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1
Zhang, Haitao, Peng Tian, Jie Zhong, Yongchao Liu, and Jialin Li. "Mapping Photovoltaic Panels in Coastal China Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Images and Google Earth Engine." Remote Sensing 15, no. 15 (July 25, 2023): 3712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15153712.
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Photovoltaic (PV) panels convert sunlight into electricity, and play a crucial role in energy decarbonization, and in promoting urban resources and environmental sustainability. The area of PV panels in China’s coastal regions is rapidly increasing, due to the huge demand for renewable energy. However, a rapid, accurate, and robust PV panel mapping approach, and a practical PV panel classification strategy for large-scale applications have not been established. Here, we developed a new approach that uses spectral and textural features to identify and map the PV panels there were in coastal China in 2021 using multispectral instrument (MSI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and the Google Earth Engine (GEE), to differentiate PV panels according to their underlying surface properties. Our 10-m-spatial-resolution PV panel map had an overall accuracy of 94.31% in 2021. There was 510.78 km2 of PV panels in coastal China in 2021, which included 254.47 km2 of planar photovoltaic (PPV) panels, 170.70 km2 of slope photovoltaic (SPV) panels, and 85.61 km2 of water photovoltaic (WPV) panels. Our resultant PV panel map provides a detailed dataset for renewable layouts, ecological assessments, and the energy-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Panda, Babita, Sampurna Panda, Rakesh Kumar, Chitralekha Jena, Lipika Nanda, and Arjyadhara Pradhan. "ENERGY & EXERGY ANALYSIS OF A PV PANEL WITH PASSIVE COOLING MECHANISM." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (January 17, 2024): 010260(1–6). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-06-e01379.
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A photovoltaic (PV) array is grately responsive to changes in temperature; contrarily, reduction in temperature is the major factor that subsidize to an raise in the electrical efficiency and output power of a PV system. To optimize the production of energy by PV panels and reduce their temperature, a photovoltaic (PV) cooling system is basically used. Nonetheless, more insolation is generally associated with higher temperatures, which is ambiguous for photovoltaic (PV) panels because they rely on that irradiance to create power. These extreme temperature rises have a devastating effect on how skillfully photovoltaic (PV) panels transforms energy. A solar photovoltaic (PV) system can opearte more accurately with an adequate cooling system on its surface. In this paper, a passive cooling model for the PV panel has been devloped which cools down the PV panel by employing dry grass and water at the back surface. A correlation has been made with a non-cooled panel. Two PV panels are simultaneously tested. Electrical output properties of both the PV panels have been recorded and energy and exergy analysis for the system has been presented to have a more detailed understanding of the cooling effect on PV panel performance. The cooled panel has an increase in efficiency by 47%. Along with the electrical efficiency, the thermal efficiency has also been presented in this paper for performance evaluation in the form of overall efficiency.
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Nedelchev, Ivaylo, and Hristo Zhivomirov. "A combined approach for assessment the functionality of photovoltaic modules in real-world operation." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018002006.
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The energy production from the solar photovoltaic power plants is highly dependent on the meteorological and physical conditions such as solar radiation, ambient and panel’s surface temperature, inclination of the photovoltaic (PV) panel construction etc. The I-V curves are the most important for estimation the functionality and production of each PV panel, as well as finding the maximum power point (MPP) of it. Because of the continuous generation of energy, the silicon crystal of the PV modules begins to depreciate and this decreases the energy production. In real-world operating conditions, revealing the energy state of the PV panels is the main point for estimating the PV panels’ efficiency. Furthermore, one complete approach, including electrical measurements and temperature distribution information over the PV panels’ surface, can reveal the risky elements (subcells) and provide data for prevention damages and working interruptions. This paper presents a method for PV monitoring in which conventional electrical instrumentation devises and thermographic camera are used, in order to estimate the real physical state of the PV panels’.
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Dabral, Atulesh, Rahul Kumar, S. C. Ram, Amit Morey, Sumit Mohan, and Devesh Sharma. "Effect of Anti-Reflective and Dust Spreading on Performance of Solar PV Panels." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1285, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1285/1/012029.
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Abstract This study intends to better solar photovoltaic (PV) panel performance by employing anti-reflective coating and explore how dust affects solar panel effectiveness. Three equivalent solar PV panels were compared, having one of them being uncoated, the next one having a TiO2 nanomaterial coating, and the very last one having a SiO2 nanomaterial coating. PV panel surfaces are coated with superhydrophilicity TiO2 as well as superhydrophobic SiO2 nanomaterials using a cloth made of microfibers. With the aid of a photovoltaic (PV) analyser, the power output of each and every PV panel has been monitored during the month of November 2021. After one month of being exposed to the environment, the percentage improvement in efficiency for TiO2-coated panels was 7.66% and for SiO2 coated panels was 19.73% as compared to uncoated PV panels. Results demonstrate that SiO2 covered PV panels outperform the other two scenarios in terms of efficiency and power output. The frequency of photovoltaic panel washing is reduced by the application of coating. Different amounts of dust are evenly scattered on the surface of the PV panel in order to observe the effect of the dust. Additionally, as the amount of dust increases, the effectiveness of PV panels declines considerably. When 20g of dust is dispersed across the surface of a PV panel, its efficiency falls by 34.6 percent.
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Arifin, Zainal, Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana, Syamsul Hadi, Rendy Adhi Rachmanto, Gabriel Setyohandoko, and Bayu Sutanto. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Air Cooling for Photovoltaic Panels Using Aluminum Heat Sinks." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (January 10, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1574274.
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An increase in the operating temperature of photovoltaic (PV) panels caused by high levels of solar irradiation can affect the efficiency and lifespan of PV panels. This study uses numerical and experimental analyses to investigate the reduction in the operating temperature of PV panels with an air-cooled heat sink. The proposed heat sink was designed as an aluminum plate with perforated fins that is attached to the back of the PV panel. A comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was conducted using the software ANSYS Fluent to ensure that the heat sink model worked properly. The influence of heat sinks on the heat transfer between a PV panel and the circulating ambient air was investigated. The results showed a substantial decrease in the operating temperature of the PV panel and an increase in its electrical performance. The CFD analysis in the heat sink model with an air flow velocity of 1.5 m/s and temperature of 35°C under a heat flux of 1000 W/m2 showed a decrease in the PV panel’s average temperature from 85.3°C to 72.8°C. As a consequence of decreasing its temperature, the heat sink increased the open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) and maximum power point (PMPP) of the PV panel by 10% and 18.67%, respectively. Therefore, the use of aluminum heat sinks could provide a potential solution to prevent PV panels from overheating and may indirectly lead to a reduction in CO2 emissions due to the increased electricity production from the PV system.
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Chala, Girma T., Shaharin A. Sulaiman, Xuecheng Chen, and Salim S. Al Shamsi. "Effects of Nanocoating on the Performance of Photovoltaic Solar Panels in Al Seeb, Oman." Energies 17, no. 12 (June 12, 2024): 2871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17122871.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are projected to become the largest contributor of clean electricity generation worldwide. Maintenance and cleaning strategies are crucial for optimizing solar PV operations, ensuring a satisfactory economic return of investment. Nanocoating may have potential for optimizing PV operations; however, there is insufficient scientific evidence that supports this idea. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of nanocoating on the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels installed in Al Seeb, Oman. A further study was also carried out to observe the influence of coating layers on the performance of PV panels. One SiO2 nanocoated solar panel, another regularly cleaned PV panel, and a reference uncleaned panel were used to carry out the study. The site of the study was treeless and sandy, with a hot and dry climate. A data logger was connected to the solar PV panel and glass panel to record the resulting voltage, current, temperature, and solar radiation. It was observed that nanocoated PV panels outperformed both regular PV panels and uncleaned PV panels. Nanocoated PV panels demonstrated an average efficiency of 21.6%, showing a 31.7% improvement over uncleaned panels and a 9.6% improvement over regularly cleaned panels. Although nanocoating displayed high efficiency, regular cleaning also contributes positively. Furthermore, even though nanocoated PV panels outperformed the other two panels, it is important to note that the performance difference between the regular cleaned PV panels and the nanocoated PV panels was small. This indicates that regular cleaning strategies and nanocoating can further contribute to maintaining a more efficient solar PV system. Coating in many layers was also observed to influence the performance of PV panels insignificantly, mainly the fourth layer coating appeared to have formed sufficient mass to retain heat.
