Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Photonique quantique'
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Kaiser, Florian. "Ingénierie de l'intrication photonique pour l'information quantique et l'optique quantique fondamentale." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777002.
Full textChassagneux, Yannick. "Photonique pour les lasers à cascade quantique térahertz." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740111.
Full textAktas, Djeylan. "Photonique quantique expérimentale : cohérence, non localité et cryptographie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4142.
Full textIn this thesis we study the coherence of light emitted by entangled photon-pair sources and micro-lasers. We have generated an manipulated entangled photonic states and investigated both fundamental (non locality) and applied (quantum cryptography) research directions. The objective of two fundamental studies on non locality was to partially relax the strong assumptions on which standard Bell tests rely. To this end, we redefined, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, the formalism of locality taking into account the influence, on correlation measurements, of the freedom of choice (in the basis settings) and of the limitation of the overall detection efficiency. Both assumptions allow devising generalized Bell inequalities whose experimental violations indicate that we can still attest for non locality for the observed states. In addition, we have studied and realized an experimental setup allowing to distribute entangled photon pairs in paired telecom channels for high bit rate quantum cryptography. We have shown that entanglement is preserved over a distance of 150 km with record rates for similar realizations, by mimicking classical network solutions exploiting, in an optimal fashion, the capacity of an optical fiber link via dense spectral multiplexing. Finally, we have studied the properties of light emitted by semiconductor lasers showing reduced dimensionality. This micro-lasers actually provide output light under high intensity fluctuations when they are pumped below the threshold. Their study allowed to refine our understanding on how the coherence builds up in these systems as the cavity is filled with photons
Vergyris, Panagiotis. "Vers les technologies quantiques basées sur l’intrication photonique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4142/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to develop photonic entanglement sources and study their implementation in the general field of quantum information technologies. To this end, a novel fully wave-guided, high performance photonic entanglement source is presented, able to generate hyper-entangled states in the observables of polarization and energy-time by means of a nonlinear Sagnac loop. The waveguide-based design makes it flexible, reliable, and adaptable to a wide spectral range, paving the way towards compact photonic entanglement generators, compatible with fiber-based communication systems and networks. This has been underlined by generating and distributing hyperentanglement in 5x2 dense wavelength division multiplexed channel telecom pairs, simultaneously, towards higher bit rates. The quality of the generated entanglement has been qualified by violating the Bell inequalities in a 16-dimension Hilbert space. Moreover, to adapt the wavelength of the entangled telecom photon pairs to the absorption wavelength of current quantum memory systems, a coherent wavelength converter is demonstrated. Furthermore, within the framework of quantum metrology, a new concept for a high-precision chromatic dispersion (CD) measurement in standard single mode fibers is introduced and demonstrated. In this demonstration, due to conceptual advantages enabled by quantum optics, an unprecedented 2.6 times higher accuracy on CD measurements is shown, compared to state-of-the-art techniques. In the same context, a new protocol for measuring two-photon phase shifts is performed using single photon detection only, promising scalable and potential real device applications with limited resources and simplified detection schemes. Finally, any potential application of quantum optics will be realized using small-scale devices. In this framework, an integrated on-chip heralded path entanglement generator is demonstrated, and shown to be adaptable to logic gate operations
Blanchet, Florian. "Photonique Josephson : génération & amplification micro-ondes en régime quantique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY078/document.
Full textThe recent field of Josephson photonics is about the interplay between circuit quantum electrodynamic and dynamical Coulomb blockade. It explains and studies the ability of a Cooper pair to inelasticity tunnel through a DC-biased Josephson junction by dissipating the Cooper pair energy in the electromagnetic environment of the junction in the form of photons.This thesis focuses on two aspects of the Josephson photonics:• Control over the statistics of the emitted photons with focus on Generation of non-classical photons;• Stimulated emission of photons leading to Amplification with added noise at the quantumlimit.These devices are powered with a simple DC voltage used to biased the Josephson junction. Such devices can be a new solution in a frequencies range where only few simple alternative solutions are now available.We have studied our devices with two theories, P-theory and input output theory, to derive working characteristics of our devices : Photon rate, gain, noise, bandwidth, compression point. The measured samples are made of niobium nitride and the electromagnetic environment of the junction is engineered to fulfil our needs. The possibility to select the photonic processes at will by engineering the electromagnetic environment permits to imagine further devices: other types of sources, wideband amplifiers, photon detectors
Yeo, Inah. "Une boite quantique dans un fil photonique : spectroscopie et optomécanique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809344.
Full textNedel, Patrick. "Nanostructures photoniques ultimes pour l'information quantique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676648.
Full textJumpertz, Louise. "Photonique non-linéaire dans les lasers à cascade quantique moyen infrarouges." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03689516.
Full textMid-infrared quantum cascade lasers are unipolar semiconductor lasers, which have become widely used sources for applications such as gas spectroscopy, free-space communications or optical countermeasures. Applying external per-turbations such as optical feedback or optical injection leads to a strong modification of the quantum cascade laser prop-erties. Optical feedback impacts the static properties of mid-infrared Fabry-Perot and distributed feedback quantum cas-cade lasers, inducing power increase, threshold reduction, modification of the optical spectrum, which can become either single- or multimode, and enhanced beam quality of broad-area transverse multimode lasers. It also leads to a different dynamical behavior, and a quantum cascade laser subject to optical feedback can oscillate periodically or even become chaotic: this work provides the very first analysis of optical instabilities in the mid-infrared range. A numerical study of optical injection furthermore proves that quantum cascade lasers can injection-lock over a few gigahertz, where they should experience enhanced stability and especially improved modulation bandwidth. Furthermore, some promising dynamics appear outside the locking range with periodic oscillations at a tunable frequency or high-intensity events. A quantum cascade laser under external control could therefore be a source with enhanced properties for the usual mid-infrared applications, but could also address new applications such as tunable photonic oscillators, extreme events gen-erators, chaotic LIDAR, chaos-based secured communications or unpredictable countermeasures
Mazeas, Florent. "Génération et manipulation d'états photoniques intriqués pour la communication et la métrologie quantiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4092/document.
Full textAfter a first quantum revolution marked by the advent of quantum physics and its counter-intuitive laws, the XXIst century is in the throes of a second quantum revolution based on quantum technologies. These promises a major upheaval in the areas of communication, calculation, simulation and metrology. In this thesis, we address two of the four subdomains mentioned above, namely those of communication and quantum metrology. The main word bringing together these works is entanglement. Indeed, we show that, thanks to this fundamental property, the performances of standard communication and metrology systems can be surpassed. Thus, we present how to generate these entangled states responsible for the quantum advantage, and this on two technological platforms. The first platform exploited is silicon. The latter, recent for photonics, combines the advantages of maturity allowing the integration of many micrometric structures on the same chip, with efficient non-linear properties, based on third order process. Silicon is then destined for many applications as we show by generating pairs of spectrally demultiplexed entangled photons directly compatible with standard telecommunication networks. The second platform we present is lithium niobate. The latter, widely used in many quantum photonics demonstrations, has a very important efficiency of entangled photon pairs generation, notably thanks to the exploitation of second order non-linear process. We detail an experiment of hyper-entangled states generation, which, like silicon, is oriented towards the domain of quantum communication. Finally, we also exploit these pairs of entangled photons combined with quantum interferometry methods to realize a quantum metrology experiment. The purpose is to measure with unprecedented precision the refractive indices difference of dual-core fibers
Strupiechonski, Élodie. "Confinement photonique extrêmement sub-longueur d'onde pour les lasers à cascade quantique térahertz." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943200.
