Journal articles: 'Photovoltaic Architecture'

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Devetaković, Mirjana, Djordje Djordjević, Milan Radojević, Aleksandra Krstić-Furundžić, Bogdan-Gabriel Burduhos, Georgios Martinopoulos, Mircea Neagoe, and Gabriele Lobaccaro. "Photovoltaics on Landmark Buildings with Distinctive Geometries." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 6696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196696.

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This review study, framed in the Work group 4 “Photovoltaic in built environment” within the COST Action PEARL PV, CA16235, aims to examine applications of integrated and applied photovoltaic technologies on ten landmark buildings characterised by distinctive geometries, highlighting the aesthetics of their architecture and quality of PV integration based on a proposed set of seven criteria. The selected building samples cover a large design diversity related to the quality of PV systems integration into building envelope that could serve as a basis for general guidelines of best architectural and technological practice. After introducing the problem and defining the research methodology, an analysis of ten landmark buildings is presented, as representative models of aesthetics of their architecture, photovoltaic integration and implementation and energy performance. The study concludes with the main characteristics of photovoltaic integration on landmark buildings. The paper is intended to support both engineers and architects in comprehending the convergent development of contemporary architecture and photovoltaic technology, as well as the need for a closer collaboration, sometimes resulting in architectural masterworks that promote the diffusion of photovoltaics to the public.

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Kimura, Ken-ichi. "Photovoltaic systems and architecture." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 35 (September 11, 1994): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)90168-6.

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Marchwiński, Janusz. "Architectural analysis of photovoltaic (PV) module applications on non-flat roofs." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura 22 (July 24, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspa.2023.22.1.

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Due to the growing importance of renewable energy sources (RES) technology, a noticeable increase in interest in photovoltaics can be observed. Roofs most often provide the places where photovoltaic (PV) modules are installed. In many cases, ill-considered decisions concerning the selection of PV modules and their installation lead to unfavourable architectural effects. The article aims to examine the possibility of integrating PV modules installed on non-flat roofs with the broadly understood building architecture. An observational method based on case studies was applied to the study. Not only aesthetic aspects but also functional and technical aspects were considered while paying attention to energy issues. The conducted analysis indicates a good level of possibilities for integrating PV modules with architecture and these possibilities vary depending on the geometric features of the roof. Applications within full and glazed roofs are also rather distinctive.

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Ananda, Kevin, and Agus Hariyadi. "Adaptive Photovoltaic Performance Study with a Biomimetic Approach for Energy Saving." Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jarina.v2i1.6331.

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The facade has a function to improve the energy performance of the building by controlling the acquisition of sunlight and natural lighting. The biomimetic architecture approach is one form of architecture that imitates the principles of nature—integrating photovoltaics with facades to utilize solar lighting and generate electricity for building needs. The novelty of this study aims to examine the effectiveness of adaptive facade forms with a biomimetic approach integrated with photovoltaic on heat transfer and energy saving and determine the factors that influence it. This study uses the parametric modeling simulation method. In addition, this study compares aspects of heat transfer and energy generated by photovoltaics on adaptive facades with a biomimetic approach. The study's results using a flower petal-shaped adaptive biomimetic facade showed that OTTV 35 watt/m2 (standard) obtained all grid configurations with an opening angle of 10-20 degrees, and the average electrical energy produced by integrated Photovoltaic was around 1,757.7 kWh. This result provides energy savings of 20.03% on a building.

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Yoo, Seung-Ho, and Hee-Jeong Choi. "Solar Architecture Integrated Bi-Facial Photovoltaic System as a Shade." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091625.

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Solar architecture is defined as a kind of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) in which the PV modules are deployed to passive solar concepts, to minimize the heating and cooling load, to upgrade the indoor environment, and to be adjustable for regional weather and to continuously succeed architectural culture. Solar architecture needs to consider the architectural culture and climate of the region through an ecological convergence. The ecological criteria lead to optimizing solar architecture through an ecological convergence of a passive intelligence and renewable energy system. The optimal angle of the bi-facial PV module as a shade is 23.5° considering the physical interaction and the traditional architecture in Korea according to the ecological criteria. The shading concept of the PV module reduces 27.5~34% of the building cooling load. Effective solar irradiance (ESR) is very important not only for PV efficiency but also for the system usage rate. This ESR should be controlled depending on the climate condition to maximize the total energy elimination factor and total energy transmittance factor for a window. The MB-BIPVS play an excellent role to maximize the total energy elimination factor and total energy transmittance factor for a window.

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Wang, Zheng, Yanli Xiao, Ye Wan, Ke Liu, and Xiyuan Wang. "Research on energy management strategy of photovoltaic–battery energy storage system." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 17 (2022): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctac024.

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Abstract Photovoltaics have the advantages of being clean and renewable and have gained a wide range of applications. It is promising to use photovoltaic energy for the power supply of buildings, as the building sector accounts for a large portion of global energy consumption with a constantly increasing trend. However, photovoltaics are greatly affected by time and environment, and it is usually combined with batteries to form a photovoltaic–battery energy storage system to meet the load demand. This paper aims to analyze and compare energy management strategies of an on-grid solar photovoltaic–battery system for a real building project in a typical May and October region, but unlike other studies, the strategies used in this paper are very simple and easy to implement. It can also realize photovoltaic, battery and grid to meet the load power demand. Two strategies are used in this paper. Strategy 1 is to maximize the utilization of the energy generated by photovoltaics: while the energy generated by photovoltaics cannot meet the load demand, the battery will provide energy, and while the battery cannot meet the load demand, the grid will provide energy. The photovoltaic energy is given priority to the battery under the premise of meeting the load demand. Strategy 2 is to use the time-of-use electricity price, and the battery obtains cheap electricity at night to meet the load of the high electricity price the next day. The feasibility of the strategy used is demonstrated by actual data of buildings and photovoltaic–battery energy storage systems. This study can provide theoretical references for the energy management and system operation to facility managers and building occupants.

