Academic literature on the topic 'Photopolymerization'

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Journal articles on the topic "Photopolymerization"

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Peyrot, Fabienne, Sonia Lajnef, and Davy-Louis Versace. "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spin Trapping (EPR–ST) Technique in Photopolymerization Processes." Catalysts 12, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12070772.

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To face economic issues of the last ten years, free-radical photopolymerization (FRP) has known an impressive enlightenment. Multiple performing photoinitiating systems have been designed to perform photopolymerizations in the visible or near infrared (NIR) range. To fully understand the photochemical mechanisms involved upon light activation and characterize the nature of radicals implied in FRP, electron paramagnetic resonance coupled to the spin trapping (EPR–ST) method represents one of the most valuable techniques. In this context, the principle of EPR–ST and its uses in free-radical photopolymerization are entirely described.
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Jessop, Julie L. P. "A Practical Primer: Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring of Photopolymerization Systems." Polymers 15, no. 18 (September 20, 2023): 3835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183835.

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Photopolymerization systems provide compelling advantages for industrial applications due to their fast reaction kinetics, wide selection of monomers for physical property development, and energy-efficient initiation via illumination. These same advantages can present challenges when attempting to monitor these reactions or characterize their resulting polymers; however, Raman spectroscopy can provide the flexibility and resolution needed. In this overview, Raman spectroscopy is compared to common characterization techniques, such as photo-differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy, highlighting advantages of Raman spectroscopy. Examples are provided of how Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor photopolymerizations and to provide insight on the impact of monomer chemistry and processing conditions, as well as paired with other techniques to elucidate physical properties. Finally, practical tips are provided for applying Raman spectroscopy and microscopy in photopolymerization systems.
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Elian, Christine, Vlasta Brezová, Pauline Sautrot-Ba, Martin Breza, and Davy-Louis Versace. "Lawsone Derivatives as Efficient Photopolymerizable Initiators for Free-Radical, Cationic Photopolymerizations, and Thiol—Ene Reactions." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13122015.

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Two new photopolymerizable vinyl (2-(allyloxy) 1,4-naphthoquinone, HNQA) and epoxy (2-(oxiran-2yl methoxy) 1,4-naphthoquinone, HNQE) photoinitiators derived from lawsone were designed in this paper. These new photoinitiators can be used as one-component photoinitiating systems for the free-radical photopolymerization of acrylate bio-based monomer without the addition of any co-initiators. As highlighted by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping results, the formation of carbon-centered radicals from an intermolecular H abstraction reaction was evidenced and can act as initiating species. Interestingly, the introduction of iodonium salt (Iod) used as a co-initiator has led to (1) the cationic photopolymerization of epoxy monomer with high final conversions and (2) an increase of the rates of free-radical polymerization of the acrylate bio-based monomer; we also demonstrated the concomitant thiol–ene reaction and cationic photopolymerizations of a limonene 1,2 epoxide/thiol blend mixture with the HNQA/Iod photoinitiating system.
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Lin, Jui-Teng, Jacques Lalevee, and Da-Chun Cheng. "A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142325.

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The synergic features and enhancing strategies for various photopolymerization systems are reviewed by kinetic schemes and the associated measurements. The important topics include (i) photo crosslinking of corneas for the treatment of corneal diseases using UVA-light (365 nm) light and riboflavin as the photosensitizer; (ii) synergic effects by a dual-function enhancer in a three-initiator system; (iii) synergic effects by a three-initiator C/B/A system, with electron-transfer and oxygen-mediated energy-transfer pathways; (iv) copper-complex (G1) photoredox catalyst in G1/Iod/NVK systems for free radical (FRP) and cationic photopolymerization (CP); (v) radical-mediated thiol-ene (TE) photopolymerizations; (vi) superbase photogenerator based-catalyzed thiol−acrylate Michael (TM) addition reaction; and the combined system of TE and TM using dual wavelength; (vii) dual-wavelength (UV and blue) controlled photopolymerization confinement (PC); (viii) dual-wavelength (UV and red) selectively controlled 3D printing; and (ix) three-wavelength selectively controlled in 3D printing and additive manufacturing (AM). With minimum mathematics, we present (for the first time) the synergic features and enhancing strategies for various systems of multi-components, initiators, monomers, and under one-, two-, and three-wavelength light. Therefore, this review provides not only the bridging between modeling and measurements, but also guidance for further experimental studies and new applications in 3D printings and additive manufacturing (AM), based on the innovative concepts (kinetics/schemes).
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Lang, Margit, Stefan Hirner, Frank Wiesbrock, and Peter Fuchs. "A Review on Modeling Cure Kinetics and Mechanisms of Photopolymerization." Polymers 14, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14102074.

