Journal articles on the topic 'Photovoltaic power generation – Developing countries'
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Onime, Clement Ehimika Ohireime, James Uhomoibhi, and Ermanno Pietrosemoli. "An Augmented Virtuality Based Solar Energy Power Calculator in Electrical Engineering." International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v5i1.3841.
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It is becoming increasingly important to include information about power generation from renewable energy sources in the training of electrical engineers. Solar energy is arguably the most common renewable energy source in use today. Providing practical hands-on training on solar energy power generation today requires the use of photovoltaic panel devices which are used for transforming solar energy into electrical energy.
In many developing countries, practical hands-on training on solar power generation is limited due to the cost of photovoltaic panel devices and so the training consists of theoretical and tutorial classes sometimes supported by remote and virtual laboratories.
This paper presents an augmented virtuality tool where real-time information from a mobile device’s sensors is used directly within a virtual or computer generated environment. The tool provides a practical context for hands-on tutorial exercises on solar energy power generation.
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Bocci, Enrico, Mauro Villarini, Luca Bove, Stefano Esposto, and Valerio Gasperini. "Modeling Small Scale Solar Powered ORC Unit for Standalone Application." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/124280.
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When the electricity from the grid is not available, the generation of electricity in remote areas is an essential challenge to satisfy important needs. In many developing countries the power generation from Diesel engines is the applied technical solution. However the cost and supply of fuel make a strong dependency of the communities on the external support. Alternatives to fuel combustion can be found in photovoltaic generators, and, with suitable conditions, small wind turbines or microhydroplants. The aim of the paper is to simulate the power generation of a generating unit using the Rankine Cycle and using refrigerant R245fa as a working fluid. The generation unit has thermal solar panels as heat source and photovoltaic modules for the needs of the auxiliary items (pumps, electronics, etc.). The paper illustrates the modeling of the system using TRNSYS platform, highlighting standard and “ad hoc” developed components as well as the global system efficiency. In the future the results of the simulation will be compared with the data collected from the 3 kW prototype under construction in the Tuscia University in Italy.
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do Nascimento, Felipe Moraes, Julio Cezar Mairesse Siluk, Fernando de Souza Savian, Taís Bisognin Garlet, José Renes Pinheiro, and Carlos Ramos. "Factors for Measuring Photovoltaic Adoption from the Perspective of Operators." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083184.
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The diffusion of photovoltaic distributed generation is relevant for addressing the political, economic, and environmental issues in the electricity sector. However, the proliferation of distributed generation brings new administrative and operational challenges for the sustainability of electric power utilities. Electricity distributors operate in economies of scale, and the high photovoltaic penetration means that these companies have economic and financial impacts, in addition to influencing the migration of other consumers. Thus, this paper aims to systematically identify and evaluate critical factors and indicators that may influence electricity distributors in predicting their consumers’ adoption of photovoltaic technology, which were subjected to the analysis of 20 industry experts. Results show that the cost of electricity, generation capacity, and cost of the photovoltaic systems are the most relevant indicators, and it is possible to measure a considerable part of them using the internal data of the electricity distributors. The study contributes to the understanding of the critical factors for the forecast of the adoption of consumers to distributed photovoltaic generation, to assist the distribution network operators in the decision making, and the distribution sustainability. Also, it establishes the theoretical, political, and practical implications for the Brazilian scenario and developing countries.
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Numata, Masako, Masahiro Sugiyama, Wunna Swe, and Daniel del Barrio Alvarez. "Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energy in Myanmar: Energy Source Preference." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051505.
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The increased use of renewable energy is imperative as a countermeasure to climate change. As with conventional electricity generation technologies, public acceptance of renewables is an important issue, and willingness to pay (WTP) is a widely used indicator to assess such public attitudes. Unfortunately, the literature to date mostly covers developed countries, with few WTP surveys in developing countries. Tackling climate change is an urgent issue for these developing countries; therefore, understanding of public attitudes toward renewables in developing countries is crucial. This study conducted the first survey on WTP for introducing renewable energy in Myanmar. Although Myanmar boasts abundant renewable energy resources, including solar power and biomass in addition to large-scale hydro plants, its resources are not being properly utilized to generate electricity. This study surveyed WTP for power generation by solar photovoltaics, small hydropower, and biomass facilities. The results showed the highest WTP for solar power (USD 1.92) with 10% share in the energy mix, and lower WTP for biomass and small hydropower electricity generations (USD 1.13 and USD 1.17, respectively). Careful public communication is thus crucial for expanding biomass and small-scale hydro power plants.
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Jayaraju, Gaddala, and Gudapati Sambasiva Rao. "Intelligent controller based power quality improvement of microgrid integration of photovoltaic power system using new cascade multilevel inverter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1514-1523.
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<p>Now a day the power demand has a major problem for developing countries due to the growth of population, industries, IT companies and other needs. In this present situation the fossil fuel-based power generation alone does not support the consumer needs, poor power quality due to nonlinear function and very harmful for environment. The main objective of this paper is improving the power quality of grid connected photovoltaic power system through a new cascade H-bridge multilevel inverter. The proposed research work has been modelled and controlled by ANFIS intelligence in MATLAB simulation environment. The simulation results are analysed under various operating conditions for improve the performance of proposed system. Finally, the proposed system THD value of simulation results is compared with IEEE 1547 standard for prove the effectiveness of proposed research work.</p>
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Ab-BelKhair, Adel, Javad Rahebi, and Abdulbaset Abdulhamed Mohamed Nureddin. "A Study of Deep Neural Network Controller-Based Power Quality Improvement of Hybrid PV/Wind Systems by Using Smart Inverter." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (December 16, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8891469.
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Presently, climate change and global warming are the most uncontrolled global challenges due to the extensive fossil fuel usage for power generation and transportation. Nowadays, most of the developed countries are concentrating on developing alternative resources; consequently, they did huge investments in research and development. In general, alternative energy resources including hydropower, solar power, and wind energy are not harmful to nature. Today, solar power and wind power are very popular alternative energy sources due to their enormous availability in nature. In this paper, the photovoltaic cell and wind energy systems are investigated under various weather conditions. Based on the findings, we developed an advanced intelligent controller system that tracks the maximum power point. The MPPT controller is a must for the renewable energy sources due to unpredictable weather conditions. The main objective of this paper is to propose a new algorithm that is based on deep neural network (DNN) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT), which was simulated in a MATLAB environment for photovoltaic (PV) and wind-based power generation systems. The development of an advanced DNN controller that improves the power quality and reduces THD value for the microgrid integration of hybrid PV/wind energy system was performed. The MATLAB simulation tool has been used to develop the proposed system and tested its performance in different operating situations. Finally, we analyzed the simulation results applying the IEEE 1547 standard.