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Nasir, Mashood, Saqib Iqbal, Hassan A. Khan, Juan C. Vasquez, and Josep M. Guerrero. "Sustainable Rural Electrification Through Solar PV DC Microgrids—An Architecture-Based Assessment." Processes 8, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111417.

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) direct current (DC) microgrids have gained significant popularity during the last decade for low cost and sustainable rural electrification. Various system architectures have been practically deployed, however, their assessment concerning system sizing, losses, and operational efficiency is not readily available in the literature. Therefore, in this research work, a mathematical framework for the comparative analysis of various architectures of solar photovoltaic-based DC microgrids for rural applications is presented. The compared architectures mainly include (a) central generation and central storage architecture, (b) central generation and distributed storage architecture, (c) distributed generation and central storage architecture, and (d) distributed generation and distributed storage architecture. Each architecture is evaluated for losses, including distribution losses and power electronic conversion losses, for typical power delivery from source end to the load end in the custom village settings. Newton–Raphson method modified for DC power flow was used for distribution loss analysis, while power electronic converter loss modeling along with the Matlab curve-fitting tool was used for the evaluation of power electronic losses. Based upon the loss analysis, a framework for DC microgrid components (PV and battery) sizing was presented and also applied to the various architectures under consideration. The case study results show that distributed generation and distributed storage architecture with typical usage diversity of 40% is the most feasible architecture from both system sizing and operational cost perspectives and is 13% more efficient from central generation and central storage architecture for a typical village of 40 houses. The presented framework and the analysis results will be useful in selecting an optimal DC microgrid architecture for future rural electrification implementations.

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Chehab, Oussama. "The intelligent façade photovoltaic and architecture." Renewable Energy 5, no. 1-4 (August 1994): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(94)90371-9.

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Haghighi, Zoheir, Mahboubeh Angali Dehnavi, Thaleia Konstantinou, Andy van den Dobbelsteen, and Tillmann Klein. "Architectural Photovoltaic Applications: Lessons Learnt and Perceptions from Architects." Buildings 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020062.

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Researchers have reported that despite technological development in photovoltaic technology and substantial cost reduction, there is still a narrow interest in architectural photovoltaic applications (APA). Lack of interest is correlated to various bottlenecks, and one of them is a lack of knowledge among architects on the possibilities and approaches to adopt APA. In response to the issues mentioned, the aim of the research presented was collecting qualitative and quantitative information from architects as lessons learned and perceptions in regards to APA. In total, 30 architects with and without experience of using photovoltaics (PV) were invited and interviewed. They were asked about their experience, design and decision-making process with PV, their understanding of integration, and the decisive factors to use APA. The results showed apparent differences between the experiences and perceptions, and they highlighted the lessons learned from realized projects. The analysis of the visual implication of PV integration shows that, to the eyes of architects, integration of PV into architecture does not depend on the PV product used, but instead, that when PV is part of the design concept and design process, the outcome is seen as a meaningful integration.

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CHAHMI, Abdelghani. "Study of photovoltaic systems with differences connecting configuration topologies for applications in renewable energy systems." International Journal of Energetica 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47238/ijeca.v4i1.83.

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This paper focuses in the optimization of the efficiency of photovoltaic power conversion systems; we present a new alternative for improving both the optimization of the efficiency of photovoltaic power conversion chain. In this way, we present to the valuation problem of photovoltaic by new coupling systems between photovoltaic generators and their loads and performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the efficiency of the energy conversion by using different configuration of power converters. Different type’s improvements have been proposed of different architecture in order to choose the correct PV architecture for each PV installation on the efficiency improvement in all power conversion level stages between PV cells and loads. In this context, this work presents the study and adaptive simulation of photovoltaic systems with micro inverters configurations for applications of renewable energy. We performed comparative between a central and distribution connection of converter via an adaptation floor with Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) control. For this reason, it is important to know different types of architecture and different configuration of power converters in order to choose the correct PV architecture for each PV installation. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the proposed topologies to provide improvement in efficiency over existing traditional PV systems.

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Chao, Wang, Lei Lei, Yang Fan, Zhang Xu, and Chi Yaodan. "Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in Intelligent Architecture." International Journal of Performability Engineering 16, no. 8 (2020): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.23940/ijpe.20.08.p17.12991309.

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Jayathissa, P., S. Caranovic, J. Hofer, Z. Nagy, and A. Schlueter. "Performative design environment for kinetic photovoltaic architecture." Automation in Construction 93 (September 2018): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.05.013.

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Ravyts, Simon, Mauricio Dalla Vecchia, Giel Van den Broeck, and Johan Driesen. "Review on Building-Integrated Photovoltaics Electrical System Requirements and Module-Integrated Converter Recommendations." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 23, 2019): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081532.

