Relevant bibliographies by topics / Photoreforming

Academic literature on the topic 'Photoreforming'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023
Last updated: 23 August 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Photoreforming"

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Rossetti, Ilenia. "Hydrogen Production by Photoreforming of Renewable Substrates." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2012 (November 22, 2012): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/964936.

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This paper focuses on the application of photocatalysis to hydrogen production from organic substrates. This process, usually called photoreforming, makes use of semiconductors to promote redox reactions, namely, the oxidation of organic molecules and the reduction of H+ to H2. This may be an interesting and fully sustainable way to produce this interesting fuel, provided that materials efficiency becomes sufficient and solar light can be effectively harvested. After a first introduction to the key features of the photoreforming process, the attention will be directed to the needs for materials development correlated to the existing knowledge on reaction mechanisms. Examples are then given on the photoreforming of alcohols, the most studied topic, especially in the case of methanol and carbohydrates. Finally, some examples of more complex but more interesting substrates, such as waste solutions, are proposed.
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Toe, Cui Ying, Constantine Tsounis, Jiajun Zhang, Hassan Masood, Denny Gunawan, Jason Scott, and Rose Amal. "Advancing photoreforming of organics: highlights on photocatalyst and system designs for selective oxidation reactions." Energy & Environmental Science 14, no. 3 (2021): 1140–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee03116j.

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Balsamo, Stefano Andrea, Eleonora La Greca, Marta Calà Pizzapilo, Salvatore Sciré, and Roberto Fiorenza. "CeO2-rGO Composites for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution by Glycerol Photoreforming." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020747.

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The interaction between CeO2-GO or CeO2-rGO and gold as co-catalysts were here investigated for solar H2 production by photoreforming of glycerol. The materials were prepared by a solar photoreduction/deposition method, where in addition to the activation of CeO2 the excited electrons were able to reduce the gold precursor to metallic gold and the GO into rGO. The presence of gold was fundamental to boost the H2 production, whereas the GO or the rGO extended the visible-light activity of cerium oxide (as confirmed by UV-DRS). Furthermore, the strong interaction between CeO2 and Au (verified by XPS and TEM) led to good stability of the CeO2-rGO-Au sample with the evolved H2 that increased during five consecutive runs of glycerol photoreforming. This catalytic behaviour was ascribed to the progressive reduction of GO into rGO, as shown by Raman measurements of the photocatalytic runs. The good charge carrier separation obtained with the CeO2-rGO-Au system allowed the simultaneous production of H2 and reduction of GO in the course of the photoreforming reaction. These peculiar features exhibited by these unconventional photocatalysts are promising to propose new solar-light-driven photocatalysts for green hydrogen production.
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Caravaca, A., H. Daly, M. Smith, A. Mills, S. Chansai, and C. Hardacre. "Continuous flow gas phase photoreforming of methanol at elevated reaction temperatures sensitised by Pt/TiO2." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 1, no. 6 (2016): 649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6re00140h.

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Pichler, Christian M., Taylor Uekert, and Erwin Reisner. "Photoreforming of biomass in metal salt hydrate solutions." Chemical Communications 56, no. 43 (2020): 5743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc01686a.

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Zhang, Ling, Wenzhong Wang, Shuwen Zeng, Yang Su, and Hongchang Hao. "Enhanced H2 evolution from photocatalytic cellulose conversion based on graphitic carbon layers on TiO2/NiOx." Green Chemistry 20, no. 13 (2018): 3008–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc01398e.

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Zheng, Yeqin, Ping Fan, Rongjie Guo, Xiaohui Liu, Xiantai Zhou, Can Xue, and Hongbing Ji. "Visible light driven reform of wasted plastics to generate green hydrogen over mesoporous ZnIn2S4." RSC Advances 13, no. 19 (2023): 12663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra02279j.

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Bahadori, Elnaz, Gianguido Ramis, Danny Zanardo, Federica Menegazzo, Michela Signoretto, Delia Gazzoli, Daniela Pietrogiacomi, Alessandro Di Michele, and Ilenia Rossetti. "Photoreforming of Glucose over CuO/TiO2." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050477.