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Photopolymerizations, in which the initiation of a chemical-physical reaction occurs by the exposure of photosensitive monomers to a high-intensity light source, have become a well-accepted technology for manufacturing polymers. Providing significant advantages over thermal-initiated polymerizations, including fast and controllable reaction rates, as well as spatial and temporal control over the formation of material, this technology has found a large variety of industrial applications. The reaction mechanisms and kinetics are quite complex as the system moves quickly from a liquid monomer mixture to a solid polymer. Therefore, the study of curing kinetics is of utmost importance for industrial applications, providing both the understanding of the process development and the improvement of the quality of parts manufactured via photopolymerization. Consequently, this review aims at presenting the materials and curing chemistry of such ultrafast crosslinking polymerization reactions as well as the research efforts on theoretical models to reproduce cure kinetics and mechanisms for free-radical and cationic photopolymerizations including diffusion-controlled phenomena and oxygen inhibition reactions in free-radical systems.
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Zhang, Jing, Jacques Lalevée, Jiacheng Zhao, Bernadette Graff, Martina H. Stenzel, and Pu Xiao. "Dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives: natural dyes as blue-light-sensitive versatile photoinitiators of photopolymerization." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 47 (2016): 7316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01550f.

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Dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives can be used as versatile blue-light-sensitive photoinitiators for cross-linked free radical photopolymerization, RAFT photopolymerization, and cationic photopolymerization.
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Lin, De, Huiguang Kou, Wen-Fang Shi, Hui-Ya Yuan, and Yong-Lie Chen. "Photopolymerizaton of hyperbranched aliphatic acrylated poly(amide ester). II. Photopolymerization kinetics." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 82, no. 7 (2001): 1637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.2003.

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Hayase, Shuji. "Cationic photopolymerization." Kobunshi 35, no. 2 (1986): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.35.116.

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Xu, Rui Xin, Li Jie Wang, and Ming Hui He. "Benzoylformamides as New Photocaged Bases for Free Radical Photopolymerization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.573.

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Benzoylformamide (BFA) derivatives are proposed as new photocaged bases. Initially their abilities as photoinitiators to initiate the free radical photopolymerization of acrylic monomers have been investigated. Next, we detail regarding the model photopolymerization in the presence of BFA-dBA (N,N-Dibenzyl-2-oxo-2-phenylacetamide) as a photocaged base. In combination with a benzoyl peroxide initiator, BFA-dBA is able to initiate the amine-mediated redox photopolymerization of acrylates, and photopolymerization rate is markedly enhanced.
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Zhou, Hua, Yugang Huang, Yun Zhang, Dandan Song, Hong Huang, Cheng Zhong, and Guodong Ye. "Hydrogen abstraction of carbon/phosphorus-containing radicals in photoassisted polymerization." RSC Advances 6, no. 73 (2016): 68952–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra00156d.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Photopolymerization"

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Gunduz, Nazan. "Synthesis and Photopolymerization of Novel Dimethacrylates." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37025.

