Journal articles on the topic 'Photonics'
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1
Shah, Muzamil. "Probing topological quantum phase transitions via photonic spin Hall effects in spin-orbit coupled 2D quantum materials." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 10 (December 6, 2021): 105105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac3c76.
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Abstract Topological photonics is an emerging field in photonics in which various topological and geometrical ideas are used to manipulate and control the behavior of light photons. The interplay between topological matter and the spin degree of freedom of photons provides new opportunities for achieving spin-based photonics applications. In this paper, the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) of reflected light from the surface of the topological silicene quantum systems subjected to external electric and radiation fields in the terahertz regime is theoretically investigated. By tuning the external electric and the applied laser fields, we can drive the silicenic system through different topological quantum phase transitions. We demonstrate that the in-plane and transverse spatial spin dependent shifts exhibit extreme values near Brewster’s angles and away from the optical transition frequencies. We reveal that the photonic spin Hall shifts are sensitive to the spin and valley indices as well as to the number of closed gaps. We believe that the spin and valley-resolved PSHE will greatly impact the research in spinoptics, spintronics, and valleytronics.
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Couto, M., and R. Doria. "Maxwell to Photonics." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 20 (December 11, 2022): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9336.
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The main topic to be addressed is the search for a new source of energy: light. Electromagnetism has been the energy that has most changed civilisation in the last two centuries. The emergence of photonics instead of electronics is a new challenge. Photonics is the clean energy to look for. The 20th century was that of electrons. Several innovations took place through electronics. However, despite these numerous innovations due to the electromagnetic properties of the electron, the 21st century will be that of the photon. The advent of a new generation of innovations arising from the electromagnetic properties of the photon is expected. There is a primordial photon from the light invariance still to be revealed, and a growing photonic market awaiting new properties of the photon. The new perspective lies in discovering electromagnetism where the photon is the own source of electromagnetic fields and self-interacting photons at the tree level are generated. Our proposal is the four bosons electromagnetism[1] . A model based on charge transfer. An enlargement to Maxwell supported upon a general electric charge triad {+,0,-} and an extension to gauge symmetry for a nonlinear abelian gauge theory[2] . Elementary particle physics shows several reactions interchanging positive, negative and zero charges. It yields a physicality considering the charges set {+,0,-} mediated by four gauge bosons. A quadruplet physics manifested by photon, massive photon and charged photons. A new EM energy is to be explored. Introducing new electromagnetic sectors beyond Maxwell as nonlinear EM, neutral EM, spintronics, weak interaction, and photonics. The basis for photonic engineering.
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Fehler, Konstantin G., Anna P. Ovvyan, Lukas Antoniuk, Niklas Lettner, Nico Gruhler, Valery A. Davydov, Viatcheslav N. Agafonov, Wolfram H. P. Pernice, and Alexander Kubanek. "Purcell-enhanced emission from individual SiV− center in nanodiamonds coupled to a Si3N4-based, photonic crystal cavity." Nanophotonics 9, no. 11 (July 10, 2020): 3655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0257.
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AbstractHybrid quantum photonics combines classical photonics with quantum emitters in a postprocessing step. It facilitates to link ideal quantum light sources to optimized photonic platforms. Optical cavities enable to harness the Purcell-effect boosting the device efficiency. Here, we postprocess a free-standing, crossed-waveguide photonic crystal cavity based on Si3N4 with SiV− center in nanodiamonds. We develop a routine that optimizes the overlap with the cavity electric field utilizing atomic force microscope (AFM) nanomanipulation to attain control of spatial and dipole alignment. Temperature tuning further gives access to the spectral emitter-cavity overlap. After a few optimization cycles, we resolve the fine-structure of individual SiV− centers and achieve a Purcell enhancement of more than 4 on individual optical transitions, meaning that four out of five spontaneously emitted photons are channeled into the photonic device. Our work opens up new avenues to construct efficient quantum photonic devices.
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Wada, Kazumi. "A New Approach of Electronics and Photonics Convergence on Si CMOS Platform: How to Reduce Device Diversity of Photonics for Integration." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (July 7, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/807457.
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Integrated photonics via Si CMOS technology has been a strategic area since electronics and photonics convergence should be the next platform for information technology. The platform is recently referred to as “Si photonics” that attracts much interest of researchers in industries as well as academia in the world. The main goal of Si Photonics is currently to reduce material diversity of photonic devices to pursuing CMOS-compatibility. In contrast, the present paper proposes another route of Si Photonics, reducing diversity of photonic devices. The proposed device unifying functionality of photonics is a microresonator with a pin diode structure that enables the Purcell effect and Franz-Keldysh effect to emit and to modulate light from SiGe alloys.
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Golovastikov, N. V., S. P. Dorozhkin, and V. A. Soife. "Intelligent systems based on photonics." Ontology of Designing 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2223-9537-2021-11-4-422-436.
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This paper discusses the prospects of photonics, shows the relevance and applicability of photonics research. The poten-tial of photonics technologies to answer the socio-economic challenges of the digital transformation age is revealed. Opportunities that emerge with the introduction of photonic devices to various technical systems designed for environ-mental protection and quality of life improvement are demonstrated. Concrete photonics structures and devices for such key applications as spectroscopy, analog optical calculations, and optical neural networks are closely examined. Possi-ble applications for photonic sensors and new type spectrometers are outlined, their competitive advantages explored. Various geometries of extra fine compact photonic spectrometers are presented: based on digital planar diagrams, inte-grated into the photonic waveguides, metasurfaces, diffraction gratings with varying parameters. The benefits of analog optical computations against conventional electronic devices are discussed. Various nanophotonic structures designed for differential and integral operators are studied, solutions for edge detection are proposed. The concept for artificial intelligence implementation on the photonics platform using optical neural networks is analyzed. Various solutions are examined: containing sequences of diffraction elements and based on Huygens–Fresnel principle, as well as planar structures comprised of waveguides that interact as Mach–Zehnder interferometer. SPIE estimation of the international photonics market proposes that the peak of interest for this field is yet to be achieved and photonics will claim its place in the future technological landscape.
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Li, Chenlei, Dajian Liu, and Daoxin Dai. "Multimode silicon photonics." Nanophotonics 8, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0161.