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Hussin, Farihahusnah, Gulnaziya Issabayeva, and Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua. "Solar photovoltaic applications: opportunities and challenges." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 34, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 503–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2016-0058.
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Abstract The heavy reliance on fossil fuels, given their inevitable depletion and serious negative impact on the environment, has led to intensive scientific research to produce solutions which will ensure sustainable supply of energy based on renewable sources. Solar radiation is one of the major sources of clean and renewable energy with the potential to provide ample power for the growing human population in the long term. The current energy crisis is aggravated by the escalating concerns over the water quality especially in developing countries. There is great potential for utilisation of solar energy through solar photovoltaic systems throughout the world for electricity generation as well as water and wastewater treatment. Innovations in this area have opened new prospects to improve the quality of life for people as a whole. Hence, the focus of this review paper is to provide the reader with a brief history of solar photovoltaic systems, the various types of solar photovoltaic materials available and the solar cell efficiencies attained with the current solar photovoltaic technologies. Furthermore, applications of photovoltaic systems are discussed in terms of their societal economic and environmental effects.
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Wang, Ting, Qiya Wang, and Caiqing Zhang. "Research on the Optimal Operation of a Novel Renewable Multi-Energy Complementary System in Rural Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042196.
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Sustainable development is an inevitable choice for the development of human society, and energy is closely related to sustainable development. Improving energy structure, increasing energy efficiency, and vigorously developing renewable energy are of great significance to the sustainable development of rural areas. Moreover, the establishment of a distributed multi-energy complementary system (MECS) using abundant renewable energy such as wind, solar, and biomass energy is an effective way to solve the rapid growth of rural power demand, weak rural power grids, and rural environmental pollution. This paper proposes a new type of Wind–Solar–Biomass–Storage MECS composed of wind power generation (WPG), photovoltaic power generation (PVG), biogas power generation (BPG) and energy storage system (ESS) and establishes a MECS optimization operation model with the goal of maximizing daily operating economic benefits, considering the characteristics of each power generation system and power demand characteristics. By using the multi-population genetic algorithm (MPGA), the simulation experiments of the MECS operation under four typical weather scenarios are carried out. The results show that the MECS can operate stably in different scenarios and achieve the goal of maximizing economic benefits, which verifies the feasibility of the MECS model. In addition, the simulation results are compared with the standard genetic algorithm (SGA), which shows the effectiveness of the optimization method. This paper takes Chinese rural areas as an example for research. The proposed MECS and optimal operation model are also applicable to developing countries with a high proportion of the rural population.
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Lins, Filipe de Souza, Vinicius A. da Silva, Irenilza de Alencar Nääs, Nilsa Duarte da Silva Lima, and Mário César da Silva. "The efficacy of a dual-axis solar tracking device in tropical climate." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): e1029119637. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9637.
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The demand for energy and the pressure for reducing environmental impacts is increasing in developing countries, mainly in agricultural areas. The generation of electricity from photovoltaic panels can be economically and environmentally advantageous as a source of renewable energy and the ability to reach remote consumers. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of a photovoltaic system equipped with a sun-tracking device, comparing to a fixed panel. The test compared two panels of a photovoltaic cell system, one used a rotation module in two-axis, and the other a fixed one (control), for capturing solar energy throughout the day in a tropical region of Brazil. Solar energy data were obtained in the two photovoltaic panels with data continuously recorded six months, with a weather characteristic of high cloudiness and rainfall indexes. The commissioning of the tested photovoltaic panels was done on bright days. Power results indicated that the two-axis tracker system was useful during the test, presenting an increase of 26% when compared to the fixed panel. It was found that when the cloudiness and the rain index are very high, the sun tracking system might not be as efficient as foreseen. Rainfall and cloudiness index are essential factors for determining the feasibility of using a tracker device in tropical regions.
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Conteh, Abdul, Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy, Kiptoo Mark Kipngetich, Tomonobu Senjyu, Paras Mandal, and Shantanu Chakraborty. "An Economic Analysis of Demand Side Management Considering Interruptible Load and Renewable Energy Integration: A Case Study of Freetown Sierra Leone." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 2828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102828.
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Like in most developing countries, meeting the load demand and reduction in transmission grid bottlenecks remains a significant challenge for the power sector in Sierra Leone. In recent years, research attention has shifted to demand response (DR) programs geared towards improving the supply availability and quality of energy markets in developed countries. However, very few studies have discussed the implementation of suitable DR programs for developing countries, especially when utilizing renewable energy (RE) resources. In this paper, using the Freetown’s peak load demand data and the price elasticity concept, the interruptible demand response (DR) program has been considered for maximum demand index (MDI) customers. Economic analysis of the energy consumption, customer incentives, benefits, penalties and the impact on the load demand are analyzed, with optimally designed energy management for grid-integrated battery energy storage system (BESS) and photovoltaic (PV)-hybrid system using the genetic algorithm (GA). Five scenarios are considered to confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme. The results show the economic superiority of the proposed DR program’s approach for both customers and supplier benefits. Moreover, RE inclusion proved to be a practical approach over the project lifespan, compared to the diesel generation alternative.
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Nureddin, Abdulbaset Abdulhamed Mohamed, Javad Rahebi, and Adel Ab-BelKhair. "Power Management Controller for Microgrid Integration of Hybrid PV/Fuel Cell System Based on Artificial Deep Neural Network." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (December 8, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8896412.
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Nowadays, the power demand is increasing day by day due to the growth of the population and industries. The conventional power plant alone is incompetent to meet the consumer demand due to environmental concerns. In this present situation, the essential thing is to be find an alternate way to meet the consumer demand. In present days most of the developed countries concentrate to develop alternative resources and invest huge money for its research and development activities. Most renewable energy sources are naturally friendly sources such as wind, solar, fuel cell, and hydro/water sources. The results of power generation using renewable energy sources only depend on the availability of the resources. The availability of renewable energy sources throughout the day is variable due to fluctuations in the natural resources. This research work discusses two major renewable energy power generating sources: photovoltaic (PV) cell and fuel cell. Both of them provide foundations for power generation, so they are very popular because of their impressive performance mechanisms. The mentioned renewable energy-based power generating systems are static devices, so the power losses are generally ignorable as compared to line losses in the main grid. The PV and fuel cell (FC) power systems need a controller for maximum power generation during fluctuations in the input resources. Based on the investigation report, an algorithm is proposed for an advanced maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. This paper proposes a deep neural network- (DNN-) based MPPT algorithm, which has been simulated using MATLAB both for PV and for FC. The main purpose behind this paper has been to develop the latest DNN controller for improving the output power quality that is generated using a hybrid PV and fuel cell system. After developing and simulating the proposed system, we performed the analysis in different possible operating conditions. Finally, we evaluated the simulation outcomes based on IEEE 1547 and 519 standards to prove the system’s effectiveness.