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Four potential new monomers were prepared, all of which were structural analogues of BisGMA (2,2-bis(4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxyprop-1-oxy) phenyl)propane). The synthesis of these tetrafunctional dimethacrylate monomers was based on structural modifications of Bis-GMA in the core and the side chain and required a two-step reaction. The first step was propoxylation or ethoxylation of the bisphenols and the second step was the methacrylation of the resulting products. The core structures are designated by Bis-A for isopropylidene and 6F for hexafluoropropyl. The side chain structures were designated on the basis of the pendant side chains in the glycidyl moiety as -OH, -H, and -CH3 from the epichlorohydrin, ethyleneoxide, and propyleneoxide reaction products with the bisphenols, respectively. Bis-GMA was commercially obtained and used as a standard for comparison of the experimental monomers. All the monomers were prepared by the following general procedure of propoxylation or ethoxylation of the biphenols followed by methacrylation. They were characterized by NMR, FTIR, DSC and Cone and Plate Viscometry. All the experimental monomers exhibited lower viscosities and glass transition temperatures than the control, which was attributed to the elimination of the hydrogen bonding. The monomers were photopolymerized in a differential scanning calorimetry modified with an optics assembly (DPA 7; Double Beam Photocalorimetric Accessory) to study the photo-induced crosslinking reactions. The influence of monomer structure, temperature, light intensity, and initiator concentration on the photopolymerization kinetics of ethoxylated and propoxylated dimethacrylates was investigated by isothermal DSC. The DSC curves showed a rapid increase in rate due to the Trommsdorff effect, and then a decline due to the decrease of monomer concentration and the autodeceleration effect. The monomers with lower viscosities and glass transition temperatures exhibited higher conversions of the double bonds. The final extent of conversion increased with curing temperature, light intensity and initiator concentration. The radiation intensity exponent varied from 0.68 (BisGMA) to 0.74 for the ethoxylated 6F system. The initiator exponent were varied from 0.34 (for BisGMA) to 0.44 for the propoxylated BisA system. The ratio of the reaction rate constant (kt/kp) was calculated for PropBisAdm from both steady-state and non steady-state conditions.

The effect of dilution on photopolymerization kinetics of BisGMA/triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA) mixtures was also studied by isothermal photo-DSC. Dilution with TEGDMA significantly reduced the viscosity and glass transition temperatures of the mixtures due to the increase in the flexibility. The extent of polymerization increased with increasing TEGDMA and curing temperature. The calculation of ratio of rate constants (kt/kp) was also determined and the significance was discussed herein.
Master of Science

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Bonneaud, Céline. "Synthesis and Photopolymerization of Novel Perfluoropolyalkylethers." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS063.

