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Journal articles on the topic 'Photovoltaic cells'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 June 2024

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1

Sachenko, A. V. "Lateral multijunction photovoltaic cells." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo16.01.001.

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2

Bourdoucen, Hadj, Joseph A. Jervase, Abdullah Al-Badi, Adel Gastli, and Arif Malik. "Photovoltaic Cells and Systems: Current State and Future Trends." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 5 (December 1, 2000): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol5iss0pp185-207.

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Photovoltaics is the process of converting solar energy into electrical energy. Any photovoltaic system invariably consists of solar cell arrays and electric power conditioners. Photovoltaic systems are reliable, quiet, safe and both environmentally benign and self-sustaining. In addition, they are cost-effective for applications in remote areas. This paper presents a review of solar system components and integration, manufacturing, applications, and basic research related to photovoltaics. Photovoltaic applications in Oman are also presented. Finally, the existing and the future trends in technologies and materials used for the fabrication of solar cells are summarized.

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3

Bin, Zihang. "A comparison between the mainstream heterojunction PV studies." Applied and Computational Engineering 7, no. 1 (July 21, 2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/7/20230327.

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Among the wide range of third-generation photovoltaic power generation technologies, there is a widely used type of photovoltaic - heterojunction photovoltaic cells. Although each of the different types of heterojunction photovoltaics has been studied in depth, no one has considered the direct application of the different types of heterojunction photovoltaics at the application level. This paper introduces the composition and advantages of heterojunction photovoltaic cells, and briefly introduces graphene/n-type amorphous silicon heterojunction photovoltaic, organic compound/inorganic heterojunction photovoltaic, and inorganic/inorganic heterojunction photovoltaic represented by CuO and Zn2O, and summarizes the different photovoltaic conversion efficiencies, preparation methods, and other key information of these cells, and compares these information. In particular, whether the photovoltaic conversion efficiency can reach the shockley-queisser limit is examined. Among them, the photoconversion efficiency of graphene/n-type amorphous silicon heterojunction and simple metal oxide heterojunction was not very satisfactory, and finally the heterojunction PV cell constructed by the byorganic cavity-conducting material led by Graezel et al. was chosen among the different research directions of organic/inorganic heterojunction PV cells. Cavity-conducting material combined with a titanium dioxide nanofilm with adsorbed dye as a relatively ideal heterojunction PV cell for comparison was examined in this paper, which provides a proposal for the commercial development of new heterojunction PV cells in the future.

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4

ZWEIBEL, KENNETH. "Photovoltaic Cells." Chemical & Engineering News 64, no. 27 (July 7, 1986): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v064n027.p034.

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5

Shvarts M. Z., Andreeva A. V., Andronikov D. A., Emtsev K. V., Larionov V. R., Nakhimovich M. V., Pokrovskiy P. V., Sadchikov N. A., Yakovlev S. A., and Malevskiy D. A. "Hybrid concentrator-planar photovoltaic module with heterostructure solar cells." Technical Physics Letters 49, no. 2 (2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2023.02.55371.19438.

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The paper presents a promising solution for photovoltaic modules that provides overcoming the main conceptual limitation for the concentrator concept in photovoltaics --- the impossibility to convert diffused (scattered) solar radiation coming to the panel of sunlight concentrators. The design of a hybrid concentrator-planar photovoltaic module based on heterostructure solar cells: A3B5 triple-junction and Si-HJT is presented. The results of initial outdoor studies of the module output characteristics are discussed and estimates of its energy efficiency are given. Keywords: hybrid concentrator-planar photovoltaic module, multijunction solar cell, Si-HJT planar photoconverter, diffusely scattered radiation.

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6

Shin, Dong, and Suk-Ho Choi. "Recent Studies of Semitransparent Solar Cells." Coatings 8, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100329.