Full textLaurent, Stéphane. "Cavités à bande interdite photonique bidimensionnelle et application à une source de photons uniques indiscernables." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066535.
Full textIsolating a single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot is a way to produce single photons. Moreover, the successively emitted photons can be indistinguishable if the emission process happens sufficiently fast. This radiative lifetime shortening can be obtained by the use of cavity effects (Purcell effect). In this work we describe the development of two-dimensional photonic band gap cavities for that purpose. A first step was the fabrication of GaAs photonic crystal cavities. Then, inserting a single layer of InAs/GaAs quantum dots in the structure, we managed to isolate a single quantum dot coupled to a single cavity mode, in the weak coupling regime. This system is an indistinguishable single photon source, with a degree of photon indistinguishability of 70 %. The observation of the photon indistinguishability is only possible through a shortening of the emitter lifetime, and indicates that the Purcell effect is more than 25 in this system
Elvira, Antunez David. "Sources à boîtes quantiques semiconductrices pour la nanophotonique et l'information quantique aux longueurs d'onde des télécommunications." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750816.
Full textDjellali, Nadia. "Vers le contrôle géométrique de l'émission de microcavités laser à base de polymères." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00516337.
Full textLepage, Dominic. "Dispositifs semi-conducteurs pour biodétection photonique et imagerie hyperspectrale." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6626.
Full textBahriz, Michaël. "Lasers à cascade quantique et leurs applications aux cristaux photoniques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00285503.
Full textYao, Yuan. "Automated design of photonic quantum circuits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAT005.
Full textQuantum computing is based on quantum physics phenomena, such assuperposition and entanglement and it promises to revolutionize the world of computing. Photonics is a prominent platform for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing. It has various qualities: working at room temperature, large-scale manufacturability using existing foundries for silicon chips, and compatibility with optical communication to interconnect different quantum computers.Our main goal is to automate the design of photonic quantum circuits and of their interconnects. Before a real photonic quantum computer can be manufactured, it is essential to numerically simulate and optimize the corresponding circuits, which in practice are built out of Gaussian components such as squeezers, beam-splitters, phase shifters, and homodyne detectors. To achieve universality, we also need non-Gaussian effects, which can be supplied by photon-number-resolving detectors. We design circuits from this toolbox and optimize them for various applications using various gradient descent algorithms, some of which we adapted to our purpose.The main contributions are:1. In photonics, Fock space and phase space representations are both useful formalisms to describe quantum states and transformations. We introduce a unified Fock space representation of all Gaussian objects in terms of a single linear recurrence relation that can recursively generate their Fock space amplitudes.2. We find the composition rule of Gaussian operations in Fock space, which allows us to obtain the correct global phase when composing Gaussian operations (normally absent from the phase space description), and therefore to extend our model to states that can be written as linear combinations of Gaussians.3. Our recursive representation is differentiable, allowing for a straightforward computation of the gradients of a Gaussian object with respect to any parametrization. We then adapt gradient-based optimization to the problem of circuit optimization. We implement a Euclidean optimizer (i.e. which doesn't take the geometry of parameter space unto account) in order to optimize each parametrized component of a circuit. Then we study two ways to account for geometry: first we apply Riemannian optimization, by combining all the Gaussian operations into a global transformation and following a geodesic on the manifold of symplectic matrices to find the optimized transformation, at which point we can decompose it back into fundamental optical components. Second, we generalize a complex version of the natural gradient for optical quantum circuits to accelerate the convergence of the training process.4. We also give some optimal task-based strategies for using our recurrence relations. New algorithms are proposed to calculate, for instance, the amplitudes of a mixed state and the transformation matrix of interferometers. In addition, we derive a fast contraction algorithm for Gaussian transformations, which allows us to "fuse" the computation of the amplitudes of a Gaussian transformation and its action on any state.5. With the simulation on differentiable photonic quantum circuits built from the recurrence relation, we can design photonic quantum circuits automatically. We give state preparation as the first example; we find circuits that can produce high-fidelity states in a reasonable time, such as cat states with mean photon number 4, fidelity 99.38%, and success probability 7.3%. We can also optimize a 216-mode interferometer to make a Gaussian Boson Sampling experiment harder to spoof.6. We made this work available in various open-source libraries: TheWalrus, StrawberryFields, Poenta, and MrMustard
Nguyen, Hoai Anh. "Non-linéarité optique géante à deux modes à partir d'une boîte quantique semi-conductrice dans un fil photonique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY036/document.
Full textControlling light by light at the single photon level is a fundamental quest in the field of quantum computing, quantum information science and classical ultra-low power optical computing. A quantum light emitter made of a single two-level system is a highly non-linear medium, where the interaction of one photon with the medium can modify the transmission of another incoming photon. In this scenario, the most challenging issue to obtain a giant optical non-linearity is to optimize photon-emitter interaction. This issue can be overcome by inserting the quantum emitter inside a photonic structure. This system is known as “one-dimensional atom”: the light collection efficiency as well as the probability for an emitter to absorb a photon fed into the structure is maximum. In this study, we aim at using such kind of system to experimentally realize a two-mode giant non-linearity, in which the reflection of one light mode is controlled by another light mode at the single-photon level. The system consists of a semiconductor InAs/GaAs quantum dot, which can be considered as an artificial atom, embedded inside a GaAs photonic wire, which is an optical waveguide. The photonic wire defines a single spatial mode around the emitter and offers a close to unity light-emitter interaction efficiency. In addition, the photonic wire also possesses a spectrally broadband operation range. Thanks to these two excellent features of the system, we experimentally demonstrate in this thesis a single-mode and a two-mode giant non-linearity obtained at the level of just a few tens of photons per emitter lifetime. This realizes an integrated ultra-low power all-optical switch
Maëro, Simon. "Étude sous champ magnétique de nouvelles structures quantiques pour la photonique infrarouge et térahertz." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0022/document.
Full textThis work reports on the study under magnetic field of three interesting quantumsystems, which present remarkable electronic properties and potential applications for infrared andterahertz photonics : two quantum cascade structures, one detector and one emitter, as well asepitaxial graphene layers grown on the carbon face of SiC. The GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade detector,designed to work around 15m, was studied both with and without illumination in order toidentify the electronic paths responsible for the dark current and the photocurrent. The developmentof a photocurrent model allowed us to identify the key points controlling the electronic transport.The investigation, as a function of the temperature and bias voltage, of a InGaAs/GaAsSb quantumcascade laser with a nominally symmetric structure shows the influence of interface roughness onthe laser performances. We demonstrate that the InGaAs/GaAsSb type II heterostructure system ispromising for developing terahertz quantum cascade lasers working at high temperature. Finally,magneto-spectroscopy experiments performed on epitaxial graphene display, besides the transitionsbetween Landau levels of monolayer graphene, additional signatures that we attribute to disorder,more specifically to carbon vacancies. Calculations using a delta-like potential for modeling thedefects are in good agreement with the experimental results. This study is the first experimental demonstrationof the influence of localized defects on the graphene electronic properties. The disorderperturbed Landau level structure is clearly established
Fons, Romain. "Propriétés optiques de boîtes quantiques semiconductrices intégrées dans des antennes à fil photonique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY053.