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Since building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules are typically installed during, not after, the construction phase, BIPVs have a profound impact compared to conventional building-applied photovoltaics on the electrical installation and construction planning of a building. As the cost of BIPV modules decreases over time, the impact of electrical system architecture and converters will become more prevalent in the overall cost of the system. This manuscript provides an overview of potential BIPV electrical architectures. System-level criteria for BIPV installations are established, thus providing a reference framework to compare electrical architectures. To achieve modularity and to minimize engineering costs, module-level DC/DC converters preinstalled in the BIPV module turned out to be the best solution. The second part of this paper establishes converter-level requirements, derived and related to the BIPV system. These include measures to increase the converter fault tolerance for extended availability and to ensure essential safety features.

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Jayaudhaya, J., K. Ramash Kumar, V. Tamil Selvi, and N. Padmavathi. "Improved Performance Analysis of PV Array Model Using Flower Pollination Algorithm and Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (August 5, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5803771.

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The efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) system under partial shading conditions (PSCs) is primarily determined by how the PV panels are connected to the load. Various PV system architectures have been developed to improve power processing capability and thus power conversion efficiency. In this article, a central and string architecture are considered, and the performance characteristics are obtained using optimization techniques such as gray wolf optimization (GWO) and flower pollination algorithm (FPA) in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that the performance characteristics of string architecture obtained using the GWO algorithm outperform central architecture with both GWO and FPA.

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Livera, Andreas, George Paphitis, Marios Theristis, Javier Lopez-Lorente, George Makrides, and George E. Georghiou. "Photovoltaic System Health-State Architecture for Data-Driven Failure Detection." Solar 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar2010006.

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The timely detection of photovoltaic (PV) system failures is important for maintaining optimal performance and lifetime reliability. A main challenge remains the lack of a unified health-state architecture for the uninterrupted monitoring and predictive performance of PV systems. To this end, existing failure detection models are strongly dependent on the availability and quality of site-specific historic data. The scope of this work is to address these fundamental challenges by presenting a health-state architecture for advanced PV system monitoring. The proposed architecture comprises of a machine learning model for PV performance modeling and accurate failure diagnosis. The predictive model is optimally trained on low amounts of on-site data using minimal features and coupled to functional routines for data quality verification, whereas the classifier is trained under an enhanced supervised learning regime. The results demonstrated high accuracies for the implemented predictive model, exhibiting normalized root mean square errors lower than 3.40% even when trained with low data shares. The classification results provided evidence that fault conditions can be detected with a sensitivity of 83.91% for synthetic power-loss events (power reduction of 5%) and of 97.99% for field-emulated failures in the test-bench PV system. Finally, this work provides insights on how to construct an accurate PV system with predictive and classification models for the timely detection of faults and uninterrupted monitoring of PV systems, regardless of historic data availability and quality. Such guidelines and insights on the development of accurate health-state architectures for PV plants can have positive implications in operation and maintenance and monitoring strategies, thus improving the system’s performance.

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D’Ambrosio, Valeria, Mario Losasso, and Enza Tersigni. "Towards the Energy Transition of the Building Stock with BIPV: Innovations, Gaps and Potential Steps for a Widespread Use of Multifunctional PV Components in the Building Envelope." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 15, 2021): 12609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212609.

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The scenario that emerges from scientific research on the use of BIPV systems in architecture shows that photovoltaic technologies and systems have reached a significant development in production and installation, becoming a strategic approach in the field of energy efficiency and enabling a progressive decarbonisation of the building stock. Still, knowledge and methods of architectural integration are not fully developed, especially in Italy. The present paper reports the results of a research activity that, systematising the main criteria and indicators for assessing the integrability of BIPVs in architecture, has led to the development of BIPV Product and Case Study Catalogues that define an up-to-date state of the art on aspects of design and technological innovation using BIPV systems and components. Catalogues have been created with the objective of contributing to the growth of knowledge on the most up-to-date methods of design by implementing a ‘technology transfer’ from good practice, in which photovoltaic systems are an integral part of the design concept and construction techniques of the architecture. The analysis related to the production of BIPV systems and components and their application in architectural projects allows one to highlight the main critical factors in the diffusion throughout the country and to identify the main research demand arising from the specific national situation.

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Haque, A., F. Sultana, M. A. Awal, and M. Rahman. "Efficiency Improvement of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cell through Device Architecture Modification." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 5 (2012): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2012.v4.434.

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Kerslake, Thomas W. "Effect of Voltage Level on Power System Design for Solar Electric Propulsion Missions." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 126, no. 3 (July 19, 2004): 936–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1710523.

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This paper presents study results quantifying the benefits of higher voltage, electric power system designs for a typical solar electric propulsion spacecraft Earth orbiting mission. A conceptual power system architecture was defined and design points were generated for several system voltages using state-of-the-art or advanced technologies. A 300-V “direct-drive” architecture was also analyzed to assess the benefits of directly powering the electric thruster from the photovoltaic array without up-conversion. Computational models were exercised to predict the performance and size power system components to meet spacecraft mission requirements. Pertinent space environments were calculated for the mission trajectory and an electron current collection model was developed to estimate photovoltaic array losses due to natural and induced plasma environments. The secondary benefits of power system mass savings for spacecraft propulsion and attitude control systems were also quantified. Results indicate that considerable spacecraft wet mass savings were achieved by the 300-V and 300-V direct-drive architectures.