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It is necessary to develop semitransparent photovoltaic cell for increasing the energy density from sunlight, useful for harvesting solar energy through the windows and roofs of buildings and vehicles. Current semitransparent photovoltaics are mostly based on Si, but it is difficult to adjust the color transmitted through Si cells intrinsically for enhancing the visual comfort for human. Recent intensive studies on translucent polymer- and perovskite-based photovoltaic cells offer considerable opportunities to escape from Si-oriented photovoltaics because their electrical and optical properties can be easily controlled by adjusting the material composition. Here, we review recent progress in materials fabrication, design of cell structure, and device engineering/characterization for high-performance/semitransparent organic and perovskite solar cells, and discuss major problems to overcome for commercialization of these solar cells.

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7

Pastuszak, Justyna, and Paweł Węgierek. "Photovoltaic Cell Generations and Current Research Directions for Their Development." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 5542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165542.

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different generations of photovoltaic cells and current research directions focusing on their development and manufacturing technologies. The introduction describes the importance of photovoltaics in the context of environmental protection, as well as the elimination of fossil sources. It then focuses on presenting the known generations of photovoltaic cells to date, mainly in terms of the achievable solar-to-electric conversion efficiencies, as well as the technology for their manufacture. In particular, the third generation of photovoltaic cells and recent trends in its field, including multi-junction cells and cells with intermediate energy levels in the forbidden band of silicon, are discussed. We also present the latest developments in photovoltaic cell manufacturing technology, using the fourth-generation graphene-based photovoltaic cells as an example. An extensive review of the world literature led us to the conclusion that, despite the appearance of newer types of photovoltaic cells, silicon cells still have the largest market share, and research into ways to improve their efficiency is still relevant.

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8

Zhou, Fu Fang, Chun Xu Pan, and Yuan Ming Huang. "Organic Photovoltaic Cells Prepared with Toluene Sulfonic Acid Doped Polypyrrole." Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (January 2010): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.450.

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Organic photovoltaic cells were fabricated by sandwiching p-toluene sulfonic acid doped conducting polymer polypyrrole between indium-tin-oxide cathodes and aluminum anodes. The active polymeric layers could effectively absorb incident photons more than 75 % in the entire spectral region of 250~1100 nm. Upon light exposure, the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage were recorded up to 0.6 μA/cm2 and 60 mV, respectively, for the organic photovoltaic cells. The dynamics of the generation and decay of the photocurrent and photovoltage in our organic photovoltaic cells were investigated.

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9

Zhou, Fu Fang, Qing Lan Ma, Yuan Ming Huang, Zhuo Ran She, and Chun Xu Pan. "Effects of Phosphoric Acid on the Photovoltaic Properties of Photovoltaic Cells with Laminated Polypyrrole-Fullerene Layers." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.861.

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By applying phosphoric acid in dispersion of fullerene in the fabrication of polypyrrolefullerene photovoltaic cells we present laminated active structure of polypyrrole and subsequent fullerene layers, with two other reference methods to incorporate fullerene: (i) in a physically blended monolayer; and (ii) in a blend from chemical reaction. I-V characteristics show that a blend monolayer cell can display photosensitive effect however without photovoltaics; a bilayer cell displays photovoltaics either in dark or in illumination, with its VOC up to1V and its JSC up to12.5 μA cm-2 under AM1 105 mW cm-2 condition. The results demonstrate that phosphoric acid is effective in dispersion of fullerene as well as combining it with polypyrrole layer in a photovoltaic cell. The effects of phosphoric acid in fabricating a bilayered photovoltaic cell are discussed mainly in terms of H-bonding.

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10

Wu, Ming-Chung, Ching-Mei Ho, Kai-Chi Hsiao, Shih-Hsuan Chen, Yin-Hsuan Chang, and Meng-Huan Jao. "Antisolvent Engineering to Enhance Photovoltaic Performance of Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010059.

