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Journal articles on the topic 'Photovoltaic power systems Mathematical models'
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1
Manuel Godinho Rodrigues, Eduardo, Radu Godina, Mousa Marzband, and Edris Pouresmaeil. "Simulation and Comparison of Mathematical Models of PV Cells with Growing Levels of Complexity." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112902.
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The amount of energy generated from a photovoltaic installation depends mainly on two factors—the temperature and solar irradiance. Numerous maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques have been developed for photovoltaic systems. The challenge is what method to employ in order to obtain optimum operating points (voltage and current) automatically at the maximum photovoltaic output power in most conditions. This paper is focused on the structural analysis of mathematical models of PV cells with growing levels of complexity. The main objective is to simulate and compare the characteristic current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) curves of equivalent circuits of the ideal PV cell model and, with one and with two diodes, that is, equivalent circuits with five and seven parameters. The contribution of each parameter is analyzed in the particular context of a given model and then generalized through comparison to a more complex model. In this study the numerical simulation of the models is used intensively and extensively. The approach utilized to model the equivalent circuits permits an adequate simulation of the photovoltaic array systems by considering the compromise between the complexity and accuracy. By utilizing the Newton–Raphson method the studied models are then employed through the use of Matlab/Simulink. Finally, this study concludes with an analysis and comparison of the evolution of maximum power observed in the models.
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Vaskov, A. G., N. Y. Mozder, and A. F. Narynbaev. "Modelling of Solar-Diesel Hybrid Power Plant." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1211, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1211/1/012011.
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Abstract The article highlights the problems of distributed energy generation and focuses on solar-diesel hybrid power plant modelling and optimization. Designing power systems based on renewable energy sources includes a very relevant task of building mathematical models of such systems and their elements. The article presents an approach and definition of mathematical models describing photovoltaic-diesel (PV-D) hybrid power system elements used in decision making processes as a part of PV-D operation control. An overview of PV module output power, performance and temperature models is given. Along with the analysis of the specific fuel consumption dependencies on the operating power of the diesel generator, an example of diesel power plant unit commitment is shown.
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Batsala, Ya V., I. V. Hlad, I. I. Yaremak, and O. I. Kiianiuk. "Mathematical model for forecasting the process of electric power generation by photoelectric stations." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 1 (2021): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-1/111.
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Purpose. Improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power plants in power systems by creating a model for forecasting the amount of electricity produced in the form of a harmonic function and determining the prospects for using the selected mathematical software to develop software applications. Methodology. To determine the amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic plants per day and year, statistical methods are applied using the harmonic function which allows taking into account the main meteorological factors of power change of photomodules. A technique is proposed for taking into account the level of generation by photovoltaic stations to track changes in voltage levels in the connection nodes. Findings. Mathematical models for forecasting the electricity generation of photovoltaic stations for different time ranges are built. The influence of weather factors, the length of daylight and the structure of the local generation system on the level of electricity generated by photovoltaic plants is investigated. Necessity is conditioned to use a harmonic function for forecasting the amount of electricity produced, which improves the efficiency of calculations for new and existing power plants. Originality. The factors of the influence of daylight hours and cloudiness on the level of electricity generation by photovoltaic stations are taken into account, as well as meteorological data that make it possible to predict the value of the amount of electricity generated for a certain period of time. The dependences of the amount of generated electricity by photovoltaic stations are obtained in the form of a harmonious function with reference to a coefficient that takes into account the cloud level for predicting generation volumes. Practical value. Created mathematical models of forecasting by means of harmonic function and analysis of voltage change in nodes of local networks allow increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic stations, simplify calculation of change of levels of voltages in a electric network, the forecasted values of the generated electric power on the day ahead system on the basis of duration of the light day, meteorological data and other external factors at commissioning of photovoltaic stations.
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Idzkowski, Adam, Karolina Karasowska, and Wojciech Walendziuk. "Analysis of Three Small-Scale Photovoltaic Systems Based on Simulation and Measurement Data." Proceedings 51, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020051019.
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Sunlight is converted into electrical energy due to the photovoltaic effect in photovoltaic arrays. The energy yield of photovoltaic systems depends on the solar array location, orientation, tilt, tracking and local weather conditions. Currently, simulation software is most often used to analyze the operation of photovoltaic (PV) systems and to estimate the energy yield. In this article, the differences in energy yield calculations given by the simulation software and the measured data are determined. The analysis was carried out based on mathematical models and real measurement data, regarding the dependence of the average temperature of PV arrays on variable and difficult to predict ambient conditions. For the purpose of this analysis, thermal models for flat-plate photovoltaic arrays were used. The photovoltaic installations PV1, PV2a and PV2b, belonging to the hybrid power plant of the Bialystok University of Technology in Poland, were indicated as the data source. There is no universal mathematical model to determine the average temperature of the PV modules for every type of the installation with a small normalized root-mean-squared error. The Skoplaki model proved to be the best method in the case of a free-standing solar system. On the other hand, the data values obtained from building integrated installations were better modeled by a method which used parameters under NOCT (Normal Operating Cell Temperature) conditions.
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Obukhov, S. G. "A NEW METHOD FOR DETERMINING PARAMETERSOF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE BASED ON THE DATAFROM TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 19, no. 1 (39) (March 28, 2022): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022no1/55-64.
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In the given article the methodology of making a photovoltaic module mathematical model is presented, which lets reproduce its energy characteristics in real operating conditions. Also, the major types of mathematical models of photovoltaic converters are discussed and most well-known estimation methods of their parameters are analyzed. An original and simple way of parameters definition of photovoltaic module is introduced based on the technical specification data without using programming and developing numerical estimation algorithms. The suggested method is easily realized in the tabular program Excel with installed tool «Search for solutions». The simulation results of volt-ampere characteristic (V-I curve) of photovoltaic module Kyocera KC200GT are presented in a wide variation range of temperature and illumination. In addition, an accuracy evaluation is made by comparing the model characteristics and experimental data. The model was tested on a number of photovoltaic modules and proved good modeling results compliance with manufacturer’s data. The model provides a high modeling accuracy around MPP (maximum power point). This fact allows touse it for development of effective algorithms for photovoltaic power stations controllers, circuit design advancement of converting devices, prediction of power generation, operating modes analysis and optimization for photovoltaic systems
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Tugay, D. V., S. I. Korneliuk, O. O. Shkurpela, and V. S. Akimov. "Simulation of industrial solar photovoltaic station with transformerless converter system." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 5 (2020): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-5/073.
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Purpose. Creation of a detailed model of a solar photovoltaic station with a converter system based on a cascaded multi-level inverter with the MPPT (maximum power point tracker) function to investigate its operating modes in distributed power systems. Methodology. To carry out the research, the paper used the methods of system synthesis, mathematical and computer modeling to create photovoltaic station models and components; a physical experiment in obtaining thermal characteristics of the photovoltaic module Solarday SDM72360 W; modern power theories for synthesis of the vector control system of a multi-level inverter. Findings. the Matlab-model of solar photovoltaic station with transformerless 29-level cascade voltage inverter is synthesized. The model confirmed the serviceability and efficiency of the converter system and the power plant as a whole. An algorithm is proposed and an MPP tracker with volt-ampere characteristics of the photovoltaic module, which corresponds to the maximum power extraction, is synthesized on the basis of the algorithm. The algorithm was validated by the model for any solar radiation intensity. Originality. The total mathematical model of the photoelectric module, which accounts for its energy and heat characteristics, is obtained and can be used for simulating the operation of any computer model of the photoelectric converter under Matlab/Simulink/SimPowerSystems environment. Practical value. The model results indicate the prospects of industrial implementation of transformerless multi-level converter systems to be used in the structure of powerful solar photovoltaic stations.
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Anurag, Anup, Satarupa Bal, and Suman Sourav. "A Comparative Study of Mathematical Modeling of Photovoltaic Array." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2013-0115.