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Venkataraman, D., Serkan Yurt, B. Harihara Venkatraman, and Nagarjuna Gavvalapalli. "Role of Molecular Architecture in Organic Photovoltaic Cells." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 1, no. 6 (February 25, 2010): 947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz1000819.

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Karoui, Fathia, Bertrand Chambion, Fabrice Claudon, and Benjamin Commault. "Integrated Photovoltaics Potential for Passenger Cars: A Focus on the Sensitivity to Electrical Architecture Losses." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 19, 2023): 8373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148373.

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Vehicle integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) are among the identified solutions to reduce the environmental impacts of the transport sector. The model developed here simulates the VIPV system. It considers various usage patterns and vehicle types, several characteristics of the photovoltaic system and all the losses that may decrease energy yield. Focusing on a passenger car, simulations indicate the order of influence of the parameters on the outputs of the model: geographic locality, shading, thresholds due to extra-consumption needed to charge the vehicle’s battery from the photovoltaic (PV) system and occurrence of recharge with the grid. With technology projections for 2030, with 30% shading, VIPV will cover a distance of up to 1444 km per year. This represents up to 12% of the driven mileage. For the best month, it can reach up to 14 km/day. For average Europe and realistic conditions, VIPV cover 648 km per year. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of a solarized passenger car shows a negative balance for a low-carbon electricity mix and average solar irradiance. In favorable conditions, the carbon footprint is up to 489 kg of CO2-equivalent avoided emissions on a 13-year lifespan. Beyond the focus on km and LCA, VIPV may provide useful functions in non-interconnected zones and for resilience in disaster areas.

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Shuldan, Larysa, and Saer Al-Akhmmadi. "Photovoltaic Systems Integration Rules and Restrictions in the Historic Buildings Architecture." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022119.

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Abstract Solar photovoltaic systems integration into historic buildings can change significantly the expenses and energy consumption balance in the most energy-unfavourable urban planning segment. A major challenge of renewable energy sources integration is historic buildings value and aesthetics preservation, subject to present legislation compliance and legacy preservation policies. This publication evaluates the solar photovoltaic systems integration in the scope of finding consistency between legal and aesthetic restrictions.

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Zhao, Chun Lei, Tian Li, Yun Liang, and Tuo Zhang. "The Electrical Design and Research on Rooftop Photovoltaic System of Northeast Area Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.559.

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In recent years, civilbuilding photovoltaic system develops very soon in China. But it still in its infancystage and it is urgent to formulate and perfect the photovoltaic standardsystem for different climate zones and construction type. Aiming at thecharacteristics of northeast area of sunshine, we analyze the principle andmethod for photovoltaic system design of civil architecture, developed abuilding rooftop photovoltaic system in this paper. On building in the area ofelectrical system design, simulation of photovoltaic use PVSyst, and thephotovoltaic power generation system simulation results in northeast area ofbuilding roof is obtained.

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Cao, Jian, Cong Yan, and Yan Bao Li. "Application of Photovoltaic Radar Target Simulator Using Neural Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1583.

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This paper discusses photovoltaic radar target simulator using NN, which provides a virtual simulation test environment for photovoltaic radar. A description of the controller architecture and associated stability analysis is given, followed by a more in-depth look at its application to a tiltrotor aircraft. Finally, it is proved that the control process of the photovoltaic simulator has superior performance and expected effect.

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Cheng, Yan, Ebuka S. Arinze, Nathan Palmquist, and Susanna M. Thon. "Advancing colloidal quantum dot photovoltaic technology." Nanophotonics 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0017.

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Abstract Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive materials for solar cells due to their low cost, ease of fabrication and spectral tunability. Progress in CQD photovoltaic technology over the past decade has resulted in power conversion efficiencies approaching 10%. In this review, we give an overview of this progress, and discuss limiting mechanisms and paths for future improvement in CQD solar cell technology.We briefly summarize nanoparticle synthesis and film processing methods and evaluate the optoelectronic properties of CQD films, including the crucial role that surface ligands play in materials performance. We give an overview of device architecture engineering in CQD solar cells. The compromise between carrier extraction and photon absorption in CQD photovoltaics is analyzed along with different strategies for overcoming this trade-off. We then focus on recent advances in absorption enhancement through innovative device design and the use of nanophotonics. Several light-trapping schemes, which have resulted in large increases in cell photocurrent, are described in detail. In particular, integrating plasmonic elements into CQD devices has emerged as a promising approach to enhance photon absorption through both near-field coupling and far-field scattering effects. We also discuss strategies for overcoming the single junction efficiency limits in CQD solar cells, including tandem architectures, multiple exciton generation and hybrid materials schemes. Finally, we offer a perspective on future directions for the field and the most promising paths for achieving higher device efficiencies.

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Vega-Garita, Victor, Muhammad Sofyan, Nishant Narayan, Laura Ramirez-Elizondo, and Pavol Bauer. "Energy Management System for the Photovoltaic Battery Integrated Module." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 3371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123371.