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High absorption ability and direct bandgap makes lead-based perovskite to acquire high photovoltaic performance. However, lead content in perovskite becomes a double-blade for counterbalancing photovoltaic performance and sustainability. Herein, we develop a methylammonium bismuth iodide (MBI), a perovskite-derivative, to serve as a lead-free light absorber layer. Owing to the short carrier diffusion length of MBI, its film quality is a predominant factor to photovoltaic performance. Several candidates of non-polar solvent are discussed in aspect of their dipole moment and boiling point to reveal the effects of anti-solvent assisted crystallization. Through anti-solvent engineering of toluene, the morphology, crystallinity, and element distribution of MBI films are improved compared with those without toluene treatment. The improved morphology and crystallinity of MBI films promote photovoltaic performance over 3.2 times compared with the one without toluene treatment. The photovoltaic device can achieve 0.26% with minor hysteresis effect, whose hysteresis index reduces from 0.374 to 0.169. This study guides a feasible path for developing MBI photovoltaics.

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11

Chen, Song, Sai-Wing Tsang, Tzung-Han Lai, John R. Reynolds, and Franky So. "Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Dielectric Effect on the Photovoltage Loss in Organic Photovoltaic Cells (Adv. Mater. 35/2014)." Advanced Materials 26, no. 35 (September 2014): 6045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201470237.

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12

Liao, Tianjun, Zhimin Yang, Xiaohang Chen, and Jincan Chen. "Thermoradiative–Photovoltaic Cells." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 66, no. 3 (March 2019): 1386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2019.2893281.

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13

Miles, Robert W., Guillaume Zoppi, and Ian Forbes. "Inorganic photovoltaic cells." Materials Today 10, no. 11 (November 2007): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70275-4.

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14

Drew, Christopher, Xianyan Wang, Kris Senecal, Heidi Schreuder-Gibson, Jinan He, Jayant Kumar, and Lynne Samuelson. "ELECTROSPUN PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 39, no. 10 (January 11, 2002): 1085–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ma-120014836.

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15

Greenham, Neil C. "Polymer solar cells." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1996 (August 13, 2013): 20110414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0414.

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This article reviews the motivations for developing polymer-based photovoltaics and describes some of the material systems used. Current challenges are identified, and some recent developments in the field are outlined. In particular, recent work to image and control nanostructure in polymer-based solar cells is reviewed, and very recent progress is described using the unique properties of organic semiconductors to develop strategies that may allow the Shockley–Queisser limit to be broken in a simple photovoltaic cell.

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16

Chen, Zeng, Shengjun Li, and Weifeng Zhang. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based onBi4Ti3O12." International Journal of Photoenergy 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/821045.

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Bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) particles were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment and nanoporous thin films were prepared on conducting glass substrates. The structures and morphologies of the samples were examined with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Significant absorbance spectra emerged in visible region which indicated the efficient sensitization of Bi4Ti3O12with N3 dye. Surface photovoltaic properties of the samples were investigated by surface photovoltage. The results further indicate that N3 can extend the photovoltaic response range of Bi4Ti3O12nanoparticles to the visible region, which shows potential application in dye-sensitized solar cell. As a working electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the overall efficiency reached 0.48% after TiO2modification.

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17

Benda, Vitezslav. "Photovoltaics towards terawatts – progress in photovoltaic cells and modules." IET Power Electronics 8, no. 12 (December 2015): 2343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0102.

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18

Xu, Zhi Long, Chao Li, Lian Fen Liu, and Zhong Ming Huang. "Key Technology on the Solar Photovoltaic & Thermal System." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.901.

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Using the concentrating and tracking photovoltaics generation technology, the area of photovoltaic cells is only one-fifth of the traditional one if both generate same power output, and therefore the cost of photovoltaic power generation is greatly reduced. The concentrating solar cells produced with the special construction and lamination technique have the functions of heat exchanging and temperature controlling, which prevent the solar panel from over-temperature caused by the concentrating light and the crystal silicon cell pieces will always work under 60°C, and hence the photoelectric conversion efficiency increase. The rest solar energy that cannot be converted into electrical energy by the concentrating solar cells is absorbed by water flowing through it. The flat-plate collector reheat the water flowed from the concentrating solar cells’ heat exchanger and the additional product, hot water, whose temperature is over 80°C, is got. Hence, the total efficiency of photovoltaic & thermal conversion is more than 55%. The solar photovoltaic & thermal system can high efficiently, but low costly and practicably, utilize the solar photovoltaic & thermal and practical.