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AbstractMultimode silicon photonics is attracting more and more attention because the introduction of higher-order modes makes it possible to increase the channel number for data transmission in mode-division-multiplexed (MDM) systems as well as improve the flexibility of device designs. On the other hand, the design of multimode silicon photonic devices becomes very different compared with the traditional case with the fundamental mode only. Since not only the fundamental mode but also the higher-order modes are involved, one of the most important things for multimode silicon photonics is the realization of effective mode manipulation, which is not difficult, fortunately because the mode dispersion in multimode silicon optical waveguide is very strong. Great progresses have been achieved on multimode silicon photonics in the past years. In this paper, a review of the recent progresses of the representative multimode silicon photonic devices and circuits is given. The first part reviews multimode silicon photonics for MDM systems, including on-chip multichannel mode (de)multiplexers, multimode waveguide bends, multimode waveguide crossings, reconfigurable multimode silicon photonic integrated circuits, multimode chip-fiber couplers, etc. In the second part, we give a discussion about the higher-order mode-assisted silicon photonic devices, including on-chip polarization-handling devices with higher-order modes, add-drop optical filters based on multimode Bragg gratings, and some emerging applications.
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Ji, Zitao, Jianfeng Chen, and Zhi-Yuan Li. "Perspective: Antichiral magnetic topological photonics." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 14 (April 14, 2023): 140901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144864.
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Topological photonics has recently opened up a promising frontier for electromagnetic wave and light manipulation and has made great progress from unique physical concepts to novel practical photonic devices. Numerous works have discussed the realizations of chiral topological photonic states in magnetic photonic crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry; however, limited reports have been discussed to the achievements of antichiral topological photonic states. In this Perspective, we review recent progress in antichiral topological photonic states in magnetic photonic systems for the basic concepts, properties, and applications. Additionally, we provide an outlook for emerging frontier topics, promising opportunities, fundamental challenges, and potential applications for antichiral magnetic topological photonics.
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Zhang, Chuang, Chang-Ling Zou, Yan Zhao, Chun-Hua Dong, Cong Wei, Hanlin Wang, Yunqi Liu, Guang-Can Guo, Jiannian Yao, and Yong Sheng Zhao. "Organic printed photonics: From microring lasers to integrated circuits." Science Advances 1, no. 8 (September 2015): e1500257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500257.
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A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is the optical analogy of an electronic loop in which photons are signal carriers with high transport speed and parallel processing capability. Besides the most frequently demonstrated silicon-based circuits, PICs require a variety of materials for light generation, processing, modulation, and detection. With their diversity and flexibility, organic molecular materials provide an alternative platform for photonics; however, the versatile fabrication of organic integrated circuits with the desired photonic performance remains a big challenge. The rapid development of flexible electronics has shown that a solution printing technique has considerable potential for the large-scale fabrication and integration of microsized/nanosized devices. We propose the idea of soft photonics and demonstrate the function-directed fabrication of high-quality organic photonic devices and circuits. We prepared size-tunable and reproducible polymer microring resonators on a wafer-scale transparent and flexible chip using a solution printing technique. The printed optical resonator showed a quality (Q) factor higher than 4 × 105, which is comparable to that of silicon-based resonators. The high material compatibility of this printed photonic chip enabled us to realize low-threshold microlasers by doping organic functional molecules into a typical photonic device. On an identical chip, this construction strategy allowed us to design a complex assembly of one-dimensional waveguide and resonator components for light signal filtering and optical storage toward the large-scale on-chip integration of microscopic photonic units. Thus, we have developed a scheme for soft photonic integration that may motivate further studies on organic photonic materials and devices.
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Hey, Daniel, and Enbang Li. "Advances in synthetic gauge fields for light through dynamic modulation." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 4 (April 2018): 172447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172447.
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Photons are weak particles that do not directly couple to magnetic fields. However, it is possible to generate a photonic gauge field by breaking reciprocity such that the phase of light depends on its direction of propagation. This non-reciprocal phase indicates the presence of an effective magnetic field for the light itself. By suitable tailoring of this phase, it is possible to demonstrate quantum effects typically associated with electrons, and, as has been recently shown, non-trivial topological properties of light. This paper reviews dynamic modulation as a process for breaking the time-reversal symmetry of light and generating a synthetic gauge field, and discusses its role in topological photonics, as well as recent developments in exploring topological photonics in higher dimensions.
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Rutkowska, Katarzyna Agnieszka, and Mirosław Karpierz. "Teaching Photonics." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i3.771.
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There is a need to teach modern photonics as a tool for technology of the 21st century. Apart from the studies in Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics at the Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) offers a program in English which leads to the M.Sc. degree in Photonics. The two-year graduate program in the area of Photonics provides students a unique opportunity to become familiar with the applications of light in fields that range from fundamental research to technological applications. The aim of this Master?s Program is to form engineers and scientists with solid basic knowledge in the field of photonics and with the skills to apply this knowledge to the design, realization and the management of photonic systems for a broad range of application domains.
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Sharma, Sunil, and Lokesh Tharani. "Photonics for AI and AI for photonics integration : Materials and characteristics." Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 45, no. 3 (2024): 805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47974/jios-1579.
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Photonics and artificial intelligence (AI) are two rapidly advancing fields that have the potential to revolutionize various technological domains. This paper explores the convergence of photonics and AI, focusing on the integration of photonics for AI applications and the utilization of AI techniques for advancing photonics technology. Paper explores the materials used in photonics for AI systems, highlighting their unique characteristics and advantages. Additionally, examine how AI methodologies such as machine learning and neural networks are applied in optimizing photonics systems, enhancing their sensitivity performance and enabling novel functionalities. Through this exploration, results obtained provide sensitivity analysis and refractive index calculation of twin core photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The synergistic relationship between photonics and AI and its potential implications for advancing information and optimization sciences is also presented.
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Zhou, Yi, Lin Wang, Yifan Liu, Yuan Yu, and Xinliang Zhang. "Microwave Photonic Filters and Applications." Photonics 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2023): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10101110.
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Microwave photonics is a promising and rapidly developing interdisciplinary field. It combines microwave and photonic techniques to generate, transmit, process, and manipulate microwave signals by using the advantages of broadband, high frequency, and low loss provided by photonics. As an important branch of microwave photonics, the microwave photonic filter (MPF) can overcome the limitations set by traditional electronic technology and can realize advanced signal processing in modern communication systems due to its higher performance, selectivity, and flexibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MPFs, including fundamental principles, typical structures, and key applications. Additionally, the microwave photonic integration is a very important tendence because of its advantages of small size, light weight, low power consumption, and low cost. The recent advances in integrated MPF are also reviewed.
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Xie, Jingya, Wangcheng Ye, Linjie Zhou, Xuguang Guo, Xiaofei Zang, Lin Chen, and Yiming Zhu. "A Review on Terahertz Technologies Accelerated by Silicon Photonics." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071646.