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Given the complementary nature of photovoltaic (PV) generation and energy storage, the combination of a solar panel and a battery pack in one single device is proposed. To realize this concept, the PV Battery-Integrated Module (PBIM), it is fundamental to analyze the system architecture and energy management. This paper focuses on selecting a suitable architecture among the different options, while also indicating the control strategy that the converters must follow to ensure appropriate performance. Also, several modes of operation for the complete system are introduced to implement energy management. For the selected DC architecture, two case studies, viz. off-grid and peak-shaving for a grid-tied system, were employed to characterize the response of the model demonstrating its utility to perform maximum power-point tracking, excess solar power curtailment, and battery charging and discharging. The proposed control and system architecture prove to be feasible for a PV battery-integrated device such as PBIM.

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Katore, M. S., K. R. Nemade, S. S. Yawale, and S. P. Yawale. "Photovoltaic application of architecture ITO/graphene oxide–polyaniline/aluminum." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 27, no. 9 (June 3, 2016): 9828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5049-5.

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Al-Dainy, Gailan A., Shawn E. Bourdo, Viney Saini, Brian C. Berry, and Alexandru S. Biris. "Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices: Properties, Architecture, and Fabrication Methods." Energy Technology 5, no. 3 (February 8, 2017): 373–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201600486.

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Misra, R. D. K., D. Depan, V. S. A. Challa, and J. S. Shah. "Supramolecular structures fabricated through the epitaxial growth of semiconducting poly(3-hexylthiophene) on carbon nanotubes as building blocks of nanoscale electronics." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 36 (2014): 19122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02089h.

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Choi, Ho Soon. "Kinetic Photovoltaic Facade System Based on a Parametric Design for Application in Signal Box Buildings in Switzerland." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (April 6, 2023): 4633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074633.

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This study aims to produce renewable energy by applying a solar-energy-harvesting architectural design using solar panels on the facade of a building. To install as many solar panels as possible on the building elevation, the Signal Box auf dem Wolf, located in Basel, Switzerland, was selected as the research target. The solar panels to be installed on the facade of the Signal Box auf dem Wolf are planned such that they are able to move according to the optimal tilt angle every month to allow maximal energy generation. The kinetic photovoltaic facade system and the simulation of renewable energy generation were implemented using a parametric design. The novelty of this study is the development of a kinetic photovoltaic facade system using a parametric design algorithm. From the perspective of renewable energy in the field of architecture, the kinetic photovoltaic facade system developed in this study has the advantage of producing maximal renewable energy according to the optimal tilt angle of the solar panels. Additionally, building facades that move according to the optimal tilt angle will contribute to the expansion of the field of sustainable architectural design.

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Kumar, Naveen, Thanh Tai Nguyen, Hyeong-Ho Park, Kibum Lee, Sang Moon Kim, and Joondong Kim. "Role of substrate architecture and modelling on photocurrent and photovoltage in TiO2/NiO transparent photovoltaic." Materials Research Bulletin 142 (October 2021): 111421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2021.111421.

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Fernández, Miguel Ángel Fernández, Juan Luis Carús Candás, Pablo Barredo Gil, Antonio Miranda de la Torre, and Gabriel Díaz Orueta. "An Industry 4.0 Approach for Photovoltaic Plants Monitoring." Proceedings 2, no. 23 (November 5, 2018): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2231409.

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The exploitation of photovoltaic energy has experienced a great growth worldwide in recent years. Photovoltaic installations are characterized by the presence of a large number of devices and elements. This situation makes the operation and performance of a photovoltaic installation dependent of a large number of parameters and variables. Moreover, due to the size of some photovoltaic installations, a high volume of heterogeneous data is produced. Traditional approaches cannot tackle with such a huge amount of generated data. Through the adoption of a software architecture based on Industry 4.0. Key Enabling Technologies (such as Internet of Things and Big Data, among others), it is possible to improve the monitoring and operation procedures of photovoltaic plants.

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Shi, Jie, Jun Shi, Lin Lin Yang, Xiu Ying Tang, and Yi Jie Zhang. "Application of Multi-Objective Optimization Model in Design of Photovoltaic Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1525.

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With the increasingly serious crisis of the energy problem, all around the world, the application of solar energy has become an approach of solving the problem undoubtedly. In recent years, due to the rapid development of Chinese photovoltaic (PV) industry, the emergence of PV buildings is more and more widely in the domestic. The current trend is to apply Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to realize the design of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV). The core problem of CAD is to obtain the best solution to a laying scheme of PV cell. In this paper, the design problem of PV building is concerned about. Through the research on the multi-objective optimization theory, it is to establish the model of multi-objective optimization that can meet these two objectives of the largest total annual solar photovoltaic power generation, yet the smallest possible the unit cost of power generation. The model can be solved by MATLAB using ideal point method. In order to detail explain the application of model and verify it, the design of PV cabin, in Datong area of Shanxi Province, is as an example. The study has laid the foundation for the development of CAD in the future.

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Kang, Hongkyu, Soonil Hong, Hyungcheol Back, and Kwanghee Lee. "Photovoltaic Devices: A New Architecture for Printable Photovoltaics Overcoming Conventional Module Limits (Adv. Mater. 10/2014)." Advanced Materials 26, no. 10 (March 2014): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201470066.

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Luo, Kaiying, Wanhua Wu, Sihang Xie, Yasi Jiang, Shengzu Liao, and Donghuan Qin. "Building Solar Cells from Nanocrystal Inks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091885.