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19

Cotfas, Daniel Tudor, Petru Adrian Cotfas, and Octavian Mihai Machidon. "Study of Temperature Coefficients for Parameters of Photovoltaic Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5945602.

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The temperature is one of the most important factors which affect the performance of the photovoltaic cells and panels along with the irradiance. The current voltage characteristics, I-V, are measured at different temperatures from 25°C to 87°C and at different illumination levels from 400 to 1000 W/m2, because there are locations where the upper limit of the photovoltaic cells working temperature exceeds 80°C. This study reports the influence of the temperature and the irradiance on the important parameters of four commercial photovoltaic cell types: monocrystalline silicon—mSi, polycrystalline silicon—pSi, amorphous silicon—aSi, and multijunction InGaP/InGaAs/Ge (Emcore). The absolute and normalized temperature coefficients are determined and compared with their values from the related literature. The variation of the absolute temperature coefficient function of the irradiance and its significance to accurately determine the important parameters of the photovoltaic cells are also presented. The analysis is made on different types of photovoltaics cells in order to understand the effects of technology on temperature coefficients. The comparison between the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current was also performed, calculated using the temperature coefficients, determined, and measured, in various conditions. The measurements are realized using the SolarLab system, and the photovoltaic cell parameters are determined and compared using the LabVIEW software created for SolarLab system.

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20

Greulich-Weber, Siegmund, M. Zöller, and B. Friedel. "Textile Solar Cells Based on SiC Microwires." Materials Science Forum 615-617 (March 2009): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.615-617.239.

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The solar cell concept presented here is based on 3C-SiC nano- or microwires and conju¬gated polymers. Therefore the silicon carbide wires are fabricated by a sol-gel route including a car-bothermal reduction step, allowing growth with predetermined uniform diameters between 0.1 and 2μm and lengths up to several centimetres. The design of our photovoltaic device is therein based on a p-i-n structure, well known e.g. from silicon photovoltaics, involving an intrinsic semiconduc¬tor as the central photoactive layer, sandwiched between two complementary doped wide-bandgap semiconductors giving the driving force for charge separation. In our case the 3C-SiC microwires act as the electron acceptor and simultaneously as carrier material for all involved components of the photovoltaic element.

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21

Duan, Hsin-Sheng, Huanping Zhou, Qi Chen, Pengyu Sun, Song Luo, Tze-Bin Song, Brion Bob, and Yang Yang. "The identification and characterization of defect states in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite photovoltaics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 1 (2015): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04479g.

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22

Chen, Dazheng, Gang Fan, Weidong Zhu, Haifeng Yang, He Xi, Fengqing He, Zhenhua Lin, Jincheng Zhang, Chunfu Zhang, and Yue Hao. "Highly efficient bifacial CsPbIBr2 solar cells with a TeO2/Ag transparent electrode and unsymmetrical carrier transport behavior." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 18 (2020): 6012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt00407c.

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Bright red CsPbIBr₂ films possess intrinsic semitransparent features, which make them promising materials for smart photovoltaic windows, power curtain walls, top cells for tandem solar cells, and bifacial photovoltaics.

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23

Hu, Qinge, Yu Xiong, and Ziwei Xu. "Perovskite photovoltaic effect and its application on solar cell." Applied and Computational Engineering 60, no. 1 (May 7, 2024): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/60/20240836.