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Abstract This paper provides a detailed and comprehensive study of various models of photovoltaic (PV) array which have been formulated previously in the literature, using the datasheet parameters. In this paper, comparisons of the models have been made on basis of the MPP tracking, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) from the experimental data, the Fill Factor (FF), the efficiency of the model and the time required for simulation. Further, the resemblance with the actual P–V and I–V curves, as obtained on the basis of experimental data, has also been included in this analysis. On the basis of all these, the best model that can be used for simulation purposes, keeping in mind the necessary factors for a particular application, can be selected. It is envisaged that the work can be very useful for professionals who require simple and accurate PV simulators for their design. This paper is also intended to be a useful tool for the beginners who require a clear and logical insight regarding the working and modeling of PV cells. All the systems here are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
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Abd El-Aal, Abou El-Maaty M., Jürgen Schmid, Jochen Bard, and Peter Caselitz. "Modeling and Optimizing the Size of the Power Conditioning Unit for Photovoltaic Systems." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 1 (March 9, 2005): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2148978.
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Photovoltaic (PV) systems, grid-connected or stand-alone, use the power conditioning unit (PCU) to optimize the energy transfer from the PV generator to the user load by using the maximum power point tracker, and also to invert, regulate, and wave shape the power between the components of the system. To study and optimize this system, different PCU models are applied. In this work different empirical models of the PCU have been set up. The purpose of this investigation is to verify the possibility of the PCU application to this system and study the different mathematical energy efficiency models. All these models have been simulated and compared with a typical real system to show which one is better. The second part of the paper includes the optimal size of the PCU with the PV system and also an application comparison between two possible locations for varied geographical latitudes, in Kassel/Germany (middle Europe) and Cairo/Egypt (North Africa).
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Shevchenko, S. Yu, D. O. Danylchenko, S. Yu Bilyk, A. E. Potryvai, and G. A. Kovtun. "Considering the effect of dustiness of a photovoltaic module surfaces on solar power generation by matlab software." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2021-4-5.
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Purpose. Improving the simulation model of a solar power plant by creating a block model for accounting for dustiness of the surface of photovoltaic modules when calculating the efficiency of electric power generation by a solar power plant.
Methodology. Use of statistical data processing methods and modeling in the structure of Matlab tools.
Findings. A mathematical model was created, which made it possible to take into account the influence of dustiness of the surface of photovoltaic modules on the efficiency of electric power generation by a solar power station. The model was tested on the real object and the accuracy of modeling was proved.
Originality. The scientific novelty is to create mathematical models that describe the effect of dust on the surface of photovoltaic modules on the efficiency of solar station generation based on the Bouguer-Lambert-Behr law, the blocks of precipitation influence on dust were developed, and the rate of dust accumulation was corrected by taking into account the air humidity.
Practical value. The obtained results will help to improve the accuracy of modeling of all types of photovoltaic systems. These models can be used as the formation of commercial proposals with more accurate schedules of electric power generation, which can significantly increase the accuracy of the choice of rated capacity of equipment.
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Camargo, José Rui, Jamir Machado da Silva, Ederaldo Godoy Junior, Renan Eduardo da Silva, Luiz Eduardo Nicolini do Patrocínio Nunes, and Fabio Silva Rezende. "Direct Thermoelectric Microgeneration Using Residual Heat of Photovoltaic System." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.97.
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All photovoltaic panel heats up when exposed to sunlight and this heating reduces the electrical power output of the same. This work presents the use of this unwanted waste heat, converting it into thermal energy directly by means of the Seebeck effect, which is the direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy by means of an arrangement of semiconductor materials that when exposed to temperature gradients generate electric current. In this work emphasis was placed on the influence of temperature on generation processes involved. Thus, the theoretical evaluation, it presents the mathematical models of thermoelectric and photovoltaic systems by raising the curves of voltage, current and electric power generated, and analyses the influence of temperature in each model. To obtain the simulation curves it uses MATLAB ® 5.3, taking into account the parameters of thermoelectric modules and real photovoltaic cells. In practical evaluation, a prototype was assembled containing thermoelectric module attached to the bottom of a photovoltaic panel in order to use the heat energy absorbed by the panel. The data were stored and analyzed, where we observed the influence of temperature in both systems, validating the mathematical modeling. It is the applicability of the mathematical model given the results obtained with the prototype system.
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Mohamed, I. "Solar Hydrogen System Configuration Using Genetic Algorithms." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v1i1.103.
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For standalone power supply systems based on solar hydrogen technology to work efficiently, the photovoltaic generator and electrolyser stack have to be configured so that they produce the needed amount of hydrogen in order for the fuel cell to produce sufficient power to operate the load. This paper discusses how genetic algorithms were applied to optimise the design of the photovoltaic generator and electrolyser combination by searching for the best configuration in terms of number parallel and series PV modules, number of electrolyser cells, and cell surface area. First, a mathematical simulation model based on the current-voltage PV characteristics and the polarisation characteristics of the electrolyser was developed. The models parameters were obtained by fitting the mathematical models to experimental data. A genetic algorithm code was then developed. The code is based on the PV and electrolyser models as an evaluation measure for the fitness of the solutions generated. Results are presented confirming the effectiveness of using the genetic algorithm technique for solar hydrogen system configuration.
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Kuznetsov, Pavel, Leonid Yuferev, Dmitry Voronin, Vladimir A. Panchenko, Michał Jasiński, Arsalan Najafi, Zbigniew Leonowicz, Vadim Bolshev, and Luigi Martirano. "Methods Improving Energy Efficiency of Photovoltaic Systems Operating under Partial Shading." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 10696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210696.
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This article is devoted to the relevant problem of increasing the efficiency of PV systems. The presented analysis discusses the available methods for improving the power generation of PV modules under partial shading. Mathematical models for power loss calculation were compiled based on the results of this analysis. The proposed approach minimizes the negative impact of partial shading on the energy production of PV modules. It is based on the equalization of voltages of parallel-connected arrays of modules by installing additional power elements in them. The proposed solution is promising for various areas; it allows for the minimization of the unfavorable influence of existing urban objects (buildings, trees, communications, etc.) on the energy efficiency of PV modules. The obtained results are useful for the sustainable development of the urban environment in the context of digital transformation. They are the basis for the promising methodology of the parametric optimization of power plants using renewable energy sources.
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Zhao, Juan, Yujun Zhang, Shuijia Li, Yufei Wang, Yuxin Yan, and Zhengming Gao. "A chaotic self-adaptive JAYA algorithm for parameter extraction of photovoltaic models." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 6 (2022): 5638–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022264.
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<abstract> <p>In order to have the highest efficiency in real-life photovoltaic power generation systems, how to model, optimize and control photovoltaic systems has become a challenge. The photovoltaic power generation systems are dominated by photovoltaic models, and its performance depends on its unknown parameters. However, the modeling equation of the photovoltaic model is nonlinear, leading to the difficulty in parameter extraction. To extract the parameters of the photovoltaic model more accurately and efficiently, a chaotic self-adaptive JAYA algorithm, called AHJAYA, was proposed, where various improvement strategies are introduced. First, self-adaptive coefficients are introduced to change the priority of information from the best search agent and the worst search agent. Second, by combining the linear population reduction strategy with the chaotic opposition-based learning strategy, the convergence speed of the algorithm is improved as well as avoid falling into local optimum. To verify the performance of the AHJAYA, four photovoltaic models are selected. The experimental results prove that the proposed AHJAYA has superior performance and strong competitiveness.</p> </abstract>
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Idzkowski, Adam, Karolina Karasowska, and Wojciech Walendziuk. "Temperature Analysis of the Stand-Alone and Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems Based on Simulation and Measurement Data." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 4274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164274.
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Sunlight is converted into electrical energy due to the photovoltaic effect in photovoltaic cells. Energy yield of photovoltaic systems depends on the solar array location, orientation, tilt, tracking and local weather conditions. In order to determine the amount of energy produced in a photovoltaic system, it is important to analyze the operation of the photovoltaic (PV) arrays in real operating conditions and take into account the impact of external factors such as irradiance, ambient temperature or the speed of blowing wind, which is the natural coolant of PV panels. The analysis was carried out based on mathematical models and actual measurement data, regarding the dependence of the average temperature of PV arrays on variable and difficult to predict ambient conditions. The analysis used standard (nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT)), King, Skoplaki, Faiman and Mattei thermal models and the standard model for flat-plate photovoltaic arrays. Photovoltaic installations PV1, PV2a and PV2b, being part of the hybrid power plant of the Bialystok University of Technology, Poland, were the objects of the research. In the case of a free-standing solar system, the Skoplaki model proved to be the best method for determining the average temperatures of the PV arrays. For building-integrated PV systems, a corrected value of the mounting coefficient in the Skoplaki model was proposed, and the original results were compared. The comparison of the accuracy measures of the average operating temperatures for three micro-power plants, differently mounted and located, is presented.