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Zhang, Zhihan, Qiaoyu Wang, Demou Cao, and Kai Kang. "Impact of Photovoltaics." Modern Electronic Technology 5, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/met.v5i1.6315.
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Photovoltaics (PV) can convert sunlight into electricity by making use of the photovoltaic effect. Solar panels consist of photovoltaic cells made of semiconductor materials (such as silicon) to utilise the photovoltaic effect and convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. Nowadays, PV has become the cheapest electrical power source with low price bids and low panel prices. The competitiveness makes it a potential path to mitigate the global warming. In this paper, we investigate the relationship of PC array output with irradiance and temperature, the performance of PV array over 24 hours period, and the simulation of PV micro grid by MATLAB simulation.
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Zhang, Wei, Guanghui Wang, Guoqing Yao, Chen Lu, and Yu Liu. "Study on Fault Monitoring Technology of Photovoltaic Panel Based on Thermal Infrared and Optical Remote Sensing." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1-2024 (May 11, 2024): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-2024-855-2024.
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Abstract. Rapid access to the operating status of Photovoltaic (PV) panels and troubleshooting can save management and maintenance costs for the development of PV power plants, which is important for PV power plant management and power generation capacity assurance. The use of remote sensing technology to identify the faults of photovoltaic panels has developed rapidly, however, current research usually relies only on a single optical data source to identify and count the area of PV panels in a PV electric field, although there are literature on PV panel fault detection, only the surface fault identification of PV panels is tested, while the internal faults (such as panel bad points or bad lines) cannot be identified because of the limitations of optical remote sensing. In this paper, a photovoltaic panel fault monitoring technology based on multi-source remote sensing is proposed. The optical and thermal infrared hybrid data combined with deep learning technology are used to achieve rapid and accurate fault identification and localization of PV panel arrays. It can not only automatically identify PV panels that are obscured by dust and foreign objects, but also locate PV panels that have bad dots or bad lines, which greatly improves the ability and effectiveness of remote sensing PV panel fault monitoring. The high-resolution unmanned air vehicle (UAV) optical image and thermal infrared image are applied in this experiment. The Mask RCNN algorithm is used to accurately locate and number the photovoltaic panel of the optical image. Then, the fault scene classification model is established for the multi-type fault characteristics of the optical image and thermal infrared image within the panel range, so as to identify five types of faults, such as dust cover, branch cover, bird droppings cover, internal bad points and bad lines of PV panel, which effectively solves the problem that the single optical remote sensing image cannot identify the internal component faults of the photovoltaic panel under normal conditions.
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Sambu, Srikanth, and Byamakesh Nayak. "Reliability oriented performance evaluation of PV inverter with bifacial panels considering albedos." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2024): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i4.pp815-824.
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The recent advancements in the solar photovoltaic technology is bifacial panels. These panels are capable of producing higher energy than their conventional panels by capturing from both front and rear sides. By harvesting solar energy from both the front and rare surfaces of the panels, the load on the inverters can increase. This affects its reliability performance. Nevertheless, inverter is reported as the critical component in the photovoltaic (PV) system. Hence this work presents reliability-oriented performance evaluation of PV inverter with bifacial panels is proposed. A 3-kilowatt photovoltaic system has been considered with yearly mission profile data at Hyderabad, India. This evaluation is carried out under various albedos. Finally, a comparison between monofacial and bifacial PV panel are presented. The results show that the albedo significantly impacts the lifetime of a PV inverter and therefore, the albedo should be considered when designing a bifacial panel's inverter.
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Thaib, Razali, Hamdani Umar, and T. Azuar Rizal. "Experimental Study of the Use of Phase Change Materials as Cooling Media on Photovoltaic Panels." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 3 (April 12, 2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.3.2405.
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Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is a combination of electrical technology from photovoltaic solar panels (PV) with building construction. The PV panel was mounted onto the frames attached to the building's main outer wall. When solar radiation energy comes into contact on the PV surface, some part is reflected in the surroundings while mostly absorbed in the PV panel. The energy absorbed is converted into electricity while the rest dissipates into thermal energy, which increases the surface temperature of PV. The increases in the panels' surface temperature negatively impact the electrical output and PV panels' long-term reliability. One of them is the use of phase change materials (PCM) as heat storage materials. This research also emphasizes the use of beeswax as a material for storing heat energy. Using the T-History method by fusing beeswax, show that the temperature range between 49,40 to 57.15 oC with latent enthalpy 151.65 kJ/kg. In this research, we tested the use of PCM as a heat storage material for PV panels. Two types of containers to accommodate PCM are used, triangular containers and semicircular containers. From the test results, it was found that beeswax can function well as a heat storage so that the surface temperature of the PV + PCM panel is lower than that of standard PV. So that the voltage generated is higher than standard PV panels.
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Thaib, Razali, Hamdani Umar, and T. Azuar Rizal. "Experimental Study of the Use of Phase Change Materials as Cooling Media on Photovoltaic Panels." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 3 (April 12, 2021): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.3.2405.
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Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is a combination of electrical technology from photovoltaic solar panels (PV) with building construction. The PV panel was mounted onto the frames attached to the building's main outer wall. When solar radiation energy comes into contact on the PV surface, some part is reflected in the surroundings while mostly absorbed in the PV panel. The energy absorbed is converted into electricity while the rest dissipates into thermal energy, which increases the surface temperature of PV. The increases in the panels' surface temperature negatively impact the electrical output and PV panels' long-term reliability. One of them is the use of phase change materials (PCM) as heat storage materials. This research also emphasizes the use of beeswax as a material for storing heat energy. Using the T-History method by fusing beeswax, show that the temperature range between 49,40 to 57.15 oC with latent enthalpy 151.65 kJ/kg. In this research, we tested the use of PCM as a heat storage material for PV panels. Two types of containers to accommodate PCM are used, triangular containers and semicircular containers. From the test results, it was found that beeswax can function well as a heat storage so that the surface temperature of the PV + PCM panel is lower than that of standard PV. So that the voltage generated is higher than standard PV panels.
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Sado, Kerry A., Lokman H. Hassan, and Shivan Sado. "Photovoltaic panels tilt angle optimization." E3S Web of Conferences 239 (2021): 00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123900019.
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The tilt angle of solar panels is significant for capturing solar radiation that reaches the surface of the panel. Photovoltaic (PV) performance and efficiency are highly affected by its angle of tilt with respect to the horizontal plane. The amount of radiation reaching the surface of a PV panel changes with the changes in its tilt angle, hence adding a solar tracking system will maximize the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface of a PV panel at any time during the day, however, integrating solar tracking system will increase the total cost and maintenance of any PV system. Thus, using an optimized fixed tilt angle is the solution to element the initial, maintenance, and operation costs of a solar tracking system. Yet, the fixed angle is location-specific because it depends on the daily, monthly, and yearly location of the sun. In this study; daily, monthly and seasonally angles are calculated mathematically and the amount of incident radiation on the surface of the PV panel is measured along with its voltage. By comparing the practical measurements of the output voltage of PV panels, an optimized tilt angle is decided.
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Kshatri, Sainadh Singh, Javed Dhillon, Sachin Mishra, Rizwan Tariq, Naveen Kumar Sharma, Mohit Bajaj, Ateeq Ur Rehman, Muhammad Shafiq, and Jin-Ghoo Choi. "Reliability Analysis of Bifacial PV Panel-Based Inverters Considering the Effect of Geographical Location." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010170.