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In the last couple of decades, terahertz (THz) technologies, which lie in the frequency gap between the infrared and microwaves, have been greatly enhanced and investigated due to possible opportunities in a plethora of THz applications, such as imaging, security, and wireless communications. Photonics has led the way to the generation, modulation, and detection of THz waves such as the photomixing technique. In tandem with these investigations, researchers have been exploring ways to use silicon photonics technologies for THz applications to leverage the cost-effective large-scale fabrication and integration opportunities that it would enable. Although silicon photonics has enabled the implementation of a large number of optical components for practical use, for THz integrated systems, we still face several challenges associated with high-quality hybrid silicon lasers, conversion efficiency, device integration, and fabrication. This paper provides an overview of recent progress in THz technologies based on silicon photonics or hybrid silicon photonics, including THz generation, detection, phase modulation, intensity modulation, and passive components. As silicon-based electronic and photonic circuits are further approaching THz frequencies, one single chip with electronics, photonics, and THz functions seems inevitable, resulting in the ultimate dream of a THz electronic–photonic integrated circuit.
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Lin, Hongtao, Zhengqian Luo, Tian Gu, Lionel C. Kimerling, Kazumi Wada, Anu Agarwal, and Juejun Hu. "Mid-infrared integrated photonics on silicon: a perspective." Nanophotonics 7, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 393–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0085.
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AbstractThe emergence of silicon photonics over the past two decades has established silicon as a preferred substrate platform for photonic integration. While most silicon-based photonic components have so far been realized in the near-infrared (near-IR) telecommunication bands, the mid-infrared (mid-IR, 2–20-μm wavelength) band presents a significant growth opportunity for integrated photonics. In this review, we offer our perspective on the burgeoning field of mid-IR integrated photonics on silicon. A comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art of key photonic devices such as waveguides, light sources, modulators, and detectors is presented. Furthermore, on-chip spectroscopic chemical sensing is quantitatively analyzed as an example of mid-IR photonic system integration based on these basic building blocks, and the constituent component choices are discussed and contrasted in the context of system performance and integration technologies.
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Ferreira de Lima, Thomas, Bhavin J. Shastri, Alexander N. Tait, Mitchell A. Nahmias, and Paul R. Prucnal. "Progress in neuromorphic photonics." Nanophotonics 6, no. 3 (March 11, 2017): 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0139.
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AbstractAs society’s appetite for information continues to grow, so does our need to process this information with increasing speed and versatility. Many believe that the one-size-fits-all solution of digital electronics is becoming a limiting factor in certain areas such as data links, cognitive radio, and ultrafast control. Analog photonic devices have found relatively simple signal processing niches where electronics can no longer provide sufficient speed and reconfigurability. Recently, the landscape for commercially manufacturable photonic chips has been changing rapidly and now promises to achieve economies of scale previously enjoyed solely by microelectronics. By bridging the mathematical prowess of artificial neural networks to the underlying physics of optoelectronic devices, neuromorphic photonics could breach new domains of information processing demanding significant complexity, low cost, and unmatched speed. In this article, we review the progress in neuromorphic photonics, focusing on photonic integrated devices. The challenges and design rules for optoelectronic instantiation of artificial neurons are presented. The proposed photonic architecture revolves around the processing network node composed of two parts: a nonlinear element and a network interface. We then survey excitable lasers in the recent literature as candidates for the nonlinear node and microring-resonator weight banks as the network interface. Finally, we compare metrics between neuromorphic electronics and neuromorphic photonics and discuss potential applications.
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Wu, Xiaozhong, and Qinglei Guo. "Bioresorbable Photonics: Materials, Devices and Applications." Photonics 8, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070235.
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Bio-photonic devices that utilize the interaction between light and biological substances have been emerging as an important tool for clinical diagnosis and/or therapy. At the same time, implanted biodegradable photonic devices can be disintegrated and resorbed after a predefined operational period, thus avoiding the risk and cost associated with the secondary surgical extraction. In this paper, the recent progress on biodegradable photonics is reviewed, with a focus on material strategies, device architectures and their biomedical applications. We begin with a brief introduction of biodegradable photonics, followed by the material strategies for constructing biodegradable photonic devices. Then, various types of biodegradable photonic devices with different functionalities are described. After that, several demonstration examples for applications in intracranial pressure monitoring, biochemical sensing and drug delivery are presented, revealing the great potential of biodegradable photonics in the monitoring of human health status and the treatment of human diseases. We then conclude with the summary of this field, as well as current challenges and possible future directions.
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Romaniuk, Ryszard S. "Space and High Energy Experiments Advanced Electronic Systems 2012." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-012-0060-0.
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Abstract This paper is a research survey of the WILGA Symposium work. It presents a digest of technical effort results shown by young researchers from different universities during the Jubilee XXXth SPIE-IEEE-Photonics Society of Poland Wilga 2012 symposium on Photonics and Internet Engineering. Topical tracks of the symposium embraced: nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for photonics, sensory and nonlinear optical fibers, object oriented design of hardware, photonic metrology, optoelectronics and photonics applications, photonics-electronics co-design, optoelectronic and electronic systems for astronomy and high energy physics experiments, JET tokamak and pi-ofthe sky experiments development. The symposium is an annual summary in the development of numerable Ph.D. theses carried out in this country in the area of advanced electronic and photonic systems. It is also a great occasion for SPIE, IEEE, OSA and PSP students to meet together in a large group spanning the whole country with guests from this part of Europe. A digest of Wilga references is presented [1]-[60]. This paper is the first part of the digest focused on astronomy, space, astroparticle physics, accelerators, and high energy physics experiments.
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Vatarescu, Andre. "Instantaneous Quantum Description of Photonic Wavefronts and Applications." Quantum Beam Science 6, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs6040029.
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Three physical elements are missing from the conventional formalism of quantum photonics: (1) the quantum Rayleigh spontaneous and stimulated emissions; (2) the unavoidable parametric amplification; and (3) the mixed time-frequency spectral structure of a photonic field which specifies its duration or spatial extent. As a single photon enters a dielectric medium, the quantum Rayleigh scattering prevents it from propagating in a straight-line, thereby destroying any possible entanglement. A pure dynamic and coherent state composed of two consecutive number states, delivers the correct expectation values for the number of photons carried by a photonic wave front, its complex optical field, and phase quadratures. The intrinsic longitudinal and lateral field profiles associated with a group of photons for any instantaneous number of photons are independent of the source. These photonic properties enable a step-by-step analysis of the correlation functions characterizing counting of coincident numbers of photons or intensities with unity visibility interference, spanning the classical and quantum optic regimes.
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Nikitskiy, Ivan. "Advancements in hybrid photonics integration." PhotonicsViews 21, no. 1 (January 16, 2024): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phvs.202400004.