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Depuis des années, les perfluoropolyalkyléthers (PFPAEs) ont démontré de multiples facettes. Ils sont utilisés dans de nombreux secteurs et actuellement en recherche dans de multiples secteurs de pointe comme l’imagerie médicale (IRM), les réacteurs microfluidiques, les vitrimères ou encore pour des revêtements haute-performance. Ma thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet européen PhotoFluo. Ce projet est partagé entre trois équipes de recherche : Trinity Western University (Langley, Canada), Politecnico di Torino (Turin, Italie) et l’Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier. Le but du projet est de synthétiser des polymères fluorés de type PFPAEs, téléchéliques par ouverture de cycle anionique. Ensuite, ces produits sont fonctionnalisés pour obtenir des bouts de chaîne capables de réagir sous rayonnement UV. Après avoir réalisé un état de l’art de ces polymères fluorés appelés perfluoropolyalkyléthers, nous nous sommes consacrés à la synthèse et photopolymérisation d’esters α,β-insaturés en copolymérisation avec des éthers vinyliques et la synthèse et homo-photopolymérisation des maléimides ainsi que leur copolymérisation avec des éthers vinyliques. Leurs photopolymérisations respectives en tant qu’additifs ou seuls, ont permis de démontrer que ces nouveaux PFPAEs sont convertis aussi rapidement que leurs équivalents méthacrylates et même sans photoamorceur. Leur tenue thermique ainsi que leurs propriétés de surface ont été étudiées et prouvées être similaires ou supérieures aux systèmes précédents. Les maléimides ont par exemple démontré une très bonne tenue thermique pour être utilisés en tant que réacteur microfluidique à plus haute température. Dans le cadre du projet PhotoFluo, nous nous sommes aussi attardés sur la synthèse de monomères téléchéliques fluorés, la synthèse de monoépoxyde et diépoxyde pour la photopolymérisation par voie cationique, la purification par chromatographie de différents monomères photoréticulables et pour finir la synthèse de méthacrylates multifonctionnels en vue de leur photolithographie. Pour finir, afin d'élargir le champ d'application de nos perfluoropolyalkyléthers maléimides précédemment synthétisés, ces derniers ont été testés en vue d'une potentiellement application en tant que revêtement auto-cicatrisant par réaction de Diels-Alder
For years, perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPAEs) demonstrated to be useful for a plethora of applications in numerous fields and are still under investigation for advanced technology materials for medical imaging, microfluidic devices, vitrimers or also high-performance coatings. This PhD thesis was realized in the framework of the PhotoFluo European project. This project is divided into three research teams: Trinity Western University (Langley, Canada), Politecnico di Torino (Torino, Italy) and ENSCM. The aim of the project is to synthesize telechelic PFPAEs by anionic ring-opening. Then, these products were functionalized to obtain photocurable substituents. After a review of the synthesis, properties, functionalization and applications, we devoted to the synthesis and photopolymerization of α,β-unsaturated esters in copolymerization with vinyl ethers and the synthesis and photo-homopolymerization of maleimides as well as their copolymerization with vinyl ethers. Their photopolymerization neat or as additives, demonstrated that these novel PFPAEs were able to photopolymerize as fast as their already used methacrylates homologues and even without photoinitiator. Their thermal stability as well as their surface properties were investigated and revealed to similar or superior than previous systems. For example, maleimide PFPAEs displayed an excellent thermal stability to be employed as microfluidic devices for high temperature reactions. In the PhotoFluo project, we focused on the synthesis of monoepoxy and diepoxy for the photopolymerization by cationic processes, the purification by chromatography of photocurable PFPAEs and finally, the synthesis of multifunctional methacrylate in view of photolithographic processes. To explore new horizons for our previously synthesized maleimide PFPAEs, these ones have been tested as potential self-healable coatings
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Slopek, Ryan Patrick. "In-situ Monitoring of Photopolymerization Using Microrheology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7194.

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Photopolymerization is the basis of several multi-million dollar industries including films and coating, inks, adhesives, fiber optics, and biomaterials. The fundamentals of the photopolymerization process, however, are not well understood. As a result, spatial variations of photopolymerization impose significant limitations on applications in which a high spatial resolution is required. To address these issues, microrheology was implemented to study the spatial and temporal effects of free-radical photopolymerization. In this work a photosensitive, acrylate resin was exposed to ultraviolet light, while the Brownian motion of micron sized, inert fluorescent tracer particles was tracked using optical videomicroscopy. Statistical analysis of particle motion yielded data that could then be used to extract rheological information about the embedding medium as a function of time and space, thereby relating UV exposure to the polymerization and gelation of monomeric resins. The effects of varying depth, initiator concentration, inhibitor concentration, composition of the monomer, and light intensity on the gelation process were studied. The most striking result is the measured difference in gelation time observed as a function of UV penetration depth. The observed trend was found to be independent of UV light intensity and monomer composition. The intensity results were used to test the accuracy of energy threshold model, which is used to empirically predict photo-induced polymerization. The results of this research affirm the ability of microrheology to provide the high spatial and temporal resolution necessary to accurately monitor the photopolymerization process. The experimental data provide a better understanding of the photo-induced polymerization, which could lead to expanded use and improved industrial process optimization. The use of microrheology to monitor photopolymerization can also aid in the development of predictive models and offer the ability to perform in-situ quality control of the process.
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Kim, Young-Min MacGregor John Frederick. "Photopolymerization of cycloaliphatic epoxide and vinyl ether /." *McMaster only, 2005.

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Elisseeff, Jennifer Hartt 1973. "Transdermal photopolymerization of hydrogels for tissue engineering." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84773.

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Ficek, Beth Ann Scranton Alec B. "The potential of cationic photopolymerization's long lived active centers." Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2008. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/280.

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Boddapati, Aparna. "Modeling cure depth during photopolymerization of multifunctional acrylates." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33934.