Full textA photonic wire antenna shapes the emission of a quantum dot (QD) into a directional beam, which can be efficiently collected by free-space optics. These photonic structures find applications in the emission of non-classical states of light (single photons, entangled pairs of photons) or in the generation of giant non-linearities, at the level of a single photon. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the optical properties of InAs QDs integrated in photonic wire antennas through two main results. We first demonstrate an all-optical - and therefore non-destructive - technique for precisely locating a QD in a section of the antenna. The position of the emitter is important because it conditions the strength of the light-matter interaction within the antenna, as well as the coupling of the QD to certain spectral decoherence channels. The proposed technique exploits the emission of the QD in two guided modes which present different spatial profiles and is based on a measurement of the angle-resolved far-field map. The second study focuses on spin-flip mechanisms that couple the exciton states of a neutral QD. These spin-flips are a source of decoherence. To reveal them, we integrate the QD into an anisotropic photonic structure (here a photonic wire with an elliptical cross section). Polarization measurements combined with time-resolved measurements of the photoluminescence decay then allow determining the spin-flip rates. We present a study of the influence of the temperature and of the non-resonant excitation power
Finazzer, Matteo. "Boîtes quantiques accordées par contrainte mécanique et nanostructures photoniqueslarge bande pour le traitement quantique de l'information." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY014.
Full textBright and tunable sources of indistinguishable single photons are key devices for photonic quantum information technologies. Building such a source with a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) requires a “knob” to tune the QD emission wavelength combined with a broadband photonic structure for light extraction. This thesis reports several important steps towards this goal.We first investigate a nanocylinder cavity, a photonic structure that, despites its simplicity, offers a pronounced Purcell acceleration of spontaneous emission over a large spectral bandwidth. We demonstrate the first resonant optical spectroscopy of a QD embedded in a nanopost cavity, by leveraging a cross-polarization scheme that efficiently suppresses stray laser light (collaboration with the group of Richard Warburton). This technique enabled a precise characterization of the optical properties of the emitter.We next demonstrate a tunable single-photon source based on a QD embedded in a tapered photonic wire. In our device, a set of on chip electrodes biased with a DC voltage applies an electrostatic force to the wire. As the wire bends, the resulting mechanical strain changes the bandgap energy of the embedded QDs. We demonstrate both a large increase and a large decrease of the QD emission wavelength by controlling the wire bending direction.With an AC voltage, the above-mentioned actuation scheme can also excite the vibration modes of the nanowire. This capability is interesting in the context of hybrid nanomechanics. In our experiments, we leverage the QD photoluminescence to detect and identify the wire mechanical vibrations. In particular, we evidence a high-order flexural mode that resonates at 190 MHz, a value that exceeds the QD radiative rate. This constitutes an important step towards the spectrally-resolved-sidebands regime.The devices demonstrated in this work open promising prospects for the future developments of quantum photonics and hybrid nanomechanics
Carrillo, Guerrero Sergio Ivan. "Electronic structure and optical properties of heterogeneous nanocrystals : theory and modeling." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10117/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to give a description of the electronic structure and optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (nanocrystals) containing heterojunctions, i.e. nano-junctions between two semiconductors. These nanostructures have interesting optical properties which are very promising for applications in photonics and photovoltaics. The theoretical description of the effects of the interface demands special attention. We start describing the calculations of the electronic structure of bulk semiconductors using semi-empirical tight-binding, and we show how to apply this technique to semiconductor quantum dots. We develop expressions to connect the discrete levels of energy in a quantum dot and the transitions in optical absorption spectra. The bulk tight-binding parameters are used for the calculation of the electronic structure of quantum dots of single compounds, analyzing the effect of the size variation of the quantum dots. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated, in particular we obtain good values for the bandgap versus size compared to experiments. We apply this method to calculate the electronic structure of PbSe/CdSe core/shell quantum dots, after an analysis of the different types of interfaces that can appear in this system, and we discuss the issues related to the determination of the band offsets. The results of these calculations validate the assumption of the role of the shell as a potential barrier for the electron and the hole. The electronic structures are used in the last chapter to simulate the absorption spectra of PbSe, CdSe and PbSe/CdSe quantum dots. We give theoretical support to recent experiments in transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing groups of new transitions originated by photo-induced intraband absorption. Our calculations shed light on the nature of these optical transitions which can be of interest for applications in photonics
Bozzio, Mathieu. "Security and implementation of advanced quantum cryptography : quantum money and quantum weak coin flipping." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT045.
Full textHarnessing the laws of quantum theory can drastically boost the security of modern communication networks, from public key encryption to electronic voting and online banking. In this thesis, we bridge the gap between theory and experiment regarding two quantum-cryptographic tasks: quantum money and quantum weak coin flipping. Quantum money exploits the no-cloning property of quantum physics to generate unforgeable tokens, banknotes, and credit cards. We provide the first proof-of-principle implementation of this task, using photonic systems at telecom wavelengths. We then develop a practical security proof for quantum credit card schemes, in which the bank can remotely verify a card even in the presence of a malicious payment terminal. We finally propose a setup for secure quantum storage of the credit card, using electromagnetically-induced transparency in a cloud of cold cesium atoms. Quantum weak coin flipping is a fundamental cryptographic primitive, which helps construct more complex tasks such as bit commitment and multiparty computation. It allows two distant parties to flip a coin when they both desire opposite outcomes. Using quantum entanglement then prevents any party from biasing the outcome of the flip beyond a certain probability. We propose the first implementation for quantum weak coin flipping, which requires a single photon and linear optics only. We provide the complete security analysis in the presence of noise and losses, and show that the protocol is implementable on the scale of a small city with current technology. We finally propose a linear-optical extension of the protocol to lower the coin bias
Grimm, Alexander. "Josephson photonics : Statistics of photons emitted by inelastic Cooper pair tunneling." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY078/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the emerging field of Josephson photonics through the study of correlations between microwave photons emitted by inelastic Cooper pair tunneling across a voltage-biased Josephson junction. We show that the photon statistics can be strongly modified by embedding the junction into a carefully engineered electromagnetic environment. Doing so, we have elaborated and measured a bright on-demand radiation source, capable of emitting bunched and anti-bunched microwave photons depending only on a single in-situ tunable parameter.In order to conduct this experiment, we have implemented a Hanbury-Brown & Twiss setup for photon correlation measurements using linear amplifiers in a dilution refrigerator. Furthermore, we have designed microwave circuits presenting specific frequency-dependent impedances to the junction. To build these devices we have developed a nano-fabrication process for vertical Josephson junctions made from niobium nitride and using magnesium oxide as a tunnel barrier. Finally, we have contributed to the theoretical advances associated with the understanding of these devices, which extend the so-called P(E) theory of inelastic Cooper pair tunneling to include correlations between tunneling events.These results pave the way for further developments, notably with the possibility to extend the frequency range of these radiation sources to the THz domain but also in view of other devices based on the same physics, such as detectors and amplifiers close to the quantum limit
Hease, William. "Gallium arsenide optomechanical disks approaching the quantum regime." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC326/document.