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Hamidi, Faiçal, Severus Constantin Olteanu, Dumitru Popescu, Houssem Jerbi, Ingrid Dincă, Sondess Ben Aoun, and Rabeh Abbassi. "Model Based Optimisation Algorithm for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Photovoltaic Panels." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 4798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184798.
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Extracting maximum energy from photovoltaic (PV) systems at varying conditions is crucial. It represents a problem that is being addressed by researchers who are using several techniques to obtain optimal outcomes in real-life scenarios. Among the many techniques, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is one category that is not extensively researched upon. MPPT uses mathematical models to achieve gradient optimisation in the context of PV panels. This study proposes an enhanced maximisation problem based on gradient optimisation techniques to achieve better performance. In the context of MPPT in photovoltaic panels, an equality restriction applies, which is solved by employing the Dual Lagrangian expression. Considering this dual problem and its mathematical form, the Nesterov Accelerated Gradient (NAG) framework is used. Additionally, since it is challenging to ascertain the step size, its approximate value is taken using the Adadelta approach. A basic MPPT framework, along with a DC-to-DC convertor, was simulated to validate the results.
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Sriharibabu, A., and G. Srinivasa Rao. "MPPT Design for Photo Voltaic Energy System Using Backstepping Control with a Neural Compensator." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.24 (November 27, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.24.21872.
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It is very important to have maximum power point trackers for photo voltaic systems to improve their efficiency. This paper deals with the converter based maximum power point tracking by robust backstepping controller along with the neural network. The neural network provides the output reference PV voltage to the backstepping controller. Back propagation neural network is used for a standalone photovoltaic system under robust environmental conditions. Unlike Conventional solar-array mathematical model, neural network does not require any physical data for modeling since it has the superior potential to derive non-linear models without requiring the physical data of the models. In this paper the maximum power point of photovoltaic module is predicted with the simulation trained back-propagation neural network using a random set of data collected from a real photovoltaic array. The neural network based PV system with backstepping controller is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink. At different atmospheric conditions the developed model is simulated. The simulation results of PV system depict that with the proposed converter based controller, the maximum power is tracked accurately and successfully.
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Issa, H. I., H. J. Mohammed, L. M. Abdali, A. G. Al Bairmani, and M. Ghachim. "Mathematical Modeling and Controller for PV System by Using MPPT Algorithm." Bulletin of Kalashnikov ISTU 24, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2021-1-96-101.
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In this research, the study theory of system includes the use of an important source of renewable energy sources (solar source) and linking this system with an electrical load. The world is witnessing a significant rise in fossil fuel prices since the ending of the 20th century and now, this rise in price increases with the decrease in inventory day after day. Therefore, it turned that the field of attention to researchers of power generation to expand in non-conventional energy sources (new and renewable energy sources).New and renewable energy is inexhaustible in use because they rely on renewable natural resources. The mathematical model is an important part of the detailed study for PV systems. As well as study models for photovoltaic systems via the MATLAB/Simulink, this programming environment contains many models for renewable systems intended to perform simulation and analysis.Solar cells system needs to apply the MPPT algorithm due to the instability of external circumstances such as solar radiation and temperature.At a constant temperature of 25 °C, as the radiation level increases, the current and voltage of the module increase, this leads to an increase in output power. At a constant radiation level of 100 W/m2, as the module temperature increases, the current increases and the voltage decreases, this causes the output power to decrease. The maximum power is reached at 17 V and 3.5 A by the MPPT method. The Perturb and Observe algorithm is used to achieve maximum power.
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Bal, Satarupa, Anup Anurag, Mrutyunjaya Nanda, and Suman Sourav. "Comprehensive Analysis and Experimental Validation of an Improved Mathematical Modeling of Photovoltaic Array." Advances in Power Electronics 2015 (January 13, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/654092.
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This paper proposes a simple, accurate, and easy to model approach for the simulation of photovoltaic (PV) array and also provides a comparative analysis of the same with two other widely used models. It is highly imperative that the maximum power point (MPP) is achieved effectively and thus a simple and robust mathematical model is necessary that poses less mathematical complexity as well as low data storage requirement, in which the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm can be realized in an effective way. Further, the resemblance of the P-V and I-V curves as obtained on the basis of experimental data should also be taken into account for theoretical validation. In addition, the study incorporates the root mean square deviation (RMSD) from the experimental data, the fill factor (FF), the efficiency of the model, and the time required for simulation. Two models have been used to investigate the I-V and P-V characteristics. Perturb and Observe method has been adopted for MPPT. The MPP tracking is realized using field programmable gate array (FPGA) to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach. All the systems are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
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D., OSTRENKO, and KOLLAROV O. "Design and development of the photovoltaic station of Donetsk National Technical University." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 25, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2021-2-53-61.
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This article considers the principle of creation and operation of a stand called "Photovoltaic Station", which is located on the basis of "Donetsk National Technical University" in Pokrovsk. The mathematical model of this stand is also given. The purpose of this study is to analyze the operation of a real solar power plant and develop a mathematical model to predict the results that will be obtained when working with a physical model. The article uses both empirical research methods: description, measurements, experiment and comparison, and theoretical - formalization. To achieve the main task in the work the following stages are performed: Development of constructive decisions concerning change of an angle of inclination of solar panels; Improving models of graphical programming of photovoltaic systems using artificial intelligence; Forecasting the results of the solar panel using neural networks; Identifying the value of the efficiency of photovoltaic installations that use optimized parameters. The results of such a system will allow additions to the topology of the artificial neural network, which will help determine the correct direction of the neural network. The correct direction of the artificial neural network means the case when the difference between the objective function and the output of the neural network tends to converge. The paper presents the method of selection and parameters of the main elements of the installation, block diagrams, electrical diagrams and models of the developed structures. A mathematical model of the stand was developed and modeled in the Matlab software package. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the mathematical model has the same properties as a real photovoltaic station and can be used in the future to model accidents and pre-accidents in the electrical network. It was also concluded that it is important to pay attention to the architecture and method of neural network training in this power system.
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Fahim, Samuel R., Hany M. Hasanien, Rania A. Turky, Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem, and Martin Ćalasan. "A Comprehensive Review of Photovoltaic Modules Models and Algorithms Used in Parameter Extraction." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 8941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238941.
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Currently, solar energy is one of the leading renewable energy sources that help support energy transition into decarbonized energy systems for a safer future. This work provides a comprehensive review of mathematical modeling used to simulate the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The meteorological parameters that influence the performance of PV modules are also presented. Various deterministic and probabilistic mathematical modeling methodologies have been investigated. Moreover, the metaheuristic methods used in the parameter extraction of diode models of the PV equivalent circuits are addressed in this article to encourage the adoption of algorithms that can predict the parameters with the highest precision possible. With the significant increase in the computational power of workstations and personal computers, soft computing algorithms are expected to attract more attention and dominate other algorithms. The different error expressions used in formulating objective functions that are employed in extracting the parameters of PV models are comprehensively expressed. Finally, this work aims to develop a comprehensive layout for the previous, current, and possible future areas of PV module modeling.
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Abdelaziz, Aouiche, Aouiche El Moundher, Aouiche Chaima, and Djellab Hanane. "Identification of Photovoltaic Panel MPPT Using Neuro-Fuzzy Model." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 24, no. 5-6 (December 31, 2022): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.245-606.
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A photovoltaic (PV) panel produces energy that is influenced by external factors including temperature, irradiation, and the fluctuations in the load related to it. The PV system should perform at maximum power point (MPP) in order to adjust towards the rapidly increasing interest in energy. Because of the changing climatic conditions, it becomes has a limited efficiency. In order to maximize the PV system's efficiency, a maximum power point technique is necessary. In the present paper a maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic (PV) panel is designed and simulated to optimize system performance, accurate synthesis model based on the hybrid neural fuzzy systems is proposed to directly obtain the MPP. So, photovoltaic panel (PV) is analyzed with the mathematical model to obtain the training data. Three cases were used to test the identification of the structure proposed. The results show neuro-fuzzy (Sugeno Model) used were efficient in modeling the MPP of our PV panel. The Mean square error (MSE) is used as the fitness function to guarantee that the MSE is small, the algorithm synthesis model is validated by the MPP PV Panel analysis, simulation, and measurements. Neuro-fuzzy models is presented throughout this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method of training suggested.