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The use of solution-processed photovoltaics is a low cost, low material-consuming way to harvest abundant solar energy. Organic semiconductors based on perovskite or colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics have been well developed in recent years; however, stability is still an important issue for these photovoltaic devices. By combining solution processing, chemical treatment, and sintering technology, compact and efficient CdTe nanocrystal (NC) solar cells can be fabricated with high stability by optimizing the architecture of devices. Here, we review the progress on solution-processed CdTe NC-based photovoltaics. We focus particularly on NC materials and the design of devices that provide a good p–n junction quality, a graded bandgap for extending the spectrum response, and interface engineering to decrease carrier recombination. We summarize the progress in this field and give some insight into device processing, including element doping, new hole transport material application, and the design of new devices.

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Zheng, An Man. "The Optimized Laying and Example Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 443 (October 2013): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.443.243.

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This thesis researches mathematical models and optimization problems of solar photovoltaic cells. According to the defined priority, the arrays of photovoltaic cells on every wall are given. The thesis then identifies the optimal inclination and the optimal direction angle with the help of spherical coordinate system, thereby further optimizing the model. Meanwhile, according to the given data of the problem B of China Undergraduates Mathematical Contest of Higher Education Cup in 2012, the thesis demonstrates example analysis of optimization model of solar photovoltaic architecture.

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Zhao, Ben, Rui Ma, Yigeng Huangfu, and Jiang Wei. "Photovoltaic Equalizer Based on Single-Input Multi-Output Push-Pull Converter." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 3 (June 2020): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203830533.

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Component mismatch often happens in the module-series photovoltaic system(including centralized, string, multi-strings PV system) due to partial shadowing, which causes a large loss of power generation. Photovoltaic equalizer can process the differential power under the condition of mismatching through parallel power electronic converter without changing the existing photovoltaic system architecture, so that all the modules can work near their maximum power points, which can greatly improve the power generation of the system under the condition of mismatching. This paper proposes a photovoltaic equalizer based on single-input multi-output push-pull converter. The topology has the advantages of simple structure and less switching devices. Firstly, the paper introduces the partial shadowing problem of photovoltaic modules and the principle of photovoltaic equalizer. Then, the topological structure and working principle of the proposed photovoltaic equalizer system are analyzed in detail. Finally, the simulation and verification of the designed photovoltaic equalizer are carried out. The simulated results show that the proposed equalizer can greatly improve the generation capacity of photovoltaic system under mismatching conditions, and the maximum increment can be up to 41%.

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He, Qingsu, Muqing Wu, Pei Sun, Jinglin Guo, Lina Chen, Lihua Jiang, and Zhiwei Zhang. "Research on Charging Mechanism of Electric Vehicle Biased to Photovoltaic Nearby Absorption Strategy." Electronics 11, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 3407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203407.

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With the promotion of the pilot development of distributed whole county roof photovoltaics in China, problems such as power consumption, energy regional balance, and grid stability have become prominent. In this paper, an application mode of electric vehicle (EV) charging network and distributed photovoltaic power generation local consumption is studied. The management idea of two-layer and four model has been established, including the regional distributed photovoltaic output model, electricity consumption model, EV consumption model, and regional grid load dispatching model, which can realize the scheduling of the energy flow formed by photovoltaic, induce the charging of EVs, and make the photovoltaic consumption in office building areas and residential building areas complementary. Firstly, according to the randomness of photovoltaic power generation and EV charging, the dynamic response capability, power support capability, effective convergence time, system stability, system failure rate, and other characteristics of regional loads are comprehensively analyzed, and the grid energy management model of EV charging network and distributed photovoltaic is proposed. Secondly, according to certain statistical characteristics, the distributed photovoltaic will be concentrated, and EV charging will be prioritized to achieve nearby consumption. Finally, different scenarios are described, and the scenarios of charging in the park, community life, and power supply service are selected for analysis. This mode is intended to guide the consumption of new energy through economic leverage, which can realize the unified regulation of distributed energy convergence, consumption and storage.

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Castillo-Rojas, Wilson, Juan Bekios-Calfa, and César Hernández. "Daily Prediction Model of Photovoltaic Power Generation Using a Hybrid Architecture of Recurrent Neural Networks and Shallow Neural Networks." International Journal of Photoenergy 2023 (April 18, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2592405.

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In recent years, photovoltaic energy has become one of the most implemented electricity generation options to help reduce environmental pollution suffered by the planet. Accuracy in this photovoltaic energy forecasting is essential to increase the amount of renewable energy that can be introduced to existing electrical grid systems. The objective of this work is based on developing various computational models capable of making short-term forecasting about the generation of photovoltaic energy that is generated in a solar plant. For the implementation of these models, a hybrid architecture based on recurrent neural networks (RNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM) or gated recurrent units (GRU) structure, combined with shallow artificial neural networks (ANN) with multilayer perceptron (MLP) structure, is established. RNN models have a particular configuration that makes them efficient for processing ordered data in time series. The results of this work have been obtained through controlled experiments with different configurations of its hyperparameters for hybrid RNN-ANN models. From these, the three models with the best performance are selected, and after a comparative analysis between them, the forecasting of photovoltaic energy production for the next few hours can be determined with a determination coefficient of 0.97 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.17. It is concluded that the proposed and implemented models are functional and capable of predicting with a high level of accuracy the photovoltaic energy production of the solar plant, based on historical data on photovoltaic energy production.