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Ma, Jing, Zhanbin Luo, Fu Chen, Qianlin Zhu, Shaoliang Zhang, and Gang-Jun Liu. "A Practical Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Open Dumps through Infrastructure Restructuring: A Case Study in Nanjing City, China." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082804.
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A new environmental ban has forced the restructure of open dumps in China since 1 July 2011. A technical process was established in this study that is feasible for the upgrade of open dumps through restructuring. The feasibility of restructuring and the benefit of greenhouse gas emission reductions were assessed according to field surveys of five landfills and four dumps in Nanjing. The results showed that the daily processing capacities of the existing landfills have been unable to meet the growth of municipal solid waste (MSW), making restructuring of the landfills imperative. According to an assessment of the technical process, only four sites in Nanjing were suitable for upgrading. Restructuring the Jiaozishan landfill effectively reduced the leachate generation rate by 5.84% under its scale when expanded by 60.7% in 2015. CO2 emissions were reduced by approximately 55,000–86,000 tons per year, in which biogas power generation replaced fossil fuels Fossil fuels accounted for the largest proportion, up to 45,000–60,000 tons. Photovoltaic power generation on the overlying land has not only reduced CO2 emissions to 26,000–30,000 tons per year but has also brought in continuing income from the sale of electricity. The funds are essential for developing countries such as China, which lack long-term financial support for landfill management after closure.
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Hossain, Chowdhury, Nusrat Chowdhury, Michela Longo, and Wahiba Yaïci. "System and Cost Analysis of Stand-Alone Solar Home System Applied to a Developing Country." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051403.
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Power is one of the key requirements for the development of economies and upgrading of standards of living of developing countries. Countries such as Bangladesh depend largely on fossil fuels such as diesel fuel and natural gas to produce the main proportion of their electricity. However, this country’s combination of limited natural gas reserves high fuel prices and escalating costs of transmission and distribution lines has greatly increased the unit cost of electricity generation and it is becoming difficult for customers to pay for electricity. On the other hand, burning fuel causes environmental pollution that leads to global warming which is ultimately responsible for climate change and its devastating consequences. In this study, we have recommended a stand-alone system for the traditional consumption of domestic electric use at residential units in Bangladesh. We have shown a comparison of using the stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system with the traditional grid connection. Although the initial set-up cost is high, it becomes profitable as people are supplied with electricity, which is being generated from PV as a result minimizing the energy cost from the grid, and in addition, they can later make savings from this system. This paper, therefore, aims at determining the optimum size of the rooftop solar home system that will fulfil all the criteria for powering up electrical appliances at an affordable price. Comparative analysis of both energy systems based on the cost calculation has been performed by means of the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Renewables (HOMER) software. The validity of this proposal and its usefulness is also analysed.
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Kassem, Y., H. Gökçekuş, and H. S. A. Lagili. "A Techno-Economic Viability Analysis of the Two-Axis Tracking Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System for 25 Selected Coastal Mediterranean Cities." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 4 (August 21, 2021): 7508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4251.
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Generating energy from renewable sources, particularly solar energy, offers significant benefits and achieves a more clean and sustainable development. In the present paper, the potential of developing a 4.2kW grid-connected rooftop two-axis tracking PV system in 25 selected coastal Mediterranean cities located in different Arabic countries is evaluated using RETScreen software. The proposed system is serving the basic household energy needs according to the load profile from monthly electrical bills. It is found that the proposed system produces about 8824kW annually, which helps to reduce CO2 emissions. Also, the average energy production cost is assumed to range from 0.0337 to 00.0475$/kWh. It is concluded that the proposed system can provide an effective solution for energy poverty in developing regions with a very positive socio-economic and environmental impact. The small-scale grid-connected PV system will provide the domestic energy needs at a lower energy production cost than the electricity price grid-connected consumers pay. This study demonstrated that generating electricity from solar energy will help reduce the electricity tariff rates and the dependence on fossil fuels.
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Kassem, Youssef, Hüseyin Çamur, and Salman Mohammed Awadh Alhuoti. "Solar Energy Technology for Northern Cyprus: Assessment, Statistical Analysis, and Feasibility Study." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040940.
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Solar power is the fastest-growing energy source in the world. New technologies can help to generate more power from solar energy. The present paper aims to encourage people and the government to develop solar energy-based power projects to achieve sustainable energy infrastructures, especially in developing countries. In addition, this paper presents a solar energy road map to attract investors to invest in clean energy technology to help reduce the effect of global warming and enhance sustainable technological development. Therefore, the first objective of the paper is to analyze and compare the monthly global solar radiation for five different locations in Northern Cyprus using the measured data collected from the Meteorological Department and estimated values collected from the satellite imagery database. In addition, the mean hourly meteorological parameters including global solar radiation, air temperature, sunshine, and relative humidity are analyzed statistically and the type of distribution functions are selected based on skewness and kurtosis values. Accordingly, estimating global solar radiation improves solar power generation planning and reduces the cost of measuring. Therefore, models of a surface were analyzed by means of polynomial adjustments considering the values of R-squared. Finally, this study provides a comprehensive and integrated feasibility analysis of a 100 MW grid-connected solar plant project as an economic project in the selected region to reduce electricity tariffs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. RETScreen Expert software was used to conduct the feasibility analysis in terms of energy production, GHG emissions, and financial parameters for the best location for the installation of a 100 MW grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) plant. Finally, the results concluded that the proposed solar system could be used for power generation in Northern Cyprus.
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CHERNYH, O. N., A. V. BURLACHENKO, and V. V. VOLSHANIK. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF WATER-ENERGY REGIMES OF HPP IN SYMBIOSIS WITH SOLAR PLANTS." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 3 (2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-3-104-110.