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AbstractThis article examines the latest developments in hybrid photonics integration, with a focus on the European ecosystem. It discusses the transition from low‐cost prototyping of photonic integrated circuits to the pilot line production of photonic chips.
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Alagappan, Gandhi, Jun Rong Ong, Zaifeng Yang, Thomas Yong Long Ang, Weijiang Zhao, Yang Jiang, Wenzu Zhang, and Ching Eng Png. "Leveraging AI in Photonics and Beyond." Photonics 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9020075.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been spreading in most scientific areas and have become a heated focus in photonics research in recent years. Forward modeling and inverse design using AI can achieve high efficiency and accuracy for photonics components. With AI-assisted electronic circuit design for photonics components, more advanced photonics applications have emerged. Photonics benefit a great deal from AI, and AI, in turn, benefits from photonics by carrying out AI algorithms, such as complicated deep neural networks using photonics components that use photons rather than electrons. Beyond the photonics domain, other related research areas or topics governed by Maxwell’s equations share remarkable similarities in using the help of AI. The studies in computational electromagnetics, the design of microwave devices, as well as their various applications greatly benefit from AI. This article reviews leveraging AI in photonics modeling, simulation, and inverse design; leveraging photonics computing for implementing AI algorithms; and leveraging AI beyond photonics topics, such as microwaves and quantum-related topics.
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Meskine, Othmane, Félicien Appas, Aristide Lemaître, José Palomo, Florent Baboux, Maria I. Amanti, and Sara Ducci. "Broadband Biphoton Generation and Polarization Splitting in a Monolithic AlGaAs Chip." EPJ Web of Conferences 287 (2023): 06015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328706015.
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Integrated quantum photonics is a key tool towards large scale quantum technologies. In this work we present an AlGaAs-based photonic circuit for the on-chip generation of broadband orthogonally polarized photons and the deterministic separation of the photons into separate spatial modes, facilitating their further use in protocols. We demonstrate that 85% of the pairs are deterministically separated by the chip over a full 60 nm bandwidth and we assess the chip operation in the quantum regime via a Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment displaying a raw visibility of 75.5% over the same full bandwidth.
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Li, Liwei, Xiaoke Yi, Shijie Song, Suen Xin Chew, Robert Minasian, and Linh Nguyen. "Microwave Photonic Signal Processing and Sensing Based on Optical Filtering." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010163.
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Microwave photonics, based on optical filtering techniques, are attractive for wideband signal processing and high-performance sensing applications, since it brings significant benefits to the fields by overcoming inherent limitations in electronic approaches and by providing immunity to electromagnetic interference. Recent developments in optical filtering based microwave photonics techniques are presented in this paper. We present single sideband modulation schemes to eliminate dispersion induced power fading in microwave optical links and to provide high-resolution spectral characterization functions, single passband microwave photonic filters to address the challenges of eliminating the spectral periodicity in microwave photonic signal processors, and review the approaches for high-performance sensing through implementing microwave photonics filters or optoelectronic oscillators to enhance measurement resolution.
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Chigrinov, Vladimir, Jiatong Sun, and Xiaoqian Wang. "Photoaligning and Photopatterning: New LC Technology." Crystals 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040323.
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We demonstrate a physical model of photoalignment and photopatterning based on rotational diffusion in solid azo-dye nanolayers. We also highlight the new applications of photoalignment and photopatterning in display and photonics such as: (i) liquid crystal (LC) E-paper devices, including optically rewritable LC E-paper on flexible substrates as 3D E-paper, as well as optically rewritable technology for photonics devices; (ii) photonics LC devices, such as LC Switches, polarization controllers and polarization rotators, variable optical attenuators, LC filled photonic crystal fiber, switchable diffraction grating; (iii) patterned micro-polarizer array using photo-alignment technology for image sensor; (iv) electrically tunable liquid crystal q-plates; (v) electrically switchable liquid crystal Fresnel lens; (vi) liquid crystal optical elements with integrated Pancharatnam-Berry phases. We are sure, that in the field of (LC), the main point is no longer display research, but new photonic applications of LC are emerging in telecommunication, fiber optical communication systems, sensors, switchable lenses, LC light converters and other LC photonics devices.
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Li, Jiang, Chaoyue Liu, Haitao Chen, Jingshu Guo, Ming Zhang, and Daoxin Dai. "Hybrid silicon photonic devices with two-dimensional materials." Nanophotonics 9, no. 8 (May 14, 2020): 2295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0093.
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AbstractSilicon photonics is becoming more and more attractive in the applications of optical interconnections, optical computing, and optical sensing. Although various silicon photonic devices have been developed rapidly, it is still not easy to realize active photonic devices and circuits with silicon alone due to the intrinsic limitations of silicon. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attentions due to their unique properties in electronics and photonics. 2D materials can be easily transferred onto silicon and thus provide a promising approach for realizing active photonic devices on silicon. In this paper, we give a review on recent progresses towards hybrid silicon photonics devices with 2D materials, including two parts. One is silicon-based photodetectors with 2D materials for the wavelength-bands from ultraviolet (UV) to mid-infrared (MIR). The other is silicon photonic switches/modulators with 2D materials, including high-speed electro-optical modulators, high-efficiency thermal-optical switches and low-threshold all-optical modulators, etc. These hybrid silicon photonic devices with 2D materials devices provide an alternative way for the realization of multifunctional silicon photonic integrated circuits in the future.
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Ota, Yasutomo, Kenta Takata, Tomoki Ozawa, Alberto Amo, Zhetao Jia, Boubacar Kante, Masaya Notomi, Yasuhiko Arakawa, and Satoshi Iwamoto. "Active topological photonics." Nanophotonics 9, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 547–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0376.
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AbstractTopological photonics emerged as a novel route to engineer the flow of light. Topologically protected photonic edge modes, which are supported at the perimeters of topologically nontrivial insulating bulk structures, are of particular interest as they may enable low-loss optical waveguides immune to structural disorder. Very recently, there has been a sharp rise of interest in introducing gain materials into such topological photonic structures, primarily aiming at revolutionizing semiconductor lasers with the aid of physical mechanisms existing in topological physics. Examples of remarkable realizations are topological lasers with unidirectional light output under time-reversal symmetry breaking and topologically protected polariton and micro/nanocavity lasers. Moreover, the introduction of gain and loss provides a fascinating playground to explore novel topological phases, which are in close relevance to non-Hermitian and parity-time symmetric quantum physics and are, in general, difficult to access using fermionic condensed matter systems. Here, we review the cutting-edge research on active topological photonics, in which optical gain plays a pivotal role. We discuss recent realizations of topological lasers of various kinds, together with the underlying physics explaining the emergence of topological edge modes. In such demonstrations, the optical modes of the topological lasers are determined by the dielectric structures and support lasing oscillation with the help of optical gain. We also address recent research on topological photonic systems in which gain and loss, themselves, essentially influence topological properties of the bulk systems. We believe that active topological photonics provides powerful means to advance micro/nanophotonics systems for diverse applications and topological physics, itself, as well.