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Li, Shengshan, Ming Li, and Liangliang Liu. "Modeling and stability study of a high frequency and high efficiency photovoltaic DC boost converter." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-194056.
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Many practical photovoltaic power generation systems with higher output voltage levels rely on photovoltaic DC boost converters with high frequency and high efficiency, which performance directly affect the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation systems. This paper investigates a high-frequency and high-efficiency photovoltaic DC boost converter, which adopts the Boost full-bridge isolation circuit topology with active clamps. The conductance increment method is used as the maximum power point tracking algorithm. The small signal models of its power circuit and control circuit are established to obtain the system model and analyze its stability. The simulation results indicate that the ripple coefficient of output current is less than 3%, and the ripple coefficient of output voltage is less than 5%, which meets the stability requirements.
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Moulay, Fatima, Assia Habbati, and Abdelkader Lousdad. "The Design and Simulation of a Photovoltaic System Connected to the Grid Using a Boost Converter." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 55, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.550309.
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The objective of this paper is to present the modelling and simulation of the PV generation system connected to the network under MATLAB/Simulink. Firstly, a mathematical model of the Photovoltaic Module is developed taking meteorological data namely the irradiance and temperature as input variables needed to model this device. The output can be current, voltage or power. The model allows the prediction of the behavior and characteristics of the PV module based on the equivalent circuit of the mathematical model under different temperatures and solar radiation readings. Secondly the PV array is connected to the boost DC-DC converter, the control systems based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) with P&O algorithm helps the PV array to generate the maximum power to the grid in case of changing weather conditions, then in the third step, it is integrated into AC power grid by DC/AC inverter to control active and reactive power to achieve unity power factor which is validated by satisfactory results. In this paper, different cases are simulated and the results verified the validity of the models.
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Dec, Grzegorz, Grzegorz Drałus, Damian Mazur, and Bogdan Kwiatkowski. "Forecasting Models of Daily Energy Generation by PV Panels Using Fuzzy Logic." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061676.
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This paper contains studies of daily energy production forecasting methods for photovoltaic solar panels (PV panel) by using mathematical methods and fuzzy logic models. Mathematical models are based on analytic equations that bind PV panel power with temperature and solar radiation. In models based on fuzzy logic, we use Adaptive-network-based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) and the zero-order Takagi-Sugeno model (TS) with specially selected linear and non-linear membership functions. The use of mentioned membership functions causes that the TS system is equivalent to a polynomial and its properties can be compared to other analytical models of PV panels found in the literature. The developed models are based on data from a real system. The accuracy of developed prognostic models is compared, and a prototype software implementing the best-performing models is presented. The software is written for a generic programmable logic controller (PLC) compliant to the IEC 61131-3 standard.
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Konovalov, Yu V., and A. N. Khaziev. "Insolation calculations of a photovoltaic power plant taking into account location-based and weather parameters." iPolytech Journal 26, no. 3 (October 8, 2022): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2022-3-439-450.
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In this study, we set out to develop a methodology for calculating insolation of a photovoltaic power plant taking into account the maximum number of significant input parameters and its territorial adaptation. To this end, simulation modelling implemented in the MATLAB environment was used. Functional possibilities for the synthesis of models using existing elements with the integration of algorithms and modelling results between the blocks of the Simulink sub-system were used. In terms of significant input parameters, geographical coordinates, local time, tilt of the receiving solar panel, modelled day, atmospheric transparency coefficient, albedo and azimuthal angle were considered. A computer model of a photovoltaic power plant was developed for investigating the operation of photovoltaic cells depending on the coordinates of their installation, geometric parameters of solar panels, as well as the temperature and reflectivity of the environment. The performed modelling of the photovoltaic power plant operation visualised graphic dependences of insolation on the tilt of the solar panel, atmospheric transparency coefficient, geographical coordinates of the object and the current month or day. According to the analysis, 15 variations in the solar panel tilt modifies insolation by 10–15%, while variations in the atmospheric transparency coefficient result in 30–50% variations of insolation. As a result, the daily insolation values for the city of Angarsk throughout a year can be modified by 1000–6500 W/m2. The presented results of investigating a regionally adapted photovoltaic power plant demonstrated the need for accounting for location-based and weather parameters during the calculation of insolation for determining the applicability of a plant. The proposed mathematical model for calculating insolation of a photovoltaic power plant can be used for the design and optimization of power supply systems in combination with the specified photovoltaic solar power plants.
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Trejos-Grisales, Luz Adriana, Juan David Bastidas-Rodríguez, and Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja. "Mathematical Model for Regular and Irregular PV Arrays with Improved Calculation Speed." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 10684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410684.
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Photovoltaic (PV) systems are usually developed by configuring the PV arrays with regular connection schemes, such as series-parallel, total cross-tied, bridge-linked, among others. Such a strategy is aimed at increasing the power that is generated by the PV system under partial shading conditions, since the power production changes depending on the connection scheme. Moreover, irregular and non-common connection schemes could provide higher power production for irregular (but realistic) shading conditions that aere caused by threes or other objects. However, there are few mathematical models that are able to predict the power production of different configurations and reproduce the behavior of both regular and irregular PV arrays. Those general array models are slow due to the large amount of computations that are needed to find the PV current for a given PV voltage. Therefore, this paper proposes a general mathematical model to predict the power production of regular and irregular PV arrays, which provides a faster calculation in comparison with the general models that were reported in the literature, but without reducing the prediction accuracy. The proposed modeling approach is based on detecting the inflection points that are caused by the bypass diodes activation, which enables to narrow the range in which the modules voltages are searched, thus reducing the calculation time. Therefore, this fast model is useful in designing the fixed connections of PV arrays that are subjected to shading conditions, in order to reconfigure the PV array in real-time, depending on the shading pattern, among other applications. The proposed solution is validated by comparing the results with another general model and with a circuital implementation of the PV system.
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Fudholi, Ahmad, Muhammad Zohri, Ivan Taslim, Merita Ayu Indrianti, and Intan Noviantari Manyoe. "Theoretical approach model of building integrated photovoltaic thermal air collector." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp1002-1010.
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Over recent years the photovoltaic technology has obtained significant development, especially in building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) system. Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air collectors are advantageous because of their efficiency. Various studies have been conducted to determine the ideal parameters of PVT air collectors. Few theoretical approach models of PVT air collector systems were used to help detect occurrences in a PVT collector system and calculate the optimal parameters. The heat transfer and energy balance of PVT air collectors were analysed and reviewed based on the model, quantity of cover, channels and forms of the collector. A mathematical model was developed to describe actual working situations and to examine new shut PVT collectors. The first law of thermodynamics is the principal equation in the model. Different analysis methods were utilised to evaluate PVT performances, which are generally based on energy and exergy analyses. This review focuses on theoretical approach model of single-pass PVT air collector.
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Riaño, Cristhian, Elkin Florez, and Cesar Peña. "Sizing of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind Energy Systems Based on Local Data Acquisition." Ingeniería y Ciencia 17, no. 33 (May 12, 2021): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ingciencia.17.33.6.
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Although there are different alternatives to provide energy, there are still remote regions with no nearby possibilities of having an electricity supply that meets their basic needs. Colombia, like many countries, does not have uniform environmental conditions; therefore, applying models for the dimensioning of energy systems based on renewable energy can be inefficient and expensive, making it difficult to access electricity in isolated places. The research aims to develop a sizing strategy for a hybrid system based on locally acquired environmental information to size a system that takes advantage of the natural resources available in the local in the best possible way. Information is collected through a data acquisition system on local environmental conditions, system requirements are established based on energy demand, and a mathematical model is sought that represents the electrical behavior. The model makes it possible to analyze the system’s behavior under variable environmental conditions in the region, thus guaranteeing an adequate dimensioning for a constant supply of low-power energy suitable for residential use. This article presents an alternative to characterize a hybrid power generation system (photovoltaic/wind turbine) through data collected on-site, which, when properly processed, allows the dimensioning of a more appropriate hybrid system to the environmental conditions the environment. The system was implemented in an experimental farm of the University of Pamplona located in the north of Colombia. Based on this strategy, a hybrid system was designed and installed to meet energy demands efficiently.