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Recent trends in the photovoltaic (PV) technology industry are moving towards utilizing bifacial PV panels. Unlike traditional PV panels, bifacial PV panels can yield energy from both sides of the panel. Manufacturers specify that bifacial PV panels can harness up to 30% more energy than traditional PV panels. Hence, bifacial PV panels are becoming a common approach at low solar irradiance conditions to yield more energy. However, a bifacial PV panel increases PV inverter loading. The PV inverter is the most unreliable component in the entire PV system. This results in a negative impact on PV system reliability and cost. Hence, it is necessary to anticipate the inverter’s reliability when used in bifacial PV panels. This paper analyzes the reliability, i.e., lifetime, of PV inverters, considering both monofacial and bifacial PV panels for the analysis. Results showed that the increase in bifacial energy yield could significantly affect PV inverter reliability performance, especially in locations where the average mission profile is relatively high.
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Shrestha, Niresh, and Atiq Zaman. "Decommissioning and Recycling of End-of-Life Photovoltaic Solar Panels in Western Australia." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (January 8, 2024): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020526.
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Academics predict that a significant volume of end-of-life (EOL) photovoltaic (PV) solar panel waste will be generated in the coming years due to the significant rise in the production and use of PV solar panels since the late 20th Century. This study focuses on identifying a sustainable solution for the management of EOL PV solar panel waste by triangulating the information collected on areas such as the current state, the key barriers, and the key enablers with respect to managing EOL PV solar panel waste, specifically in Western Australia (WA). The data were collected using online survey questions and interviews with users of PV solar panels, sellers of PV solar panels, recyclers of PV solar panels, and local governments in Western Australia. Findings reveal that although there is a low generation of PV solar panel waste at present, it is concerning that WA lacks systems and infrastructure to manage this waste. Introducing and implementing an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policy, banning EOL PV solar panels from landfills, and, finally, increasing financial investment in this study area through grants, subsidies, and loans could be a sustainable solution for the management of EOL PV solar panel waste in WA.
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Ahila, R., Dharmesh Dhabliya, Hassan M. Al-Jawahry, Mohammed Kadhim Obaid, Phaneendra babu Bobba, and V. Vivek. "Use of Nanofluid Cooling Techniques Involving Aluminium-Metal Oxide (Al2O3) to Enhance Photovoltaic Panel Efficiency." E3S Web of Conferences 564 (2024): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456405010.
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The research looks into using an aluminum-metal oxide (Al2O3) nanofluid to cool down photovoltaic (PV) panel surfaces. Researchers looked into how cooling affected the performance of PV panels when exposed to the most sunlight using an alternative method that let them cool both sides of the panel at the same time. They used aluminum-metal oxide (Al2O3) nanofluid cooling. When both the front and back of PV panels were cooled at the same time, the average panel temperature dropped from 54 C (when the panels weren’t cooled) to 24 C. It was also found that the proposed Al2O3 Nanofluid cooling method could be paid for. The PV panel’s surface and ability to clean itself are its main benefits, which help explain the average power output. A water-cooling system like this can help keep a photovoltaic panel cool while it’s working, which makes it more efficient.
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Komilov, Asliddin. "Simulation Analysis of Various Applications of a Combined Photovoltaic Panel with a Single-Channel Natural Flow Heat Collector." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (November 19, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8090817.
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The present article presents simulation results of a combined photovoltaic panel (PV) with natural flow single-channel thermal collector device (PV/T) for different thermal performance modes. The efficiencies of the PV/T and the same size photovoltaic panel are compared. Stress analysis was performed to realize the system’s limitation and resistibility to hydrostatic pressure. At different modes of operation, the photovoltaic efficiency was 6-15% higher for PV/T than for PV. The photovoltaic efficiency of PV/T was less influenced by insulation than that of PV, and combined thermal and photovoltaic efficiency was higher in insulated PV/T. Because of the hydrostatic pressure of water, the proposed design PV/T can use only limited existing PV panels which is a big disadvantage compared to other designs.
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Karabulut, Mehmet, Huseyin Kusetogullari, and Sinan Kivrak. "Outdoor Performance Assessment of New and Old Photovoltaic Panel Technologies Using a Designed Multi-Photovoltaic Panel Power Measurement System." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (September 17, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8866412.
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This paper presents a new multi-photovoltaic panel measurement and analysis system (PPMAS) developed for measurement of atmospheric parameters and generated power of photovoltaic (PV) panels. Designed system presented with an experimental study evaluates performance of four new and four 5-year-old PV panel technologies which are based on polycrystalline (Poly), monocrystalline (Mono), copper indium selenide (CIS), and cadmium telluride (CdTe) in real time, under same atmospheric conditions. The PPMAS system with the PV panels is installed in Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara Province, in Turkey. The designed PPMAS consists of three different subsystems which are (1) photovoltaic panel measurement subsystem (PPMS), (2) meteorology measurement subsystem (MMS), and (3) data acquisition subsystem (DAS). PPMS is used to measure the power generation for PV panels. MMS involves different types of sensors, and it is designed to determine atmospheric conditions including wind speed, wind direction, outdoor temperature, humidity, ambient light, and panel temperatures. The measured values by PPMS and MMS are stored in a database using DAS subsystem. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, PPMS and MMS are calibrated. This study also focuses on outdoor testing performances of four new and four 5-year-old PV panels. Average monthly panel efficiencies are estimated as 8.46%, 8.11%, 5.65%, and 3.88% for new Mono, new Poly, new CIS, and new CdTe PV panels, respectively. Moreover, average monthly panel efficiencies of old panels are calculated as 8.22%, 7.85%, 5.35%, and 3.63% in the same order. Test results obtained from the experimental system are also statistically examined and discussed to analyze the performance of PV panels in terms of monthly panel efficiencies.
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Bajagain, Rishikesh, Gayatri Panthi, Youn-Joo An, and Seung-Woo Jeong. "Current Practices on Solar Photovoltaic Waste Management: An Overview of the Potential Risk and Regulatory Approaches of the Photovoltaic Waste." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 690–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.12.690.
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The use of hazardous metals like lead, cadmium in solar photovoltaics (PVs) are rapidly increasing which poses the risk to the environment due to potential release of these constituents. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the updated information on solar PV waste along with the present condition of efforts for recovery, country-wise regulatory approach or strategy on solar PV management and recycling. A brief literature review is assessed based on recently published articles and reports, which provides the readers a general overview on the solar PV waste management and regulations made by world leader countries in solar panels. This study discussed on the risk of hazardous chemical species releasing from PV modules and criteria of PV panel waste classification. Furthermore, the estimation of solar waste PV, its categorization, management approaches, country guidelines and recycling of waste PV panels, were mainly focused in this study. Apart from this, the major leaching tests carried out for waste classification and PV waste recycling in different countries are also discussed. Solar PV waste generally categorized as a general waste by the regulatory aspect, except in the EU, since PV panels in these countries are described as e-waste as stated in the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive. To reinforce the recycling option, currently only Europe has mandated a strong regulatory guideline, however, other nations are preparing to set up particular system for solar panel waste management. In particular, this paper focuses on the potential risk caused by solar panels, data collection for PV waste and management approach like recycling. Besides, this review believes the basics of PV panel installation, management and recycling process which could recommend upcoming guidance for the public policymakers.
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Hendarti, R., J. Linggarjati, and R. A. Hernawan. "The performance of floating Photovoltaic system over a small pond in Jakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1344, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1344/1/012010.
