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Wu, Xiaozhong, and Qinglei Guo. "Bioresorbable Photonics: Materials, Devices and Applications." Photonics 8, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070235.
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Bio-photonic devices that utilize the interaction between light and biological substances have been emerging as an important tool for clinical diagnosis and/or therapy. At the same time, implanted biodegradable photonic devices can be disintegrated and resorbed after a predefined operational period, thus avoiding the risk and cost associated with the secondary surgical extraction. In this paper, the recent progress on biodegradable photonics is reviewed, with a focus on material strategies, device architectures and their biomedical applications. We begin with a brief introduction of biodegradable photonics, followed by the material strategies for constructing biodegradable photonic devices. Then, various types of biodegradable photonic devices with different functionalities are described. After that, several demonstration examples for applications in intracranial pressure monitoring, biochemical sensing and drug delivery are presented, revealing the great potential of biodegradable photonics in the monitoring of human health status and the treatment of human diseases. We then conclude with the summary of this field, as well as current challenges and possible future directions.
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Fehler, Konstantin G., Anna P. Ovvyan, Lukas Antoniuk, Niklas Lettner, Nico Gruhler, Valery A. Davydov, Viatcheslav N. Agafonov, Wolfram H. P. Pernice, and Alexander Kubanek. "Purcell-enhanced emission from individual SiV− center in nanodiamonds coupled to a Si3N4-based, photonic crystal cavity." Nanophotonics 9, no. 11 (July 10, 2020): 3655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0257.
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AbstractHybrid quantum photonics combines classical photonics with quantum emitters in a postprocessing step. It facilitates to link ideal quantum light sources to optimized photonic platforms. Optical cavities enable to harness the Purcell-effect boosting the device efficiency. Here, we postprocess a free-standing, crossed-waveguide photonic crystal cavity based on Si3N4 with SiV− center in nanodiamonds. We develop a routine that optimizes the overlap with the cavity electric field utilizing atomic force microscope (AFM) nanomanipulation to attain control of spatial and dipole alignment. Temperature tuning further gives access to the spectral emitter-cavity overlap. After a few optimization cycles, we resolve the fine-structure of individual SiV− centers and achieve a Purcell enhancement of more than 4 on individual optical transitions, meaning that four out of five spontaneously emitted photons are channeled into the photonic device. Our work opens up new avenues to construct efficient quantum photonic devices.
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Zhang, Chuang, Chang-Ling Zou, Yan Zhao, Chun-Hua Dong, Cong Wei, Hanlin Wang, Yunqi Liu, Guang-Can Guo, Jiannian Yao, and Yong Sheng Zhao. "Organic printed photonics: From microring lasers to integrated circuits." Science Advances 1, no. 8 (September 2015): e1500257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500257.
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A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is the optical analogy of an electronic loop in which photons are signal carriers with high transport speed and parallel processing capability. Besides the most frequently demonstrated silicon-based circuits, PICs require a variety of materials for light generation, processing, modulation, and detection. With their diversity and flexibility, organic molecular materials provide an alternative platform for photonics; however, the versatile fabrication of organic integrated circuits with the desired photonic performance remains a big challenge. The rapid development of flexible electronics has shown that a solution printing technique has considerable potential for the large-scale fabrication and integration of microsized/nanosized devices. We propose the idea of soft photonics and demonstrate the function-directed fabrication of high-quality organic photonic devices and circuits. We prepared size-tunable and reproducible polymer microring resonators on a wafer-scale transparent and flexible chip using a solution printing technique. The printed optical resonator showed a quality (Q) factor higher than 4 × 105, which is comparable to that of silicon-based resonators. The high material compatibility of this printed photonic chip enabled us to realize low-threshold microlasers by doping organic functional molecules into a typical photonic device. On an identical chip, this construction strategy allowed us to design a complex assembly of one-dimensional waveguide and resonator components for light signal filtering and optical storage toward the large-scale on-chip integration of microscopic photonic units. Thus, we have developed a scheme for soft photonic integration that may motivate further studies on organic photonic materials and devices.
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Dong, Po, Young-Kai Chen, Guang-Hua Duan, and David T. Neilson. "Silicon photonic devices and integrated circuits." Nanophotonics 3, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2014): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0023.
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AbstractSilicon photonic devices and integrated circuits have undergone rapid and significant progresses during the last decade, transitioning from research topics in universities to product development in corporations. Silicon photonics is anticipated to be a disruptive optical technology for data communications, with applications such as intra-chip interconnects, short-reach communications in datacenters and supercomputers, and long-haul optical transmissions. Bell Labs, as the research organization of Alcatel-Lucent, a network system vendor, has an optimal position to identify the full potential of silicon photonics both in the applications and in its technical merits. Additionally it has demonstrated novel and improved high-performance optical devices, and implemented multi-function photonic integrated circuits to fulfill various communication applications. In this paper, we review our silicon photonic programs and main achievements during recent years. For devices, we review high-performance single-drive push-pull silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators, hybrid silicon/III-V lasers and silicon nitride-assisted polarization rotators. For photonic circuits, we review silicon/silicon nitride integration platforms to implement wavelength-division multiplexing receivers and transmitters. In addition, we show silicon photonic circuits are well suited for dual-polarization optical coherent transmitters and receivers, geared for advanced modulation formats. We also discuss various applications in the field of communication which may benefit from implementation in silicon photonics.
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Wada, Kazumi. "A New Approach of Electronics and Photonics Convergence on Si CMOS Platform: How to Reduce Device Diversity of Photonics for Integration." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (July 7, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/807457.
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Integrated photonics via Si CMOS technology has been a strategic area since electronics and photonics convergence should be the next platform for information technology. The platform is recently referred to as “Si photonics” that attracts much interest of researchers in industries as well as academia in the world. The main goal of Si Photonics is currently to reduce material diversity of photonic devices to pursuing CMOS-compatibility. In contrast, the present paper proposes another route of Si Photonics, reducing diversity of photonic devices. The proposed device unifying functionality of photonics is a microresonator with a pin diode structure that enables the Purcell effect and Franz-Keldysh effect to emit and to modulate light from SiGe alloys.
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Li, Jiang, Chaoyue Liu, Haitao Chen, Jingshu Guo, Ming Zhang, and Daoxin Dai. "Hybrid silicon photonic devices with two-dimensional materials." Nanophotonics 9, no. 8 (May 14, 2020): 2295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0093.