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Hydrogen production has been investigated through the photoreforming of glucose, as model molecule representative for biomass hydrolysis. Different copper- or nickel-loaded titania photocatalysts have been compared. The samples were prepared starting from three titania samples, prepared by precipitation and characterized by pure Anatase with high surface area, or prepared through flame synthesis, i.e., flame pyrolysis and the commercial P25, leading to mixed Rutile and Anatase phases with lower surface area. The metal was added in different loading up to 1 wt % following three procedures that induced different dispersion and reducibility to the catalyst. The highest activity among the bare semiconductors was exhibited by the commercial P25 titania, while the addition of 1 wt % CuO through precipitation with complexes led to the best hydrogen productivity, i.e., 9.7 mol H2/h kgcat. Finally, a basic economic analysis considering only the costs of the catalyst and testing was performed, suggesting CuO promoted samples as promising and almost feasible for this application.
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Bowker, Michael. "Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production and Oxygenate Photoreforming." Catalysis Letters 142, no. 8 (July 27, 2012): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-012-0875-4.

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Luo, Lan, Tingting Zhang, Xin Zhang, Rongping Yun, Yanjun Lin, Bing Zhang, and Xu Xiang. "Enhanced Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Photoreforming by Site-Specific Deposition of Au on Cu2O/TiO2 p-n Junction." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050539.

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Hydrogen production by photoreforming of biomass-derived ethanol is a renewable way of obtaining clean fuel. We developed a site-specific deposition strategy to construct supported Au catalysts by rationally constructing Ti3+ defects inTiO2 nanorods and Cu2O-TiO2 p-n junction across the interface of two components. The Au nanoparticles (~2.5 nm) were selectively anchored onto either TiO2 nanorods (Au@TiO2/Cu2O) or Cu2O nanocubes (Au@Cu2O/TiO2) or both TiO2 and Cu2O (Au@TiO2/Cu2O@Au) with the same Au loading. The electronic structure of supported Au species was changed by forming Au@TiO2 interface due to the adjacent Ti3+ defects and the associated oxygen vacancies while unchanged in Au@Cu2O/TiO2 catalyst. The p-n junction of TiO2/Cu2O promoted charge separation and transfer across the junction. During ethanol photoreforming, Au@TiO2/Cu2O catalyst possessing both the Au@TiO2 interface and the p-n junction showed the highest H2 production rate of 8548 μmol gcat−1 h−1 under simulated solar light, apparently superior to both Au@TiO2 and Au@Cu2O/TiO2 catalyst. The acetaldehyde was produced in liquid phase at an almost stoichiometric rate, and C−C cleavage of ethanol molecules to form CH4 or CO2 was greatly inhibited. Extensive spectroscopic results support the claim that Au adjacent to surface Ti3+ defects could be active sites for H2 production and p-n junction of TiO2/Cu2O facilitates photo-generated charge transfer and further dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde during the photoreforming.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Photoreforming"

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Zanardo, Danny <1992&gt. "Photoreforming: biomass upgrading in gas phase conditions." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11807.

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Photoreforming is a promising technology to get hydrogen from biomass in mild conditions, using light as energy source. This reaction have been usually studied in liquid phase with noble-metal based catalysts. Throughout this work, some titanium dioxide based materials promoted with an inexpensive co-catalyst were developed for the photoreforming reaction. Two pristine materials was used: P25 Degussa and a lab-made TiO2. Then copper oxide (co-catalyst) was introduced through two techniques: wetness impregnation and deposition-precipitation (DP). Photocatalysts were then tested on a lab-made rig using ethanol-water vapor mixture as reactants and UV light as energy source. It was seen that pristine titanium dioxides yielded hydrogen by a dehydrogenation reaction and lab-prepared material shown better activity than P25. X-ray diffraction and gas physisorption analyses have showed that better performance of lab-prepared TiO2 can be attributed to pure anatase crystalline phase and higher surface area than P25. Copper promoted samples shown a higher hydrogen yield with respect to pristine ones and also to those reported on literature. It was also seen DP method gave better results than wetness impregnation with a ten-fold improve of hydrogen yield in respect to P25. Temperature Programmed Reduction analysis shown a sharper peak at lower reduction temperature for DP-prepared samples than impregnated ones, ascribing to an easy electron separation capability. Concluding we developed a cheap and easily prepared photocatalyst capable to efficiently produce hydrogen from biomass-derived fuel on gas phase.
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Kasap, Hatice. "Carbon nitride for solar H2 production coupled to organic chemical transformations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289454.