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Abstract It is recognized that photovoltaic (PV) cells exhibit a drawback when subjected to significant temperature increases. This paper presents an initial study of the performance of Floating PV (FPV) over a pond, encompassing the effect of the PV panel’s surface temperature on the variation of the PV cell efficiency. To facilitate this study, an experimental study was conducted. The experiment deployed four monocrystalline PV panels with a maximum power output (Pmax) of 100 Watts for each panel. These four panels were divided into two sets that each set contain two PV panels. The first set was installed over a small pond with an area of 24 m2 and a depth of 1.2 m, while the other set was placed over a concrete surface with the same area size. The steps of the experiment study were as follows: (1) to measure the PV panel’s surface temperature of the two sets, and (2) to calculate the operating PV cell efficiency using an energy balance equation. The measurement of the PV panel’s temperature was taken hourly from 08.00 AM to 04.00 PM on clear and cloudy day. The data on rainy day was excluded. The study was conducted in an urban area of Jakarta, where the average ambient temperature ranges between 25°C and 30°C. The experimental site conditions are relatively clear, only several trees located on the south of the area. The results indicated that pond has a significant effect on the reduction of the PV panel’s surface temperature as compared to the PV set over the concrete surface. The average temperature reduction is around 3.5°C on a clear day, whereas the maximum reduction is 7.8°C, when the irradiance level rises to around 1000 W/m2. Indeed, the observed improvement of the PV cell efficiency was approximately 3.9% at the highest and in average was around 2%.
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Anita, Manish Soni, and Tiwari Shruti. "Monitoring and improvement of PV panel efficiency due to thermal effect." i-manager’s Journal on Instrumentation and Control Engineering 11, no. 2 (2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jic.11.2.20308.
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Solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels are extensively employed for the purpose of converting renewable energy, namely solar energy, into electrical energy. A significant portion of the solar radiation collected by Photovoltaic (PV) panels is transformed into thermal energy, resulting in the heating of PV cells and a consequent reduction in PV efficiency. The increase in the temperature of Photovoltaic (PV) panels leads to a decrease in their conversion efficiency. The data indicate that an increase of one degree Celsius in PV temperature can lead to a reduction in efficiency of up to 0.65%. This phenomenon has garnered significant scholarly interest in the realm of reducing and managing Photovoltaic (PV) temperature. One of the ways that has been explored is the use of Phase Change Material (PCM), which has the ability to effectively regulate the temperature of Photovoltaic (PV) systems due to its latent heat storing capabilities. Additionally, integrating Phase Change Material (PCM) in Photovoltaic (PV) systems not only helps in temperature regulation but also contributes to extending the lifespan of PV panels by mitigating thermal stress. As the demand for sustainable energy solutions continues to grow, optimizing the efficiency and durability of solar technologies remains a crucial focus for researchers and industry professionals alike.
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Alktranee, Mohammed, and Péter Bencs. "Simulation study of the photovoltaic panel under different operation conditions." ACTA IMEKO 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i4.1111.
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<p>An increase in the temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) cells is a significant issue in most PV panels application. About 15–20% of solar radiation is converted to electricity by PV panels, and the rest converts to heat that affects their efficiency. This paper studies the effects of temperature distribution on the PV panel at different solar radiation values, temperatures under different operation conditions in January and July. A 3D model of the PV panel was simulated with ANSYS software, depending on the various values of temperatures and solar radiation values obtained using mathematic equations. The simulation results indicate that PV panel temperature lowered with solar radiation values lower in January, and the temperature was homogeneous on the PV panel surface. An increase in the solar radiation value and temperature in July led causes heating of the PV panel with observed a convergence of the maximum and average temperature of the panel. Thus, the PV panel temperature increase is directly proportional to the solar radiation increase that causes lower performance. Cooling the PV panel by passive or active cooling represents the optimum option to enhance their performance and avoid increasing the PV cells' temperature at temperature increase.</p>
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Alves, Tiago, João Paulo N. Torres, Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas, and Carlos A. F. Fernandes. "Different Techniques to Mitigate Partial Shading in Photovoltaic Panels." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 3863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133863.
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The effect of partial shading in photovoltaic (PV) panels is one of the biggest problems regarding power losses in PV systems. When the irradiance pattern throughout a PV panel is inequal, some cells with the possibility of higher power production will produce less and start to deteriorate. The objective of this research work is to present, test and discuss different techniques to help mitigate partial shading in PV panels, observing and commenting the advantages and disadvantages for different PV technologies under different operating conditions. The motivation is to contribute with research, simulation, and experimental work. Several state-of-the-artsolutions to the problem will be presented: different topologies in the interconnection of the panels; different PV system architectures, and also introducing new solution hypotheses, such as different cell interconnections topologies. Alongside, benefits and limitations will be discussed. To obtain actual results, the simulation work was conducted by creating MATLAB/Simulink models for each different technique tested, all centered around the 1M5P PV cell model. The several techniques tested will also take into account different patterns and sizes of partial shading, different PV panel technologies, different values of source irradiation, and different PV array sizes. The results will be discussed and validated by experimental tests.
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Abdulmouti, Hassan. "Passive Cooling Module to Improve the Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Performance." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 18 (March 1, 2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.2.
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Solar energy is a renewable clean energy. Photovoltaic (PV) cells or solar panels use the sun light as the main source to produce electricity. However, the operating temperature has a significant impact on the PV conversion process and its performance. PV cell technology performance is sensitive to the operating temperature. Increasing cell temperature causes a significant reduction in the output voltage which in turn leads to reducing electrical efficiency. In other words, when the temperature rises, the output current rises exponentially which leads to output voltage to fall. Therefore, PV efficiency decreases. This paper aims to develop a new PV panel passive cooling system that enhances the efficiency of the panel and improves its performance. The design is based on air channels and air chimneys. Overall, cooled solar panels are efficient and cost-effective as their performance is better and their efficiency is higher than the non-cooled solar panels. Our project is designed to serve UAE’s 2021 vision (increased dependence on clean energy and green development), reduce pollution in the environment, and save energy for the next generations. The goal of this research is to lower the temperature of the PV panel., therefore, enhancing the efficiency as well as improving the performance by cooling the PV panel. So, It has the potential to alleviate the problem of overheating solar panels.
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Pacana, Andrzej, and Dominika Siwiec. "Model to Predict Quality of Photovoltaic Panels Considering Customers’ Expectations." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031101.
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The perspective of reducing negative climate changes in the area of production of electricity is beneficial mainly for photovoltaic panels (PV). In this case, qualitative–ecological interactions arise, which should be verified to properly select PV. It refers to the analysis of customers’ expectations of the utility of photovoltaic panels and their impact on the landscape (environments). Therefore, the purpose of the article was to propose a model to predict the quality of photovoltaic panels considering the expectations of the customers. According to the SMART(-ER) method, the purpose of the analysis was determined. Then, using brainstorming (BM), the criteria of PV were determined in groups: technical, utility, and aesthetic. The customer expectations were then obtained by questionnaire with the technique with the method of comparison in pairs and Likert scale. Customer expectations were initially verified using the AHP method, after which the key PV criteria of PV were selected. The relations between these criteria were then determined by the DEMATEL method. According to customer expectations, the quality of PV was calculated. The Weighted Product Model (WPM) was used this purpose. As a result, the best photovoltaic panel was predicted for the best PV for the customer by using the relative state scale. The developed model can be used by any entity for any photovoltaic panel and by individual personalized criteria for the customer and other interested parties. The originality of this model is the integration of selected techniques in such a way as to provide them with the greatest satisfaction after choosing a PV based on customer expectations.
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Listarhov (Lixandru), A., and T. Catalina. "Experimental analysis of energy production of a hybrid thermal-photovoltaic solar panel enhanced with phase-change material." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1185, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1185/1/012002.
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Abstract The paper presents the difference between 2 photovoltaic thermal panels (PV/T), panels with the same initial characteristics. During the experiment, in PV/T panel no. 1 we introduce 14 kg of RT 35 phase change material, material with a liquid density at 45°C of 0.77 kg/l. According to the technical sheet of the panel, PV/T volume no. 1 was occupied 50% with PCM RT 35. Panel no. 2 is a normal PV/T. Following measurements made with the data recorder BTM-4208 SD, a difference of 6°C results on the faces of the panels. The energy production for PV/T no. 1 with PCM RT35 is 10.046 kWh compared to PV/T panel no. 2 where the energy production is 8.443 kWh. Conclusion: the efficiency of the PV/T panel no. 1 with PCM RT 35 is better by 15.20% compared to panel no. 2 PV/T.