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AbstractSilicon photonics is becoming more and more attractive in the applications of optical interconnections, optical computing, and optical sensing. Although various silicon photonic devices have been developed rapidly, it is still not easy to realize active photonic devices and circuits with silicon alone due to the intrinsic limitations of silicon. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attentions due to their unique properties in electronics and photonics. 2D materials can be easily transferred onto silicon and thus provide a promising approach for realizing active photonic devices on silicon. In this paper, we give a review on recent progresses towards hybrid silicon photonics devices with 2D materials, including two parts. One is silicon-based photodetectors with 2D materials for the wavelength-bands from ultraviolet (UV) to mid-infrared (MIR). The other is silicon photonic switches/modulators with 2D materials, including high-speed electro-optical modulators, high-efficiency thermal-optical switches and low-threshold all-optical modulators, etc. These hybrid silicon photonic devices with 2D materials devices provide an alternative way for the realization of multifunctional silicon photonic integrated circuits in the future.
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Li, Chenlei, Dajian Liu, and Daoxin Dai. "Multimode silicon photonics." Nanophotonics 8, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0161.
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AbstractMultimode silicon photonics is attracting more and more attention because the introduction of higher-order modes makes it possible to increase the channel number for data transmission in mode-division-multiplexed (MDM) systems as well as improve the flexibility of device designs. On the other hand, the design of multimode silicon photonic devices becomes very different compared with the traditional case with the fundamental mode only. Since not only the fundamental mode but also the higher-order modes are involved, one of the most important things for multimode silicon photonics is the realization of effective mode manipulation, which is not difficult, fortunately because the mode dispersion in multimode silicon optical waveguide is very strong. Great progresses have been achieved on multimode silicon photonics in the past years. In this paper, a review of the recent progresses of the representative multimode silicon photonic devices and circuits is given. The first part reviews multimode silicon photonics for MDM systems, including on-chip multichannel mode (de)multiplexers, multimode waveguide bends, multimode waveguide crossings, reconfigurable multimode silicon photonic integrated circuits, multimode chip-fiber couplers, etc. In the second part, we give a discussion about the higher-order mode-assisted silicon photonic devices, including on-chip polarization-handling devices with higher-order modes, add-drop optical filters based on multimode Bragg gratings, and some emerging applications.
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Du, Qingyang. "High energy radiation damage on silicon photonic devices: a review." Optical Materials Express 13, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.476935.
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The past decade has witnessed the fast development of silicon photonics. Their superior performance compared with the electronic counterpart has made the silicon photonic device an excellent candidate for data communication, sensing, and computation. Most recently, there has been growing interest in implementing these devices in radiation harsh environments, such as nuclear reactors and outer space, where significant doses of high energy irradiation are present. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to fill in the “knowledge gap” of radiation induced damage in silicon photonic devices and provide mitigation solutions to fulfill the device endurance requirement. In this review, we introduce the damage mechanism and provide a survey on radiation induced effects on silicon photonic devices, including lasers, modulators, detectors, and passive waveguides. Finally, the mitigation strategies are discussed.
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He, Li, Huan Li, and Mo Li. "Optomechanical measurement of photon spin angular momentum and optical torque in integrated photonic devices." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (September 2016): e1600485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600485.
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Photons carry linear momentum and spin angular momentum when circularly or elliptically polarized. During light-matter interaction, transfer of linear momentum leads to optical forces, whereas transfer of angular momentum induces optical torque. Optical forces including radiation pressure and gradient forces have long been used in optical tweezers and laser cooling. In nanophotonic devices, optical forces can be significantly enhanced, leading to unprecedented optomechanical effects in both classical and quantum regimes. In contrast, to date, the angular momentum of light and the optical torque effect have only been used in optical tweezers but remain unexplored in integrated photonics. We demonstrate the measurement of the spin angular momentum of photons propagating in a birefringent waveguide and the use of optical torque to actuate rotational motion of an optomechanical device. We show that the sign and magnitude of the optical torque are determined by the photon polarization states that are synthesized on the chip. Our study reveals the mechanical effect of photon’s polarization degree of freedom and demonstrates its control in integrated photonic devices. Exploiting optical torque and optomechanical interaction with photon angular momentum can lead to torsional cavity optomechanics and optomechanical photon spin-orbit coupling, as well as applications such as optomechanical gyroscopes and torsional magnetometry.
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Asano, Takashi, and Susumu Noda. "Photonic Crystal Devices in Silicon Photonics." Proceedings of the IEEE 106, no. 12 (December 2018): 2183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2018.2853197.
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Xiong, Chunle, Bryn Bell, and Benjamin J. Eggleton. "CMOS-compatible photonic devices for single-photon generation." Nanophotonics 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0022.
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AbstractSources of single photons are one of the key building blocks for quantum photonic technologies such as quantum secure communication and powerful quantum computing. To bring the proof-of-principle demonstration of these technologies from the laboratory to the real world, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible photonic chips are highly desirable for photon generation, manipulation, processing and even detection because of their compactness, scalability, robustness, and the potential for integration with electronics. In this paper, we review the development of photonic devices made from materials (e.g., silicon) and processes that are compatible with CMOS fabrication facilities for the generation of single photons.
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Golovastikov, N. V., S. P. Dorozhkin, and V. A. Soife. "Intelligent systems based on photonics." Ontology of Designing 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2223-9537-2021-11-4-422-436.
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This paper discusses the prospects of photonics, shows the relevance and applicability of photonics research. The poten-tial of photonics technologies to answer the socio-economic challenges of the digital transformation age is revealed. Opportunities that emerge with the introduction of photonic devices to various technical systems designed for environ-mental protection and quality of life improvement are demonstrated. Concrete photonics structures and devices for such key applications as spectroscopy, analog optical calculations, and optical neural networks are closely examined. Possi-ble applications for photonic sensors and new type spectrometers are outlined, their competitive advantages explored. Various geometries of extra fine compact photonic spectrometers are presented: based on digital planar diagrams, inte-grated into the photonic waveguides, metasurfaces, diffraction gratings with varying parameters. The benefits of analog optical computations against conventional electronic devices are discussed. Various nanophotonic structures designed for differential and integral operators are studied, solutions for edge detection are proposed. The concept for artificial intelligence implementation on the photonics platform using optical neural networks is analyzed. Various solutions are examined: containing sequences of diffraction elements and based on Huygens–Fresnel principle, as well as planar structures comprised of waveguides that interact as Mach–Zehnder interferometer. SPIE estimation of the international photonics market proposes that the peak of interest for this field is yet to be achieved and photonics will claim its place in the future technological landscape.