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The results of the analysis of the problems associated with the development of the world solar energy are presented. It is noted that at the present stage of the electric power industry, the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) is still poorly realized. The specific issues of water-energy modes of operation of hydroelectric power plants (HPPs), operating in symbiosis with solar photovoltaic installations (SPEU) have been identified, the schedule of which should be the same. It is shown that the operation of hydroelectric power plants and SPEU in the joint electric load schedule makes it possible to obtain a constructive and economic effect due to the fuel saving of power plants of various types, including thermal ones. The maximum capacity of the HPP-SPEU power complex is optimized by the installed capacity of the HPP while observing the full duplication of the SPEU capacity by other power plants of the energy system. It is shown on the example of the Lagdo hydroelectric complex in the northern Cameroon that under the conditions of developing countries with a large solar and hydraulic potential (Cameroon, Zimbabwe, Uganda, etc.), as well as for the southern regions of Russia, SPEU can produce up to 75% of the annual electricity generation during the low-water period of the year at its joint work in the energy complex with the hydroelectric power plant. This makes it possible to facilitate the redistribution of the river fl ow during the entire low-water period without attracting additional useful storage capacity of the reservoir. The developed methodology for optimizing the water-energy regulation regime can also be applied during the operation of the HPP of the HPP-SPEU energy complex along the watercourse, i.e. with daily flow regulation.
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Espinoza, Rafael, Carolina Luque, E. Muñoz Cerón, and J. De la Casa. "BARRERAS A SUPERAR EN EL INTENTO DE UNA INTERVENCIÓN MASIVA DE SISTEMAS FV CONECTADOS A LA RED EN EL PERÚ." Revista Cientifica TECNIA 27, no. 1 (January 4, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v27i1.120.
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El consumo de la energía eléctrica en el Perú se incrementó 5,1% en promedio entre los años 2002 y 2011 mientras que la demanda creció desde 2 700MW hasta 4 800MW como consecuencia del incremento del PBI. Por otro lado, el Perú ha aplicado la tecnología FV para generar electricidad instalando algunos miles de pequeños sistemas fotovoltaicos (SFD) en los últimos 25 años en programas de electrificación rural domiciliaria que le ha permitido acumular notable experiencia que lo sitúa en condiciones expectantes para abordar la posibilidad de hacer instalaciones de mayor potencia FV con conexión a la red pública. Así mismo, en los últimos 5 años se han instalado plantas de generación de EE que la inyectan directamente a la red del SEIN sin intervención sustantiva de la ingeniería nacional, este escenario de avance tecnológico FV cubre los extremos de una escala de generación de EE que empieza con los "watts" y termina con los MW sin la existencia de potencias intermedias del orden de kW. En este contexto, el presente trabajo intenta proponer la generación de un respaldo técnico y mínimas condiciones requeridas para promover y consolidar la introducción masiva de instalaciones FV de tamaño medio (100kW‐1MW) bajo el esquema de la generación distribuida en el Perú en un plazo medio de los próximos 5 años, basada en el análisis de los siguientes aspectos: a) Evolución de la energía en el Perú desde 1995 hasta 2015 de acuerdo con particularidades de tipo geográfico con especial énfasis sectorial focalizado en perfiles de consumos residencial, comercial e industrial; b) Dinámica del crecimiento FV que ha devenido en instalaciones totales de 96MW interconectados y 2MW aislados, c) Dinámica del mercado de importaciones de módulos FV durante la última década, particularmente de los últimos 3 años que mantiene un crecimiento sostenido de 2,5MW/año y, d) Programas educacionales de entrenamiento de técnicos e ingenieros. Este intento cuenta con el soporte técnico de un equipo profesional formado por académicos de la Universidad de Jaén‐España y de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería de Lima‐Perú. Palabras clave.- Países en desarrollo; diseminación; educación y entrenamiento; factores globales y políticas y estrategias. ABSTRACT Electrical power consumption in Peru increased on average by 5.1% between 2002 and 2011, while demand increased from 2 700 MW to 4 800 MW as a consequence of the increase in GDP. On the other side, photovoltaic (PV) technologies have been used in Peru for power generation in a few thousand small solar home systems (SHS) in the last 25 years, through various rural home electrification programs. This has permitted to accumulate a large amount of experience, which would open the possibility to consider the installation of larger PV systems with connection to the grid. Likewise, in the last five years, power generating plants have been installed to inject power directly in the National Power Grid (SEIN, from its Spanish acronym) without any substantial intervention of the national engineering community. One can see that in this scenario of technological evolution, PV technologies is present at both extremes of the power generation scale going from Watt to MegaWatt, without any intermediary power in the KiloWatt range. In this context, the present work proposes the creation of technical backstopping and minimal conditions necessary to promote and consolidate a massive introduction of medium‐size PV facilities (100 kW ‐ 1 MW), in order to aim for a distributed power generation in Peru in the medium term of the next five years. This project is based on the analysis of the following points: a) The evolution of power generation in Peru between 1995 and 2015, considering the geographical peculiarities and with special emphasis on residential, commercial and industrial consumer profiles; b) The growth dynamics of the PV sector, which has resulted in 96 MW and 2 MW of connected and isolated power generation, respectively; c) The evolution of the import market of PV modules during the last ten years, and especially during the last three years, which has maintained a sustained growth of 2.5 MW/year; and d) Education programs for the training of technicians and engineers. The present work has counted with the technical support of a professional team from Universidad de Jaen (Spain) and Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (Perú). Keywords.- developing countries; dissemination; education and training; global factors; policies and strategies.
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Peaker, Anthony R., and Vladimir P. Markevich. "Photovoltaic Power Generation: The Impact of Nano-Materials." Materials Science Forum 608 (December 2008): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.608.181.
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Solar power is seen by many as a solution to the world’s energy problems. The earth receives 1.7x1017W from the sun compared to a total electricity generation capacity of 4.6x1012W (OECD prediction for 2010). However the average power density is low with a daytime average over the earth of 680Wm-2. This makes centralised generation problematic but distributed photoelectric generation by domestic and commercial users is a rapidly developing market. However typical commercially available modules have an energy conversion efficiency of less than 12%. Silicon cells with 24% efficiency have been produced in the lab while multi-junction tandem cells using different semiconductor materials (GaInAs, GaInP and Ge) to absorb different parts of the sun’s spectrum have reached 40%. This chapter describes some of the materials and device achievements so far and looks at possible ways in which higher efficiencies might be achieved with particular emphasis on nano-materials to use more of the solar spectrum efficiently. The possibility of using quantum slicing and multiple exciton generation to make more efficient use of high energy photons is considered and impurity band generation as a possible route to use low energy photons. One of the greatest challenges is to do this cheaply using semiconductors made from non-toxic abundant elements.
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Martinot, Eric, Akanksha Chaurey, Debra Lew, José Roberto Moreira, and Njeri Wamukonya. "Renewable Energy Markets in Developing Countries." Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 27, no. 1 (November 2002): 309–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.27.122001.083444.