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Jarka, Pawel, Tomasz Tański, Bartlomiej Hrapkowicz, Barbara Hajduk, Kamil Bystroń, Marek Krzesiński, and Wladysław Uchacz. "Study of Photovoltaic Devices with Hybrid Active Layer." Solid State Phenomena 293 (July 2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.293.51.

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The aim of this work is to present the influences of composition of the material and manufacturing technology conditions of the organic photovoltaics devices (OPv) with the organic and hybrid bulk heterojunction on the active layers properties and cells performance. The layers were produced by using small molecular compounds: the metal-phthalocyanine (MePc) and perylene derivatives (PTCDA) and the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Two kinds of metal phthalocyanines (NiPc, TiOPc) were used as donor material and pperylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) as an acceptor. The used manufacturing technique allowed to employ thin layers of materials in a fast deposition process. Bulk heterojunction was created by simultaneously applying the MePc:PTCDA materials during the evaporation of the components mixture.The research was based on the estimate of composition of bulk heterojunction, the examination of the surface morphology of the used layers and optical properties studies of the heterojunction and its implementation to photovoltaic architecture. The produced photovoltaic cells parameters were determined on the basis of current - voltage characteristics.The researches of structure of obtained layers were conducted by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The quantitative determination of surface topography by determining RMS and Ra coefficients were performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In order to determine the optical properties of the films the UV-Visible spectroscope have been utilized. Current - voltage characteristics were employed to determine the basic photovoltaic parameters using a dedicated device.The paper describes the influence of the individual components sharing the bulk heterojunction on its structure, optical properties and morphology of surface. In addition it allows for linking active layers properties with the parameters of the photovoltaic cells. The obtained results suggest the possibility of developing the utilized materials and technology in the further works on photovoltaic structures.

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Celadyn, Waclaw, and Pawel Filipek. "Investigation of the Effective Use of Photovoltaic Modules in Architecture." Buildings 10, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10090145.

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The application of photovoltaic systems is becoming a dominant feature in contemporary buildings. They allow for the achievement of zero-energy constructions. However, the principles of this strategy are not yet sufficiently known among architects. The purpose of this study is to enhance their expertise, which cannot be widened due to the shortage of targeted publications. The issue presentation was structured in a way that follows the typical design stages, beginning with large-scale urban problems up to the scale of building forms and components. Different types of photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered, based on their efficiency, relations with building fabrics, potential for thermally protecting buildings and their impact on esthetic values. The focus was mainly on the most popular PV modules. The application of these systems requires in-depth analyses which should be carried out by designers at the initial stage and through the next stages of the design. A method to analyze zoning plan regulations and site planning in view of PV modules’ efficiency is novel. This paper also contains considerations with regard to some other untypical applications of these systems. There is need for changing attitudes in architects and investors regarding the issue of promoting the systems through further elucidations.

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Mühlenbein, Lutz, Chandra Bhal Singh, Andriy Lotnyk, Cameliu Himcinschi, Yeseul Yun, Niranjan Ramakrishnegowda, David S. Knoche, Xinye Li, and Akash Bhatnagar. "Nanocomposites with Three-Dimensional Architecture and Impact on Photovoltaic Effect." Nano Letters 20, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 8789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03654.

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Menke, S. Matthew, and Russell J. Holmes. "Energy-Cascade Organic Photovoltaic Devices Incorporating a Host–Guest Architecture." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, no. 4 (January 22, 2015): 2912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am508332n.

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Rodriguez, C., and J. D. K. Bishop. "Organic Architecture for Small- to Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Stations." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, no. 11 (November 2009): 4332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2023642.

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Chal, Pousali, Arnab Shit, and Arun K. Nandi. "Engineering of modular organic photovoltaic devices with dye sensitized architecture." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 41 (2016): 16108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta06909f.

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Talbi, Mourad, Nawel Mensia, Jassem Arfaoui, and Abdelmajid Zairi. "Modelling of Novel Architecture of PV Generator Based on a-Si: H/c-Si Materials and Using Solar Tracker for Partial Shading." Light & Engineering, no. 05-2022 (October 2022): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2021-085.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the shading effect on a novel architecture of photovoltaic generator (PVG) proposed in this paper. This architecture consists of three photovoltaic (PV) modules in series connected. Two of them consist of amorphous silicon cells in series connected. The third module consists of monocrystalline silicon cells in series connected. This architecture is conceived as a PV concentrator, where the two amorphous PV modules are located in the lower position, and the third one is located in the upper position precisely in the focus. The role of the upper module is to absorb the solar rays, which are reflected by the two other modules to gain the maximum of solar energy. This novel architecture is aimed at solving the problems existing with the architecture of tandem solar cells proposed in literature. Those problems are the mismatch between cells and the tunnel junction costs and fabrication. In this work, we use MATLAB/Simulink for modelling this architecture and studying its characteristics (I–V and P–V) in case of partial shading. Through this study, it was found that the maximum PV power is affected by the partial shading. To solve this problem, we have implemented in this work a solar tracker.

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Refaai, Mohamad Reda A., Shanmukha Naga Raju Vonteddu, Prasanthi Kumari Nunna, P. Suresh Kumar, C. Anbu, and Mebratu Markos. "Energy Management Prediction in Hybrid PV-Battery Systems Using Deep Learning Architecture." International Journal of Photoenergy 2022 (May 25, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6844853.