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Matveev, V. I. "PHOTONICS-2023." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 299 (May 2023): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2023.05.pp.062-069.
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The article provides a summary of the international exhibition PHOTONICS-2023 and examples of modern product developments in this area. The main practical results of the introduction of new equipment and technologies by wellknown companies – direct participants of the exhibition are described. The main areas of use of photonic technology: industry, agriculture, medicine, scientific research.
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Hsu, Chung-Yu, Gow-Zin Yiu, and You-Chia Chang. "Free-Space Applications of Silicon Photonics: A Review." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13070990.
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Silicon photonics has recently expanded its applications to delivering free-space emissions for detecting or manipulating external objects. The most notable example is the silicon optical phased array, which can steer a free-space beam to achieve a chip-scale solid-state LiDAR. Other examples include free-space optical communication, quantum photonics, imaging systems, and optogenetic probes. In contrast to the conventional optical system consisting of bulk optics, silicon photonics miniaturizes an optical system into a photonic chip with many functional waveguiding components. By leveraging the mature and monolithic CMOS process, silicon photonics enables high-volume production, scalability, reconfigurability, and parallelism. In this paper, we review the recent advances in beam steering technologies based on silicon photonics, including optical phased arrays, focal plane arrays, and dispersive grating diffraction. Various beam-shaping technologies for generating collimated, focused, Bessel, and vortex beams are also discussed. We conclude with an outlook of the promises and challenges for the free-space applications of silicon photonics.
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Wang, Hongfei, Xiujuan Zhang, Jinguo Hua, Dangyuan Lei, Minghui Lu, and Yanfeng Chen. "Topological physics of non-Hermitian optics and photonics: a review." Journal of Optics 23, no. 12 (October 25, 2021): 123001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac2e15.
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Abstract The notion of non-Hermitian optics and photonics rooted in quantum mechanics and photonic systems has recently attracted considerable attention ushering in tremendous progress on theoretical foundations and photonic applications, benefiting from the flexibility of photonic platforms. In this review, we first introduce the non-Hermitian topological physics from the symmetry of matrices and complex energy spectra to the characteristics of Jordan normal forms, exceptional points, biorthogonal eigenvectors, Bloch/non-Bloch band theories, topological invariants and topological classifications. We further review diverse non-Hermitian system branches ranging from classical optics, quantum photonics to disordered systems, nonlinear dynamics and optomechanics according to various physical equivalences and experimental implementations. In particular, we include cold atoms in optical lattices in quantum photonics due to their operability at quantum regimes. Finally, we summarize recent progress and limitations in this emerging field, giving an outlook on possible future research directions in theoretical frameworks and engineering aspects.
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Matsuda, Nobuyuki, and Hiroki Takesue. "Generation and manipulation of entangled photons on silicon chips." Nanophotonics 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 440–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0148.
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AbstractIntegrated quantum photonics is now seen as one of the promising approaches to realize scalable quantum information systems. With optical waveguides based on silicon photonics technologies, we can realize quantum optical circuits with a higher degree of integration than with silica waveguides. In addition, thanks to the large nonlinearity observed in silicon nanophotonic waveguides, we can implement active components such as entangled photon sources on a chip. In this paper, we report recent progress in integrated quantum photonic circuits based on silicon photonics. We review our work on correlated and entangled photon-pair sources on silicon chips, using nanoscale silicon waveguides and silicon photonic crystal waveguides. We also describe an on-chip quantum buffer realized using the slow-light effect in a silicon photonic crystal waveguide. As an approach to combine the merits of different waveguide platforms, a hybrid quantum circuit that integrates a silicon-based photon-pair source and a silica-based arrayed waveguide grating is also presented.
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Yuan, Yuan, Bassem Tossoun, Zhihong Huang, Xiaoge Zeng, Geza Kurczveil, Marco Fiorentino, Di Liang, and Raymond G. Beausoleil. "Avalanche photodiodes on silicon photonics." Journal of Semiconductors 43, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 021301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/43/2/021301.
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Abstract Silicon photonics technology has drawn significant interest due to its potential for compact and high-performance photonic integrated circuits. The Ge- or III–V material-based avalanche photodiodes integrated on silicon photonics provide ideal high sensitivity optical receivers for telecommunication wavelengths. Herein, the last advances of monolithic and heterogeneous avalanche photodiodes on silicon are reviewed, including different device structures and semiconductor systems.
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Yan, Siqi, Jeremy Adcock, and Yunhong Ding. "Graphene on Silicon Photonics: Light Modulation and Detection for Cutting-Edge Communication Technologies." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010313.
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Graphene—a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon in a single-layer honeycomb lattice nanostructure—has several distinctive optoelectronic properties that are highly desirable in advanced optical communication systems. Meanwhile, silicon photonics is a promising solution for the next-generation integrated photonics, owing to its low cost, low propagation loss and compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes. Unfortunately, silicon’s photodetection responsivity and operation bandwidth are intrinsically limited by its material characteristics. Graphene, with its extraordinary optoelectronic properties has been widely applied in silicon photonics to break this performance bottleneck, with significant progress reported. In this review, we focus on the application of graphene in high-performance silicon photonic devices, including modulators and photodetectors. Moreover, we explore the trend of development and discuss the future challenges of silicon-graphene hybrid photonic devices.
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Xu, Bo, Yuhao Huang, Yuetong Fang, Zhongrui Wang, Shaoliang Yu, and Renjing Xu. "Recent Progress of Neuromorphic Computing Based on Silicon Photonics: Electronic–Photonic Co-Design, Device, and Architecture." Photonics 9, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100698.
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The rapid development of neural networks has led to tremendous applications in image segmentation, speech recognition, and medical image diagnosis, etc. Among various hardware implementations of neural networks, silicon photonics is considered one of the most promising approaches due to its CMOS compatibility, accessible integration platforms, mature fabrication techniques, and abundant optical components. In addition, neuromorphic computing based on silicon photonics can provide massively parallel processing and high-speed operations with low power consumption, thus enabling further exploration of neural networks. Here, we focused on the development of neuromorphic computing based on silicon photonics, introducing this field from the perspective of electronic–photonic co-design and presenting the architecture and algorithm theory. Finally, we discussed the prospects and challenges of neuromorphic silicon photonics.