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Ji, Yanan, Wen Xu, Ilia L. Rasskazov, Haichun Liu, Junhua Hu, Mao Liu, Donglei Zhou, Xue Bai, Hans Ågren, and Hongwei Song. "Perovskite photonic crystal photoelectric devices." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 4 (December 2022): 041319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106118.
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Metal halide perovskite materials have been extensively explored in modern photonic devices. Photonic crystals (PCs) are periodic structures with specific optical properties, such as photonic stop bands and “slow photon” effects, which can tailor the propagation and distribution of photons in photoelectric devices. PCs have in recent years been widely explored to significantly improve the performance of perovskite luminescent materials and/or photoelectric devices. Therefore, a full understanding of the key role of PCs and a further learning of the correct use of PCs in perovskite photonic/photoelectric devices are essential for realizing the inherent potential of the superior performance of such devices. By means of this first review, we aim at offering a comprehensive framework description for PCs suitable for high-performance perovskite photoelectric devices. We start with a brief introduction to the basic aspects of PCs. Then, we summarize the influences of PCs on emission/absorption for perovskite luminescent materials. Subsequently, we systematically discuss concepts like light extraction, light trapping, slow-light effects, and structural effects of PCs for perovskite devices, with a particular emphasis on their theoretical descriptions. We argue that the marriage of perovskite materials with PCs can open up a novel frontier in photoelectric devices that potentially can spawn many exciting new fields.
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Ji, Zitao, Jianfeng Chen, and Zhi-Yuan Li. "Perspective: Antichiral magnetic topological photonics." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 14 (April 14, 2023): 140901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144864.
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Topological photonics has recently opened up a promising frontier for electromagnetic wave and light manipulation and has made great progress from unique physical concepts to novel practical photonic devices. Numerous works have discussed the realizations of chiral topological photonic states in magnetic photonic crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry; however, limited reports have been discussed to the achievements of antichiral topological photonic states. In this Perspective, we review recent progress in antichiral topological photonic states in magnetic photonic systems for the basic concepts, properties, and applications. Additionally, we provide an outlook for emerging frontier topics, promising opportunities, fundamental challenges, and potential applications for antichiral magnetic topological photonics.
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Park, Hyundai, Alexander W. Fang, Di Liang, Ying-Hao Kuo, Hsu-Hao Chang, Brian R. Koch, Hui-Wen Chen, Matthew N. Sysak, Richard Jones, and John E. Bowers. "Photonic Integration on the Hybrid Silicon Evanescent Device Platform." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (June 9, 2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/682978.
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This paper reviews the recent progress of hybrid silicon evanescent devices. The hybrid silicon evanescent device structure consists of III-V epitaxial layers transferred to silicon waveguides through a low-temperature wafer bonding process to achieve optical gain, absorption, and modulation efficiently on a silicon photonics platform. The low-temperature wafer bonding process enables fusion of two different material systems without degradation of material quality and is scalable to wafer-level bonding. Lasers, amplifiers, photodetectors, and modulators have been demonstrated with this hybrid structure and integration of these individual components for improved optical functionality is also presented. This approach provides a unique way to build photonic active devices on silicon and should allow application of silicon photonic integrated circuits to optical telecommunication and optical interconnects.
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Chigrinov, Vladimir, Jiatong Sun, and Xiaoqian Wang. "Photoaligning and Photopatterning: New LC Technology." Crystals 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040323.
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We demonstrate a physical model of photoalignment and photopatterning based on rotational diffusion in solid azo-dye nanolayers. We also highlight the new applications of photoalignment and photopatterning in display and photonics such as: (i) liquid crystal (LC) E-paper devices, including optically rewritable LC E-paper on flexible substrates as 3D E-paper, as well as optically rewritable technology for photonics devices; (ii) photonics LC devices, such as LC Switches, polarization controllers and polarization rotators, variable optical attenuators, LC filled photonic crystal fiber, switchable diffraction grating; (iii) patterned micro-polarizer array using photo-alignment technology for image sensor; (iv) electrically tunable liquid crystal q-plates; (v) electrically switchable liquid crystal Fresnel lens; (vi) liquid crystal optical elements with integrated Pancharatnam-Berry phases. We are sure, that in the field of (LC), the main point is no longer display research, but new photonic applications of LC are emerging in telecommunication, fiber optical communication systems, sensors, switchable lenses, LC light converters and other LC photonics devices.
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Kazanskiy, Nikolay L., Svetlana N. Khonina, and Muhammad A. Butt. "Advancement in Silicon Integrated Photonics Technologies for Sensing Applications in Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Region: A Review." Photonics 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050331.
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Exploration and implementation of silicon (Si) photonics has surged in recent years since both photonic component performance and photonic integration complexity have considerably improved. It supports a wide range of datacom and telecom applications, as well as sensors, including light detection and ranging, gyroscopes, biosensors, and spectrometers. The advantages of low-loss Si WGs with compact size and excellent uniformity, resulting from the high quality and maturity of the Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) environment, are major drivers for using Si in photonics. Moreover, it has a high refractive index and a reasonably large mid-infrared (MIR) transparency window, up to roughly 7 μm wavelength, making it beneficial as a passive mid-IR optical material. Several gases and compounds with high absorption properties in the MIR spectral region are of prodigious curiosity for industrial, medicinal, and environmental applications. In comparison to current bulky systems, the implementation of Si photonics devices in this wavelength range might allow inexpensive and small optical sensing devices with greater sensitivity (S), power usage, and mobility. In this review, recent advances in Si integrated photonic sensors working in both near-infrared (NIR) and MIR wavelength ranges are discussed. We believe that this paper will be valuable for the scientific community working on Si photonic sensing devices.
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Ferreira de Lima, Thomas, Bhavin J. Shastri, Alexander N. Tait, Mitchell A. Nahmias, and Paul R. Prucnal. "Progress in neuromorphic photonics." Nanophotonics 6, no. 3 (March 11, 2017): 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0139.