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Uçar, Mustafa, Atilla Evcin, and Osman Çelen. "Development and characterisation of multifunctional surface coatings for photovoltaic panels." Emerging Materials Research 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.21.00041.
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In this research, the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panel surfaces due to environmental pollution (dust, dirt and carbon dioxide etc.) results in the loss of output power. The self-cleaning, photocatalytic, anti-reflection and antibacterial coatings developed to reduce this effect were coated on glass surfaces by the sol–gel method, and the effects of the coatings made on the efficiency of PV panels were investigated. The optical and photocatalytic properties of the coatings made were characterised by contact angle measurement and the scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The panels coated with increased light transmittance on the PV panel surface showed self-cleaning properties, an anti-reflection effect and antibacterial surface formation. Of the coatings made on the panel surfaces, photocatalytic and anti-reflection effects were provided with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) compounds, and an antibacterial surface was obtained with the diboron trioxide (B2O3) compound. Four panels covered with titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, diboron trioxide and TiO2 + SiO2 + B2O3 and uncoated panels were compared. The PV panels are in the external environment, and the most efficient coating determination was made with the data received from the PV system assembly to measure the extra energy produced.
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Huot, Mardy, Laveet Kumar, Jeyraj Selvaraj, Md Hasanuzzaman, and Nasrudin Abd Rahim. "Performance Investigation of Tempered Glass-Based Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Solar Photovoltaic Panels." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (October 31, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2335805.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) converts sunlight into electricity and is an appropriate alternative to overcome the depletion of conventional fuels and global warming issues. The performance of a PV panel may vary with respect to PV cell technology, fabrication methods, and operating conditions. This research aims at performing an experimental study to investigate the electrical performance of novel tempered glass-based PV panels using two different types of solar cells: monocrystalline and polycrystalline. Tempered glass-based panels are modified forms of commercial PV panels, in which ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and Tedlar are not utilized. This new fabrication method was carried out in this research. Real-time data recordings regarding the PV electrical characteristics ( I - V curve) and solar irradiance were conducted under Malaysian weather conditions on clear sunny days. Results indicated that, at solar irradiance of 900 W/m2, the outputs from the fabricated polycrystalline and monocrystalline PV panels were 67.4 W and 75.67 W, respectively. However, at the highest average solar irradiance (634.61 W/m2), which was obtained at 12:30 PM, the outputs from both panels were 47.87 W and 54.89 W. An I - V curve was obtained for the real-time weather. The electrical efficiencies of the two PV panels were analyzed to be 10.54% and 12.23%.
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Zhang, GengE, Mohd Suffian Misaran, Mohd Adzrie, Nazrein Adrian Amaludin, and Stevenson Guramun. "Research on the Passive Cooling System of Solar Photovoltaic Panel Based on Hybrid Solar Chimney and Ventilator." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2655, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2655/1/012016.
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Abstract The efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is significantly impacted by factors such as ambient temperature, surrounding wind speed, and the temperature of the solar PV panels. The power generation efficiency of these panels diminishes by approximately 0.5% for each incremental rise in their temperature. To mitigate this effect, two primary methods for cooling solar photovoltaic panels are considered: active and passive cooling techniques. This review paper delves into an extensive body of literature on solar passive cooling systems, highlighting the vital role of passive cooling technology in enhancing the efficiency of solar PV power generation. We investigate the structure and cooling effect of diverse passive cooling systems, with a specific focus on the application of solar chimneys and ventilators in cooling systems for solar PV panels. Our study reveals that solar chimneys, using buoyancy, can decrease the temperature of solar PV panels by as much as 15 degrees, thereby augmenting power generation efficiency. Furthermore, the deployment of ventilator technology can boost the efficiency of solar PV power generation to an impressive 46.54%. In conclusion, this paper proposes the synergistic use of solar chimneys and ventilators to improve solar PV panel efficiency, extend their lifespan, and reduce the environmental impact resulting from inefficient solar PV panels. This comprehensive approach should inform future practices.
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Ajel, Mohammed G., Engin Gedik, Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab, and Basam A. Shallal. "Performance Analysis of an Open-Flow Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Solar Collector with Using a Different Fins Shapes." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 3877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15053877.
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Generally, photovoltaic panels convert solar energy into electricity using semiconductor materials in their manufacture by converting energy into electricity by absorbing heat from solar radiation, which requires reducing the heat of these panels to improve the efficiency of electricity generation. Therefore, the issue of cooling photovoltaic panels became one of the objectives that were addressed in many studies, while cost reduction was the most important concern in the manufacture of these panels, followed by low energy consumption. In this work, the performance analysis for PV panels was achieved through using two models (Model-C and Model-S) of open-flow flat collector improves the cooling process for PV panel. The investigations of open-flow flat collector have been performed and analyzed using experimental and numerical methods. The simulation analysis was carried out by ANSYS FLUENT 17.0 software with two open-flow flat collector modules. Results appeared the effect of collector design (fin shape) on PV/T system performance and PV panel temperature, it was the percentage of difference temperature with uncooled PV panel 8.4% and 9.8% for Model-C and Model-S, at 1:00 p.m., while the performance of PV panel increased to 23.9% and 25.3% with both models, respectively at (1:00 p.m.). The evaluation result demonstrates that the performance of PV/T system increased, also the fins in open-flow collector helped the system enhance.
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Wahile, Ganesh S., Srikant Londhe, Shivshankar Trikal, Chandrakant Kothare, Prateek D. Malwe, Nitin P. Sherje, Prasad D. Kulkarni, et al. "Performance analysis of photovoltaic panel using machine learning method." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 34, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v34.i1.pp19-30.
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Demand for energy is increasing as the world’s population grows, fossil fuels deplete on a daily basis, and climate conditions change. Renewable energy is more important than ever. Solar energy is the most accessible and cost-effective renewable energy source available today. Photovoltaic (PV) cells are the most promising way to convert solar energy into electricity. Wind speed, ambient temperature, incident radiation rate, and dust deposition are some of the internal and external variables that affect photovoltaic panel performance. Unwanted heat from the sun’s rays raises panel temperatures, reduces the amount of energy that solar cells can produce, and lowers conversion efficiency. Solar panels must be adequately cooled. The current research is focused on improving photovoltaic panel performance. The experimental system includes a fully automated photovoltaic panel, a microcontroller (NodeMCU8266), a DC pump, voltage and temperature sensors. The experiment was carried out with and without cooling of the PV panel. The findings suggest that keeping PV panel temperatures close to ambient temperatures improves performance. The Wi-Fi module collects real-time data on PV panel temperature, irradiation, ambient temperature, water temperature, and PV panel power output. The collected data was analyzed using machine learning. The PV panel’s performance was analyzed using the linear regression method.
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T.A., Louis, and Tertsea I. "Environmental Factors and the Performance of PV Panels: An Experimental Investigation." African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research 6, no. 3 (December 28, 2023): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-ga3smdhp.
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With the increase in demand for renewable energy, photovoltaic (PV) panels have emerged as a major alternative for harvesting solar energy. However, the efficiency and performance of PV panels are inextricably related to environmental conditions. This study examined the effect of ambient variables on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels. Through controlled tests, the researchers investigated critical environmental parameters such as sun irradiance, temperature, wind speed, humidity, and dust deposition. Modern sensors and data-gathering methods were used to monitor how these variables affected PV panel output. Statistical tools were used to determine the relationship between environmental factors and PV panel efficiency. The findings showed a clear relationship between environmental variables and PV panel performance. Solar irradiance was recognized as a major indicator for energy generation, while temperature had complex implications on current output. Wind speed, relative humidity, and dust deposition were discovered to have discernible detrimental effects on panel performance. This study adds to the increasing knowledge about PV systems by highlighting the complex links between ambient conditions and panel efficiency. The findings highlight the importance of site-specific considerations in building and running PV installations to ensure optimal energy output and system longevity. The article's results have practical consequences for both the solar energy sector and researchers, leading to the development of ways to improve PV panel performance and contribute to the sustainable energy landscape.