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▪ Abstract Renewable energy is shifting from the fringe to the mainstream of sustainable development. Past donor efforts achieved modest results but often were not sustained or replicated, which leads now to greater market orientation. Markets for rural household lighting with solar home systems, biogas, and small hydro power have expanded through rural entrepreneurship, government programs, and donor assistance, serving millions of households. Applications in agriculture, small industry, and social services are emerging. Public programs resulted in 220 million improved biomass cook stoves. Three percent of power generation capacity is largely small hydro and biomass power, with rapid growth of wind power. Experience suggests the need for technical know-how transfer, new replicable business models, credit for rural households and entrepreneurs, regulatory frameworks and financing for private power developers, market facilitation organizations, donor assistance aimed at expanding sustainable markets, smarter subsidies, and greater attention to social benefits and income generation.
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Schmidt, Tobias S., Robin Born, and Malte Schneider. "Assessing the costs of photovoltaic and wind power in six developing countries." Nature Climate Change 2, no. 7 (April 15, 2012): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1490.
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Yang, Yong, Dong Tao Wang, Qing Mei Yao, and Wen Zhen Cai. "Matpower Based Power Flow Calculation with Grid-Connected Photovoltaic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 1343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1343.
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Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is one of important direction of future energy development by most countries. The research on power flow calculation of power system with grid-connected photovoltaic generation based on Matpower is given in this paper. Firstly, a stochastic model of PV system is presented in the paper. Then, Matpower is used in the simulation of power flow for IEEE 57 node system. Simulation results of with PV generation and without PV generation in IEEE 57 node system are presented. Comparison between the results shows that adding PV generation in power system will have great influence on power flow of power system.
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Bai, Xue Feng, Shi Qiu, and Pei Li. "Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Generation Gnalog Device Gesign." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.494.
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With the reduction of non-renewable energy resources, energy conservation and development of new energy has become an important strategic plan around the world. Photovoltaic technology is also developing rapidly with more and more applications of solar energy. The project designed a set of solar photovoltaic grid-connected power generation analog devices. In this paper, the maximum power point tracking, DC-AC inverter technology, SPWM control technology related to single-phase grid-connected PV system have been studied, a comprehensive theoretical has been analyzed and to develop the relevant control scheme and design a set of simulator based on MSP430F169 microcontroller. The experimental results have met the target and achieved the desired effect.
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Afful-Dadzie, Anthony, Eric Afful-Dadzie, Iddrisu Awudu, and Joseph Kwaku Banuro. "Power generation capacity planning under budget constraint in developing countries." Applied Energy 188 (February 2017): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.11.090.
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Rady, Yassin Yehia, Matteo V. Rocco, M. A. Serag-Eldin, and Emanuela Colombo. "Modelling for power generation sector in Developing Countries: Case of Egypt." Energy 165 (December 2018): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.09.089.
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Hall, David, and Tue Anh Nguyen. "Electricity Liberalisation in Developing Countries." Progress in Development Studies 17, no. 2 (April 2017): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993416688824.
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Liberalisation of the electricity sector by unbundling the networks from generation and creating power markets has been promoted to developing countries by the World Bank and others for nearly two decades, in order to stimulate private sector investment. The paper presents cross-country comparisons of progress with liberalisation in the largest developing economies along with investment indicators of generating capacity and access to electricity networks, showing extensive growth in investment regardless of the extent of liberalisation, predominantly by the public sector. The liberalisation model is now losing credibility even in the global north.
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Menéndez, Javier, and Jorge Loredo. "Economic feasibility of developing large scale solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain." E3S Web of Conferences 122 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912202004.
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In 2017, electricity generation from renewable sources contributed more than one quarter (30.7%) to total EU-28 gross electricity consumption. Wind power is for the first time the most important source, followed closely by hydro power. The growth in electricity from photovoltaic energy has been dramatic, rising from just 3.8 TWh in 2007, reaching a level of 119.5 TWh in 2017. Over this period, the contribution of photovoltaic energy to all electricity generated in the EU-28 from renewable energy sources increased from 0.7% to 12.3%. During this period the investment cost of a photovoltaic power plant has decreased considerably. Fundamentally, the cost of solar panels and inverters has decreased by more than 50%. The solar photovoltaic energy potential depends on two parameters: global solar irradiation and photovoltaic panel efficiency. The average solar irradiation in Spain is 1,600 kWh m-2. This paper analyzes the economic feasibility of developing large scale solar photovoltaic power plants in Spain. Equivalent hours between 800-1,800 h year-1 and output power between 100-400 MW have been considered. The profitability analysis has been carried out considering different prices of the electricity produced in the daily market (50-60 € MWh-1). Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were estimated for all scenarios analyzed. A solar PV power plant with 400 MW of power and 1,800 h year-1, reaches a NPV of 196 M€ and the IRR is 11.01%.
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Pintér, Gábor. "The Potential Role of Power-to-Gas Technology Connected to Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Visegrad Countries—A Case Study." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 6408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236408.
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With the spread of the use of renewable sources of energy, weather-dependent solar energy is also coming more and more to the fore. The quantity of generated electric power changes proportionally to the intensity of solar radiation. Thus, a cloudy day, for example, greatly reduces the amount of electricity produced from this energy source. In the countries of the European Union solar power plants are obligated to prepare power generation forecasts broken down to 15- or 60-min intervals. The interest of the regionally responsible transmission system operators is to be provided with forecasts with the least possible deviation from the actual figures. This paper examines the Visegrad countries’ intraday photovoltaic forecasts and their deviations from real power generation based on the photovoltaic power capacity monitored by the transmission system operators in each country. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that, in the context of monitored PV capacities in the Visegrad countries, it examines the regulation capacities needed for keeping the forecasts. After comparing the needs for positive and negative regulation, the author made deductions regarding storage possibilities complementing electrochemical regulation, based on the balance. The paper sought answers concerning the technologies required for the balancing of PV power plants in the examined countries. It was established that, as a result of photovoltaic power capacity regulation, among the four Visegrad countries, only the Hungarian transmission system operator has negative required power regulation, which could be utilized in power-to-gas plants. This power could be used to produce approximately 2.1 million Nm3 biomethane with a 98% methane content, which could be used to improve approximately 4 million Nm3 biogas of poor quality by enriching it (minimum 60% methane content), so that it can be utilized. The above process could enhance the viability of 4–6 low-methane agricultural biogas plants in Hungary.
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Kaliappan, Kannan, M. Sankar, B. Karthikeyan, Budamkayala Vineeth, and V. Chetan Raju. "Analysis of solar energy technology in leading countries." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp1995-2004.
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In the present generation energy plays a vital role in our world and for human life it´s very important factor. There is a methodical meeting taking place regarding the conservation of energy and every time there is a review in the agenda. Energy demand and supply were endeavored by these countries. To rectify these problems, there should be more research in the generation of energy with the greater efficiency and try to use energy in more efficient manner. Solar energy remains as the most prominent source of energy as it is cost effective and environmentally friendly. Reviews convey that solar energy systems will play a major role in the power generations. As per present scenario there is a great importance to the solar energy using photovoltaic systems. Photovoltaic systems exhibit an important role for solar energy production.