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AbstractAs society’s appetite for information continues to grow, so does our need to process this information with increasing speed and versatility. Many believe that the one-size-fits-all solution of digital electronics is becoming a limiting factor in certain areas such as data links, cognitive radio, and ultrafast control. Analog photonic devices have found relatively simple signal processing niches where electronics can no longer provide sufficient speed and reconfigurability. Recently, the landscape for commercially manufacturable photonic chips has been changing rapidly and now promises to achieve economies of scale previously enjoyed solely by microelectronics. By bridging the mathematical prowess of artificial neural networks to the underlying physics of optoelectronic devices, neuromorphic photonics could breach new domains of information processing demanding significant complexity, low cost, and unmatched speed. In this article, we review the progress in neuromorphic photonics, focusing on photonic integrated devices. The challenges and design rules for optoelectronic instantiation of artificial neurons are presented. The proposed photonic architecture revolves around the processing network node composed of two parts: a nonlinear element and a network interface. We then survey excitable lasers in the recent literature as candidates for the nonlinear node and microring-resonator weight banks as the network interface. Finally, we compare metrics between neuromorphic electronics and neuromorphic photonics and discuss potential applications.
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Liu, Meng, Zhi-Wei Wei, Ai-Ping Luo, Wen-Cheng Xu, and Zhi-Chao Luo. "Recent progress on applications of 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices in pulse shaping and all-optical signal processing." Nanophotonics 9, no. 9 (July 8, 2020): 2641–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0564.
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AbstractDue to the exotic electronic and optical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, graphitic carbon nitride, metal-organic frameworks, and so on, have attracted enormous interest in the scientific communities dealing with electronics and photonics. Combing the 2D materials with the microfiber, the 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices could be assembled. They offer the advantages of a high nonlinear effect, all fiber structure, high damage threshold, and so on, which play important roles in fields of pulse shaping and all-optical signal processing. In this review, first, we introduce the fabrication methods of 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices. Then the pulse generation and the nonlinear soliton dynamics based on pulse shaping method in fiber lasers and all-optical signal processing based on 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices, such as optical modulator and wavelength converter, are summarized, respectively. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the future development of 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices are given. It is believed that 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices will develop rapidly and open new opportunities in the related fields.
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SONG, BONG-SHIK, TAKASHI ASANO, and SUSUMU NODA. "RECENT ADVANCES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTALS SLAB STRUCTURE: DEFECT ENGINEERING AND HETEROSTRUCTURE." Nano 02, no. 01 (February 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292007000374.
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This paper presents a review on the selected highlights of highly-functional devices in two-dimensional photonic crystals slab structure. By introducing artificial defects in the photonic crystals (that is, defect engineering), novel photonic devices of line-defect waveguides and point-defect nanocavity are demonstrated. For more efficient manipulation of photons, the fundamentals of heterostructure photonic crystals are also reviewed. Heterostructures consist of multiple photonic crystals with different lattice-constants and they provide further high-functionalities such as multiple wavelength operation while maintaining optimized performance and the enhancement of photon manipulation efficiency. Because of the importance of high quality (Q) nanocavity for realization of nanophotonic devices, we also review the design rule of high Q nanocavities and present recent experiments on nanocavities with Q factors in excess of one million (~ 1.2 × 106). The progress of defect engineering and heterostructure in two-dimensional photonic crystals slab structure will accelerate development in ultrasmall photonic chips, cavity quantum electrodynamics, optical sensors, etc.
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Lin, Qian, Xiao-Qi Sun, Meng Xiao, Shou-Cheng Zhang, and Shanhui Fan. "A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension." Science Advances 4, no. 10 (October 2018): eaat2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2774.
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In the development of topological photonics, achieving three-dimensional topological insulators is of notable interest since it enables the exploration of new topological physics with photons and promises novel photonic devices that are robust against disorders in three dimensions. Previous theoretical proposals toward three-dimensional topological insulators use complex geometries that are challenging to implement. On the basis of the concept of synthetic dimension, we show that a two-dimensional array of ring resonators, which was previously demonstrated to exhibit a two-dimensional topological insulator phase, automatically becomes a three-dimensional topological insulator when the frequency dimension is taken into account. Moreover, by modulating a few of the resonators, a screw dislocation along the frequency axis can be created, which provides robust one-way transport of photons along the frequency axis. Demonstrating the physics of screw dislocation in a topological system has been a substantial challenge in solid-state systems. Our work indicates that the physics of three-dimensional topological insulators can be explored in standard integrated photonic platforms, leading to opportunities for novel devices that control the frequency of light.
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Kumar, Abhishek, Ankur Solanki, Manukumara Manjappa, Sankaran Ramesh, Yogesh Kumar Srivastava, Piyush Agarwal, Tze Chien Sum, and Ranjan Singh. "Excitons in 2D perovskites for ultrafast terahertz photonic devices." Science Advances 6, no. 8 (February 2020): eaax8821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax8821.
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In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for environmentally stable solar cells, highly efficient light-emitting diodes, and resistive memory devices. The remarkable existence of self-assembled quantum well (QW) structures in solution-processed 2D perovskites offers a diverse range of optoelectronic properties, which remain largely unexplored. Here, we experimentally observe ultrafast relaxation of free carriers in 20 ps due to the quantum confinement of free carriers in a self-assembled QW structures that form excitons. Furthermore, hybridizing the 2D perovskites with metamaterials on a rigid and a flexible substrate enables modulation of terahertz fields at 50-GHz modulating speed, which is the fastest for a solution-processed semiconductor-based photonic device. Hence, an exciton-based ultrafast response of 2D perovskites opens up large avenues for a wide range of scalable dynamic photonic devices with potential applications in flexible photonics, ultrafast wavefront control, and short-range wireless terahertz communications.
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Abbate, G., and J. M. Otón. "Liquid Crystal-Based Photonic Devices: LC Photonet." Advanced Materials 12, no. 6 (March 2000): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(200003)12:6<459::aid-adma459>3.0.co;2-x.
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Shankar, Raji, and Marko Lončar. "Silicon photonic devices for mid-infrared applications." Nanophotonics 3, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2014): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0027.