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Significant attention has been attracted by perovskite photovoltaic materials due to their excellent monochromatic incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency. This article will provide an overview of the fundamental principles of perovskite photovoltaic effects, the various types of perovskite photovoltaic materials, their optoelectronic properties, key factors influencing the performance of perovskite photovoltaics, and the current situation as well as future challenges of perovskite solar cells. It emphasizes that the continuous tunability of perovskite structure is pivotal in achieving highly efficient photoelectric materials. Doping and interface design plays a substantial role in enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells. Finally, the article offers a glimpse into the prospects of commercial applications and potential research directions of perovskite photovoltaic materials. This article serves as a valuable reference for further comprehension and development of efficient and stable perovskite photovoltaic materials, paving the way for advancements in renewable energy technology.

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24

Zhang, Tao, and Russell J. Holmes. "Photovoltage as a quantitative probe of carrier generation and recombination in organic photovoltaic cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 45 (2017): 11885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc04246a.

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25

Allama, F., N. Gherraf, Y. Nicolas, T. Toupance, and D. Khatmi. "Design of Dye-Sensitized Solar triphenodioxazine using TiO2 as a semiconductor." Acta Scientifica Naturalis 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/asn-2019-0006.

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Abstract The present work deals with the synthesis of multichromophores which strongly absorb the solar spectrum to functionalize the nanoparticle oxide semiconductor used in the hybrid cells. At first, we developed a material that forms a chromophore triphenodioxazine. We obtained some triphenodioxazines with high yields up to 70 percent. On the other hand, we have carried out many tests such as UV-Visible, Cyclic voltammetry for our molecules to check their electronic and optical properties. The results confirmed that these chromophores meet the criteria for use in photovoltaic cells. Finally, we have successfully realized photovoltaic cells with triphenodioxazine. The findings were very interesting since the photovoltaic conversion efficiencies ranged from 4.30% to 6.30%. The new synthesis strategy of these chromophores opens a way for the development of organic materials used for photovoltaics.

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26

Liu, Wenrui. "Key technologies for photovoltaic power generation." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 43 (April 14, 2023): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v43i.7407.

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In the face of the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems in the world, it is imperative to develop renewable energy, including photovoltaic power generation. The fact that photovoltaics is still in their infancy suggests that they have a lot of potential. Wide-ranging potential for solar power generation opens up a lot of room for the advancement of photovoltaic technology and industrial growth. Solar energy is mainly used for photovoltaic power generation system (PV system). Its main components are solar cells, batteries, controllers and inverters. Solar cells and MPPT technology are the two main structure in PV system. The development of solar photovoltaic power generation is the premise of the development of photovoltaic technology, because he is an important element of photoelectric conversion, which is related to the energy conversion of the entire system. MPPT voltage is a very critical parameter in the design of photovoltaic power plants. In this article, advantages and disadvantages of four different types of solar cells and their improvement methods will be exponded, while the MPPT technology starts from the traditional algorithm and the intelligent algorithm, with the introduction of several different algorithms. The final prospect of the two key technologies is given at the end of this paper.

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Yang, Rui Q., Wenxiang Huang, and Michael B. Santos. "Narrow bandgap photovoltaic cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 238 (May 2022): 111636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2022.111636.

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Yang, Xun, Chong-Xin Shan, Ying-Jie Lu, Xiu-Hua Xie, Bing-Hui Li, Shuang-Peng Wang, Ming-Ming Jiang, and De-Zhen Shen. "Transparent ultraviolet photovoltaic cells." Optics Letters 41, no. 4 (February 5, 2016): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.41.000685.

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29

Edwards, C. "Efficiency drive [photovoltaic cells]." Engineering & Technology 5, no. 17 (November 13, 2010): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2010.1723.

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Wang, Kai, Chang Liu, Tianyu Meng, Chao Yi, and Xiong Gong. "Inverted organic photovoltaic cells." Chemical Society Reviews 45, no. 10 (2016): 2937–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00831j.

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Recent progresses in device structures, working mechanisms, functions and advances of each component layer, as well their correlations with the efficiency and stability of inverted OPVs, are reviewed and illustrated.