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Wu, Zhongqun, Mbanda L. Njoke, Guangning Tian, and Jing Feng. "Challenges of investment and financing for developing photovoltaic power generation in Cameroon, and the countermeasures." Journal of Cleaner Production 299 (May 2021): 126910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126910.
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Wang, Chao, Ye Liu, Xu Zhang, and Xiao Tian Yang. "Simulation Design and Benefit Analysis of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.169.
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With the development of science and technology, the demand for energy conservation and environmental protection is rising. Grid-connected photovoltaic system industry is developing rapidly in this situation. Taken the typical villa in ChangChun as an example, based on the geographical feature of Jilin province, we design a set of complete grid-connected photovoltaic system power generation system. It contains the configuration of equipment, capacity design, series-parallel design of modules and the design of grid electrical system. In addition, through aiding design by the professional software for photovoltaic system (PVsyst), we calculate the power generation, and we analyze the economic and environmental benefits of this system in 25 years. It will be beneficial to deploy photovoltaic system in the field of building energy efficiency.
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D., KARDASH, LYUBIMENKO, E.N., KONDRATENKO, V., TYUTYUNNYK, N., and PRYDATKO I. "Study of the solar power plant power generation forecasting model." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 24, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2021-1-73-76.
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The question of determining the possible capacity of a photovoltaic power plant is very acute due to the growing demand for renewable energy, coupled with the fact that during the day we have limited time to generate energy from such a source. Thus, based on the obtained analytical data, which allows to predict weather conditions, it is possible to regulate the amount of energy supplied to the network in a certain way due to more maneuverable power plants. In previous years, electrical engineering scientists and researchers from different countries have developed and implemented methods for determining weather conditions, such as clouds, air temperature, atmospheric dust and others, as well as their impact on the energy output of a solar power plant. A photovoltaic panel is a complex nonlinear object with many variables. In addition to the structural features of the module, the output is most affected by solar radiation and panel temperature. When researching the prediction of the amount of energy produced, it is important to find sufficiently reliable and consistent data. At the forefront of these issues are US universities and research centers. For example, the University of Nevada in Las Vegas, in 2006 put into operation a set of measurements of weather conditions: the level of sunlight, ambient temperature, wind speed, humidity and others. When calculating the power generated by the panels, it is assumed that the system operates at the point of maximum power. The scheme works as follows: we set the values of temperature (Temperature) and irradiation (Irradiance); we apply voltage to the output terminals of the array by changing its value from 0 to Voc. We take current readings at each point, we find the power for each point, we find the maximum among the obtained array of points. Repeat over the entire range of input values. Thus, we obtain a graph of the output power of Figs. 4 pre-considering the losses in the inverter.
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Urpelainen, Johannes. "Vouchers can create a thriving market for distributed power generation in developing countries." Energy Research & Social Science 46 (December 2018): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.07.012.
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Arndt, Channing, Doug Arent, Faaiqa Hartley, Bruno Merven, and Alam Hossain Mondal. "Faster Than You Think: Renewable Energy and Developing Countries." Annual Review of Resource Economics 11, no. 1 (October 5, 2019): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100518-093759.
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Since 2007, large and unexpected declines in generation costs for renewable energy systems, particularly solar but also wind, combined with policy measures designed to limit greenhouse gas emissions, have created a paradigm shift in energy systems. Variable renewable energy now dominates total investment in electricity power generation systems. This dominance of variable renewable energy in investment has thrust the systems integration task of matching electricity supply with demand to center stage, presenting new challenges for energy policy and planning as well as for the institutional organization of power systems. Despite these challenges, there is ample reason to believe that variable renewables will attain very high levels of penetration into energy systems, particularly in regions well endowed with solar and wind potential. Similar to their success with mobile phone telephony, many developing countries have a significant opportunity to leapfrog directly to more advanced energy technologies that are low cost, reliable, environmentally more benign, and well suited to serving dispersed rural populations.
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Kim, Bowoo, Dongjun Suh, Marc-Oliver Otto, and Jeung-Soo Huh. "A Novel Hybrid Spatio-Temporal Forecasting of Multisite Solar Photovoltaic Generation." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 2605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132605.
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Currently, the world is actively responding to climate change problems. There is significant research interest in renewable energy generation, with focused attention on solar photovoltaic (PV) generation. Therefore, this study developed an accurate and precise solar PV generation prediction model for several solar PV power plants in various regions of South Korea to establish stable supply-and-demand power grid systems. To reflect the spatial and temporal characteristics of solar PV generation, data extracted from satellite images and numerical text data were combined and used. Experiments were conducted on solar PV power plants in Incheon, Busan, and Yeongam, and various machine learning algorithms were applied, including the SARIMAX, which is a traditional statistical time-series analysis method. Furthermore, for developing a precise solar PV generation prediction model, the SARIMAX-LSTM model was applied using a stacking ensemble technique that created one prediction model by combining the advantages of several prediction models. Consequently, an advanced multisite hybrid spatio-temporal solar PV generation prediction model with superior performance was proposed using information that could not be learned in the existing single-site solar PV generation prediction model.
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Saidi, Abdelaziz Salah. "Impact of large photovoltaic power penetration on the voltage regulation and dynamic performance of the Tunisian power system." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 5 (July 22, 2020): 1774–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720940864.
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By the year 2023, the Tunisian power transmission grid has been projected to include photovoltaic pool of power of 937 MW, scattered throughout the whole landscape of the nation. This paper investigates high photovoltaic energy penetration impacts voltage regulation and dynamic performance of the grid. Load flow analysis is implemented to investigate the power system capability for the case of incorporating the desired photovoltaic power. Computer-based simulations have been used for evaluating the upgradation of the grid. Moreover, the study is based on bifurcation diagrams taking the photovoltaic generation as a bifurcation parameter and time response simulations to grid disturbances. Professional PSAT simulation toolbox has been used for the power flow simulation studies. Network- related faults like outage of photovoltaic farm event, three-phase short-circuit at a conventional bus, and voltage dip at the largest photovoltaic station have been considered. It is hoped that the results of the presented study would benefit Tunisian’s utility’s policies on integration of PV systems. Moreover, this comprehensive analysis and study will be a valuable guide for assessing and improving the performance of national grid systems of any other countries also, that gives the huge potential and need for solar energy penetration into the grid systems.