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Ontiveros, Joel J., Carlos D. Ávalos, Faustino Loza, Néstor D. Galán, and Guillermo J. Rubio. "Evaluation and Design of Power Controller of Two-Axis Solar Tracking by PID and FL for a Photovoltaic Module." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (July 17, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813732.
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Solar trackers represent an essential tool to increase the energy production of photovoltaic modules compared to fixed systems. Unlike previous technologies where the aim is to keep the solar rays perpendicular to the surface of the module and obtain a constant output power, this paper proposes the design and evaluation of two controllers for a two-axis solar tracker, which maintains the power that is produced by photovoltaic modules at their nominal value. To achieve this, mathematical models of the dynamics of the sun, the solar energy obtained on the Earth’s surface, the two-axis tracking system in its electrical and mechanical parts, and the solar cell are developed and simulated. Two controllers are designed to be evaluated in the solar tracking system, one Proportional-Integral-Derivative and the other by Fuzzy Logic. The evaluation of the simulations shows a better performance of the controller by Fuzzy Logic; this is because it presents a shorter stabilization time, a transient of smaller amplitude, and a lower percentage of error in steady-state. The principle of operation of the solar tracking system is to promote the orientation conditions of the photovoltaic module to generate the maximum available power until reaching the nominal one. This is possible because it has a gyroscope on the surface of the module that determines its position with respect to the hour angle and altitude of the sun; a data acquisition card is developed to implement voltage and current sensors, which measure the output power it produces from the photovoltaic module throughout the day and under any weather conditions. The results of the implementation demonstrate that a Fuzzy Logic control for a two-axis solar tracker maintains the output power of the photovoltaic module at its nominal parameters during peak sun hours.
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MAYOROV, VLADIMIR, ALEKSEY SVIRIDOV, and YULIYA LOPATINA. "ASSEMBLY TECHNOLOGY OF PVT-MODULES BASED ON 3D-TECHNOLOGIES." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 4, no. 41 (December 2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-4-44-50.
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The main task in the development of concentrating systems is in reducing the inhomogeneous distribution of illumination over the focal spot, which determines the distribution of concentrated radiation on the receiver, which affects the efficiency of heat and photo converters. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in modeling for calculation, construction manufacturing and research of characteristics of a thermal photovoltaic module with specified energy parameters. (Materials and methods) The article considers new thermal photovoltaic modules that include photodetectors and concentrators that provide efficient conversion of solar energy into heat. The research is based on mathematical modeling techniques using the laws of photoelectricity, geometric optics, and heat and mass transfer. The computer-aided design system COMPASS-3D was used to create a prototype model of the solar module, and the FDM 3D printing technology was used to produce the resulting CAD models. Authors conducted bench and field tests of components and complexes of solar power systems in order to clarify the design parameters. (Results and discussion) During the study of a developed solar module with parabolic concentrators and a discrete photodetector with asymmetric profile, with a system of the coolant flow, physical and mathematical models on the basis of which was calculated: the structural parameters; the distribution of concentration of solar radiation across the width of the photodetector; dependences of the distribution of the heating temperature of the coolant over the profile of the photodetector. Authors designed a layout of the basic thermal photovoltaic module, in which the rounded lower part of the rotary rack fixed on the axis allows to create a rotation in the axial direction of the photodetector holders within ±20 degrees with a mechanism for fixing the adjusted position. (Conclusions) Based on the alignment carried out on the stand, the identical location of the receivers of concentrated solar radiation relative to the concentrators in the installation is preserved.
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Ramadan, Abdelhady, Salah Kamel, Ibrahim B. M. Taha, and Marcos Tostado-Véliz. "Parameter Estimation of Modified Double-Diode and Triple-Diode Photovoltaic Models Based on Wild Horse Optimizer." Electronics 10, no. 18 (September 19, 2021): 2308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182308.
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The increase in industrial and commercial applications of photovoltaic systems (PV) has a significant impact on the increase in interest in studying the improvement of the efficiency of these systems. Estimating the efficiency of PV is considered one of the most important problems facing those in charge of manufacturing these systems, which makes it interesting to many researchers. The difficulty in estimating the efficiency of PV is due to the high non-linear current–voltage characteristics and power–voltage characteristics. In addition, the absence of ample efficiency information in the manufacturers’ datasheets has led to the development of an effective electrical mathematical equivalent model necessary to simulate the PV module. In this paper, an application for an optimization algorithm named Wild Horse Optimizer (WHO) is proposed to extract the parameters of a double-diode PV model (DDM), modified double-diode PV model (MDDM), triple-diode PV model (TDM), and modified triple-diode PV model (MTDM). This study focuses on two main objectives. The first concerns comparing the original models (DDM and TDM) and their modification (MDDM and MTDM). The second concerns the algorithm behavior with the optimization problem and comparing this behavior with other recent algorithms. The evaluation process uses different methods, such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for accuracy and statistical analysis for robustness. Based on the results obtained by the WHO, the estimated parameters using the WHO are more accurate than those obtained by the other studied optimization algorithms; furthermore, the MDDM and MTDM modifications enhanced the original DDM and TDM efficiencies.
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Sener, Eralp, Irem Turk, Isil Yazar, and Tahir Hikmet Karakoç. "Solar powered UAV model on MATLAB/Simulink using incremental conductance MPPT technique." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-04-2019-0063.
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Purpose The aviation industry has started environment friendly and also conventional energy independent alternative energy dependent designs to reduce negative impacts on the nature and to maintain its future activities in a clear, renewable and sustainable way. One possible solution proposed is solar energy. Solar-powered aerial vehicles are seen as key solutions to reduce global warming effects. This study aims to simulate a mathematical model of a solar powered DC motor of an UAV on MATLAB/Simulink environment. Design/methodology/approach Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a critical term in photovoltaic (PV) array systems to provide the maximum power output to the related systems under certain conditions. In this paper, one of the popular MPPT techniques, “Incremental Conductance”, is simulated with solar-powered DC motor for an UAV design on MATLAB/Simulink. Findings The cascade structure (PV cell, MPPT, buck converter and DC motor models) is simulated and tested under various irradiance values, and results are compared to the DC motor technical data. As a result of that, mathematical model simulation results are overlapped with motor technical reference values in spite of irradiance changes. Practical implications It is suggested to be used in real time applications for future developments. Originality/value Different from other solar-powered DC motor literature works, a solar-powered DC motor mathematical model of an UAV is designed and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink environment. To adjust the maximum power output at the solar cell, incremental conductance MPPT technique is preferred and a buck converter structure is connected between MPPT and DC motor mathematical model. It is suggested to be used in solar-powered UAV designs for future developments.
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Ibrahim, Hussein, and Mazen Ghandour. "Optimization of Energy Management of a Microgrid Based on Solar-Diesel-Battery Hybrid System." MATEC Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817101006.
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Hybrid systems, which are composed of combinations of diesel generators, battery energy storage system and renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic, are outlined as a recommended approach for off grid power supply options for remote areas applications. Since these systems are not connected to an infinite source of energy, they must be well designed and controlled to satisfy the demand load. This study presents an efficient battery management strategy for the charging and discharging of the batteries in a hybrid renewable energy systems by controlling the energy flow between different components of the system. In order to simulate the developed battery management strategy, the components of the hybrid system are studied and modeled using mathematical models. During modeling of the battery storage system, the effects of aging and capacity degradation were taken into consideration. The simulation of the strategy was based on a case study, where it is validated to be functional. Finally, the optimization of the strategy has been done by working on its critical parameters.
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Keshavarzi, Morteza Daviran, and Mohd Hasan Ali. "Dynamic Performance Enhancement of Power Grids by Operating Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System as Supercapacitor Energy Storage." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 4277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144277.