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Kutluyarov, Ruslan V., Aida G. Zakoyan, Grigory S. Voronkov, Elizaveta P. Grakhova, and Muhammad A. Butt. "Neuromorphic Photonics Circuits: Contemporary Review." Nanomaterials 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2023): 3139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13243139.
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Neuromorphic photonics is a cutting-edge fusion of neuroscience-inspired computing and photonics technology to overcome the constraints of conventional computing architectures. Its significance lies in the potential to transform information processing by mimicking the parallelism and efficiency of the human brain. Using optics and photonics principles, neuromorphic devices can execute intricate computations swiftly and with impressive energy efficiency. This innovation holds promise for advancing artificial intelligence and machine learning while addressing the limitations of traditional silicon-based computing. Neuromorphic photonics could herald a new era of computing that is more potent and draws inspiration from cognitive processes, leading to advancements in robotics, pattern recognition, and advanced data processing. This paper reviews the recent developments in neuromorphic photonic integrated circuits, applications, and current challenges.
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Gonçalves, R. R., A. Lukowiak, D. Ristic, B. Boulard, A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, D. Dorosz, M. Marciniak, G. C. Righini, and M. Ferrari. "Red photonic glasses and confined structures." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0071.
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Abstract We present some recent results obtained by our team in rare earth doped photonic glasses and confined structures, in order to give some highlights regarding the state of art in glass photonics. To evidence the unique properties of transparent glass ceramics we compare spectroscopic and structural properties between the parent glass and the glass ceramics. Starting from planar waveguides we move to spherical microresonators, a very interesting class of photonic confined structures. We also conclude the short review with some remarks about the perspective for glass photonics.
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Maram, Reza, Saket Kaushal, José Azaña, and Lawrence Chen. "Recent Trends and Advances of Silicon-Based Integrated Microwave Photonics." Photonics 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6010013.
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Multitude applications of photonic devices and technologies for the generation and manipulation of arbitrary and random microwave waveforms, at unprecedented processing speeds, have been proposed in the literature over the past three decades. This class of photonic applications for microwave engineering is known as microwave photonics (MWP). The vast capabilities of MWP have allowed the realization of key functionalities which are either highly complex or simply not possible in the microwave domain alone. Recently, this growing field has adopted the integrated photonics technologies to develop microwave photonic systems with enhanced robustness as well as with a significant reduction of size, cost, weight, and power consumption. In particular, silicon photonics technology is of great interest for this aim as it offers outstanding possibilities for integration of highly-complex active and passive photonic devices, permitting monolithic integration of MWP with high-speed silicon electronics. In this article, we present a review of recent work on MWP functions developed on the silicon platform. We particularly focus on newly reported designs for signal modulation, arbitrary waveform generation, filtering, true-time delay, phase shifting, beam steering, and frequency measurement.
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Dong, Po, Young-Kai Chen, Guang-Hua Duan, and David T. Neilson. "Silicon photonic devices and integrated circuits." Nanophotonics 3, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2014): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0023.
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AbstractSilicon photonic devices and integrated circuits have undergone rapid and significant progresses during the last decade, transitioning from research topics in universities to product development in corporations. Silicon photonics is anticipated to be a disruptive optical technology for data communications, with applications such as intra-chip interconnects, short-reach communications in datacenters and supercomputers, and long-haul optical transmissions. Bell Labs, as the research organization of Alcatel-Lucent, a network system vendor, has an optimal position to identify the full potential of silicon photonics both in the applications and in its technical merits. Additionally it has demonstrated novel and improved high-performance optical devices, and implemented multi-function photonic integrated circuits to fulfill various communication applications. In this paper, we review our silicon photonic programs and main achievements during recent years. For devices, we review high-performance single-drive push-pull silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators, hybrid silicon/III-V lasers and silicon nitride-assisted polarization rotators. For photonic circuits, we review silicon/silicon nitride integration platforms to implement wavelength-division multiplexing receivers and transmitters. In addition, we show silicon photonic circuits are well suited for dual-polarization optical coherent transmitters and receivers, geared for advanced modulation formats. We also discuss various applications in the field of communication which may benefit from implementation in silicon photonics.
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Gasulla, Ivana, and Mable P. Fok. "Special Issue “Microwave Photonics 2018”." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020674.
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Bringing together the worlds of radiofrequency and optics engineering, the interdisciplinary field of microwave photonics (MWP) pursues the generation, processing, and distribution of microwave and millimeter-wave signals by photonic means [...]
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Jiaqian Yang, Jiaqian Yang, Shangyuan Li Shangyuan Li, Xuedi Xiao Xuedi Xiao, Dexin Wu Dexin Wu, Xiaoxiao Xue Xiaoxiao Xue, and Xiaoping Zheng Xiaoping Zheng. "Broadband photonic ADC for microwave photonics-based radar receiver." Chinese Optics Letters 16, no. 6 (2018): 060605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201816.060605.
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Chan, C. T. "Photonic crystals and topological photonics." Frontiers of Optoelectronics 13, no. 1 (March 2020): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12200-020-1022-2.
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Yi, Ailun, Chengli Wang, Liping Zhou, Yifan Zhu, Shibin Zhang, Tiangui You, Jiaxiang Zhang, and Xin Ou. "Silicon carbide for integrated photonics." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 3 (September 2022): 031302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079649.
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Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on lithographically patterned waveguides provide a scalable approach for manipulating photonic bits, enabling seminal demonstrations of a wide range of photonic technologies with desired complexity and stability. While the next generation of applications such as ultra-high speed optical transceivers, neuromorphic computing and terabit-scale communications demand further lower power consumption and higher operating frequency. Complementing the leading silicon-based material platforms, the third-generation semiconductor, silicon carbide (SiC), offers a significant opportunity toward the advanced development of PICs in terms of its broadest range of functionalities, including wide bandgap, high optical nonlinearities, high refractive index, controllable artificial spin defects and complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible fabrication process. The superior properties of SiC have enabled a plethora of nano-photonic explorations, such as waveguides, micro-cavities, nonlinear frequency converters and optically-active spin defects. This remarkable progress has prompted the rapid development of advanced SiC PICs for both classical and quantum applications. Here, we provide an overview of SiC-based integrated photonics, presenting the latest progress on investigating its basic optoelectronic properties, as well as the recent developments in the fabrication of several typical approaches for light confinement structures that form the basic building blocks for low-loss, multi-functional and industry-compatible integrated photonic platform. Moreover, recent works employing SiC as optically-readable spin hosts for quantum information applications are also summarized and highlighted. As a still-developing integrated photonic platform, prospects and challenges of utilizing SiC material platforms in the field of integrated photonics are also discussed.