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Khalyasmaa, Alexandra I., Stanislav A. Eroshenko, Valeriy A. Tashchilin, Hariprakash Ramachandran, Teja Piepur Chakravarthi, and Denis N. Butusov. "Industry Experience of Developing Day-Ahead Photovoltaic Plant Forecasting System Based on Machine Learning." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 18, 2020): 3420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203420.
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This article highlights the industry experience of the development and practical implementation of a short-term photovoltaic forecasting system based on machine learning methods for a real industry-scale photovoltaic power plant implemented in a Russian power system using remote data acquisition. One of the goals of the study is to improve photovoltaic power plants generation forecasting accuracy based on open-source meteorological data, which is provided in regular weather forecasts. In order to improve the robustness of the system in terms of the forecasting accuracy, we apply newly derived feature introduction, a factor obtained as a result of feature engineering procedure, characterizing the relationship between photovoltaic power plant energy production and solar irradiation on a horizontal surface, thus taking into account the impacts of atmospheric and electrical nature. The article scrutinizes the application of different machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest regressor, Gradient Boosting Regressor, Linear Regression and Decision Trees regression, to the remotely obtained data. As a result of the application of the aforementioned approaches together with hyperparameters, tuning and pipelining of the algorithms, the optimal structure, parameters and the application sphere of different regressors were identified for various testing samples. The mathematical model developed within the framework of the study gave us the opportunity to provide robust photovoltaic energy forecasting results with mean accuracy over 92% for mostly-sunny sample days and over 83% for mostly cloudy days with different types of precipitation.
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Chen, Qing Han, Hao Jiang, and Kai Lu. "Development Status and Measures of China’s Photovoltaic Power Industry under the International Background." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.44.
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Solar Photovoltaic Power (PV) has been considered as a significant kind of renewable energy in recent years. Developing PV power will not only optimize the energy structure of China, but also help to keep the development sustainable. The paper compared the development status of China with the developed countries, analyzed the existing problems in industry structure, relevant standards, management mechanisms and independent innovation. In the end, the paper put forward several corresponding measures to develop PV industry.
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Wang, Hui, Jianbo Sun, and Weijun Wang. "Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Based on EEMD and a Variable-Weight Combination Forecasting Model." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082627.
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It is widely considered that solar energy will be one of the most competitive energy sources in the future, and solar energy currently accounts for high percentages of power generation in developed countries. However, its power generation capacity is significantly affected by several factors; therefore, accurate prediction of solar power generation is necessary. This paper proposes a photovoltaic (PV) power generation forecasting method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and variable-weight combination forecasting. First, EEMD is applied to decompose PV power data into components that are then combined into three groups: low-frequency, intermediate-frequency, and high-frequency. These three groups of sequences are individually predicted by the variable-weight combination forecasting model and added to obtain the final forecasting result. In addition, the design of the weights for combination forecasting was studied during the forecasting process. The comparison in the case study indicates that in PV power generation forecasting, the prediction results obtained by the individual forecasting and summing of the sequences after the EEMD are better than those from direct prediction. In addition, when the single prediction model is converted to a variable-weight combination forecasting model, the prediction accuracy is further improved by using the optimal weights.
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GOLDSMITH, KURT. "The Role of Small-scale Power Generation Based on Solid Fuels in Developing Countries." Natural Resources Forum 11, no. 3 (August 1987): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1987.tb00318.x.
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Long, Zhao Zhi, and Fei Lu. "Study on Effects of Solar Generation on Power Grid." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.560.
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The climate change and the shortage of energy have made the solar energy as the priority renewable energy in many countries, and solar energy is under the fast development. Since the solar energy has the intrinsic intermittence and fluctuation, its integration into the power grid will lead to the power fluctuations. The paper proposes a method of deploying the photovoltaic generation which is the main solar generation technology in China to meet the load demand in order to reduce the storage investment. The analysis shows that there is a strong correlation between daytime solar generation fluctuations and grid load fluctuations, and it is able to use solar plant instead of some peek-load regulating generator units. Therefore, solar generation technology also has great potential of integration ability even without the use of energy storage, and the purpose of solar generation is to increase the share of solar electriciy at the lowest unit cost rather than to guarantee 100% utilization factor.
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Chiang, Luciano E., and Jorge E. Jacob. "Low Cost Sun-Tracking Photovoltaic Panel." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 26, no. 4 (October 1998): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909802600403.
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A photovoltaic panel (PVP) incorporating a sun-tracking system was designed, built and tested. The performance improvement obtained due to the two-axis tracking system justifies the additional cost, which is minimized by using off-the-shelf components in a compact and reliable configuration. The PVP charges two 6-V batteries which in turn are used to feed the control system using only a small proportion of the converted solar energy. Thus the entire system works autonomously and independent of geographic location. Its convenience is therefore suggested for isolated and remote low-power applications. In particular it is intended for use in desertic locations in northern Chile and, by extension, in geographically similar locations in other developing countries.
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Bauen, A. "Fuel cells for distributed generation in developing countries—an analysis." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 28, no. 7 (July 2003): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(02)00248-3.
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Huang, Kuo Tsang, and Wen Sheng Ou. "Using Modified Sandia Method in Developing Typical Solar Radiation Year for Photovoltaic Electricity Generation Projection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4374.
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The energy generation efficiency of Building Intergraded Photovoltaic Systems (BIPV) system relies much on the panel’s surface solar radiation received. In the projection of annual power generation of photovoltaic panels, local global solar radiation plays a pivotal role for reliable estimation process. The purpose of this paper is to develop an hourly typical solar radiation year (TSRY) as fundamental meteorological database for utilizing the estimation process. The TSRY should be interpretable to local long-term climate variations, thus, ten years' hourly meteorological data were gathered to formulate a typical year by means of modified Sandia method herein. A total of four cities' hourly typical years from northern to southern Taiwan were established in this paper. Orientation and inclination effect of the PV panel were also discussed in terms of daily averaged global solar radiation that cumulate from TSRY.
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Jakhrani, Abdul Qayoom, Saleem Raza Samo, Shakeel Ahmed Kamboh, Jane Labadin, and Andrew Ragai Henry Rigit. "An Improved Mathematical Model for Computing Power Output of Solar Photovoltaic Modules." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/346704.
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It is difficult to determine the input parameters values for equivalent circuit models of photovoltaic modules through analytical methods. Thus, the previous researchers preferred to use numerical methods. Since, the numerical methods are time consuming and need long term time series data which is not available in most developing countries, an improved mathematical model was formulated by combination of analytical and numerical methods to overcome the limitations of existing methods. The values of required model input parameters were computed analytically. The expression for output current of photovoltaic module was determined explicitly by Lambert W function and voltage was determined numerically by Newton-Raphson method. Moreover, the algebraic equations were derived for the shape factor which involves the ideality factor and the series resistance of a single diode photovoltaic module power output model. The formulated model results were validated with rated power output of a photovoltaic module provided by manufacturers using local meteorological data, which gave ±2% error. It was found that the proposed model is more practical in terms of precise estimations of photovoltaic module power output for any required location and number of variables used.