Full textThe main goal of this PhD work has been to reach the quantum ground state on gallium arsenide optomechanical disks. Quantum mechanics predict that the amount of energy within a given system cannot be brought to zero. Nevertheless a state of minimal energy exists, called the ground state. The physical mechanism used to extract energy from the system (and thus reach the ground state) is the optomechanical coupling. The miniature disks support optical and mechanical resonances, respectively called whispering gallery modes and radial breathing modes. The coupling between these two modes can be intuited as follows: when the disk breathes mechanically, its perimeter increases. The optical mode evolves now in a wider cavity, and its resonance wavelength therefore changes. Conversely, the optical mode exerts radiation pressure on the disk boundaries, which can either amplify or damp the mechanical motion. Optomechanical cooling is more efficient if the dissipation rates of the optical and mechanical resonances are low. An important part of this PhD work has therefore been dedicated to the reduction of dissipation. Technological efforts have been made to fabricate smooth and regular structures, so as to limit optical scattering. A novel approach consisting of a mechanical shield has allowed to reduce mechanical damping by a factor of 100. The system state after optomechanical cooling depends on its initial temperature. It is therefore advantageous to place the system in cryogenic environment prior to starting the optomechanical cooling. The apparatus used throughout this PhD work can cool the optomechanical device down to 2.6 K. As optical experiments in cryogenic environment require a good mechanical stability, it is necessary to opt for fully integrated devices where the optomechanical resonator and the waveguide bringing the light to it are processed on the same chip. The development of fully suspended waveguides has moreover allowed to inject and collect light from the device more efficiently. All these improvements have allowed to reach a state of 30 excitation quanta in the mechanical resonator. However many ideas can still be tried to keep enhancing the devices, so as to anchor them more firmly in the ground state. This would open the way to more advanced experiments, such as entanglement of mechanical oscillators
Chahadih, Abdallah. "Photo-croissance organisée de nano-objets métalliques ou semiconducteurs dans les matériaux diélectriques destinés à la photonique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10060/document.
Full textThe thesis project aims to master the localization and organization of metallic and semiconducting nano-objects formed inside sol-gel silica materials for novel applications. The nanostructuration method used in this thesis is based on the laser irradiation and, if necessary, heat-treatment. The local character of the matter-light interaction leads to the formation of nano-objects only in the irradiated areas. Hence, it is possible to control the spatial distribution of the nano-crystallites as well as their size distribution by varying the irradiation parameters. In this thesis, porous silica monoliths produced via the sol-gel process were doped and densified. Different kinds of semiconductors (CdS, PbS) and metallic (Au, Ag) nanoparticles incorporated inside the porous SiO2 matrix have been precipitated with the assistance of laser irradiation at room temperature or by an annealing process. The local generation of nanoparticles could be performed directly on the surface of the silica xerogel using a visible continuous laser or inside the volume of the matrix by a femtosecond laser irradiation. Moreover, it has been shown that the nanoparticle size could be adjusted by choosing the concentration of the precursors in the post-doping solution, the laser wavelength, the irradiation power and/or the annealing temperature in the case of thermal precipitation. Furthermore, different methods were used to precipitate metallic nanoparticles (Ag or Cu) inside dense silica matrix. Those techniques are based on laser irradiations and/or heat treatments. Under pulsed laser irradiation, the space selective growth of noble metal nanoparticles was achieved in two steps: first, metallic nucleation centres were generated by the pulsed laser (nanosecond or femtosecond) in the irradiated areas; next, the metallic nanoparticles growth was obtained by annealing at 600°C. Besides, the doping of glassy matrices with copper nanoparticles allows foreseeing their use in the core of microstructured optical fibres. First capillary drawings have shown that the copper nanoparticles can be preserved after undergoing a melting at 2000°C
Gilles, Clément. "Optique intégrée pour sources largement accordables moyen-infrarouge." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS009/document.
Full textIn the mid-infrared, arrays of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers have been developed as a serious alternative to obtain extended wavelength operation range of laser-based gas sensing systems. Narrow-linewidth, single mode operation and wide tunability are then gathered together on a single chip with high compactness and intrinsic stability. In order to benefit from this extended wavelength range in a single output beam, the key challenge resides in the combination of different technologies to merge the output of different sources via the use of mid-IR photonic integrated circuits (PIC). The PIC can be split into three main blocks: the passive waveguide platform, the beam combiner and the active/passive coupler. For beam handling and guiding, we report fabrication and characterization of deeply etched InP/InGaAs/InP waveguides with state of the art performances. We fabricate and characterize multiplexers based on echelle and arrayed waveguide gratings on InP and SiGe platforms. A 60-to-1 spectral multiplexer operating in the 7-to-8.5 µm range is demonstrated. An advanced multiplexing scheme using interleaved and cross-order operations is also exposed. Finally, we realize quantum cascade laser arrays on InP and silicon. We design, fabricate and characterize an adiabatic coupler to efficiently and monolithically integrate active and passive waveguides. Heterogenous and hybrid integration are also considered with the demonstration of a tunable source using laser array and InP-based multiplexer
Peugeot, Ambroise. "Quantum microwave sources from inelastic Cooper pair tunneling Antibunched Photons Emitted by a dc-Biased Josephson Junction." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS093.
Full textThe probabilistic charge transfer in tunnel junctions is a source of current noise, which can be picked up by the environment of the junction where it creates electromagnetic excitations - or photons. In this thesis, we demonstrate that a superconducting tunnel junction coupled to a tailored environment can act as a bright source of quantum microwave radiation. The energy required to create photons is extracted from a DC voltage source during the inelastic tunneling of Cooper pair through the junction. We detect this emitted light and study its properties with quantum optics tools adapted to the microwave domain. We characterize the singlephoton nature of the light emitted in a single mode strongly coupled to a junction, as well as the entanglement of photon pairs emitted in two modes at different frequencies. In addition to a better understanding of the charge-light coupling in coherent conductors, this work could lead to new ways of manipulating information at the quantum level
Chopin, Alexandre. "Photonic crystal sources of non-classical states of light." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP079.
Full textQuantum integrated photonics promises to bring quantum optics into a practical device. The primary objective of this area is to achieve scalable integration for various applications, including quantum computing, simulation, communication, and sensing. In a quantum circuit, photons, which are carriers of the quantum state, are generated, manipulated with linear and nonlinear components, and detected. The goal of this doctoral study is to contribute to the development of efficient and scalable sources of non-classical states of light, e.g: entanglement, single photons, and squeezing. To this purpose, we introduce a novel class of sources based on photonic crystal (PhC) resonators, and we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance in terms of efficiency and footprint. PhC cavities have been considered for quantum optics without, however, achieving remarkable performances. Therefore, micro-disks and rings have been commonly used as sources for integrated quantum photonics. Encouraged by the successful demonstration of the first Optical Parametric Oscillations (OPO) using a PhC cavity, we explored the potential application of this technology in the field of quantum optics. Below the threshold, OPO generates correlated photon pairs through a spontaneous parametric process, specifically spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing (SFWM). In particular, OPOs have been commonly utilized for generating entangled photon pairs and squeezed states. It is crucial that the cavity contains three equispaced modes that match the frequencies of the interacting photons, as this ensures maximum efficiency. Two geometries of PhC cavities have been considered: Nanobeam and Bichromatic, both made of Indium Gallium Phosphide. The main result is the ultra-efficient generation of time-correlated photon pairs. This confirmed our expectations based on the ultra-low threshold of the PhC OPO. Considering the state-of-the-art, we show that efficiency scales with the interaction volume in the cavity. Therefore, the origin of the very large efficiency is the very small volume of the PhC cavities. Moreover, this also implies a much-reduced footprint on the chip, which helps scalability. We have further characterized the properties of the generated photons, in particular time-energy entanglement, heralded single photons, and the emission of photon pairs in time-bins, an essential step towards demonstrating time-bin entanglement. Additionally, preliminary steps towards the generation of two-mode squeezed states have been undertaken. Besides, we have also considered the classical dynamics above OPO threshold by sampling its parameter space by performing measurements on a large number of devices. This allowed us to set a condition for OPO operation in agreement with a model highlighting the limiting role of non-linear absorption. We also revealed potential instabilities in the OPO operation. Finally, we started to address the question of scalability by performing a statistical analysis of over 650 cavities to study the impact of fabrication tolerances. So, we have demonstrated PhC cavity quantum sources with an exceptional level of efficiency. This suggests a promising new approach for the development of scalable sources within quantum integrated circuits
Persechino, Mauro. "Étude experimentale de l'intégration d'un systèm de distribution quantique de clé à variables continues sur un circuit optique en silicium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLO013/document.