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Energy storage devices are collocated with conventional solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to tackle the intermittency of solar irradiance and maintain the power quality of supplied energy. The energy storage system usually has its own conversion devices that may incur an extra capital cost of installation. This paper proposes an integrated and cost-effective photovoltaic-supercapacitor (PVSC) system in which the energy storage functionality of the supercapacitor (SC) is merged into the PV array where the power flow bidirectionally takes place to maintain the system stability under grid disturbances during the daytime, nighttime, and cloudy weather. A nonlinear mathematical model (NMM) was developed to conduct the stability analyses and to design the controller parameters, which facilitates a faster and more accurate numerical analysis compared to existing average models. The effectiveness of the proposed system was evaluated by simulation analysis and compared to that of the basic PV and a conventional SC system in which full energy storage is connected in parallel with the PV. The results demonstrate that the proposed PVSC system is effective in improving the dynamic performance of the connected power grid system. In addition, the proposed PVSC system fulfills the functionality of the conventional SC with merged conversion devices; that is, the performance of the proposed PVSC system is comparable to the conventional SC system.
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Gajewski, Piotr, and Krzysztof Pieńkowski. "Control of the Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Wind Turbine, Photovoltaic Panels and Battery Energy Storage." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061595.
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The aim of the paper is the study of the Hybrid Renewable Energy System, which is consisted of two types of renewable energy systems (wind and sun) and is combined with storage energy system (battery). The paper presents the classification and review of architectures of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems. The considered Hybrid Renewable Energy System was designed as a multi-converter system with gearless Wind Turbine driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and with a Photovoltaic Array and Battery Energy System. The mathematical models of individual elements of a complex Hybrid Renewable Energy System were described. In the control of both systems of Wind Turbine with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and Photovoltaic array, the algorithms of Maximum Power Point Tracking have been implemented for higher efficiency of energy conversion. The energy storage in the battery has been managed by the control system of a bidirectional DC/DC converter. For the control of the Machine Side Converter and Wind Turbine with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, the vector control method has been implemented. In the control system of the Grid Side Converter, the advanced method of Direct Power Control has been applied. The energy management strategies for optimal flows of electrical energy between individual systems of considered hybrid renewable energy system are developed and described. In order to determine the operation of proposed control systems, the simulation studies have been performed for different conditions of operation of individual elements of the complex hybrid system. The considered control methods and energy management strategies were tested thorough simulation studies for different wind speed variations, different sun irradiations, and different local load demands. The performed simulations are of practical importance in terms of proper operation requirements, design selection of components and energy management of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems.
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Wang, Jin, Yinke Dou, Guangyu Zuo, Musheng Lan, Xiaomin Chang, Bo Yang, Zhiheng Du, Miaoyuan Yu, and Qingyang Mao. "Application and effect analysis of renewable energy in a small standalone automatic observation system deployed in the polar regions." AIP Advances 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 125218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0128256.
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Considering the difficulty of power supply for automatic observation equipment in the polar regions, this paper introduced a small standalone renewable energy system with wind–solar co-generation as the energy supply scheme. Mathematical models were given, including solar photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, solar irradiance, wind energy density, and renewable energy assessment. ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis data were used to evaluate solar energy resources, and the synergistic effect of wind–solar resources on renewable energy was also analyzed and discussed. The system composition of the small standalone renewable energy system was proposed in this study. This system deployed near Zhongshan Station was taken as the object of investigation to analyze the operation performance of each component of the system in different months, and the technical feasibility of the system has also been verified. The results showed that the wind–solar resources in the polar regions had a synergistic effect, which can provide an effective and feasible scheme for the power supply of automatic observation equipment. Through research and analysis, it was found that each component of the renewable energy system, including photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and batteries, could meet the long-term power supply requirements of automatic observation regardless of the polar periods, polar day or polar night. This paper can not only provide theoretical and data support for the application of small independent renewable energy systems in the polar regions but also provide feasible solutions for clean energy supply of the systems and equipment for independent observation stations deployed in uninhabited islands and alpine regions.
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Zhao, Hongshan, Junyang Xu, Kunyu Xu, Jingjie Sun, and Yufeng Wang. "Optimal Allocation Method of Source and Storage Capacity of PV-Hydrogen Zero Carbon Emission Microgrid Considering the Usage Cost of Energy Storage Equipment." Energies 15, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 4916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134916.
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Aiming to meet the low-carbon demands of power generation in the process of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, this paper proposes an optimal PV-hydrogen zero carbon emission microgrid. The light–electricity–hydrogen coupling utilization mode is adopted. The hydrogen-based energy system replaces the carbon-based energy system to realize zero carbon emissions. Firstly, the mathematical models of photovoltaic, hydrogen and electric energy storage systems in a microgrid are built. Then, the optimal allocation model of the microgrid source storage capacity is established, and a scheduling strategy considering the minimum operational cost of energy storage equipment is proposed. The priority of equipment output is determined by comparing the operational costs of the hydrogen energy storage system and the electric energy storage system. Finally, the proposed scheme is compared with the scheduling scheme of the battery priority and the hydrogen energy system priority in an actual microgrid. It is verified that the scheme can ensure stable power-generating, zero carbon operation of a microgrid system while reducing the total annual power costs by 9.8% and 25.1%, respectively.
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Popławski, Tomasz, Sebastian Dudzik, Piotr Szeląg, and Janusz Baran. "A Case Study of a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) as a Data Acquisition Tool for PV Energy Forecasting." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 6200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196200.
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This article describes problems related to the operation of a virtual micro power plant at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FEE), Czestochowa University of Technology (CUT). In the era of dynamic development of renewable energy sources, it is necessary to create alternative electricity management systems for existing power systems, including power transmission and distribution systems. Virtual power plants (VPPs) are such an alternative. So far, there has been no unified standard for a VPP operation. The article presents components that make up the VPP at the FEE and describes their physical and logical structure. The presented solution is a combination of several units operating in the internal power grid of the FEE, i.e., wind turbines, energy storage (ES), photovoltaic panels (PV) and car charging stations. Their operation is coordinated by a common control system. One of the research goals described in the article is to optimize the operation of these components to minimize consumption of the electric energy from the external supply network. An analysis of data from the VPP management system was carried out to create mathematical models for prediction of the consumed power and the power produced by the PVs. These models allowed us to achieve the assumed objective. The article also presents the VPP data processing results in terms of detecting outliers and missing values. In addition to the issues discussed above, the authors also proposed to apply the Prophet model for short-term forecasting of the PV farm electricity production. It is a statistical model that has so far been used for social and business research. The authors implemented it effectively for technical analysis purposes. It was shown that the results of the PV energy production forecasting using the Prophet model are acceptable despite occurrences of missing data in the investigated time series.
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Park, Heejung. "Generation Capacity Expansion Planning Considering Hourly Dynamics of Renewable Resources." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 5626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215626.
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As more generation capacity using renewable sources is accommodated in the power system, methods to represent the uncertainty of renewable sources become more important, and stochastic models with different methods for uncertainty representation are introduced. This paper investigates the impacts of hourly variability representation of random variables on a stochastic generation capacity expansion planning model. In order to represent the hourly variability as well as uncertainty of the random parameters such as wind power availability, solar irradiance, and load, AutoRegressive-To-Anything (ARTA) stochastic process is applied. By using autocorrelations and marginal distributions of the random parameters, a stochastic process with hourly intervals is generated, where generated random sample paths are used for scenarios. A mathematical formulation using stochastic programming is presented, and a modified IEEE 300-bus system with transmission line constraints is employed to the mathematical model as a test system. Optimal generation capacity solutions obtained using GAMS/CPLEX are compared to the ones from the model only capturing the uncertainty and seasonal variability of the random parameters. The comparison results indicate that the economic value of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation may be overestimated in the case where the hourly variability is not reflected; thus, ignoring the hourly variability may lead to higher building costs and higher capacity of solar PV systems.
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Dubey, Swapnil, and Alison Subiantoro. "Numerical Study of Integrated Solar Photovoltaic–Thermal Module with a Refrigeration System for Air-Conditioning and Hot Water Production under the Tropical Climate Conditions of Singapore." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500219.