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Abidin, Zainal. "OPTIMASI KUALITAS DAYA HIBRID TURBIN ANGIN DAN PHOTOVOLTAIC." Jurnal Teknika 11, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/jt.v11i1.293.
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In order to decrease fuel emissions as a staple of electricity generation, renewable energy is one of the choices in the context of green technology. Wind and solar energy are several choices of renewable energy sources that can be used as environmentally friendly power plants without carbon emissions and are cheap. The application of wind turbine and solar photovoltaic hybrids is mostly carried out in several countries, especially in the fulfillment of isolated land. The HOMER application is one application that can be used to simulate wind turbine and photovoltaic hybrids.
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Balabel, Ashraf, Nagy I. Elkalashy, Mohammed A. Abdel-Hakeem, and Usama Hamed Issa. "Application of Solar Energy Technology in Green Healthcare Camps for Fighting COVID-19 Outbreak in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 81, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.81.1.117.
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The healthcare facilities sector is an energy-intensive organization especially at a time of spreading dangerous infectious viruses, such as new Coronavirus, or what is known as COVID-19. Recently, many countries have opened several mobile field quarantine hospitals provided with the required technical equipment to prevent the COVID-19 outbreak in these countries. Unfortunately, most of these healthcare camps are lacking in the application of the necessary sustainability principles and health standards to become green healthcare facilities. Solar energy can be used for various purposes in green healthcare facilities, such as power generation and other sterilized applications. Therefore, in the present paper, a new design for the mobile, quick built, and solar-powered green healthcare camp, in safe and effective 24 hours a day services, is introduced. The proposed green healthcare camp is built using modern building technologies for rapid constructions, in which the building design is proposed to incorporate the photovoltaic power generation consideration. Photovoltaic systems are designed according to the loads required for the operation of the designed model of the green healthcare camp. Moreover, the total cost of a solar-powered green healthcare camp is estimated according to local conditions and standards in Saudi Arabia. The practical recommendations are presented with the designed photovoltaic system to attain the overcurrent and overvoltage protection. The photovoltaic designed system is proposed under the condition of ascertaining the service continuity of the photovoltaic power system during the electric faults in the photovoltaic strings. This is achieved by incorporating series diodes at the terminals of each photovoltaic string. The performance of a 50-kW PV system simulated using Matlab/Simulink is evaluated for the fault disturbance to enhance the service continuity.
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Kim, BumChoong, Juhan Kim, and Jinsoo Kim. "Evaluation Model for Investment in Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102905.
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Owing to rapid growth in the Asian solar photovoltaic (PV) power market, decision-making models are required to develop efficient investment strategies. Previous studies have largely focused on technological conditions and macroeconomic indicators, but not on the increasing needs of the financial sector. In this study, we developed an evaluation model of solar PV investment and financial factors at the project level. The model applies the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and selects appropriate evaluation indicators for investment by emphasizing financial factors such as access to finance and exit strategies after the initial investment. Furthermore, we derived the relative importance of the indicators for each stakeholder. Stakeholder analysis enables comparison by quantifying the risks of each market participant. Economic factors (71.57%) were selected as the most important evaluation factors, followed by policy factors (16.26%), and technical factors (12.17%). Higher weights were assigned to indicators that directly affect profitability. Stakeholders showed significant differences in policy factors. Power generation companies showed higher weight values in policy factors than other groups. Quantification of differences in perceptions provides basic data for establishing effective investment strategies and developing policies. Therefore, the proposed model will contribute to more efficient solar PV project development.
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Kim, Sun-Hee, Seung-Cheol Baek, Ki-Bong Choi, and Sung-Jin Park. "Design and Installation of 500-kW Floating Photovoltaic Structures Using High-Durability Steel." Energies 13, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 4996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13194996.
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Countries around the world are expanding their investment in the new and renewable energy industry for strengthening energy security, improving air pollution, responding to climate change, and tackling energy poverty. In Korea, with the nuclear phase-out declaration in 2017, the government has announced a policy to expand the ratio of new and renewable energy from 4.7% to 20% by 2030. This study examines a floating photovoltaic power generation system, which is a new and renewable energy source. A structure composed of high-durability steel with excellent corrosion resistance and durability was designed for constructing and installing a 500-kW-class floating photovoltaic power generation structure. In addition, the safety of the structure was verified through finite element analysis. By reviewing the safety of the structure with respect to the wave height, the behavior of the structure was confirmed through the design wave height formula proposed in the domestic standard. The verification result confirms that the stress is within the allowable design limit. Moreover, the energy production of the floating photovoltaic generation system was measured and compared with that of a terrestrial photovoltaic generation system, and that of the former was shown to be 10% higher than that of the latter.
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TAMULAITIS, GINTAUTAS. "LEDs IN DEVELOPING WORLD." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, no. 02 (June 2011): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411006635.
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Every fifth inhabitant of our planet has no access to electric lighting. Most of them are poor people living in remote areas of developing countries. Recent progress in solid-state lighting technologies offers good opportunities to develop, commercialize and introduce off-grid lighting systems based on application of white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) in combination with photovoltaic solar panels, wind generators or tiny hydro power plants. Though strongly dependent on the mainstream progress in implementation of LEDs for general lighting, application of this technology in developing world has specific challengers, difficulties and even advantages. Lighting technology the developing world is up to leapfrog from splinters and kerosene wick lamps directly to LED lamps leaving incandescent and fluorescence lamps behind. Achievements and problems, history and future of implementation of solid-state lighting in remote villages of developing counties are discussed in this chapter.
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zhang, Li-min, and Rong-hu zhang. "The conception and countermeasures of "green hydrogen" industrial chain in Chengdu area." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123602018.
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With the application of hydrogen energy in the world, photovoltaic hydrogen producton industry has been ignited rapidly. Many Chinese governments and companies are producing hydrogen, often called "green hydrogen", from renewable sources. Japan, Germany. The Netherlands, Australia, Canada and other countries have carried out research or investment in large-scale photovoltaic hydrogen production projects. This article takes the hydrogen energy planning of Chengdu, Sichuan Province as the lead, and combines the actual conditions of the Ganzi region to discuss the feasibility of using photovoltaic power generation to produce hydrogen to support the development of the hydrogen energy industry in Chengdu under the conditions of abundant photovoltaic resources and no transmission.