Full textDuring recent years there have been significant developments in quantum cryptography, bringing quantum key distribution (QKD) devices on the market. This can be done by using either discrete variables (DV) and photon counting, or continuous variables (CV) and coherent detection. Current technological evolutions are now aiming at developing smaller, cheaper and more user-friendly devices.This work focuses on the implementation of CV-QKD using silicon photonics techniques, which provide a high degree of integration. This is exploited to build an on-chip realization of a cryptographic protocol, using Gaussian modulation of coherent states. Two different approaches have been used, first by physically implementing the sender (Alice) and the receiver (Bob) on the same chip for validation purposes, and then by having them onto two separate chips. The measured communication parameters give the possibility to extract a secret key
Oser, Dorian. "Integrated silicon photonics for quantum optics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS455.
Full textSilicon photonics is a dynamic research field of integrated optics. It allows to miniaturize numerous optical functionalities such as lasers, electro-optical modulators, routers, detectors, for telecom wavelengths, LIDAR, sensor, metrology or even spectroscopy, all while been able to propose large scale production high precision technologies. On another side, quantum optics suffers from difficulties to scale optical systems, requires extreme stability, perfect alignment, and many bulky optical elements, while solving these issues follows a natural path in integrated photonics. Development of integrated quantum photonics can thus open the door to cheap, powerful, and scalable systems for quantum cryptography, telecoms, and computation. In a significant way, quantum requirements are not the ones of classical circuits with respect to photonic components and circuits. The generation of quantum states indeed requires more than 100dB of pump laser rejection, while being able to manage ultra-low useful optical signals and get rid of on-chip optical noise. In this context, this thesis is dedicated to the study, dimension, realization, and characterization of silicon photonic components and circuits for quantum optics on a chip. The target goal is to generate entangled states in energy-time and manipulate them on chip. The qualification of the quantum properties is also explored to better understand the limitations of the silicon platform in the followed objectives. Another choice of this work is to stay in telecoms wavelength and aligned with the standard channels (ITU grid), to only use off-the-shelf components, all while been CMOS compatible and compliant with standard fabrication process, this to allow the possibility to produce on large scale
Leménager, Godefroy. "Étude de nanostructures semiconductrices pour la photonique quantique : Polaritons de microcavité sous excitation à deux photons et sources de photons uniques avec des nanocristaux colloïdaux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818662.
Full textLeménager, Godefroy. "Etude de nanostructures semiconductrices pour la photonique quantique : polaritons de microcavité sous excitation à deux photons et sources de photons uniques avec des nanocristaux colloïdaux." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066617.
Full textFilipovic, Jovana. "Coherent optical spectroscopy of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots doped with a single Mn atom." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP194.
Full textFor over a decade, it has been possible to grow InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) doped with a single magnetic atom such as manganese (Mn). This advancement enabled the investigation, at the single spin level, of the sp-d exchange interaction between the 3d5 electrons of Mn and individual carriers (electrons or holes). Additionally, in the context of quantum technologies, these Mn-doped QDs present a structure of levels and optical selection rules of potential high interest to implement quantum protocols based on spin-photon entanglement. Performing optical coherent spectroscopy of such QDs is the first step towards their possible application in this field. Before this work, Mn-doped InGaAs QDs in a well-defined charge state have been studied only under non-resonant excitation with micro-photoluminescence (µ-PL) set-up. To resonantly excite these QDs, we first developed a dark-field confocal microscope setup based on the rejection of the reflected resonant laser in a cross-polarized configuration. Although we achieved near state-of-the-art extinction of the stray light from the laser, performing a true resonance fluorescence experiment proved challenging. Indeed, due to the absence of optical cavity in our sample and to the presence of spectral diffusion, the PL signal turned out to be still a few orders of magnitude lower than the reflected laser shot noise, requiring a too long acquisition time to be extracted. To circumvent this issue, we implemented a resonance Raman scattering experiment based on specific Λ-like transitions found in these QDs, enabling us to record PL signal at a different wavelength than the resonant laser, and still giving us access to the study of excited spin state coherence. We actually first applied this technique to study the case of an H-passivated Mn dopant in a QD. In III-V materials, Mn acts as a shallow acceptor with a magnetic center and localized hole. Hydrogen passivation aimed to prevent the formation of this acceptor state by bonding of one of the neighboring As atoms of Mns to an H atom. The resulting optical signature observed in standard PL spectrum revealed intricate line patterns with unique magnetic field behavior. To interpret these results, we developed a theoretical model treating the compensated Mn dopant as a 5/2 spin system in a highly strained configuration, giving rise to a structure of levels that could be confirmed via our resonant optical excitation set-up. Remarkably, achieving agreement with experimental results required considering a ferromagnetic h-Mn exchange interaction, in contrast to the typical antiferromagnetic p-d exchange in Mn-doped II-VI and III-V QDs. We then focused on conducting coherence spectroscopy of non-passivated Mn-doped InGaAs QDs to study the coherence between different spin states. We first used a single scanning laser to resonantly excite one of the two transitions of a V-type system and measured the fluorescence due to resonant Raman scattering towards a spectator state. Autler-Townes splittings were successfully resolved under conditions of high laser power, despite the considerable inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions, providing a measurement of the optical dipoles. To describe this system, we used a theoretical model based on the optical Bloch equations, which demonstrated excellent agreement with the experimental results. It also enabled us to estimate the spin relaxation time between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic ground states. Subsequently, we conducted a two-laser experiment, with one laser fixed on one of the V-system transitions while the other scanned the remaining transition. The use of two lasers was instrumental in creating coherence between the excited spin states, which notably determined the contrast of the measured Autler-Townes doublet. By modelling these results, we could evidence that the spin coherence time of the excited states is mostly determined by their radiative lifetime
Cordier, Martin. "Photon-pair generation in hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT024.
Full textPhoton pair sources are an essential component of the emerging quantum information technology. Despite ingenious proposals being explored in the recent years based on either second order nonlinear processes in crystals and waveguides or on third order processes in fibers, limitations remain, due to losses and specifically coupling losses in the former case and due to Raman generation in silica, giving rise to a broad spectrum noise in the latter. These limitations have been challenging to lift because of the limited alternative nonlinear materials that fulfil the conditions for the generation of bright and high fidelity photon pairs in integrable photonic structures. In the present project, we develop a new and versatile type of photonic architecture for quantum information applications that offers access to a variety of nonlinear optical materials that are micro-structured in optical fiber forms to generate photon pairs, without the drawback of Raman scattering and with a large design parameter-space. Indeed, with a careful design of the HCPCF along with the appropriate choice of fluid, one can (i) control the dispersion and the transmission to generate photons with the most favourable phase-matching condition over a large spectral range, (ii) adjust the fibre core size and/or shape to enhance nonlinearity or the coupling efficiency with other fibres, (iii) totally suppress the Raman effect in monoatomic gases for instance or have only narrow and separated Raman lines that can thus be easily separated from the useful parametric lines in liquids
Trigo, Vidarte Luis. "Design and implementation of high-performance devices for continuous-variable quantum key distribution." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO021.