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The photopolymerization of multifunctional acrylates leads to the formation of a complex and insoluble network due to cross-linking. This characteristic is a useful property for stereolithography applications, where solid parts of the desired shape are cured using a pre-determined energy exposure profile. Traditionally, the required energy exposure is determined using a critical energy--depth of penetration, or Ec--Dp, model. The parameters Ec and Dp, are usually fit to experimental data at a specific resin composition and cure intensity. As a result, since the Ec--Dp model does not explicitly incorporate cure kinetics, it cannot be used for a different set of process conditions without first obtaining experimental data at the new conditions. Thus, the Ec--Dp model does not provide any insight when a new process needs to be developed, and the best processing conditions are unknown. The kinetic model for multifunctional acrylate photopolymerization presented here is based on a set of ordinary differential equations (ODE), which can be used to predict part height versus exposure condition across varying resin compositions. Kinetic parameter information used in the model is obtained by fitting the model to double bond conversion data from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. An additional parameter, the critical conversion value, is necessary for determining the formation of a solid part of the desired height. The initial rate of initiation, Ri, combines all the factors that impact part height, and therefore, it is an important quantity that is required in order to find the critical conversion value. The critical conversion value is estimated using the Ri and Tgel value from microrheology measurements. Information about network connectivity, which can be used to get properties such as molecular weight, cannot be derived from models using traditional mass-action kinetics for the cross-linking system. Therefore, in addition to modeling the reaction using the ODE based model, the results from a statistical model based on Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) principles are also shown here. The KMC model is applicable in situations where the impact of chain length on the kinetics or molecular weight evolution is of interest. For the present project, the detailed information from network connectivity was not required to make part height predictions, and the conversion information from the ODE model was sufficient. The final results show that the kinetic ODE model presented here, based on the critical conversion value, captures the impact of process parameters such as initiator concentration, light intensity, and exposure time, on the final part height of the object. In addition, for the case of blanket cure samples, the part height predictions from the ODE model make comparable predictions to the Ec--Dp model. Thus, the ODE model presented here is a versatile tool that can be used to determine optimum operating conditions during process development.
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Xu, Xiaolun. "Integrated Nanoemitters on Glass-based Waveguides by Photopolymerization." Thesis, Troyes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TROY0026.

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Les nano-émetteurs et les nanosources de lumière sont des éléments essentiels pour les dispositifs photoniques. L'une des principales exigences est la capacité d'intégrer des nano-émetteurs sur des emplacements de puces optiques spécifiques. De nombreuses approches ont été explorées pour la réalisation pratique de dispositifs photoniques évolutifs. Cependant, ces méthodes présentent certaines limites, comme des opérations compliquées, des coûts de fabrication élevés et de multiples étapes de fabrication. Cette thèse vise à explorer la faisabilité de l'intégration de nanoémetteurs basés sur des nanocomposites de polymères à points quantiques sur des substrats optiques à base de guides d'ondes en verre à échange d'ions par un processus de photopolymérisation. Nous avons fabriqué les crêtes de polymère à points quantiques de taille contrôlée sur les guides d'ondes en effectuant la photopolymérisation directe induite par le laser vert couplé au guide d'ondes avec une puissance laser et un temps d'exposition contrôlés. Nous avons réussi à fabriquer un nanocomposite de polymère à points quantiques uniques directement sur un guide d'ondes à échange d'ions grâce à la technique d'impression laser développée, basée sur la polymérisation à deux photons. L'émission couplée au guide d'ondes des points quantiques à l'intérieur du nanocomposite a été démontrée par les résultats de nos mesures de photoluminescence. Ce travail fournit une expérience expérimentale primaire pour nos travaux futurs
Nanoemitters and nanosources of light are crucial elements for photonic devices. one of the key requirements is the ability to integrate nanoemitters onto specific optical chip locations. Many approaches have been explored for the practical realization of scalable photonic devices. However, these methods have some limitations such as complicated operations, high manufacturing costs, and multiple fabricating steps. This thesis aims to explore the feasibility of integrating nanoemitters based on quantum dots-polymer nanocomposites onto glass ion-exchanged waveguides-based optical substrates by photopolymerization process. We fabricated the size-controlled quantum dots-polymer ridges on top of waveguides by conducting the direct photopolymerization induced by the waveguide-coupled green laser with controlled laser power and exposure time. We succeeded in fabricating a single quantum dots-polymer nanocomposite directly on an ion-exchanged-waveguide by the developed laser printing technique based on two photon polymerization. The waveguide-coupled emission from the quantum dots inside the nanocomposite was demonstrated by our photoluminescence measurement results. This work provides primary experimental experience for our future work
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Slopek, Ryan Patrick. "In-situ monitoring of the mechanical properties during the photopolymerization of acrylate resins using particle tracking microrheology." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22657.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Dr. Victor Breedveld; Committee Member: Dr. Clifford Henderson; Committee Member: Dr. David Rosen; Committee Member: Dr. Peter Ludovice; Committee Member: Dr. Sai Kumar.
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Lam, Edward. "Synthesis and photochemistry of novel aromatic carbonyl photopolymerization initiators." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254487.