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Thermal systems of buildings in the tropics are highly energy intensive. In this study, a novel integrated solar photovoltaic–thermal–refrigeration (PVTR) system used to produce hot water and air-conditioning in the tropical climate conditions of Singapore was analyzed. A dynamic simulation model was formulated for the analysis. Mathematical models were developed for the PV sandwich attached with a solar flat plate collector and for the main components of the refrigeration system. Thorough investigation of the electrical and thermal performances of the system were conducted through the analysis of coefficient of performance (COP), cooling capacity, water temperature and heat capacity in water heater, photovoltaic (PV) module temperature and PV efficiency. The results show that attractive electrical and thermal performance can be achieved with a maximum annual cooling COP of 9.8 and a heating COP of 11.3. The PV efficiency and power saving were 14% and 53%, respectively. The annual cooling, heating and PV energy produced were 9.7, 15.6 and 1.6[Formula: see text]MWh, respectively. The financial payback period of the system was 3.2 years and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction annually was 12.6 tons of CO2 equivalents (tCO2e).
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Byamukama, Maximus, Geofrey Bakkabulindi, Roseline Akol, and Julianne Sansa-Otim. "New Techniques for Sizing Solar Photovoltaic Panels for Environment Monitoring Sensor Nodes." Journal of Sensors 2019 (August 27, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9835138.
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The development of perpetually powered sensor networks for environment monitoring to avoid periodic battery replacement and to ensure the network never goes offline due to power is one of the primary goals in sensor network design. In many environment-monitoring applications, the sensor network is internet-connected, making the energy budget high because data must be transmitted regularly to a server through an uplink device. Determining the optimal solar panel size that will deliver sufficient energy to the sensor network in a given period is therefore of primary importance. The traditional technique of sizing solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is based on balancing the solar panel power rating and expected hours of radiation in a given area with the load wattage and hours of use. However, factors like the azimuth and tilt angles of alignment, operating temperature, dust accumulation, intermittent sunshine and seasonal effects influencing the duration of maximum radiation in a day all reduce the expected power output and cause this technique to greatly underestimate the required solar panel size. The majority of these factors are outside the scope of human control and must be therefore be budgeted for using an error factor. Determining of the magnitude of the error factor to use is crucial to prevent not only undersizing the panel, but also to prevent oversizing which will increase the cost of operationalizing the sensor network. But modeling error factors when there are many parameters to consider is not trivial. Equally importantly, the concept of microclimate may cause any two nodes of similar specifications to have very different power performance when located in the same climatological zone. There is then a need to change the solar panel sizing philosophy for these systems. This paper proposed the use of actual observed solar radiation and battery state of charge data in a realistic WSN-based automatic weather station in an outdoor uncontrolled environment. We then develop two mathematical models that can be used to determine the required minimum solar PV wattage that will ensure that the battery stays above a given threshold given the weather patterns of the area. The predicted and observed battery state of charge values have correlations of 0.844 and 0.935 and exhibit Root Mean Square Errors of 9.2% and 1.7% for the discrete calculus model and the transfer function estimation (TFE) model respectively. The results show that the models perform very well in state of charge prediction and subsequent determination of ideal solar panel rating for sensor networks used in environment monitoring applications.
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Pikutis, Modestas. "TEMPERATURE EFFECT TO SOLAR POWER PLANT / TEMPERATŪROS ĮTAKA FOTOVOLTINEI JĖGAINEI." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 7, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.795.
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There are a lot of different efficiency photovoltaic cells, which are used in solar power plants. All of these different photovoltaic cells are affected by different environment conditions. Maximum power point tracking is the main way to increase solar power plant efficiency. Mostly systems of maximum power point tracking are slow or inaccurate, that means the system cannot stay in maximum power point in solar power plant. This is the main reason why mostly of solar power plants are working not efficiently. The use of real working solar power plant with aim to find more efficient control algorithms is very expensive and requires long development period. Mathematical modeling makes research and investigation faster. In this article a temperature changing block of photovoltaic module that can simulate temperature changing process for month or even a few years was proposed. This temperature block was used in a solar power plant model which was created in previous investigations. Now, solar power plant model has four structural blocks: solar irradiance block, temperature of photovoltaic module block, photovoltaic module block and controller block. IncCond algorithm is used for maximum power point tracking. Solar power plant model is implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. This model enables to analyze solar power plant working efficiency, when there are no clouds and the temperature is changing or stays constant. Fotovoltinėse jėgainėse naudojami įvairaus tipo skirtingo veikimo efektyvumo saulės elementai. Nors šie elementai pagal tipą ir efektyvumą skirtingi, tačiau visiems jiems didelę įtaką daro aplinkos sąlygos. Pagrindinė priemonė fotovoltinės jėgainės (FJ) efektyvumui didinti yra didžiausios galios taško sekimas (DGT). Dauguma valdiklių, skirtų didžiausios galios taškui sekti fotovoltinėje jėgainėje, yra lėti arba netikslūs – negali palaikyti fotovoltinės jėgainės didžiausios galios režimo. Tai pagrindinė fotovoltinės jėgainės neefektyvaus veikimo priežastis. Fotovoltinių jėgainių tyrimams realiomis eksploatavimo sąlygomis ieškant efektyvesnių valdymo algoritmų būtinos didelės investicijos į įrangą, ir tai ilgai trunka. Tyrimams paspartinti kuriami imitaciniai modeliai. Šiame darbe aprašomas sukurtas temperatūros poveikiui tirti skirtas saulės modulio temperatūros kitimo blokas. Tai galimybė imituoti procesus, trunkančius mėnesį ar net kelerius metus. Darbe analizuojamą FJ modelį sudaro keturi struktūriniai blokai: saulės galios srautą imituojantis blokas, temperatūros kitimą imituojantis blokas, saulės modulių imitatorius ir valdymo algoritmas, kuriame didžiausios galios taškas nustatomas pagal IncCond algoritmą. Visas fotovoltinės jėgainės modelis, įgyvendintas Matlab/Simulink terpėje, leido analizuoti fotovoltinės jėgainės veikimo efektyvumą giedrą dieną, kai modulių temperatūra buvo pastovi arba kito.
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Fuentes, Roberto M., Jonathan M. Palma, Hildo Guillardi Júnior, Márcio J. Lacerda, Leonardo de P. Carvalho, Alejandro J. Rojas, and Ricardo C. L. F. Oliveira. "Gain-Scheduled Control Design Applied to Classical dc–dc Converters in Photovoltaic Systems and Constant Power Loads." Mathematics 10, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 3467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193467.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the problem of control design for dc–dc converters, where the solution is especially suitable to address variations in the input voltage, a frequent situation in photovoltaic systems, and the problem of constant power load, where a nonlinear load is connected to the output of the converter. The proposed approach models the converters in terms of Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) models, which are used to compute gain-scheduled robust gains. The synthesis conditions provide stabilizing controllers with an attenuation level of disturbances in terms of the H∞ norm. Moreover, the design conditions can also overcome pole locations to comply with physical application restrictions when ensuring transient performance. The validation of the controllers is made via simulation of the classical converters (buck, boost and buck-boost), showing that the proposed method is a viable and generalized control solution that works for all three converters, with guarantees of closed-loop stability and good performance.
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Klein, Rolf. "A Straightforward Approach to Drawing Temperature-Dependent I–V Curves of Solar Cell Models." Solar 2, no. 4 (November 4, 2022): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar2040030.
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Equivalent circuit models of solar cells are important for understanding the behavior of photovoltaic systems under different weather conditions. They provide an equation F(V,I)=0 that expresses the correspondence between voltage V and current I a cell can deliver. The performance of a cell, and, therefore, the parameters of equation F, depend on the cell’s temperature and on the incoming light’s energy and angle. One would like to simulate and visualize these dependencies in real time. Given a fixed set of parameters, no elementary solution s(V)=I of Equation F(V,I)=0 is known. Hence, circuit simulation systems employ numerical methods to solve this equation and to approximate the circuit’s I–V curve, CIV. In this note, we propose a simpler approach. Instead of expressing I as a function of V, we represent both as elementary functions V(u) and I(u) of a real parameter u. In this way, the I–V curve CIV is obtained as the image of the mapping m(u)=(V(u),I(u)) from a u-interval to the VI-plane. Our approach offers both a precise mathematical description of CIV and an easy way to draw it. This allows us to study the influence of environmental changes on CIV by smooth animations, and yet with rather simple means. In this paper, we consider temperature dependence as an example; changes in irradiance or angle could be incorporated as well. Using formulae suggested in the literature that describe how the parameters in equation F(V,I)=0 depend on temperature, it takes only a few lines of code to generate an interactive worksheet that shows how CIV, the location of the maximum power point MPP and the maximum power change as the circuit’s temperature, is altered on a slider. Such a worksheet and its location will be presented in this paper.