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Lin, Shawn-Yu, J. G. Fleming, and E. Chow. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Built with VLSI Tools." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.157.
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The drive toward miniature photonic devices has been hindered by our inability to tightly control and manipulate light. Moreover, photonics technologies are typically not based on silicon and, until recently, only indirectly benefited from the rapid advances being made in silicon processing technology. In the first part of this article, the successful fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals using silicon processing will be discussed. This advance has been made possible through the use of integrated-circuit (IC) fabrication technologies (e.g., very largescale integration, VLSI) and may enable the penetration of Si processing into photonics. In the second part, we describe the creation of 2D photonic-crystal slabs operating at the λ = 1.55 μm communications wavelength. This class of 2D photonic crystals is particularly promising for planar on-chip guiding, trapping, and switching of light.
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Romaniuk, Ryszard S. "Wilga 2019 – Photonics Applications." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.900.
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Wilga Symposium on Photonics Applications [1] has been serving the national and international communities of young researchers since nearly a quarter of the century. Ph.D. students, active in photonics research and technology, optoelectronics, optical engineering, and associated fields like electronics, materials engineering, mechatronics, and ITC present successive developments of their work. The subjects embrace optical fiber technology, optical communications, sensors, light sources and lighting, research and industrial applications. Since its beginning Wilga has gathered more than 5000 presentations by Ph.D. students, out of which around 3000 were published internationally in the Proceedings of SPIE [2-5]. The paper digests concisely some of the achievements of Wilga2019 [6] on occasion of the 10th Anniversary of the Photonics Letters of Poland. Wilga Symposium on Photonics Applications is a very important pillar of the PSP Society focusing strongly its interest on young photonics researchers. Full Text: PDF ReferencesWILGA Symposium on Photonics Applications web page: [wilga.ise.pw.edu.pl] DirectLink R.S. Romaniuk, K.T. Pozniak, "HOST: hybrid optoelectronic versatile telemetric system for local community", Proc. SPIE 5125 (2002). CrossRef R.S. Romaniuk, "Optical fibers and photonics applications: topical tracks at Wilga conferences", Proc. SPIE 8698, 86980S (2012). CrossRef R.S. Romaniuk, "Photonics Applications and Web Engineering: WILGA 2018", Proc. SPIE 10808, 1080802 (2018). CrossRef R.S. Romaniuk, "Advanced Photonic and Electronic Systems WILGA 2018", Int. Journ. on Electronics and Telecommunications, IJET 64, 3 (2018). CrossRef R.S. Romaniuk, M. Linczuk, "Offsetting, relations, and blending with perturbation functions", Photonics applications in astronomy, communications, industry and high energy physics experiments, Proc. SPIE 11176 (2019). CrossRef
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Kazanskiy, Nikolay L., Svetlana N. Khonina, and Muhammad A. Butt. "Advancement in Silicon Integrated Photonics Technologies for Sensing Applications in Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Region: A Review." Photonics 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050331.
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Exploration and implementation of silicon (Si) photonics has surged in recent years since both photonic component performance and photonic integration complexity have considerably improved. It supports a wide range of datacom and telecom applications, as well as sensors, including light detection and ranging, gyroscopes, biosensors, and spectrometers. The advantages of low-loss Si WGs with compact size and excellent uniformity, resulting from the high quality and maturity of the Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) environment, are major drivers for using Si in photonics. Moreover, it has a high refractive index and a reasonably large mid-infrared (MIR) transparency window, up to roughly 7 μm wavelength, making it beneficial as a passive mid-IR optical material. Several gases and compounds with high absorption properties in the MIR spectral region are of prodigious curiosity for industrial, medicinal, and environmental applications. In comparison to current bulky systems, the implementation of Si photonics devices in this wavelength range might allow inexpensive and small optical sensing devices with greater sensitivity (S), power usage, and mobility. In this review, recent advances in Si integrated photonic sensors working in both near-infrared (NIR) and MIR wavelength ranges are discussed. We believe that this paper will be valuable for the scientific community working on Si photonic sensing devices.
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Fang, Zhou, and Ce Zhou Zhao. "Recent Progress in Silicon Photonics: A Review." ISRN Optics 2012 (March 15, 2012): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/428690.
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With the increasing bandwidth requirement in computing and signal processing, the inherent limitations in metallic interconnection are seriously threatening the future of traditional IC industry. Silicon photonics can provide a low-cost approach to overcome the bottleneck of the high data rate transmission by replacing the original electronic integrated circuits with photonic integrated circuits. Although the commercial promise has not been realized, this perspective gives huge impetus to the development of silicon photonics these years. This paper provides an overview of the progress and the state of the art of each component in silicon photonics, including waveguides, filters, modulators, detectors, and lasers, mainly in the last five years.
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Shen, Yanjun. "Principle And Application of Silicon Photonic Technology in Communication and Artificial Intelligence." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 112 (August 20, 2024): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/m73tbw43.
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Silicon photonics, the innovative approach to fabricating integrated photonic systems on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) platforms, has garnered significant attention over the past two years due to its potential to revolutionize data centers by offering solutions that are faster, more secure, and energy-efficient. This technology merges the scalability and precision of microelectronics with the benefits of photonic technology's high speed and low power consumption, thereby surpassing traditional discrete device solutions in efficiency and performance. Silicon optical technology, in particular, boasts superior data transmission capabilities, with optical signals achieving rates that electrical signals cannot match. Moreover, as traditional copper circuits approach their physical limitations, enhancing bandwidth becomes increasingly challenging. This article highlights the advantages of silicon photonics and explores its applications in the realms of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and quantum communication. It presents a comprehensive analysis of two distinct LiDAR methodologies and offers new insights into quantum communication, underscoring the transformative potential of silicon photonics in these advanced technological domains.
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Qiao, Qifeng, Haoyang Sun, Xinmiao Liu, Bowei Dong, Ji Xia, Chengkuo Lee, and Guangya Zhou. "Suspended Silicon Waveguide with Sub-Wavelength Grating Cladding for Optical MEMS in Mid-Infrared." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2021): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111311.