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Bailey-Salzman, Rhonda F., Barry P. Rand, and Stephen R. Forrest. "Semitransparent organic photovoltaic cells." Applied Physics Letters 88, no. 23 (June 5, 2006): 233502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2209176.

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32

Coakley, Kevin M., and Michael D. McGehee. "Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaic Cells." Chemistry of Materials 16, no. 23 (November 2004): 4533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm049654n.

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Sato, Yusuke, Kumiko Yamagishi, and Masafumi Yamashita. "Multilayer Structure Photovoltaic Cells." Optical Review 12, no. 4 (July 2005): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-005-0324-3.

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Oumnov, A. G., V. Z. Mordkovich, and Y. Takeuchi. "Polythiophene/fullerene photovoltaic cells." Synthetic Metals 121, no. 1-3 (March 2001): 1581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(00)01304-7.

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35

Byun, Won-Bae, Sang Kyu Lee, Jong-Cheol Lee, Sang-Jin Moon, and Won Suk Shin. "Bladed organic photovoltaic cells." Current Applied Physics 11, no. 1 (January 2011): S179—S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2010.11.004.

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36

Kiela, Karolis. "PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS / FOTOVOLTINIAI ELEMENTAI." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 4, no. 1 (April 23, 2012): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2012.13.

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The article deals with an overview of photovoltaic cells that are currently manufactured and those being developed, including one or several p-n junction, organic and dye-sensitized cells using quantum dots. The paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of various photovoltaic cells, identifies the main parameters, explains the main reasons for the losses that may occur in photovoltaic cells and looks at the ways to minimize them. Santrauka Analizuojami rinkoje esantys ir ateityje į ją numatomi tiekti fotovoltiniai elementai: vienos, kelių p-n sandūrų, organiniai, dažais įjautrinti elementai su kvantiniais taškais. Aptariami jų privalumai ir trūkumai, įvardijami pagrindiniai fotovoltinius elementus aprašantys parametrai. Nurodomos pagrindinės dėl fotovoltinių elementų atsirandančių nuostolių priežastys ir būdai, kaip juos mažinti.

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37

Saunders, Brian R., and Michael L. Turner. "Nanoparticle–polymer photovoltaic cells." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 138, no. 1 (April 2008): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2007.09.001.

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38

Hübler, Arved, Bystrik Trnovec, Tino Zillger, Moazzam Ali, Nora Wetzold, Markus Mingebach, Alexander Wagenpfahl, Carsten Deibel, and Vladimir Dyakonov. "Printed Paper Photovoltaic Cells." Advanced Energy Materials 1, no. 6 (September 14, 2011): 1018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201100394.

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39

Green, M. A. "Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells." Advanced Materials 13, no. 12-13 (July 2001): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200107)13:12/13<1019::aid-adma1019>3.0.co;2-i.

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40

Zhang, Zhihan, Qiaoyu Wang, Demou Cao, and Kai Kang. "Impact of Photovoltaics." Modern Electronic Technology 5, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/met.v5i1.6315.

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Photovoltaics (PV) can convert sunlight into electricity by making use of the photovoltaic effect. Solar panels consist of photovoltaic cells made of semiconductor materials (such as silicon) to utilise the photovoltaic effect and convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. Nowadays, PV has become the cheapest electrical power source with low price bids and low panel prices. The competitiveness makes it a potential path to mitigate the global warming. In this paper, we investigate the relationship of PC array output with irradiance and temperature, the performance of PV array over 24 hours period, and the simulation of PV micro grid by MATLAB simulation.

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Gregg, Brian A. "The Photoconversion Mechanism of Excitonic Solar Cells." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 1 (January 2005): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.3.