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AbstractThe mid-infrared (IR) wavelength region (2–20 µm) is of great interest for a number of applications, including trace gas sensing, thermal imaging, and free-space communications. Recently, there has been significant progress in developing a mid-IR photonics platform in Si, which is highly transparent in the mid-IR, due to the ease of fabrication and CMOS compatibility provided by the Si platform. Here, we discuss our group’s recent contributions to the field of silicon-based mid-IR photonics, including photonic crystal cavities in a Si membrane platform and grating-coupled high-quality factor ring resonators in a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) platform. Since experimental characterization of microphotonic devices is especially challenging at the mid-IR, we also review our mid-IR characterization techniques in some detail. Additionally, pre- and post-processing techniques for improving device performance, such as resist reflow, Piranha clean/HF dip cycling, and annealing are discussed.
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Leon-Saval, Sergio G., Alexander Argyros, and Joss Bland-Hawthorn. "Photonic lanterns." Nanophotonics 2, no. 5-6 (December 16, 2013): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0035.
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AbstractMultimode optical fibers have been primarily (and almost solely) used as “light pipes” in short distance telecommunications and in remote and astronomical spectroscopy. The modal properties of the multimode waveguides are rarely exploited and mostly discussed in the context of guiding light. Until recently, most photonic applications in the applied sciences have arisen from developments in telecommunications. However, the photonic lantern is one of several devices that arose to solve problems in astrophotonics and space photonics. Interestingly, these devices are now being explored for use in telecommunications and are likely to find commercial use in the next few years, particularly in the development of compact spectrographs. Photonic lanterns allow for a low-loss transformation of a multimode waveguide into a discrete number of single-mode waveguides and vice versa, thus enabling the use of single-mode photonic technologies in multimode systems. In this review, we will discuss the theory and function of the photonic lantern, along with several different variants of the technology. We will also discuss some of its applications in more detail. Furthermore, we foreshadow future applications of this technology to the field of nanophotonics.
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Maram, Reza, Saket Kaushal, José Azaña, and Lawrence Chen. "Recent Trends and Advances of Silicon-Based Integrated Microwave Photonics." Photonics 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6010013.
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Multitude applications of photonic devices and technologies for the generation and manipulation of arbitrary and random microwave waveforms, at unprecedented processing speeds, have been proposed in the literature over the past three decades. This class of photonic applications for microwave engineering is known as microwave photonics (MWP). The vast capabilities of MWP have allowed the realization of key functionalities which are either highly complex or simply not possible in the microwave domain alone. Recently, this growing field has adopted the integrated photonics technologies to develop microwave photonic systems with enhanced robustness as well as with a significant reduction of size, cost, weight, and power consumption. In particular, silicon photonics technology is of great interest for this aim as it offers outstanding possibilities for integration of highly-complex active and passive photonic devices, permitting monolithic integration of MWP with high-speed silicon electronics. In this article, we present a review of recent work on MWP functions developed on the silicon platform. We particularly focus on newly reported designs for signal modulation, arbitrary waveform generation, filtering, true-time delay, phase shifting, beam steering, and frequency measurement.
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Silberberg, Yaron. "Photonic switching devices." Optics News 15, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/on.15.2.000007.
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Kamenjicki, Marta, R. Kesavamoorthy, and Sanford A. Asher. "Photonic crystal devices." Ionics 10, no. 3-4 (May 2004): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02382822.
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Koyama, Fumio. "Photonic functional devices." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 45, no. 2 (1991): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.45.183.
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Skinner, Jack L., Jessica M. Andriolo, John P. Murphy, and Brandon M. Ross. "Electrospinning for nano- to mesoscale photonic structures." Nanophotonics 6, no. 5 (December 28, 2016): 765–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0142.
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AbstractThe fabrication of photonic and electronic structures and devices has directed the manufacturing industry for the last 50 years. Currently, the majority of small-scale photonic devices are created by traditional microfabrication techniques that create features by processes such as lithography and electron or ion beam direct writing. Microfabrication techniques are often expensive and slow. In contrast, the use of electrospinning (ES) in the fabrication of micro- and nano-scale devices for the manipulation of photons and electrons provides a relatively simple and economic viable alternative. ES involves the delivery of a polymer solution to a capillary held at a high voltage relative to the fiber deposition surface. Electrostatic force developed between the collection plate and the polymer promotes fiber deposition onto the collection plate. Issues with ES fabrication exist primarily due to an instability region that exists between the capillary and collection plate and is characterized by chaotic motion of the depositing polymer fiber. Material limitations to ES also exist; not all polymers of interest are amenable to the ES process due to process dependencies on molecular weight and chain entanglement or incompatibility with other polymers and overall process compatibility. Passive and active electronic and photonic fibers fabricated through the ES have great potential for use in light generation and collection in optical and electronic structures/devices. ES produces fiber devices that can be combined with inorganic, metallic, biological, or organic materials for novel device design. Synergistic material selection and post-processing techniques are also utilized for broad-ranging applications of organic nanofibers that span from biological to electronic, photovoltaic, or photonic. As the ability to electrospin optically and/or electronically active materials in a controlled manner continues to improve, the complexity and diversity of devices fabricated from this process can be expected to grow rapidly and provide an alternative to traditional resource-intensive fabrication techniques.
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Wu, You, Chong Li, Xiaoyong Hu, Yutian Ao, Yifan Zhao, and Qihuang Gong. "Applications of Topological Photonics in Integrated Photonic Devices." Advanced Optical Materials 5, no. 18 (August 1, 2017): 1700357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201700357.
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Pustelny, Tadeusz. "The 13th conference on Integrated Optics - Sensors, Sensing Structures and Methods IOS'2018." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i1.807.
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The conference covers the topical areas of optics, optoelectronics and photonics in the following aspects: fundamental and applied research, physics and technical, materials, components and devices, circuits and systems, technological and design, construction and manufacturing of photonic devices and systems, and metrology.
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Chen, Changming, Junyu Li, Chunxue Wang, Yingyan Huang, Daming Zhang, Zuosen Shi, Zhanchen Cui, Fei Yi, and Seng-Tiong Ho. "Study of an Integration Platform Based on an Adiabatic Active-Layer Waveguide Connection for InP Photonic Device Integration Mirroring That of Heterogeneous Integration on Silicon." Photonics 8, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100433.