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Mid-infrared (MIR) photonics are generating considerable interest because of the potential applications in spectroscopic sensing, thermal imaging, and remote sensing. Silicon photonics is believed to be a promising solution to realize MIR photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The past decade has seen a huge growth in MIR PIC building blocks. However, there is still a need for the development of MIR reconfigurable photonics to enable powerful on-chip optical systems and new functionalities. In this paper, we present an MIR (3.7~4.1 μm wavelength range) MEMS reconfiguration approach using the suspended silicon waveguide platform on the silicon-on-insulator. With the sub-wavelength grating claddings, the photonic waveguide can be well integrated with the MEMS actuator, thus offering low-loss, energy-efficient, and effective reconfiguration. We present a simulation study on the waveguide design and depict the MEMS-integration approach. Moreover, we experimentally report the suspended waveguide with propagation loss (−2.9 dB/cm) and bending loss (−0.076 dB each). The suspended waveguide coupler is experimentally investigated. In addition, we validate the proposed optical MEMS approach using a reconfigurable ring resonator design. In conclusion, we experimentally demonstrate the proposed waveguide platform’s capability for MIR MEMS-reconfigurable photonics, which empowers the MIR on-chip optical systems for various applications.
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Harris, Nicholas C., Darius Bunandar, Mihir Pant, Greg R. Steinbrecher, Jacob Mower, Mihika Prabhu, Tom Baehr-Jones, Michael Hochberg, and Dirk Englund. "Large-scale quantum photonic circuits in silicon." Nanophotonics 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 456–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0146.
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AbstractQuantum information science offers inherently more powerful methods for communication, computation, and precision measurement that take advantage of quantum superposition and entanglement. In recent years, theoretical and experimental advances in quantum computing and simulation with photons have spurred great interest in developing large photonic entangled states that challenge today’s classical computers. As experiments have increased in complexity, there has been an increasing need to transition bulk optics experiments to integrated photonics platforms to control more spatial modes with higher fidelity and phase stability. The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanophotonics platform offers new possibilities for quantum optics, including the integration of bright, nonclassical light sources, based on the large third-order nonlinearity (χ(3)) of silicon, alongside quantum state manipulation circuits with thousands of optical elements, all on a single phase-stable chip. How large do these photonic systems need to be? Recent theoretical work on Boson Sampling suggests that even the problem of sampling from e30 identical photons, having passed through an interferometer of hundreds of modes, becomes challenging for classical computers. While experiments of this size are still challenging, the SOI platform has the required component density to enable low-loss and programmable interferometers for manipulating hundreds of spatial modes.Here, we discuss the SOI nanophotonics platform for quantum photonic circuits with hundreds-to-thousands of optical elements and the associated challenges. We compare SOI to competing technologies in terms of requirements for quantum optical systems. We review recent results on large-scale quantum state evolution circuits and strategies for realizing high-fidelity heralded gates with imperfect, practical systems. Next, we review recent results on silicon photonics-based photon-pair sources and device architectures, and we discuss a path towards large-scale source integration. Finally, we review monolithic integration strategies for single-photon detectors and their essential role in on-chip feed forward operations.
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Ferreira de Lima, Thomas, Alexander N. Tait, Armin Mehrabian, Mitchell A. Nahmias, Chaoran Huang, Hsuan-Tung Peng, Bicky A. Marquez, et al. "Primer on silicon neuromorphic photonic processors: architecture and compiler." Nanophotonics 9, no. 13 (August 10, 2020): 4055–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0172.
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AbstractMicroelectronic computers have encountered challenges in meeting all of today’s demands for information processing. Meeting these demands will require the development of unconventional computers employing alternative processing models and new device physics. Neural network models have come to dominate modern machine learning algorithms, and specialized electronic hardware has been developed to implement them more efficiently. A silicon photonic integration industry promises to bring manufacturing ecosystems normally reserved for microelectronics to photonics. Photonic devices have already found simple analog signal processing niches where electronics cannot provide sufficient bandwidth and reconfigurability. In order to solve more complex information processing problems, they will have to adopt a processing model that generalizes and scales. Neuromorphic photonics aims to map physical models of optoelectronic systems to abstract models of neural networks. It represents a new opportunity for machine information processing on sub-nanosecond timescales, with application to mathematical programming, intelligent radio frequency signal processing, and real-time control. The strategy of neuromorphic engineering is to externalize the risk of developing computational theory alongside hardware. The strategy of remaining compatible with silicon photonics externalizes the risk of platform development. In this perspective article, we provide a rationale for a neuromorphic photonics processor, envisioning its architecture and a compiler. We also discuss how it can be interfaced with a general purpose computer, i.e. a CPU, as a coprocessor to target specific applications. This paper is intended for a wide audience and provides a roadmap for expanding research in the direction of transforming neuromorphic photonics into a viable and useful candidate for accelerating neuromorphic computing.
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Komza, Lukasz, Polnop Samutpraphoot, Mutasem Odeh, Yu-Lung Tang, Milena Mathew, Jiu Chang, Hanbin Song, et al. "Indistinguishable photons from an artificial atom in silicon photonics." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (August 13, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-51265-1.
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AbstractSilicon is the ideal material for building electronic and photonic circuits at scale. Integrated photonic quantum technologies in silicon offer a promising path to scaling by leveraging advanced semiconductor manufacturing and integration capabilities. However, the lack of deterministic quantum light sources and strong photon-photon interactions in silicon poses a challenge to scalability. In this work, we demonstrate an indistinguishable photon source in silicon photonics based on an artificial atom. We show that a G center in a silicon waveguide can generate high-purity telecom-band single photons. We perform high-resolution spectroscopy and time-delayed two-photon interference to demonstrate the indistinguishability of single photons emitted from a G center in a silicon waveguide. Our results show that artificial atoms in silicon photonics can source single photons suitable for photonic quantum networks and processors.
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Wang Zi-Yao, Chen Fu-Jia, Xi Xiang, Gao Zhen, and Yang Yi-Hao. "Non-reciprocal topological photonics." Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.73.20231850.
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The proposal and development of topological photonics have provided a new approach to fundamentally address the susceptibility of traditional photonic devices to defects or disorders, significantly enhancing the transmission efficiency and robustness of photonic devices. Among them, non-reciprocal topological photonics which break time-reversal symmetry and support chiral topological states are crucial branches of topological photonics. Their topological properties are characterized by non-zero Chern numbers in two dimensions or topological Chern vectors in three dimensions, exhibiting a rigorous and complete topological protection beyond that of reciprocal topological photonics. This review focuses on introducing the remarkable achievements of non-reciprocal topological photonics in exploring novel physical phenomena (chiral/antichiral edge/surface states, two-dimensional/three-dimensional photonic Chern insulators, magnetic Weyl photonics crystals, etc.) and constructing non-reciprocal robust topological photonic devices (unidirectional waveguides, broadband slow-light delay lines, arbitrarily shaped topological lasers, high-orbital-angular-momentum coherent light sources, etc.). Finally, the current status, potential challenges, and possible breakthroughs in the development of non-reciprocal topological photonics are discussed.