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AbstractExcitonic solar cells (XSCs) function by a mechanism that is different than that of conventional solar cells.They have different limitations on their open circuit photovoltages, and their behavior cannot be interpreted as if they were conventional p–n heterojunctions. Exciton dissociation at the heterojunction produces electrons on one side of the interface already separated from the holes produced on the other side of the interface. This creates a powerful photoinduced interfacial chemical potential energy gradient that drives the photovoltaic effect, even in the absence of a built-in electrical potential. The maximum thermodynamic efficiency achievable in an XSC is shown to be identical to that of a conventional solar cell, with the substitution of the optical bandgap in the XSC for the electronic bandgap in the conventional cell. This article briefly reviews the photovoltaic mechanism of XSCs, the limitations on their photovoltage, and their maximum achievable efficiency.

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Chen, Song, Sai-Wing Tsang, Tzung-Han Lai, John R. Reynolds, and Franky So. "Dielectric Effect on the Photovoltage Loss in Organic Photovoltaic Cells." Advanced Materials 26, no. 35 (July 28, 2014): 6125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201401987.

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Fanney, A. Hunter, Brian P. Dougherty, and Mark W. Davis. "Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels*." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 123, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1385824.

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The photovoltaic industry is experiencing rapid growth. Industry analysts project that photovoltaic sales will increase from their current $1.5 billion level to over $27 billion by 2020, representing an average growth rate of 25%. (Cook et. al. 2000)[1]. To date, the vast majority of sales have been for navigational signals, call boxes, telecommunication centers, consumer products, off-grid electrification projects, and small grid-interactive residential rooftop applications. Building integrated photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic cells into one or more of the exterior surfaces of the building envelope, represents a small but growing photovoltaic application. In order for building owners, designers, and architects to make informed economic decisions regarding the use of building integrated photovoltaics, accurate predictive tools and performance data are needed. A building integrated photovoltaic test bed has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to provide the performance data needed for model validation. The facility incorporates four identical pairs of building integrated photovoltaic panels constructed using single-crystalline, polycrystalline, silicon film, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells. One panel of each identical pair is installed with thermal insulation attached to its rear surface. The second paired panel is installed without thermal insulation. This experimental configuration yields results that quantify the effect of elevated cell temperature on the panels’ performance for different cell technologies. This paper presents the first set of experimental results from this facility. Comparisons are made between the electrical performance of the insulated and non-insulated panels for each of the four cell technologies. The monthly and overall conversion efficiencies for each cell technology are presented and the seasonal performance variations discussed. Daily efficiencies are presented for a selected month. Finally, plots of the power output and panel temperatures are presented and discussed for the single-crystalline and amorphous silicon panels.

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Marques Lameirinhas, Ricardo A., João Paulo N. Torres, and João P. de Melo Cunha. "A Photovoltaic Technology Review: History, Fundamentals and Applications." Energies 15, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051823.

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Photovoltaic technology has become a huge industry, based on the enormous applications for solar cells. In the 19th century, when photoelectric experiences started to be conducted, it would be unexpected that these optoelectronic devices would act as an essential energy source, fighting the ecological footprint brought by non-renewable sources, since the industrial revolution. Renewable energy, where photovoltaic technology has an important role, is present in 3 out of 17 United Nations 2030 goals. However, this path cannot be taken without industry and research innovation. This article aims to review and summarise all the meaningful milestones from photovoltaics history. Additionally, an extended review of the advantages and disadvantages among different technologies is done. Photovoltaics fundamentals are also presented from the photoelectric effect on a p-n junction to the electrical performance characterisation and modelling. Cells’ performance under unusual conditions are summarised, such as due to temperature variation or shading. Finally, some applications are presented and some project feasibility indicators are analysed. Thus, the review presented in this article aims to clarify to readers noteworthy milestones in photovoltaics history, summarise its fundamentals and remarkable applications to catch the attention of new researchers for this interesting field.

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Luo, Kaiying, Wanhua Wu, Sihang Xie, Yasi Jiang, Shengzu Liao, and Donghuan Qin. "Building Solar Cells from Nanocrystal Inks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091885.