Full textQuantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the first quantum technologies that were able to provide commercially meaningful solutions to the problem of distributing cryptographic keys between trusted parties, guaranteeing long term security. It is now progressing towards technical maturity, by proposing multiple implementation alternatives. In this thesis, we study Continuous-Variables QKD (CV-QKD), which shares many common elements with classical coherent communication systems, and is a good candidate to facilitate the access to QKD for more users.The use of digital signal processing (DSP) techniques typical in classical communications has been only partially exploited in previous CV-QKD implementations. We experimentally implement standard telecommunication techniques like pulse shaping, adaptive filtering and mode recovery in order to improve the quantum secret key rate and optimize the occupied bandwidth.The potential of integration of the components in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is another important aspect of CV-QKD. We have tested a silicon photonics PIC integrating a 180º hybrid detector with two germanium photodiodes, showing that measured parameters are compatible with the generation of secret key.One of the most limiting factors of QKD is the performance under lossy channels, which is common in optical fibre for distances in the order of hundred kilometers. The range can be significantly extended using free space communications, and in particular satellites, where the losses at longer distances can be lower than those in fibre. We consider a model for a downlink satellite channel and predict the achievable secret key rates at different altitudes for CV-QKD, resulting in a potentially feasible technology for satellite communications, extending the range to intercontinental distances
Maltese, Giorgio. "Generation and manipulation of high-dimensional photonics states with AlGaAs chips." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/MALTESE_Giorgio_2_complete_20190915.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the development of novel integrated semiconductor devices and methods for the generation and manipulation of high-dimensional states of light. We report on the study of an AlGaAs waveguide implementing type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion process in a monochromatic pump regime, with a focus on the joint spectral amplitude of the emitted biphoton state. The source works at room temperature, emits photon pairs in the telecom range and is compliant with electrical injection. The generation of broadband biphoton states is experimentally demonstrated via the reconstruction of the joint spectral intensity and via a Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment indicating that signal and idler photons are emitted over a large bandwidth (170nm) and with a high degree of indistinguishability (V=0.86). Moreover, we show that the cavity effect due to waveguide facets reflectivity leads to the production of biphoton frequency-comb states. This platform is used to demonstrate an original method to generate and control the symmetry of biphoton frequency combs exploiting cavity effects and a delay between the two photons of each pair. More specifically, we show that a fine tuning of the pump frequency enables the generation of resonant and anti-resonant comb states allowing to manipulate the wavefunction symmetry. The method can be adapted and applied to a large variety of systems, either bulk or integrated, thus increasing their flexibility and the richness of the generated states in view of implementation of new quantum information protocols.In addition, we demonstrate the realization of an AlGaAs ridge waveguide for the generation of light beams with tailored phase and polarization distributions, carrying spin angular momentum, and present the design of a device for the generation of a twisted light beam, carrying first order orbital angular momentum
Schaeverbeke, Quentin. "Photon emission and quantum transport in nanoplasmonic cavities." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0097.
Full textThe study of light–matter interaction has drawn through the years more and more interest. With the improvement of the techniques used for building electromagnetic cavities, it is now possible to couple cavities with nanocircuits merging the fields of quantum optics and nanoelectronics.Not only that, but some experiments also reported the possibility to use a scanning tunneling microscope as a plasmonic cavity coupled with electronic transport. In this thesis a theoretical framework is proposed, based on mesoscopic quantum electrodynamics, for studying the coupling between electronic transport in a molecular junction and the electromagnetic field of a cavity. This thesis focuses on the sequential tunneling regime for the electrons and use density matrix approach. This allows to derive the master equation as well as a computational scheme to compute electronic current and the photon statistic when it is not possible to obtain analytical results. First, a single–level model for the molecule in the junction is studied. Indeed the electronic current induces a fluctuation of the charge on the molecule that couples with the electromagnetic field in the cavity. The investigations on this system are done in the experimentally relevant limit of large damping rate κ for the cavity mode and arbitrary strong light–matter coupling strength. This model shows the equivalence between the electron–photon coupling for a single level and the electron– phonon coupling that has long been studied in nanoelectronics known as the Franck–Condon principle. The current–voltage characteristics show steps, each separated by the energy of a photon, as the electron tunneling dissipate some energy in the cavity mode. In this work a formula has been derived for the electronic current taking into account the damping of the cavity. This allows to show that the width of the current’s steps are controlled by κ rather than the temperature. The single-level junction shows interesting light–emission regimes. At large bias voltage this theory predicts strong photon bunching of the order κ/Γ where Γ is the electronic tunneling rate. However, at the first inelastic threshold the theory predicts current–driven non–classical light emission from the single–level junction. Finally the investigation of the effect of a strong external drive of the cavity on the electronic current shows a quantization of the current that is linked to the Franck–Condon effect. Finally the theory is applied to a double–level model for the molecular junction inspired by quantum optics. In this scenario, the cavity mode couples to the electronic transition between the two states of the molecule. The effect of the charge fluctuations for each single electronic level is neglected. Therefore the coupling is a dipolar coupling in this case. The focus is mainly on the weak coupling regime. The electronic current shows the Rabi splitting due to the hybridization of the cavity mode and the molecule. Electronic tunneling can occur into these hybridized states and is responsible for light emission in the cavity in a iii single tunneling process. Light antibunching is seen in the weak coupling regime since our model predicts that only single photon emission is possible during a tunneling event in this case. Though the intermediate coupling regime is only briefly treated, the strong coupling regime is shown to be similar to two independent single level
El estudio de las interacciones entre luz y materia ha atraído un interés creciente a lo largo de los años. La mejora de las técnicas de fabricación de las cavidades electromagnéticas permite hoy conjugar las cavidades con nanocircuitos, combinando así los campos de la óptica cuántica y de la nanoelectrónica. Se añade a eso la posibilidad de usar un microscopio con efecto túnel a modo de cavidad plasmónica combinada con el transporte electrónico que fue demostrado en numerosas experiencias. Esa tesis propone un cuadro teórico basado en la electrodinámica mesoscópica, permitiendo el estudio de la combinación del transporte electrónico dentro de una unión molecular con el campo electromagnético de una cavidad. El foco se centra en el régimen túnel secuencial de los electrones, a cual está apto el uso de la matriz densidad para los cálculos. Ese régimen permite establecer ecuaciones claves que rigen el desarrollo temporal de la matriz densidad, tal como un esquema de cálculo numérico de la corriente electrónica y de la estadística de los fotones en la cavidad cuando no es posible obtener un resultado analítico. Primero se estudia un modelo de un solo nivel electrónico para la molécula. En efecto, la existencia de una corriente electrónica significa que la carga en la molécula fluctúa y esa fluctuación se combina con el campo electromagnético de la cavidad. El estudio de ese sistema se hace en el limite, experimentalmente pertinente, del ratio alto de la amortiguación κ del modo de la cavidad y del acoplo luz–materia arbitrariamente alto. Ese modelo demuestra la equivalencia del acoplo electrón– fotón para un nivel electrónico y el acoplo electrón–fonón que se ha estudiado desde hace mucho tiempo en el campo de la nanoelectrónica bajo el nombre del principio de Franck–Condon. La característica corriente– tensión del circuito hace aparecer una evolución de escalones, cada uno separado por la energía de un fotón. Eso corresponde a una disipación de energía por parte de los electrones al modo de la cavidad durante el proceso de transporte. En ese trabajo se derivó una ecuación para la corriente electrónica que toma en cuenta el efecto de la amortiguación de la cavidad. Esto demuestra que la anchura de los saltos en la corriente está controlada por κ más que por la temperatura. El modelo de un solo nivel muestra también regímenes inesperados de emisión de luz. En el límite de voltaje alto entre los electrodos de la unión molecular, la teoría predice una agrupación («bunching») de los fotones emitidos dentro de la cavidad. La correlación entre dos fotones emitidos alcanza un valor del orden de κ/Γ donde Γ es el ratio de tunelamiento de los electrones. Sin embargo, en el primer umbral de transferencia inelástica esa teoría iv predice una emisión de luz no-clásica provocada por la corriente electrónica. Por fin, el estudio del impacto de una fuerte excitación externa del modo de la cavidad muestra también una cuantización de la corriente relacionada al efecto Franck–Condon. Finalmente, la teoría desarrollada en esta tesis está aplicada también a una unión molecular de dos niveles electrónicos inspirada de la óptica cuántica. En ese escenario el modo de la cavidad está acoplado con la transición electrónica entre dos orbitales moleculares. El efecto de fluctuaciones de carga en cada orbital no se tiene en cuenta. Entonces en ese marco el acoplo es solo dipolar. Se centra la atención principalmente en el régimen del acoplo débil. La corriente electrónica muestra la huella de oscilaciones de Rabi como resultado de la hibridación del modo de la cavidad con la molécula. El transporte de electrones se puede ocurrir mediante estos estados híbridos. Entonces el traslado de un único electrón es responsable de la emisión de un fotón en la cavidad. Se observa el desagrupamiento («anti-bunching») de la luz emitida
Chastanet, Daniel. "Nouvelles sources compactes dans le moyen-infrarouge : Lasers à cascade quantique au-delà de 16 microns et LED électroluminescentes en régime de couplage fort." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS143/document.