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Mustafa, Mohammed Obaid, and Najimaldin M. Abbas. "Harmonic suppression compensation of photovoltaic generation using cascaded active power filter." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 8 (114) (December 24, 2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.248276.
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The wide spectrum of electromagnetism that explains current and voltage at specific time and location in a power system is referred to as power quality. Alternative energies are becoming more popular due to concerns about power quality, safety, and the environment, as well as commercial incentives. Moreover, photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most well-known renewable resources since it is free to gather, unlimited, and considerably cleaner. Active power filter (APF) is an effective means to dynamically suppress harmonics and solve power quality problems caused by the DC side voltage fluctuation. Therefore, this paper describes a substantial advancement in the harmonic suppression compensation algorithm, as well as the cascaded active power filter. Also, this paper focuses on compensating the error of photovoltaic grid-connected generation based on optimized H-bridge cascaded APF. The details of the working principle and topological structure of the APF used as the compensation device are analyzed. The H-bridge cascaded APF is optimized using the segmented variable step-length conductance increment (SVSLCI) algorithm. The overall cascaded APF control strategy is designed and simulated using MatLab/Simulink environment. By the simulation results comparing the existing traction network power quality control measures, before and after compensation, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified. The proposed controller strengthens the compensation of specific odd harmonics to improve the system work models and criteria to improve power quality. Moreover, the proposed algorithm showed positive significance for optimizing the quality of photovoltaic grid-connected power, reducing the current harmonic, and improving the equipment utilization of photovoltaic inverters.
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Escobar, Eros D., Tatiana Manrique, and Idi A. Isaac. "Campus Microgrid Data-Driven Model Identification and Secondary Voltage Control." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 23, 2022): 7846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217846.
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Microgrids deal with challenges presented by intermittent distributed generation, electrical faults and mode transition. To address these issues, to understand their static and dynamic behavior, and to develop control systems, it is necessary to reproduce their stable operation and transient response through mathematical models. This paper presents a data-driven low-order model identification methodology applied to voltage characterization in a photovoltaic system of a real campus microgrid for secondary voltage regulation. First, a literature review is presented focusing on secondary voltage modeling strategies and control. Then, experimental data is used to estimate and validate a low-order MIMO (multiple input–multiple output) model of the microgrid, considering reactive power, solar irradiance, and power demand inputs and the voltage output of the grid node. The obtained model reproduced the real system response with an accuracy of 88.4%. This model is used for dynamical analysis of the microgrid and the development of a secondary voltage control system based on model predictive control (MPC). The MPC strategy uses polytopic invariant sets as terminal sets to guarantee stability. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the controller performance using experimental data from solar irradiance and power demand as the system disturbances. Successful regulation of the secondary voltage output is obtained with a fast response despite the wide range of disturbance values.
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Ronaszegi, Krisztian, Eric S. Fraga, Jawwad Darr, Paul R. Shearing, and Dan J. L. Brett. "Application of Photo-Electrochemically Generated Hydrogen with Fuel Cell Based Micro-Combined Heat and Power: A Dynamic System Modelling Study." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010123.
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Photo-electrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation is a promising technology and alternative to photovoltaic (PV)-electrolyser combined systems. Since there are no commercially available PEC cells and very limited field trials, a computer simulation was used to assess the efficacy of the approach for different domestic applications. Three mathematical models were used to obtain a view on how PEC generated hydrogen is able to cover demands for a representative dwelling. The analysed home was grid-connected and used a fuel cell based micro-CHP (micro-combined heat and power) system. Case studies were carried out that considered four different photo-electrode technologies to capture a range of current and possible future device efficiencies. The aim for this paper was to evaluate the system performance such as efficiency, fuel consumption and CO2 reduction capability. At the device unit level, the focus was on photo-electrode technological aspects, such as the effect of band-gap energy represented by different photo-materials on productivity of hydrogen and its uncertainty caused by the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE), which is highly electrode preparation specific. The presented dynamic model allows analysis of the performance of a renewable energy source integrated household with variable loads, which will aid system design and decision-making.
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Amlashi, Ali Goudarzi, Mohammad Rezvani, Mehdi Radmehr, and Alireza Ghafouri. "Optimizing Adaptive Disturbance Rejection Control Models Using the Chimp Optimization Algorithm for Ships’ Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (December 31, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3569261.
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Hybrid renewable energy systems are becoming widely prevalent in warships due to their reliability and acceptability. However, the uncertainty caused by using renewable energy resources is one of the primary challenges. Therefore, this paper investigates the implementation of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) with a new control strategy in a hybrid solar power generation system, including photovoltaic (PV) panels, diesel generators, battery storage, and conventional and sensitive loads. Furthermore, a new metaheuristic-based active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy for fast and accurate DVR control is proposed. In this regard, a novel chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA)-based (i.e., ChOA-ADRC) strategy is suggested to increase the stability and robustness of the aforementioned hybrid system. The ADRC controller’s parameters are updated in real-time using the ChOA approach as an automatic tuning mechanism. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed control strategy, the model is evaluated under two and three-phase fault case scenarios. Also, a comparison with the conventional PI controller has been performed to further evaluate the proposed method. Simulation findings reveal the suggested control strategy’s remarkable effectiveness in correcting fault-caused voltage drop and maintaining sensitive load voltage. Additionally, the results show that ChOA-ADRC presents a better dynamic response compared to conventional control strategies and increases the reliability of the hybrid power generation system.
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Abdelghany, Reem Y., Salah Kamel, Hamdy M. Sultan, Ahmed Khorasy, Salah K. Elsayed, and Mahrous Ahmed. "Development of an Improved Bonobo Optimizer and Its Application for Solar Cell Parameter Estimation." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073863.
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Recently, photovoltaic (PV) energy has been considered one of the most exciting new technologies in the energy sector. PV power plants receive considerable attention because of their wide applications. Consequently, it is important to study the parameters of the solar cell model to control and determine the characteristics of the PV systems. In this study, an improved bonobo optimizer (IBO) was proposed to improve the performance of the conventional bonobo optimizer (BO). Both the IBO and the BO were utilized to obtain the accurate values of the unknown parameters of different mathematical models of solar cells. The proposed IBO improved the performance of the conventional BO by enhancing the exploitation (local search) and exploration (global search) phases to find the best optimal solution, where the search space was reduced using Levy flights and the sine–cosine function. Levy flights enhance the explorative phase, whereas the sine–cosine function improves the exploitation phase. Both the proposed IBO and the conventional BO were applied on single, double, and triple diode models of solar cells. To check the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, statistical analysis based on the results of 20 runs of the optimization program was performed. The results obtained by the proposed IBO were compared with other algorithms, and all results of the proposed algorithm showed their durability and exceeded other algorithms.
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Alabugin, Anatoliy, Konstantin Osintsev, and Sergei Aliukov. "Methodological Foundations for Modeling the Processes of Combining Organic Fuel Generation Systems and Photovoltaic Cells into a Single Energy Technology Complex." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 2816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102816.
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The needs to reduce the imperfection of theoretical and methodological approaches to value and regulate the processes of applying the methods of transactional energy are substantiated. The concept of combining organizational, economic and mathematical models to improve technical, technological and information methods for the effective integration of renewable and traditional energy facilities has been formulated. This determined the goal of forming a digital platform for machine-to-machine automatic processing of transactions. The creation of the platform contributes to solving a number of research tasks including development of schemes for the use of photo and thermoelements for energy generation in distributed energy and control of electrical and thermodynamic parameters of equipment in sensors of its diagnostics and use in electric drives of actuators of the Industrial Internet of Things. The use of big datа and datа science tools is aimed at achieving a number of practical results. Firstly, the differentiation of the composition of capacities and sources in the complex of hybrid energy facilities has been expanded, secondly, possibilities of modeling has been increased. Furthermore, the results of investigation are the model of integration and balancing regulation in the transactional energy platform of the Center for the Coordination of Interest in Complex Objects.