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In this work, a photonic device integration platform capable of integration of active-passive InP-based photonic devices without the use of material regrowth is introduced. The platform makes use of an adiabatic active-layer waveguide connection (ALWC) to move an optical beam between active and passive devices. The performance of this platform is analyzed using an example made up of four main sections: (1) a fiber coupling section for enabling vertical beam coupling from optical fiber into the photonic chip using a mode-matched surface grating with apodized duty cycles; (2) a transparent waveguide section for realizing passive photonic devices; (3) an adiabatic mode connection structure for moving the optical beam between passive and active device sections; and (4) an active device section for realizing active photonic devices. It is shown that the coupled surface grating, when added with a bottom gold reflector, can achieve a high chip-to-fiber coupling efficiency (CE) of 88.3% at 1550 nm. The adiabatic active-layer mode connection structure has an optical loss of lower than 1% (CE > 99%). The active device section can achieve an optical gain of 20 dB/mm with the use of only 3 quantum wells. The optimized structural parameters of the entire waveguide module are analyzed and discussed.
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Yan, Siqi, Jeremy Adcock, and Yunhong Ding. "Graphene on Silicon Photonics: Light Modulation and Detection for Cutting-Edge Communication Technologies." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010313.
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Graphene—a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon in a single-layer honeycomb lattice nanostructure—has several distinctive optoelectronic properties that are highly desirable in advanced optical communication systems. Meanwhile, silicon photonics is a promising solution for the next-generation integrated photonics, owing to its low cost, low propagation loss and compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes. Unfortunately, silicon’s photodetection responsivity and operation bandwidth are intrinsically limited by its material characteristics. Graphene, with its extraordinary optoelectronic properties has been widely applied in silicon photonics to break this performance bottleneck, with significant progress reported. In this review, we focus on the application of graphene in high-performance silicon photonic devices, including modulators and photodetectors. Moreover, we explore the trend of development and discuss the future challenges of silicon-graphene hybrid photonic devices.
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Lin, Hongtao, Zhengqian Luo, Tian Gu, Lionel C. Kimerling, Kazumi Wada, Anu Agarwal, and Juejun Hu. "Mid-infrared integrated photonics on silicon: a perspective." Nanophotonics 7, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 393–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0085.
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AbstractThe emergence of silicon photonics over the past two decades has established silicon as a preferred substrate platform for photonic integration. While most silicon-based photonic components have so far been realized in the near-infrared (near-IR) telecommunication bands, the mid-infrared (mid-IR, 2–20-μm wavelength) band presents a significant growth opportunity for integrated photonics. In this review, we offer our perspective on the burgeoning field of mid-IR integrated photonics on silicon. A comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art of key photonic devices such as waveguides, light sources, modulators, and detectors is presented. Furthermore, on-chip spectroscopic chemical sensing is quantitatively analyzed as an example of mid-IR photonic system integration based on these basic building blocks, and the constituent component choices are discussed and contrasted in the context of system performance and integration technologies.
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Ma, Qijie, Guanghui Ren, Arnan Mitchell, and Jian Zhen Ou. "Recent advances on hybrid integration of 2D materials on integrated optics platforms." Nanophotonics 9, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 2191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0565.
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AbstractThe burgeoning research into two-dimensional (2D) materials opens a door to novel photonic and optoelectronic devices utilizing their fascinating electronic and photonic properties in thin-layered architectures. The hybrid integration of 2D materials onto integrated optics platforms thus becomes a potential solution to tackle the bottlenecks of traditional optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we present the recent advances of hybrid integration of a wide range of 2D materials on integrated optics platforms for developing high-performance photodetectors, modulators, lasers, and nonlinear optics. Such hybrid integration enables fully functional on-chip devices to be readily accessible researchers and technology developers, becoming a potential candidate for next-generation photonics and optoelectronics industries.
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Arianfard, Hamed, Saulius Juodkazis, David J. Moss, and Jiayang Wu. "Sagnac interference in integrated photonics." Applied Physics Reviews 10, no. 1 (March 2023): 011309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123236.
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As a fundamental optical approach to interferometry, Sagnac interference has been widely used for reflection manipulation, precision measurements, and spectral engineering in optical systems. Compared to other interferometry configurations, it offers attractive advantages by yielding a reduced system complexity without the need for phase control between different pathways, thus offering a high degree of stability against external disturbance and a low wavelength dependence. The advance of integration fabrication techniques has enabled chip-scale Sagnac interferometers with greatly reduced footprint and improved scalability compared to more conventional approaches implemented by spatial light or optical fiber devices. This facilitates a variety of integrated photonic devices with bidirectional light propagation, showing new features and capabilities compared to unidirectional-light-propagation devices, such as Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) and ring resonators (RRs). This paper reviews functional integrated photonic devices based on Sagnac interference. First, the basic theory of integrated Sagnac interference devices is introduced, together with comparisons to other integrated photonic building blocks, such as MZIs, RRs, photonic crystal cavities, and Bragg gratings. Next, the applications of Sagnac interference in integrated photonics, including reflection mirrors, optical gyroscopes, basic filters, wavelength (de)interleavers, optical analogues of quantum physics, and others, are systematically reviewed. Finally, the open challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Spector, Steven, and Cheryl Sorace-Agaskar. "Silicon photonics devices for integrated analog signal processing and sampling." Nanophotonics 3, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2014): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0036.
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AbstractSilicon photonics offers the possibility of a reduction in size weight and power for many optical systems, and could open up the ability to build optical systems with complexities that would otherwise be impossible to achieve. Silicon photonics is an emerging technology that has already been inserted into commercial communication products. This technology has also been applied to analog signal processing applications. MIT Lincoln Laboratory in collaboration with groups at MIT has developed a toolkit of silicon photonic devices with a focus on the needs of analog systems. This toolkit includes low-loss waveguides, a high-speed modulator, ring resonator based filter bank, and all-silicon photodiodes. The components are integrated together for a hybrid photonic and electronic analog-to-digital converter. The development and performance of these devices will be discussed. Additionally, the linear performance of these devices, which is important for analog systems, is also investigated.
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Kazanskiy, Nikolai Lvovich, and Muhammad Ali Butt. "One-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide based on SOI platform for transverse magnetic polarization-maintaining devices." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i3.1044.