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Books on the topic "Photopolymerization"

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Scranton, Alec B., Christopher N. Bowman, and Robert W. Peiffer, eds. Photopolymerization. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0673.

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1963-, Scranton Alec B., Bowman Christopher N. 1967-, Peiffer Robert W. 1942-, American Chemical Society. Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Photopolymerization: Fundamentals and applications. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997.

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Nail, Fatkullin, ed. NMR, 3D analysis, photopolymerization. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Carr, N. A. Photopolymerization of dye-sensitized coatings by laser light. Manchester: UMIST, 1991.

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1960-, Belfield Kevin, and Crivello James V. 1940-, eds. Photoinitiated polymerization. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003.

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S, Allen Norman, ed. Photopolymerisation and photoimaging science and technology. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1989.

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1947-, Fouassier Jean-Pierre, ed. Photochemistry and UV curing: New trends 2006. Kerala, India: Research Signpost, 2006.

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Crawford, Gregory Philip. Cross-linked liquid crystalline systems: From rigid polymer networks to elastomers. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2011.

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Kawata, Satoshi, Rainer Kimmich, Nail Fatkullin, Takayuki Ikehara, and Hiroshi Jinnai. NMR · 3D Analysis · Photopolymerization. Springer, 2004.

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NMR 3D Analysis Photopolymerization. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b12766.

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Book chapters on the topic "Photopolymerization"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Photopolymerization." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 534. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8687.

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Lin, Haiqing. "Photopolymerization." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1831-1.

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Mishra, Munmaya, and Biao Duan. "Photopolymerization." In The Essential Handbook of Polymer Terms and Attributes, 134–35. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003161318-131.

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Nassar, Raja, and Weizhong Dai. "Laser Photopolymerization." In Modelling of Microfabrication Systems, 123–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08792-3_4.

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Gibson, Ian, David Rosen, Brent Stucker, and Mahyar Khorasani. "Vat Photopolymerization." In Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 77–124. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56127-7_4.

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Gibson, Ian, David W. Rosen, and Brent Stucker. "Photopolymerization Processes." In Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 78–119. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1120-9_4.

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Bongiovanni, Roberta, and Alessandra Vitale. "Vat Photopolymerization." In High Resolution Manufacturing from 2D to 3D/4D Printing, 17–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13779-2_2.

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Ware, Henry Oliver Tenadooah, Rihan Hai, and Cheng Sun. "Vat Photopolymerization." In Springer Handbook of Additive Manufacturing, 349–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20752-5_22.

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Kloosterboer, J. G., G. M. M. Van de Hei, and G. F. C. M. Lijten. "Photopolymerization of Diacrylates." In Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology, 198–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4185-4_25.

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Gibson, Ian, David Rosen, and Brent Stucker. "Vat Photopolymerization Processes." In Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 63–106. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2113-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Photopolymerization"

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Shishido, Atsushi. "Two-dimensionally aligned liquid-crystalline polymer coatings designed by patterned photopolymerization." In Liquid Crystals XXVIII, edited by Iam Choon Khoo, 4. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3027528.