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On-grid predictive energy management using machine learning is presented in this paper. A photovoltaic array considered in this study is one of the kinds of a renewable sources of energy, where the battery bank acts as a technology for energy storage, in order to optimise energy exchange with the utility grid using logistic regression. The model of prediction can accurately estimate photovoltaic energy output and load one step ahead using a training technique. The optimization problem is constrained by the maximum amount of CO2 produced and the maximum amount of charge stored in a battery bank. The proposed model is tested on dynamic electricity costs. Compared with existing energy systems, the proposed strategy and prediction model can handle more than half of the annual load need.

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BINDL, DOMINICK J., and MICHAEL S. ARNOLD. "SEMICONDUCTING CARBON NANOTUBE PHOTOVOLTAIC PHOTODETECTORS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, no. 03 (September 2011): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411006970.

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A photovoltaic photodetector harnessing near infrared band gap absorption by thin films of post-synthetically sorted semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes ( s -SWCNTs) is described. Peak specific detectivity of 6×1011 Jones at -0.1 V bias at 1210 nm is achieved using a heterojunction device architecture: indium tin oxide/ ca. 5 nm s -SWCNT / 120 nm C60 / 10 nm 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) / Ag. The photodiodes are characterized by a series resistance of 2.9 Ω cm2 and a rectification ratio of 104 at ±1V. These results are expected to guide the exploration of new classes of solution-processable, mechanically flexible, integrable, thin film photovoltaic photodetectors with tunable sensitivity in the visible and infrared spectra based on semiconducting carbon nanotubes.

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Xiaodong, Yuan, Zhao Yan, and Zhu Weiping. "Real-Time Simulation and Research on Photovoltaic Power System based on RT-LAB." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 8, no. 1 (September 14, 2015): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01508010183.

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The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller in the Photovoltaic system is the key to verify all kinds of MPPT control algorithms. But the development of actual controller has the defects of needing long periods, artificial code writing and so on. RT-LAB real-time simulation platform is an advanced model-based engineering design and test application platform. The outstanding real-time performance in the current experimental study and engineering design made it used more and more widely. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce its hardware and software structure and realtime performance in detail. This paper gave a comprehensive and systematic introduction to hardware architecture, software architecture and simulation process of RT-LAB. It also presented a semi-physical simulation experiment of photovoltaic system MPPT using the features of Photovoltaic MPPT and semi-physical Real-Time simulation technology. The MPPT control strategy is achieved by establishing model using Simulink package. Other parts of the main circuit were physical circuit except controller. The parameter adjustment functions of online RT-LAB can easily optimize controller parameters. Two special tools, ARTEMIS and RT-Events used in power electronics were described in detail. The RT-LAB software modeling standard was also illustrated. The testing results showed that the usage of RT-LAB for the development of photovoltaic controller can resolve many problems in the current controller development. The application of RT-LAB in photovoltaic systems provides a reference for the micro grid, smart grid and other real-time systems.

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Radovanovic, Ilija, and Ivan Popovic. "Identification of Degrading Effects in the Operation of Neighboring Photovoltaic Systems in Urban Environments." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070762.

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As photovoltaics technologies have emerged as one of the most promising renewable energy resources in urban environments, monitoring and maintaining of such systems have gained significance. In order to support reliable system operation during the projected in-field operation lifetime, effective strategies for identifying potential problems in photovoltaic systems operation are needed. In this paper, novel methods for the identification of degrading effects in the operation of neighboring photovoltaic systems are presented. The proposed methods are applicable for identifying panel aging properties, soiling effects, and the operation of photovoltaic systems under different shading scenarios. Since the proposed methods are based on the cross-correlation of the operation of neighboring systems, they are particularly suitable performance assessment in urban environments. The proposed identification methods are integrated according to the adopted fog computing model, providing a scalable solution capable of uniform integration into the distributed applications for monitoring and maintenance of photovoltaic systems in urban areas. The details regarding the implementation of the identification methods in the form of data processing services and service operation and dependencies are also provided in this paper. The identification methods, integration concept, and related service operation are verified through the presented case study.

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Aziz, Muhammad Shahbaz, Muhammad Adil Khan, Harun Jamil, Faisal Jamil, Alexander Chursin, and Do-Hyeun Kim. "Design and Analysis of In-Pipe Hydro-Turbine for an Optimized Nearly Zero Energy Building." Sensors 21, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 8154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238154.

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Pakistan receives Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI) exceeding 2000 kWh/m²/annum on approximately 83% of its land, which is very suitable for photovoltaic production. This energy can be easily utilized in conjunction with other renewable energy resources to meet the energy demands and reduce the carbon footprint of the country. In this research, a hybrid renewable energy solution based on a nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) model is proposed for a university facility. The building in consideration has a continuous flow of water through its water delivery vertical pipelines. A horizontal-axis spherical helical turbine is designed in SolidWorks and is analyzed through a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis in ANSYS Fluent 18.1 based on the K-epsilon turbulent model. Results obtained from ANSYS Fluent have shown that a 24 feet vertical channel with a water flow of 0.2309 m3/s and velocity of 12.66 m/s can run the designed hydroelectric turbine, delivering 168 W of mechanical power at 250 r.p.m. Based on the turbine, a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) comprising photovoltaic and hydroelectric power is modelled and analyzed in HOMER Pro software. Among different architectures, it was found that architecture with hydroelectric and photovoltaic energy provided the best COE of $0.09418.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Photovoltaic Architecture'

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