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The use of solution-processed photovoltaics is a low cost, low material-consuming way to harvest abundant solar energy. Organic semiconductors based on perovskite or colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics have been well developed in recent years; however, stability is still an important issue for these photovoltaic devices. By combining solution processing, chemical treatment, and sintering technology, compact and efficient CdTe nanocrystal (NC) solar cells can be fabricated with high stability by optimizing the architecture of devices. Here, we review the progress on solution-processed CdTe NC-based photovoltaics. We focus particularly on NC materials and the design of devices that provide a good p–n junction quality, a graded bandgap for extending the spectrum response, and interface engineering to decrease carrier recombination. We summarize the progress in this field and give some insight into device processing, including element doping, new hole transport material application, and the design of new devices.

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Fanney, A. Hunter, Brian P. Dougherty, and Mark W. Davis. "Short-Term Characterization of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels*." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, no. 1 (January 27, 2003): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1531642.

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Building integrated photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic cells into one or more exterior building surfaces, represents a small but growing part of today’s $2 billion dollar photovoltaic industry. A barrier to the widespread use of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive simulation tools needed to make informed economic decisions. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has undertaken a multi-year project to compare the measured performance of BIPV panels to the predictions of photovoltaic simulation tools. The existing simulation models require input parameters that characterize the electrical performance of BIPV panels subjected to various meteorological conditions. This paper describes the experimental apparatus and test procedures used to capture the required parameters. Results are presented for custom fabricated mono-crystalline, polycrystalline, and silicon film BIPV panels and a commercially available triple junction amorphous silicon panel.

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Zając, Dorota, Jadwiga Sołoducho, and Joanna Cabaj. "Organic Triads for Solar Cells Application: A Review." Current Organic Chemistry 24, no. 6 (May 25, 2020): 658–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824666200311151421.

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The need to find alternative sources of energy and environmental protection has resulted in the significant development of organic photovoltaics. The synthesis of organic compounds that will ensure the efficiency of the cells has become a key issue. In this work, we present an overview of materials based on donor-linker-acceptor structural motifs, and summarize the current state of research which can help in the design of new, effective photovoltaic materials.

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Zeinidenov, A. K., and N. Kh Ibrayev. "Photovoltaic and electrophysical properties of plasmon-enhanced organic solar cells." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics Series" 88, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2017phys4/18-23.

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Magdi, Joseph, Irene Samy, and Ehab Mina. "Improving the Performance of Organic Photovoltaic Panels by Integrating Heat Pipe for Cooling." International Journal of Heat and Technology 40, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 1376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.400604.

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A new photovoltaic technology is manufactured from an organic material that easily degrades in nature. Unfortunately, organic photovoltaics suffer from low thermal stability and lower power conversion efficiency compared with silicon-based photovoltaics. Cooling is critical in this type of photovoltaic because of these factors. This research investigates a new method to cool this organic photovoltaic with a heat pipe to achieve a minimum operating temperature and maximum temperature uniformity, the heat pipe design is fixed, and the number of cells served by a single heat pipe is studied. For each case, the temperature distribution is plotted, and the maximum and the range in the temperature distribution are recorded, respectively, as a measure of the cell's performance. The temperature of the cell is evaluated numerically using COMSOL 5.6 Multiphysics™ software with and without the heat pipe. The electrical performance was estimated in both cases using GPVDM™ software. Consequently, the combined system of panel and cell reaches a maximum thermal stability at a minimum temperature of 33.4℃ instead of 52℃ without a heat pipe, which improves the electrical performance and the power conversion efficiency by 0.24%.

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Al Tarabsheh, Anas, Abduallah Ghazal, Mohamed Asad, Yousef Morci, Issa Etier, Amgad El Haj, and Hassan Fath. "Performance of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic thermal (PVT) modules." IET Renewable Power Generation 10, no. 7 (August 1, 2016): 1017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0001.

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