Full textThe far infrared (16 µm < λ < 30 µm) is an important area for applications such as detecting wide organic molecules (whose absorption fingerprints falls in this wavelength range) and for radio-astronomy (local oscillator for the heterodyne detection). Unfortunately, the atmospheric transparency window, commonly called the 4th transparency window is almost unexplored.QCL are coherent light sources, covering a range from infrared to THz, based on the engineering of band structures of semiconductors. They have excellent performances in the mid infrared but their effectiveness diminishes in the 4th window and beyond.One aim of this thesis is the development of a new generation of QCL able to cover this spectral region with good performance in terms of output power and maximum operating temperature. A key point in this context is the use of a new material system for these wavelengths: InAs / AlSb. The advantage of this solution is its very small effective mass : 0.023 m0 (compared to 0.043 m0 in the InGaAs wells), which provides a higher gain, resulting in significant performances improvement.Another fundamentally different approach lies in the strong coupling regime. Using an ultra-fast characteristic time associated with Rabi oscillations, can allow the realization of emitting sources with improved quantum efficiency (compared to an bare inter-subband transition). pseudo particles arising from the strong coupling regime in the inter-subband transitions (called polaritons inter-sub-bands) may under certain limits behave as bosons. One then sees the possibility of coherent sources based on the relaxation of a polariton condensate
Cordier, Martin. "Photon-pair generation in hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT024/document.
Full textPhoton pair sources are an essential component of the emerging quantum information technology. Despite ingenious proposals being explored in the recent years based on either second order nonlinear processes in crystals and waveguides or on third order processes in fibers, limitations remain, due to losses and specifically coupling losses in the former case and due to Raman generation in silica, giving rise to a broad spectrum noise in the latter. These limitations have been challenging to lift because of the limited alternative nonlinear materials that fulfil the conditions for the generation of bright and high fidelity photon pairs in integrable photonic structures. In the present project, we develop a new and versatile type of photonic architecture for quantum information applications that offers access to a variety of nonlinear optical materials that are micro-structured in optical fiber forms to generate photon pairs, without the drawback of Raman scattering and with a large design parameter-space. Indeed, with a careful design of the HCPCF along with the appropriate choice of fluid, one can (i) control the dispersion and the transmission to generate photons with the most favourable phase-matching condition over a large spectral range, (ii) adjust the fibre core size and/or shape to enhance nonlinearity or the coupling efficiency with other fibres, (iii) totally suppress the Raman effect in monoatomic gases for instance or have only narrow and separated Raman lines that can thus be easily separated from the useful parametric lines in liquids
Moreau, Virginie. "Etude du confinement optique dans les lasers à cascade quantique et applications à la détection." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350075.
Full textCe travail de thèse présente l'étude et l'optimisation du confinement optique vertical dans des hétérostructures lasers à cascade quantique épitaxiées sans couche de confinement supérieure. Ces structures sont intéressantes puisqu'elles sont adaptées à la fois au guide à plasmons de surface et au guide avec un confinement par air. En menant une étude approfondie de la répartition du mode optique et du courant électrique, nous avons conçu des structures originales qui ouvrent notamment de nouvelles perspectives sur l'utilisation de ces lasers pour la détection de fluides. Nous avons également montré que l'observation par microscopie en champ proche est un outil précieux pour la caractérisation et la compréhension des lasers à cascade quantique. Finalement, nous posons les bases nécessaires à la réalisation de matrices de lasers monomodes, utilisant la technologie des cristaux photoniques.
Mondain, François. "Source intégrée de lumière comprimée aux longueurs d’ondes des télécommunications." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4013.
Full textRecent progress in quantum physics predicts a future revolution in the fields of communication, sensing, computing and simulation which rely on our hability to generate and control quantum states such as entanglement. Discovered more than thirty years ago, squeezed light has rapidly became an important tool for the implementation of quantum technologies, but its use still suffers from a lack of compactness wich limits the growth of quantum photonics realisations. To tackle this issue, we developpe a compact photonic platform to generate and detect squeezed light at telecom wavelengths. It is build upon an association between off the shelf telecom components and integrated optics on lithium niobate (LiNbO3) allowing a compact, and easy reconfigurable setup, without any alignment (plug-and-play). With this original aprroach, we directly measure up to -2dB shot noise reduction for a CW pump power of 40 mW, opening the way to out-of-the lab continuous variable experimentations.In order to fully understand the limits of our experimental setup, we also investigate the photorefractive properties of the LiNbO3, which means his intensity dependant refractive index. This effect could be a great issue in CV experiments, where high pump powers near visible wavelengths are needed. For this reason, we also study precisely the photorefraction in order to optimise the generation and the detection of squeezed light in integrated lithium niobate photonics circuits
Pigeon, Simon. "Fluides Quantiques et Dispositifs à Polaritons." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597945.
Full textBerthel, Martin. "Plasmonique classique et quantique sous pointe optique par microscopie en champ proche." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY001/document.
Full textOn a metal surface, visible light can couple with surface free electrons to form a very interesting quasi-particle, the surface plasmon-polariton. The main property of this object is to be evanescent in the directions perpendicular to the surface. This feature makes the plasmon ideally suited to transport electromagnetic information in two dimensions and on a sub-wavelength scale. If it is excited by a quantum source, it retains this quantum aspect of the signal, even if millions of electrons are involved in its propagation.In this manuscript, I present the experimental and theoretical results obtained during my PhD in surface plasmonics. By combining the use of nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in nanodiamonds, which are single photon emitters, and of a scanning near field optical microscope (SNOM), I was able to study numerous properties of the NV center and surface plasmons, both in the classical and quantum regimes.In particular, I have performed a complete study of the internal photo-dynamics of the NV center in different excitation regimes. Moreover, I have studied the leakage radiation microscopy, a dedicated imaging mode in plasmonics , by highlighting some optical aberrations that can arise in conditions of optical index mismatch. Furthermore, I have ran spatio-temporal correlation measurements on surface plasmons excited by NV centers with a specific experimental system I implemented.Finally, I describe in the manuscript the very first studies of the interaction between plasmons and different elliptical and parabolic cavities milled in the metal. This has led to the measurements of the plasmonic local density of states
Martin, Anthony. "Puces photoniques pour la communication quantique longue distance." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683569.