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Artificial photosynthesis utilises solar-light for clean fuel H2 production and is emerging as a potential solution for renewable energy generation. Photocatalytic systems that combine a light harvester and catalysts in one-pot reactor are promising strategies towards this direction. Yet, most of the reported systems function by consuming excess amount of expensive sacrificial reagents, preventing commercial development. In this thesis, carbon nitrides (CNx) have been selected as non-toxic, stable and low-cost photocatalysts. CNx are first introduced as efficient light harvesters, to couple alcohol oxidation with proton reduction, in the presence of a Ni-based molecular catalyst. This system operated in a single compartment while the oxidation and reduction products were collected in the solution and gaseous phases, respectively, demonstrating a closed redox system. In the presence of an organic substrate and absence of a proton reduction catalyst, photoexcited CNx was found to accumulate long-lived "trapped-electrons", which enables decoupling oxidation and reduction reactions temporarily and spatially. This allows solar H2 generation in the dark, following light exposure, replication light and dark cycle of natural photosynthesis in an artificial set-up. The stability of the designed system was found to be limited by the Ni-based molecular catalyst, and the spectroscopic studies revealed electron transfer from CNx to catalyst as the kinetic bottleneck. Graphene based conductive scaffolds were introduced to the CNx-Ni system, to accelerate the rate of electron transfer from CNx to the Ni catalyst. Time-resolved spectroscopic techniques revealed that introducing these conductive binders enabled better electronic communication between CNx and Ni, resulting in significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity. To improve the solar-light utilisation and the photocatalytic performance of bulk CNx, a straightforward ultra-sonication approach was introduced. This pre-treatment was found to break aggregates of bulk CNx, and the resulting activated CNx had significantly improved activity. The activated CNx showed record activities per gram of the material used, for H2 evolution with a molecular Ni catalyst. The use of abundant waste sources instead of organic substrates was investigated in the presence of activated CNx. The system demonstrated to photoreform purified and raw lignocellulose samples into H2 in the presence of various H2 evolution catalysts over a wide range of pH.
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Sanwald, Kai Erik [Verfasser], Johannes A. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Lercher, Ulrich K. [Gutachter] Heiz, and Ralf J. [Gutachter] Behm. "Photoreforming of oxygenates on noble metal decorated semiconductors / Kai Erik Sanwald ; Gutachter: Ulrich K. Heiz, Ralf J. Behm, Johannes A. Lercher ; Betreuer: Johannes A. Lercher." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137624612/34.

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Berto, Tobias [Verfasser], Johannes A. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Lercher, and Tom [Gutachter] Nilges. "Elucidation of reaction pathways of the photoreforming and overall water splitting reaction over precious metal decorated semiconductors / Tobias Berto ; Gutachter: Johannes A. Lercher, Tom Nilges ; Betreuer: Johannes A. Lercher." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1123210861/34.

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Gombac, Valentina. "Photocatalytic processes for sustainable hydrogen production from renewable sources." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/7385.

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2010/2011
The importance of hydrogen as an appealing energy vector, due to its high efficiency and environment-friendly use in Fuel Cells, is nowadays well recognized and documented. Nevertheless, in spite of several research activities in this field, the large-scale production of H2 is still a challenging issue in view of the possible transition to an H2-based economy. In this context, the development of materials capable of acting as multi-functional platforms for the sustainable generation, though representing a strategic target, is still far from being completely satisfied. In order to make feasible the dream of utilizing sunlight for sustainable energy production, it is of paramount importance to develop catalytic systems that are not affected by leaching or poisoning phenomena and possess a high photonic efficiency, in particular upon visible activation. Heterogeneous catalysis is a key area that can help solving this issue. Using the tools offered by nanotechnology, the tailored preparation of nanoarchitectures can lead to the obtainment of photocatalytic materials that show remarkably better performance than that currently achievable even with state-of-the-art materials. The main focus of this thesis is the preparation of such tailored photoactive materials and their characterization in order to obtain catalysts that are active and stable for the sustainable photocatalytic hydrogen production by photoreforming of biomass derived compounds as raw materials. Different synthetic approaches are developed in this work to achieve the above mentioned scopes. The materials were prepared either in the form of nanopowders with controlled morphology or of supported nanostructures. Embedding approach, in which preformed metal nanoparticles are encapsulated in porous titania, and photodeposition of metal nanoparticles over preformed tailored supporting titania were investigated for nanopowder materials. Different oxide-based materials were synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Plasma enhanced-CVD for the supported systems. The CVD route is compatible with large-scale production, to prepare metal oxide nanostructures on Si (100), enabling the resulting metal oxide phase composition and nanoscale organization to be controlled by simple variation of the growth temperature. In addition, and more interestingly, the photocatalytic production of hydrogen on the supported catalysts upon irradiation with UV and even visible light proved that the control of the system morphogenesis is crucial to obtain good performances even in the absence of TiO2. The results obtained represent an important step forward in the exploration of new active nanosystems for the conversion of solar light into storable chemical energy. All the findings significantly contributed to the development of photocatalytic materials for hydrogen production.
XXIV Ciclo
1966
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Clarizia, Laura. "Hydrogen production through photoreforming of oxygenated organic substrates over Cu/TiO2 catalysts." Tesi di dottorato, 2017. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/11655/7/CLARIZIA_LAURA_29_%20.pdf.