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Abushgair, Khaleel. "Enhancement of Poly-Crystal PV Panels Performance by Air-to-Air Heat Exchanger Cooling System." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 16 (August 5, 2021): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2021.16.16.
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The temperature of silicon Poly-Crystal photovoltaic (PV) solar panels has a significant impact on their efficiency emphasizing the necessity of cooling approach to be used. The current study looked at the impact of adopting a unique forced convictive air-to-air heat exchanger as a cooling approach to boost the efficiency of PV solar panels, as efficiency of silicon Poly-Crystal PV solar panels would decrease as its temperature increased. The research was carried out experimentally with both an uncooled and cooled PV system. A unique cooling system for PV panels was designed and experimentally investigated in Amman, Jordan included a heat exchanger connected to a blower that drove ambient air over the back-panel surface and a chimney to draw the cooled air outside. This cooling system would improve the PV panel's efficiency. It was found that by directing cooled air over the bottom surface of the PV module at an ideal rate of 0.01020 m3/s, the temperature of the PV module could be reduced from an average of 40 °C (without cooling) to 34 °C. As a result, the efficiency and output power of PV modules increased by roughly 2 % and 12.8 %, respectively.
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A., Ruzaimi, Shafie S., W. Z. W. Hassan, N. Azis, M. Effendy Ya'acob, and E. Elianddy. "Temperature distribution analysis of monocrystalline photovoltaic panel for Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric generator (PV-TEG) hybrid application." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp858-867.
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<span>An experiment has been carried out to prove the practicality of converting the waste heat from PV panels into electrical energy by observing the temperature levels and distribution of a conventional monocrystalline silicon (Mono c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) panels for photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator (PV-TEG) hybrid application of a Hybrid Agrivoltaic (HAV) Greenhouse System project. From the observation, highest temperature of the PV backside panel surface reached 81.1°C during solar noon and expected to reach even higher during hot season. The highest power output from the 160 numbers TEG modules in series and parallel configuration were calculated to reach 119 Watt during that time at ΔT 56.1 °C. This output is expected to fluctuate over the weather temperature fluctuation throughout the day. Meanwhile, for the heat distribution, it is best to apply the TEG arrays with optimized PV angle setup, where the temperature seems to be distributed evenly at all time, to provide optimum heat source to the TEG modules. It was concluded that the excess heat from the bottom surface of PV panels can be utilize by converting the heat via temperature differential to harvest additional electrical energy by integrating TEG system, hence maximizing the potential of solar radiation capacity in generating clean renewable energy.</span>
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Lee, Seong-Hyeok, Dong-Hyeon Yoon, Seung-kuk Lee, Kwan-Young Oh, and Moung-Jin Lee. "Development of a Technique for Classifying Photovoltaic Panels Using Sentinel-1 and Machine Learning." Journal of Sensors 2022 (November 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1121971.
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With the increasing interest in effective renewable alternative energy sources resulting from the Paris Agreement on Climate Change in 2015, photovoltaic (PV) power generation is attracting attention as a practical measure. In this study, we develop procedures for efficiently monitoring PV panels in a large area and increasing their classification accuracy to enable efficient management of PV panels, an important component of renewable energy generation. To accomplish this, first, the persistent scatterer characteristics (e.g., polarization, imaging module, and topography) of PV panels in SAR images were utilized. Then, we developed a technique for classifying panels over a certain size using the polarization and pulse-scattering characteristics of Sentinel-1. Next, by stacking Sentinel-1 ground range Doppler (GRD) images and comparing them with the surroundings of the same area, the morphological features of PV panels were derived and built as learning data for machine learning. Then, a more precise classification of PV panels was performed by applying these learning data in AI algorithms. When SAR-based AI training data for the same PV panels were used in the YOLOv3 and YOLOv5 algorithms, both algorithms showed high accuracy of over 90%, but there were differences in precision and recall. These findings will enable more efficient monitoring of PV panels, the use of which is expected to increase in the future. In addition, they can serve as a proactive response tool to address environmental problems such as PV panel waste and panels washed away during natural disasters.
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Hwang, Myeong-Hwan, Young-Gon Kim, Hae-Sol Lee, Young-Dae Kim, and Hyun-Rok Cha. "A Study on the Improvement of Efficiency by Detection Solar Module Faults in Deteriorated Photovoltaic Power Plants." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020727.
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In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has attracted considerable attention as a new eco-friendly and renewable energy generation technology. With the recent development of semiconductor manufacturing technologies, PV power generation is gradually increasing. In this paper, we analyze the types of defects that form in PV power generation panels and propose a method for enhancing the productivity and efficiency of PV power stations by determining the defects of aging PV modules based on their temperature, power output, and panel images. The method proposed in the paper allows the replacement of individual panels that are experiencing a malfunction, thereby reducing the output loss of solar power generation plants. The aim is to develop a method that enables users to immediately check the type of failures among the six failure types that frequently occur in aging PV panels—namely, hotspot, panel breakage, connector breakage, busbar breakage, panel cell overheating, and diode failure—based on thermal images by using the failure detection system. By comparing the data acquired in the study with the thermal images of a PV power station, efficiency is increased by detecting solar module faults in deteriorated photovoltaic power plants.
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Abdelsalam, Emad, Hamza Alnawafah, Fares Almomani, Aya Mousa, and Hasan Qandil. "Enhancing the Efficiency of Bi-Facial Photovoltaic Panels: An Integration Approach." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 12, 2023): 14786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152014786.
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This work presents a novel approach to increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels by integrating them with a cooling tower (CT). An infusion of water cools the hot, dry ambient air at the top of the CT. Due to gravity, the cooled air drops toward the base of the CT, where it interacts with a turbine placed at the bottom of the CT to produce electricity. The air then exits the CT base, creating a cooled air jet stream. The PV panels were placed at the base of the CT, right at the stream’s exit. As the cooled air passes underneath the PV panels, it exchanges energy with the PV, reducing the panels’ temperature. The results showed that the maximum annual efficiency improvement (6.831%) was observed using two rows of PV panels. The efficiency declined incrementally from 6.831% to 4.652% when the number of rows of PV panels was increased from two to twelve. The results also showed a significant improvement in the temperature of the PV panels. The best results were obtained at noon (maximum ambient temperature), where the solar panel temperature was lowered to 25 °C from 55 °C. Furthermore, the annual electrical energy generated with two rows of panels was 39,207.4 kWh without the CT, compared to 41,768.2 kWh with the CT. In addition, the results showed that with a 10 m diameter and 200 m height CT, the maximum number of PV rows that can be effectively cooled is 24. Future work will investigate integrating additional techniques to improve the system’s efficiency further.
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Almusawi, Muntather, Abbas Hameed Abdul Hussein, Phaneendra babu Bobba, S. Subburam, R. Maruthamuthu, and V. Vivek. "The Contribution of Active Cooling on Perovskite Photovoltaic Cell Performance and Its Impact on The Power Production." E3S Web of Conferences 564 (2024): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456405013.
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The main goal of this study is to investigate techniques for improving the electrical efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) panel in a controlled laboratory environment. The efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) panel is impacted by both the magnitude of solar radiation it receives and the surrounding temperature. Essentially, the electrical efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) panel will decline as its operating temperature increases due to these conditions. The performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels diminishes when water passes over the frontal surface of the panel. In order to address this issue, a direct current water pump is utilized. This system employs water cooling to efficiently control internal temperature, thereby improving power generation. The investigated cooling method improves the average electricity production due to the self-cleaning surface of the PV panel. Furthermore, the economic viability of the technique was evaluated.