Full textDestic, Fabien. "Imagerie térahertz utilisant des lasers à cascade quantique : application au contrôle non destructif de matériaux." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0019/document.
Full textQuantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) are "new" THz sources that have enjoyed remarkable progress in terms of power, operating temperature and beam quality. QCLs are used in continuous wave THz imaging setups applied to Non Destructive Testing of materials. A first qualitative application of NDT allows us to highlight defects in the fibers impregnation by resin or damages caused by an impact on composite materials. Transmission and reflection images at 3.8 THz are compared with a NDT ultrasonic technique. A second quantitative application relates to the water concentration in two hydrophobic polymeric materials: polystyrene and polypropylene. Establishing a relationship between the transmittance of the sample and mass water content enables us to draw up a quantified mapping of the latter. These maps are necessary for the understanding of the water diffusion process in polymeric materials
Li, Xiang. "Composants à cristal photonique 2D et 2. 5D contenant des boîtes quantiques GeSi sur silicium pour la nanophotonique proche infrarouge." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112041.
Full textThe work of this thesis was primarily devoted to theoretical and experimental studies in the near infrared of photonic crystal nanostructures. These nanostructures are constituted by a two-dimensional periodic lattice of air holes in a silicon matrix in which an internal source is integrated. We have shown experimentally that it was possible to probe at room temperature the spectral position and the profile of emission of the defect modes of cavity in the near infrared range thanks to the internal luminescence of GeSi/Si self-assembled quantum dots. The analysis of the various loss mechanisms is used to identify the dominant sources of loss existing in the cavities with 2D photonic crystal on silicon and thus to allow carrying out a modal engineering for a better optical confinement. In particular, we have shown by micro-photoluminescence that it was possible to obtain some defect modes with a high quality factor in 2D photonic crystal cavities with embedded GeSi/Si quantum dots on silicon. In parallel, we have demonstrated another possibility of controlling the quality factor for optical modes, which are located at the center of the Brillouin zone, by an approach combining 2D photonic crystal and 1D Bragg mirror. The control of the photon life time is obtained by the adjustment of thicknesses of the superior layers and the choice of the elementary lattice of the 2D photonic crystal. In addition to the results obtained on a square lattice, several ways of optimization were proposed. The experimental results have been quantitatively interpreted thanks to numeric simulations of different types, principally the FDTD method and the plane waves method
Au, Thi Huong. "Optimisation et manipulation d'une source de photons uniques par des structures photoniques 2D et 3D à base de matériau polymère à température ambiante." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN046.
Full textThe thesis has been devoted to study the controlled coupling of a colloidal quantum dot (QD) based single photon source (SPS) into multidimensional polymeric photonic structures by using low-one photon absorption (LOPA) direct laser writing (DLW) technique. The thesis consists of three main parts:The first part addresses the characteristic optimization of the CdSe/CdS based SPS. The excitation wavelength dependence of the QDs was investigated. By using 532 nm, only the core of the QD is excited with the suppression of the Auger effects. Thus, this approach allows for obtaining the suppression of fluorescence intermittency and a stable single-photon emission at ambient conditions. In order to obtain the long-term high fluorescence quality of the QDs, we then studied the influence of the local dielectric medium on the optical properties of the QDs. By incorporating the QDs into a photoresist (SU-8), we demonstrated that the polymeric environment not only enables the long-term preservation of the QD with high photostability but also provides us excellent accessibility to fabricate polymeric structures containing SPS.In the second part, the LOPA-based DLW is employed for the coupling of single QD into various photonic structures. Two devices including submicropillar dielectric antenna and 3D membrane bulleye cavity are theoretically and experimentally investigated to enhance the fluorescence emission of the single QD in terms of far-field angular radiation pattern and the spontaneous radiative emission of the emitter.In the third part, the manipulation of SPS is demonstrated by coupling the single QD into multidimensional magneto-photonic structures. With the aid of an external magnetic field, the controllable movement of the coupled QD was performed in the fluidic environment. The position and orientation of the SPS coupled in the structure were manipulated on demand. The mechanical, magnetic and optical properties of the device are investigated showing the multifunctional capabilities of magneto-photonic structures
THOMAS, Benjamin. "Effets propagatifs d'impulsions lumineuses femtosecondes dans des tunnels optiques." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003643.
Full textLa première partie est consacrée aux opales : empilements réguliers de sphères de silice submicrométriques. Chaque phase de l'élaboration est en revue. Une description théorique des propriétés des cristaux photoniques est faite pour plusieurs structures. On en déduit que les opales n'ont pas de BIP mais une "stop-band" inhibant la transmission des photons dont la bande d'énergies dépend de la direction. Les caractéristiques structurelles, mises en relation avec les propriétés spectrales, sont abordées par des méthodes microscopiques et optiques. Un dispositif de temps de vol a été réalisé pour déterminer les propriétés propagatives d'opales sondées par un continuum en utilisant un fenêtrage temporel par absorption à deux photons dans du ZnS. Après des corrections en fréquence et en temps, on dispose du profil spectral de vitesse de groupe. Celui-ci est expliqué par un modèle basé sur la relation de Kramers-Krönig. Cela permet de décrire la "stop-band" comme un système à "deux niveaux photoniques".
La dernière partie est dédiée à l'étude de la transposition en optique d'un nouvel effet prédit dans les conditions de l'effet tunnel : "l'évaporation quantique". Il se manifeste par l'augmentation drastique de la transmission d'un paquet d'onde. Il se produit en transférant à l'instant de la réflexion une petite quantité de mouvement au paquet d'onde. Un bi-prisme en réflexion totale séparé par une lame d'air est employé pour reproduire les conditions de cet effet. On utilise une technique pompe-sonde qui simule le transfert de moment par effet Kerr. Après analyse des effets en compétition avec l'évaporation quantique, nous observons des signaux qui, une fois traités selon des critères précis, ont les caractéristiques de l'effet recherché. Ceci constitue une présomption de la première observation en optique de ce nouvel effet.
Antoni, Thomas. "Structures de couplage optique originales pour les détecteurs infrarouge à puits quantiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441495.
Full textDufour, Adrien. "Ingénierie d'états quantiques multimodes avec des impulsions femtosecondes." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS237.
Full textThis thesis' purpose is to prepare multimode quantum states with new properties, taking advantage of the frequency combs' capabilities applied to quantum optics. One of those capabilities is their highly multimode nature, which makes us able to generate multimode states, such as the multimode squeezed vacuum generated in our lab with an frequency-comb-pumped OPO. In order to control the way the squeezed vacua spread over the modes of the comb, we performed the spectral pulse shaping of the pump beam. We show that multimode homodyne detection is an essential analysis tool and pave the way for its implementation. With a set of given modes, it is also possible to alter the quantum state itself. Specifically, the Wigner function can be made non-gaussian by a photon subtraction. We applied the multimode photon subtraction and we generated for the first time a multimode photon-subtracted squeezed vacuum with more than 2 modes. We report negativity of the Wigner function. Our photon subtraction scheme is mode selective, which allowed us to subtract in a coherent superposition of modes. We applied it on cluster states (highly entangled multimode states), creating states than exhibit inherent entanglement : entanglement that can not be unknotted by a linear transformation such as a change of basis