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Yang, Yizhe, Bingshan Liu, Kaixiang Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, and Gong Wang. "Correction of manufacturability based on the slice for ceramic vat photopolymerization." In 3rd International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Manufacturing Systems (ICAMTMS 2024), edited by Dailin Zhang and Ke Zhang, 44. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3038308.

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Yamaguchi, Katsumi, and Takeshi Nakamoto. "Microfabrication using laser-induced photopolymerization." In Laser-Assisted Microtechnology 2000, edited by Vadim P. Veiko. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.413747.

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Hoyle, Charles E., Tsuyoshi Watanabe, and Joe B. Whitehead, Jr. "Photopolymerization of oriented monomeric liquid crystals." In SPIE/IS&T 1992 Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, edited by Paul S. Drzaic and Uzi Efron. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.60390.

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Krongayz, Vadim V., and E. R. Schmelzer. "Peculiarities of anisotropic photopolymerization in films." In San Diego, '91, San Diego, CA, edited by Roger A. Lessard. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.50685.

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Baldacchini, Tommaso, Huzhen Chen, Richard Farrer, Michael Previte, Joel Moser, Michael Naughton, and John T. Fourkas. "Multiphoton photopolymerization with a Ti:sapphire oscillator." In High-Power Lasers and Applications, edited by Glenn S. Edwards, Joseph Neev, Andreas Ostendorf, and John C. Sutherland. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.461373.

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Diptanshu, Erik Young, Chao Ma, Suleiman Obeidat, Bo Pang, and Nick Kang. "Ceramic Additive Manufacturing Using VAT Photopolymerization." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6389.

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The popularity of additive manufacturing for producing porous bio-ceramics using vat photopolymerization in the recent years has gained a lot of impetus due to its high resolution and low surface roughness. In this study, a commercial vat polymerization printer (Nobel Superfine, XYZprinting) was used to create green bodies using a ceramic suspension consisting of 10 vol.% of alumina particles in a photopolymerizable resin. Four different sizes of cubical green bodies were printed out. They were subjected to thermal processing which included de-binding to get rid of the polymer and thereafter sintering for joining of the ceramic particles. The porosity percentage of the four different sizes were measured and compared. The lowest porosity was observed in the smallest cubes (5 mm). It was found to be 43.3%. There was an increase in the porosity of the sintered parts for the larger cubes (10, 15 and 20 mm). However, the difference in the porosity among these sizes was not significant and ranged from 61.5% to 65.2%. The compressive testing of the samples showed that the strength of the 5-mm cube was the maximum among all samples and the compressive strength decreased as the size of the samples increased. These ceramic materials of various densities are of great interest for biomedical applications.
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Croutxe-Barghorn, Celine, Olivier Soppera, and Daniel-Joseph Lougnot. "Microlens array fabrication through crosslinking photopolymerization." In Symposium on Micromachining and Microfabrication, edited by Sing H. Lee and J. Allen Cox. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.360531.

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Subrahmanyan, Suchitra, Fang Chen, and Hilary S. Lackritz. "Studies of Photopolymerization at Metal Surfaces." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.md.14.

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Surface second harmonic generation is used to study surface reactions during photopolymerization of vinyl monomers on metal surfaces. Photopolymerization shows promise in making defect-free insulating and abrasion resistant coatings, and in the fabrication of microelectronic devices1. Although researchers have studied the gas phase reaction in some detail, little is known about the surface reactions2. Also, the effects of various physical parameters such as monomer pressure, light intensity, and the nature of metal and the monomer on the physical properties of polymer films are not known.
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Hesami, L., C. Yang, N. Noginova, and M. A. Noginov. "Control of Photopolymerization of BITh Thin Films with Plasmonic Metal/Dielectric Substrates." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2023.jtu2a.125.

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We studied effects of metal-dielectric substrates on photopolymerization of BITh monomer. We found that the rate of photopolymerization is getting higher if the monomer film is deposited on top of silver, gold, and lamellar structures.
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