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Liu, Zheng Quan, and Yi Wang Bao. "Design Issues and Contribution to Building Energy of Photovoltaic Roof." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3035.
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Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is a relatively recent new application of photovoltaic (PV) energy technologies whose energy output is affected by many design-related factors including PV module technologies, installation orientation, tilt and shadow range of solar panels. The shading analysis of a residential house’s PV roof in Beijing was conducted by using building analysis program Autodesk Ecotect 2010. Analysis result shows that there is no shadow on the PV roof from 9a.m to 4p.m in winter solstice when the solar altitude angle reaches minimum, which ensures almost no shading losses for the PV modules over the year. The differences in monthly energy output were compared in the case of different installation tilt of solar panels and PV module technologies. Finally, the contribution to the building energy of the PV roof was discussed. The results show that appropriate design and selection of PV modules can compensate for the energy requirements for building heating and cooling to some extent.
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Hayder Salah Mohammed, Et al. "Investigating the Impact of Partial Shading on Photovoltaic Panels and Enhancing their Efficiency using the Python." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 10 (November 7, 2023): 2002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i10.8837.
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This research project focuses on investigating the impact of partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) panels and proposes methods to enhance their efficiency using Python programming. Partial shading can significantly reduce the performance of PV panels by creating imbalances in current and voltage outputs. By leveraging Python's computational capabilities, this study aims to develop simulation models and algorithms that accurately capture the behavior of shaded PV panels. The objectives of this research include building a comprehensive understanding of partial shading effects, developing a Python-based simulation framework, analyzing the impact of different shading patterns on PV panel efficiency, investigating novel techniques to enhance efficiency using Python, and evaluating proposed approaches through simulations and experimental validation. Through this investigation, we aim to contribute to the development of improved strategies for the design and operation of PV systems. By mitigating the negative effects of shading and enhancing PV panel efficiency, we can further promote the adoption of sustainable solar energy solutions. The outcomes of this research have the potential to advance the field of solar energy and facilitate a greener and cleaner future. Also, this paper aims to investigate the impact of partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) panels and explores methods to enhance their efficiency using Python. Partial shading can significantly reduce the overall output of PV systems, leading to suboptimal performance. By analyzing shading patterns and implementing intelligent algorithms, we can optimize PV panel configuration and improve their efficiency. In this study, the Python programming language will be utilized to develop simulation models, perform data analysis, and propose solutions for increasing the efficiency of shaded PV panels.
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Raziah, Isyatur, Andri Novandri, and Yuwaldi Away. "Real-Time Monitoring of Photovoltaic Panel Using Node-RED." sinkron 8, no. 3 (August 6, 2024): 2049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i3.13929.
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This research aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system for Photovoltaic (PV) panels using Node-RED. The system can monitor critical parameters such as voltage, current, power, and the electrical energy produced by the PV panels in real-time. The data obtained from the PV panels is sent to a Node-RED server and visualized in the form of indicators and graphs on a dashboard. Statistical analysis calculates the daily average power and total energy produced. The results show that the proposed system can enhance monitoring efficiency and significantly benefit PV system maintenance and management. Users can quickly identify and address issues that may arise, such as panel performance degradation or system disruptions. Energy analysis and maintenance planning can be carried out by collecting historical data. This research supports the broader renewable energy development and provides an effective real-time PV system monitoring solution.
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Zhou, Qing Shan, and Zhi Gang Zhang. "A Study on the Solar-Thermal Performance in PV/T System." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.74.
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Based on the thermal equilibrium between the PV panels and the glazing cover of PV/T system, the influence of the spacing between PV panels and glazing cover on the solar-thermal efficiency is discussed. The heat release and solar-heat conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panels, under different plate spacing, in the PV/T systems in summer are calculated, according to the typical annual meteorological parameters of Tianjin area. The results show that the photo-thermal efficiency of the PV/T system can be improved by appropriate setup of the plate spacing, and the optimal plate spacing is affected by the temperature of photovoltaic panels.
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Roslan, E., and A. Razak. "Performance effect of applying paraffin wax on solar photovoltaic backplate." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i1.pp375-380.
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<span>The efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is affected by its operating temperature. Having high irradiance produces high electrical output but also heats up the panel and reducing the panels efficiency. This study investigates the effect of cooling solar PV panels using 750g of paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM) applied to the back plate of a solar PV panel. The experiment is done at Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. The result is reduction of up to 9.5°C, increase of up to 0.947W or 11.82% of electrical power output when compared to the panel without any PCM applied. The panel cooled with PCM also produced 4.69% more energy</span>
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Noh, Faridah Hanim Binti Mohd, Muhamad Faizal Yaakub, Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin, Norain Sahari, Nor Aira Zambri, Sim Sy Yi, and Muhammad Syukri Mohd Saibon. "Development of solar panel cleaning robot using Arduino." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1245-1250.
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Solar power is mainly harnessed from photovoltaic (PV) panels which are arranged in multiple arrays in a solar farm or solar system. Though, power generation from PV solar system is characterised by uncertain efficiency, many countries with high insolation prefer solar as an alternative way of generating clean energy. However, the efficiency of energy generated from PV panels is affected by the accumulation of dust and debris, even on one panel in an array. This condition leads to the need for regular cleaning of the surface of PV panels. Current labour-based cleaning methods for photovoltaic arrays are costly in time, water and energy usage as well as lacking in automation capabilities. To overcome this problem, a fully automatic solar panel cleaning system with/without water is proposed. Hence, in this paper, the design of a robot for automated cleaning of the surface of PV panel is presented. The design utilizes an Arduino controller system to control the robot movement during the cleaning process. In addition, it is equipped with two rough sponge and a water pump system that can be used to clean dust or debris found on PV panel surfaces. The efficiency of the PV panels before and after the cleaning process is also observed. The result shows that the developed solar panel cleaning robot is able to clean the panel effectively and increase back the output current as well as the maximum power of the panel by 50%, after the dust on the PV panel is cleaned.
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King, Marcus, Dacheng Li, Mark Dooner, Saikat Ghosh, Jatindra Nath Roy, Chandan Chakraborty, and Jihong Wang. "Mathematical Modelling of a System for Solar PV Efficiency Improvement Using Compressed Air for Panel Cleaning and Cooling." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 4072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144072.
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The efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is greatly reduced by panel soiling and high temperatures. A mechanism for eliminating both of these sources of inefficiencies is presented by integrating solar PV generation with a compressed air system. High-pressure air can be stored and used to blow over the surface of PV panels, removing present dust and cooling the panels, increasing output power. A full-system mathematical model of the proposed system is presented, comprised of compressed air generation and storage, panel temperature, panel cleaning, and PV power generation. Simulation results indicate the benefit of employing compressed air for cleaning and cooling solar PV panels. For a fixed volume of compressed air, it is advantageous to blow air over the panels early in the day if the panel is soiled or when solar radiation is most abundant with the highest achievable flow rate if the panel is clean. These strategies have been shown to achieve the greatest energy captures for a single PV panel. When comparing the energy for air compression to the energy gain from cleaning a single PV over a two-week period, an energy ROI of 23.8 is determined. The system has the potential to eliminate the requirement for additional manual cleaning of solar PV panels.
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Lu, Fangfang, Ran Niu, Zhihao Zhang, Lingling Guo, and Jingjing Chen. "A Generative Adversarial Network-Based Fault Detection Approach for Photovoltaic Panel." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041789.