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In this letter, a TM-polarization C-band pass one-dimensional photonic crystal strip waveguide (1D-PCSW) is presented. The waveguide structure is based on a silicon-on-insulator platform which is easy to realize using standard CMOS technology. The numerical study is conducted via 3D-finite element method (FEM). The transmittance and polarization extinction ratio (PER) is enhanced by optimizing the geometric parameters of the device. As a result, a TM polarized light can travel in the waveguide with ~2 dB loss for all C-band telecommunication wavelength window whereas the TE polarized light suffers a high transmission loss of >30 dB. As a result, a PER of ~28.5 dB can be obtained for the whole C-band wavelengths range. The total length of the proposed device is around 8.4 µm long including 1 µm silicon strip waveguide segment on both ends. Based on our study presented in this paper, several photonic devices can be realized where strict polarization filtering is required. Full Text: PDF ReferencesB. Wang, S. Blaize, R.S-Montiel, "Nanoscale plasmonic TM-pass polarizer integrated on silicon photonics", Nanoscale, 11, 20685 (2019). CrossRef D. Dai, J.E. Bowers, "Silicon-based on-chip multiplexing technologies and devices for Peta-bit optical interconnects", Nanophotonics, 3, 283 (2014). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Optical elements based on silicon photonics", Computer Optics, 43, 1079 (2019). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Compact design of a polarization beam splitter based on silicon-on-insulator platform", Laser Physics, 28, 116202 (2018). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "A T-shaped 1 × 8 balanced optical power splitter based on 90° bend asymmetric vertical slot waveguides", Laser Physics, 29, 046207 (2019). CrossRef Q. Wang, S.-T. Ho, "Ultracompact TM-Pass Silicon Nanophotonic Waveguide Polarizer and Design", IEEE Photonics J., 2, 49 (2010). CrossRef C.-H. Chen, L. Pang, C.-H. Tsai, U. Levy, Y. Fainman, "Compact and integrated TM-pass waveguide polarizer", Opt. Express, 13, 5347 (2005). CrossRef S. Yuan, Y. Wang, Q. Huang, J. Xia, J. Yu, "Ultracompact TM-pass/TE-reflected integrated polarizer based on a hybrid plasmonic waveguide for silicon photonics", in 11th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) (IEEE, 2014), pp. 183-184. CrossRef X. Guan, P. Chen, S. Chen, P. Xu, Y. Shi, D. Dai, "Low-loss ultracompact transverse-magnetic-pass polarizer with a silicon subwavelength grating waveguide", Opt. Lett., 39, 4514 (2014). CrossRef A.E.- S. Abd-Elkader, M.F. O. Hameed, N.F. Areed, H.E.-D. Mostafa, and S.S. Obayya, "Ultracompact AZO-based TE-pass and TM-pass hybrid plasmonic polarizers", J.Opt. Soc. Am. B., 36, 652 (2019). CrossRef J. Li et al., "Photonic Crystal Waveguide Electro-Optic Modulator With a Wide Bandwidth", Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31, 1601-1607 (2013). CrossRef N. Skivesen et al., "Photonic-crystal waveguide biosensor", Optics Express, 15, 3169-3176 (2007). CrossRef S. Lin, J. Hu, L. Kimerling, K. Crozier, "Design of nanoslotted photonic crystal waveguide cavities for single nanoparticle trapping and detection", Optics Letters, 34, 3451-3453 (2009). CrossRef T. Liu, A.R. Zakharian, M. Fallahi, J.V. Moloney, M. Mansuripur, "Design of a compact photonic-crystal-based polarizing beam splitter", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17, 1435-1437 (2005). CrossRef R. K. Sinha, Y. Kalra, "Design of optical waveguide polarizer using photonic band gap", Optics Express, 14, 10790 (2006). CrossRef
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Avouris, Phaedon, and Richard Martel. "Progress in Carbon Nanotube Electronics and Photonics." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 4 (April 2010): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.553.
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AbstractIn electronics and photonics, intrinsic properties of semiconducting materials play a dominant role in achieving high-performance devices and circuits. In this respect, carbon nanotubes are prime candidates because of their exceptionally high carrier mobility, low capacitance, and strong optical response (direct bandgap). Although these properties compare very favorably with those of crystalline silicon, several issues related to their synthesis, processing, and assembly have challenged efforts for making electronic and photonic devices. Tremendous progress, nevertheless, has been achieved over the years, and much has been learned from novel photonic devices and electronic circuits. We review some of the developments in nanotube transistor performance optimization, ac operation, nanotube circuits, self-assembly, thin-film devices, and nanotube optical devices such as light emitters and detectors. We also examine the issues and opportunities that still exist.
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Kazanskiy, Nikolay L., Svetlana N. Khonina, and Muhammad A. Butt. "A Review of Photonic Sensors Based on Ring Resonator Structures: Three Widely Used Platforms and Implications of Sensing Applications." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (May 20, 2023): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14051080.
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Optical ring resonators (RRs) are a novel sensing device that has recently been developed for several sensing applications. In this review, RR structures based on three widely explored platforms, namely silicon-on-insulator (SOI), polymers, and plasmonics, are reviewed. The adaptability of these platforms allows for compatibility with different fabrication processes and integration with other photonic components, providing flexibility in designing and implementing various photonic devices and systems. Optical RRs are typically small, making them suitable for integration into compact photonic circuits. Their compactness allows for high device density and integration with other optical components, enabling complex and multifunctional photonic systems. RR devices realized on the plasmonic platform are highly attractive, as they offer extremely high sensitivity and a small footprint. However, the biggest challenge to overcome is the high fabrication demand related to such nanoscale devices, which limits their commercialization.
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Zhang, Chunhuan, Haiyun Dong, Chuang Zhang, Yuqing Fan, Jiannian Yao, and Yong Sheng Zhao. "Photonic skins based on flexible organic microlaser arrays." Science Advances 7, no. 31 (July 2021): eabh3530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abh3530.
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Flexible photonics is rapidly emerging as a promising platform for artificial smart skins to imitate or extend the capabilities of human skins. Organic material systems provide a promising avenue to directly fabricate large-scale flexible device units; however, the versatile fabrication of all-organic integrated devices with desired photonic functionalities remains a great challenge. Here, we develop an effective technique for the mass processing of organic microlaser arrays, which act as sensing units, on the chip of photonic skins. With a bilayer electron-beam direct writing method, we fabricated flexible mechanical sensor networks composed of coupled-cavity single-mode laser sources on pliable polymer substrates. These microlaser-based mechanical sensor chips were subsequently used to recognize hand gestures, showing great potential for artificial skin applications. This work represents a substantial advance toward scalable construction of high-performance and low-cost flexible photonic chips, thus paving the way for the implementation of smart photonic skins into practical applications.