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Hydrogen is the ideal candidate to fulfill the growing energy demand in a sustainable manner because of its high energy content and no emission of greenhouse gases from its combustion. Currently most of hydrogen generation techniques involve the employment of fossil fuels, with consequent production of toxic greenhouse gases. The possibility to produce hydrogen by means of photocatalytic processes using the solar radiation as energy source fits in perfectly with the switch to a more sustainable energy production. The solar photocatalytic hydrogen generation can be achieved by reforming organic substances contained in civil or industrial wastewaters. This could allow to combine water decontamination with production of an energy carrier starting from a renewable source, the solar radiation. Hydrogen production through photoreforming of organic species using copper-modified TiO2 photocatalysts is attracting a considerable attention during last years. It is reported that the doping of TiO2 with copper species helps enhance to separate the electron-hole pairs, thus reducing the occurrence of the recombination reaction, and extend the light absorption to the visible range of the solar spectrum. The choice of copper is supported by its low-cost and abundance in Earth’s crust. In particular, the use of catalysts prepared by in situ photodeposition processes, with nanometric size, could represent a straightforward promising strategy to improve the process efficiency. In this study, the production of hydrogen by photocatalytic reforming of oxygenated organic species was investigated using metal copper-modified TiO2 nanoparticles, prepared “in situ” by reduction of cupric ions. The behavior of different alcohols and organic acids to undergo photoreforming with hydrogen production was investigated and compared. A characterization of the catalysts recovered at the end of the runs revealed the formation of zero-valent copper nanoparticles on the catalysts surface. The effect of adopting different crystallographic phases of TiO2 was also assessed. In particular, three TiO2 commercial samples of different crystalline phases (mixed-phase P25, pure anatase and pure rutile) were employed to prepare Cu-doped TiO2 materials by in situ copper photo-deposition. The resulting samples were extensively characterized by several complementary techniques and tested as photocatalysts for hydrogen production through photoreforming of alcohols. Correlations between hydrogen production rates and physical-chemical properties (structural, compositional and optical properties) of the samples are discussed. The analyses highlighted the major roles played by physical sizes and surface properties of TiO2 particles in determining the morphology, the dispersion of zero-valent copper nanoparticles on TiO2 surface and, ultimately, the photocatalytic performances. A modeling investigation was performed through the development of a simplified kinetic model taking into account the mass balance equations for the main reactive species involved in the photocatalytic system. The kinetic model was tested to predict hydrogen generation rates for experimental runs carried out at different initial concentrations of sacrificial agent (methanol and glycerol) and at varying photocatalyst load. The modeling investigation allowed to estimate for the first time the equilibrium adsorption constants and the kinetic constant for the hole-capture by sacrificial agents, as well as the quantum yield and the rate constant of electron-hole recombination for the copper modified-TiO2 nano-photocatalyst. The simultaneous presence in the aqueous matrix of an inorganic ion, that is chloride, was also investigated when formic acid was adopted as sacrificial agent. The effect on hydrogen generation rate of the initial concentrations of formic acid, chloride and cupric ion, and pH values was evaluated. These experimental outcomes were rationalized within a consistent reaction mechanism able to predict the system behavior under different operating conditions. Therefore, this critical literature review has been performed with the aim of providing a complete and reliable approach to promote new competitive processes able to use waste organic streams for hydrogen generation through photacatalytic system based on solar energy.
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Conference papers on the topic "Photoreforming"

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Aziz, Zulkifly, Mohd Mawardi Saari, Chin Sim Yee, Mohd Aufa Hadi Putera Zaini, and Nurul A'in Nadzri. "Simulation of Triple Helmholtz Coils for Wireless Power Transfer in Photocatalytic Wastewater Photoreforming." In 2020 11th IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsgrc49013.2020.9232548.

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