Full textAbstract:
Photovoltaic (PV) panels are widely adopted and set up on residential rooftops and photovoltaic power plants. However, long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays, high temperature and humid environments accelerates the oxidation of PV panels, which finally results in functional failure. The traditional fault detection approach for photovoltaic panels mainly relies on manual inspection, which is inefficient. Lately, machine vision-based approaches for fault detection have emerged, but lack of negative samples usually results in low accuracy and hinders the wide adoption of machine vision-based approaches. To address this issue, we proposed a semi-supervised anomaly detection model based on the generative adversarial network. The proposed model uses the generator network to learn the data distribution of the normal PV panel dataset during training. When abnormal PV panel data are put into the model in the test phase, the reconstructed image generated by the model does not equal the input image. Since the abnormal PV panel data do not obey the data distribution learned by the generator, the difference between the original image and its reconstructed image exceeds the given threshold. So, the model can filter out the fault PV panel by checking the error value between the original image and its reconstructed image. The model adopts Gradient Centralization and SmoothL1 loss function to improve its generalization performance. Meanwhile, we use the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to make the model pay more attention to the defective area and greatly improve the performance of the model. In this paper, the photovoltaic panels dataset is collected from a PV power plant located in Zhejiang, China. We compare the proposed approach with state-of-the-art semi-supervised and unsupervised approaches (i.e., AnoGAN (Anomaly Detection with Generative Adversarial Networks), Zhao’s method, GANomaly, and f-AnoGAN), and the result indicates that the Area Under Curve (AUC) increases by 0.06, 0.052, 0.041 and 0.035, respectively, significantly improving the accuracy of photovoltaic panel fault detection.
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Galimshina, Alina, Alexander Hollberg, Justin McCarty, Christoph Waibel, and Arno Schlueter. "High-resolution and localized parametric embodied impact calculator of PV systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1196, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1196/1/012014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Buildings are responsible for a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the world. In order to decarbonize the electricity grid and reduce the environmental impact of the building stock, photovoltaic panels can be installed. However, in order to assess the environmental impact of PVs, the whole life cycle has to be considered including embodied emissions. Several options for photovoltaics exist on the market or are under development including silicon-based panels, thin films, and third generation panels. Currently, many configurations of the panels exist making it difficult to estimate the embodied impact. The goal of this paper is to close this gap by providing a parametric PV carbon calculator for designers and decision-makers. In this study, the embodied impact of different PV types and configurations is assessed. First, the life cycle inventories data and bill of quantities for different generations’ panel types are gathered. Second, life cycle impact assessment is performed. The results of the analysis are presented in a form of a software application allowing users to select the panel’s composition, e.g., frame and glass type, cell type, encapsulant, etc. The developed application will assist in understanding the impact of choices made in regards to PV systems and will support engineers and architects in the selection of the photovoltaic panels from embodied impact perspective.
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Zheng, Yongxiao, Jikui Miao, Hongwen Yu, Fang Liu, and Qingfeng Cai. "Thermal Analysis of Air-Cooled Channels of Different Sizes in Naturally Ventilated Photovoltaic Wall Panels." Buildings 13, no. 12 (November 30, 2023): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13123002.
Full textAbstract:
In practical engineering applications, natural air cooling is often utilized for photovoltaic (PV) facades. However, the natural-air-cooling method is not effective at cooling PV wall panels, and the high temperatures accumulated on the surface of PV panels not only affect the electrical efficiency and service life of the PV modules, but also increase the energy consumption of the building. In this paper, we propose the vertical installation of heat dissipation fins in naturally ventilated PV wall panels. We used ANSYS Fluent to establish the simulation model of naturally ventilated PV wall panels and validate it. By simulating the air-cooled channels in PV wall panels with different sizing parameters, the temperature and flow rate variations were comparatively analyzed in order to optimize the air-cooled-channel sizes. The results show that installing the fins vertically in the air-cooled channel provided better cooling for the PV panels and enhanced the air heat collection effect. Additionally, it improved the airflow rate in the channel. As the thickness of the finned air-cooled channel increased or the width decreased, the temperature on the surface of the PV panels showed a decreasing trend. Compared to the flat-plate air-cooled channel, the finned air-cooled channel, with a thickness of 100 mm and a width of 20 mm, decreased the peak and average temperatures of the PV-panel surface by 3.9 °C and 8.1 °C, respectively, and increased the average temperature of the air at the outlet by 11.2 °C.
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Kim, Moon Keun, Khalid Osman Abdulkadir, Jiying Liu, Joon-Ho Choi, and Huiqing Wen. "Optimal Design Strategy of a Solar Reflector Combining Photovoltaic Panels to Improve Electricity Output: A Case Study in Calgary, Canada." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 6115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116115.
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This study explores the combination of photovoltaic (PV) panels with a reflector mounted on a building to improve electricity generation. Globally, PV panels have been widely used as a renewable energy technology. In order to obtain more solar irradiance and improve electricity output, this study presents an advanced strategy of a reflector combining PV panels mounted on a building in Calgary, Canada. Based on an experimental database of solar irradiances, the simulation presents an optimal shape designed and tilt angles of the reflector and consequently improves solar radiation gain and electricity outputs. Polished aluminum is selected as the reflector material, and the shape and angle are designed to minimize the interruption of direct solar radiation. The numerical approach demonstrates the improvement in performance using a PV panel tilted at 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75° and a reflector, tilted at 15.5° or allowed to be tilted flexibly. A reflector tilted at 15.5° can improve solar radiation gains, of the panel, by nearly 5.5–9.2% at lower tilt angles and 14.1–21.1% at higher tilt angles. Furthermore, the flexibly adjusted reflector can improve solar radiation gains on the PV panel, by nearly 12–15.6% at lower tilt angles and 20–26.5% at higher tilt angles. A reflector tilted at 15.5° improves the panel’s output electricity on average by 4–8% with the PV panel tilted at 30° and 45° respectively and 12–19% with the PV panel tilted at 60° and 75°, annually. Moreover, a reflector that can be flexibly tilted improves electricity output on average by 9–12% with the PV panel tilted at 30° and 45° and 17–23% with the PV panel tilted at 60° and 75°. Therefore, the utilization of a reflector improves the performance of the PV panel while incurring a relatively low cost.
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Simsek Kaya, Sahra, Abdülkadir Gümüşçü, and Nurettin Beşli. "Efficient Busbar Slip Defects Detection in Photovoltaic Cell Electroluminescence Images." Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 23 (August 31, 2024): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54365/adyumbd.1494765.
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PV panel quality control is crucial for their efficient and long-lasting operation. Detecting defects in PV panels during production is essential. Electroluminescence imaging is a commonly used method for fault detection in PV panels. This study focuses on detecting busbar slippage, a specific PV panel malfunction. Automatic error detection was researched using machine learning methods on a dataset of 500 EL images taken from the production line. Feature extraction was performed using two pre-trained deep learning architectures: ResNet and SqueezeNet. Additionally, the study aimed to observe the impact of combining features from different deep learning architectures on success parameters. The highest accuracy rate of 0.9920 was achieved using deep features extracted by Relu34 and Relu25+Conv10 layers.
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Resatoglu, Rifat, Ayten Özsavaş Akçay, and Shaghayegh Ostovar Ravari. "Structural analysis and comparative study of photovoltaic panel mounting systems in Northern Cyprus." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 56 (October 18, 2022): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.56.08.18.
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Northern Cyprus has made efforts to lessen its reliance on oil products and increase the usage of solar energy and installation of Photovoltaic (PV) panels. The design of lightweight structures, such as PV panel mounting systems, is significantly influenced by the characteristics of wind loads. Inaccurate calculations or a failure to take the wind load into account have recently resulted in substantial financial losses and damage to equipment and structures. In addition, the installation manner has remarkable effects on the output and efficiency of the PV panels. The wind loads on roof-mounted PV panels are examined in this study by considering two different heights for the building and different span lengths based on two loading standards; ASCE 7-16 and TS498, and the results and accuracy of each result are evaluated. Additionally, 64 rooftop PV panel mounting systems were developed to investigate the effects of factors including beam span length, load resisting system, column arrangement, available roof area, and required spacing between arrays. Deflection of the beams, cost of the mounting systems, weight of the mounting systems, and aesthetics of the building after installing PV panels are evaluated in this study.