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Lin, Shawn-Yu, J. G. Fleming, and E. Chow. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Built with VLSI Tools." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.157.
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The drive toward miniature photonic devices has been hindered by our inability to tightly control and manipulate light. Moreover, photonics technologies are typically not based on silicon and, until recently, only indirectly benefited from the rapid advances being made in silicon processing technology. In the first part of this article, the successful fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals using silicon processing will be discussed. This advance has been made possible through the use of integrated-circuit (IC) fabrication technologies (e.g., very largescale integration, VLSI) and may enable the penetration of Si processing into photonics. In the second part, we describe the creation of 2D photonic-crystal slabs operating at the λ = 1.55 μm communications wavelength. This class of 2D photonic crystals is particularly promising for planar on-chip guiding, trapping, and switching of light.
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Yu, Su-Peng, Juan A. Muniz, Chen-Lung Hung, and H. J. Kimble. "Two-dimensional photonic crystals for engineering atom–light interactions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 12, 2019): 12743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1822110116.
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We present a 2D photonic crystal system for interacting with cold cesium (Cs) atoms. The band structures of the 2D photonic crystals are predicted to produce unconventional atom–light interaction behaviors, including anisotropic emission, suppressed spontaneous decay, and photon-mediated atom–atom interactions controlled by the position of the atomic array relative to the photonic crystal. An optical conveyor technique is presented for continuously loading atoms into the desired trapping positions with optimal coupling to the photonic crystal. The device configuration also enables application of optical tweezers for controlled placement of atoms. Devices can be fabricated reliably from a 200-nm silicon nitride device layer using a lithography-based process, producing predicted optical properties in transmission and reflection measurements. These 2D photonic crystal devices can be readily deployed to experiments for many-body physics with neutral atoms and engineering of exotic quantum matter.
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Li, Tiantian, Yijie Li, Yuteng Wang, Yuxin Liu, Yumeng Liu, Zhan Wang, Ruixia Miao, Dongdong Han, Zhanqiang Hui, and Wei Li. "Neuromorphic Photonics Based on Phase Change Materials." Nanomaterials 13, no. 11 (May 29, 2023): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13111756.
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Neuromorphic photonics devices based on phase change materials (PCMs) and silicon photonics technology have emerged as promising solutions for addressing the limitations of traditional spiking neural networks in terms of scalability, response delay, and energy consumption. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of various PCMs used in neuromorphic devices, comparing their optical properties and discussing their applications. We explore materials such as GST (Ge2Sb2Te5), GeTe-Sb2Te3, GSST (Ge2Sb2Se4Te1), Sb2S3/Sb2Se3, Sc0.2Sb2Te3 (SST), and In2Se3, highlighting their advantages and challenges in terms of erasure power consumption, response rate, material lifetime, and on-chip insertion loss. By investigating the integration of different PCMs with silicon-based optoelectronics, this review aims to identify potential breakthroughs in computational performance and scalability of photonic spiking neural networks. Further research and development are essential to optimize these materials and overcome their limitations, paving the way for more efficient and high-performance photonic neuromorphic devices in artificial intelligence and high-performance computing applications.
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Wang, Zhanwen, Jingwei Wang, Lida Liu, and Yuntian Chen. "Rotational Bloch Boundary Conditions and the Finite-Element Implementation in Photonic Devices." Photonics 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2023): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10060691.
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This article described the implementation of rotational Bloch boundary conditions in photonic devices using the finite element method (FEM). For the electromagnetic analysis of periodic structures, FEM and Bloch boundary conditions are now widely used. The vast majority of recent research, however, focused on applying Bloch boundary conditions to periodic optical systems with translational symmetry. Our research focused on a flexible numerical method that may be applied to the mode analysis of any photonic device with discrete rotational symmetry. By including the Bloch rotational boundary conditions into FEM, we were able to limit the computational domain to the original one periodic unit, thus enhancing computational speed and decreasing memory consumption. When combined with the finite-element method, rotational Bloch boundary conditions will give a potent tool for the mode analysis of photonic devices with complicated structures and rotational symmetry. In the meantime, the degenerated modes we calculated were consistent with group theory. Overall, this study expands the numerical tools of studying rotational photonic devices, and has useful applications in the study and design of optical fibers, sensors, and other photonic devices.
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Spagnolo, Michele, Joshua Morris, Simone Piacentini, Michael Antesberger, Francesco Massa, Andrea Crespi, Francesco Ceccarelli, Roberto Osellame, and Philip Walther. "Experimental photonic quantum memristor." Nature Photonics 16, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-022-00973-5.
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AbstractMemristive devices are a class of physical systems with history-dependent dynamics characterized by signature hysteresis loops in their input–output relations. In the past few decades, memristive devices have attracted enormous interest in electronics. This is because memristive dynamics is very pervasive in nanoscale devices, and has potentially groundbreaking applications ranging from energy-efficient memories to physical neural networks and neuromorphic computing platforms. Recently, the concept of a quantum memristor was introduced by a few proposals, all of which face limited technological practicality. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel quantum-optical memristor (based on integrated photonics) that acts on single-photon states. We fully characterize the memristive dynamics of our device and tomographically reconstruct its quantum output state. Finally, we propose a possible application of our device in the framework of quantum machine learning through a scheme of quantum reservoir computing, which we apply to classical and quantum learning tasks. Our simulations show promising results, and may break new ground towards the use of quantum memristors in quantum neuromorphic architectures.
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Carroll, Lee, Jun-Su Lee, Carmelo Scarcella, Kamil Gradkowski, Matthieu Duperron, Huihui Lu, Yan Zhao, et al. "Photonic Packaging: Transforming Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits into Photonic Devices." Applied Sciences 6, no. 12 (December 15, 2016): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app6120426.
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Yin, Yanlong, Jiang Li, Yang Xu, Hon Ki Tsang, and Daoxin Dai. "Silicon-graphene photonic devices." Journal of Semiconductors 39, no. 6 (May 29, 2018): 061009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/39/6/061009.
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Graydon, Oliver. "Fast photonic crystal devices." Nature Photonics 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2014): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.300.
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