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1
Wu, Xiaozhong, and Qinglei Guo. "Bioresorbable Photonics: Materials, Devices and Applications." Photonics 8, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070235.
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Bio-photonic devices that utilize the interaction between light and biological substances have been emerging as an important tool for clinical diagnosis and/or therapy. At the same time, implanted biodegradable photonic devices can be disintegrated and resorbed after a predefined operational period, thus avoiding the risk and cost associated with the secondary surgical extraction. In this paper, the recent progress on biodegradable photonics is reviewed, with a focus on material strategies, device architectures and their biomedical applications. We begin with a brief introduction of biodegradable photonics, followed by the material strategies for constructing biodegradable photonic devices. Then, various types of biodegradable photonic devices with different functionalities are described. After that, several demonstration examples for applications in intracranial pressure monitoring, biochemical sensing and drug delivery are presented, revealing the great potential of biodegradable photonics in the monitoring of human health status and the treatment of human diseases. We then conclude with the summary of this field, as well as current challenges and possible future directions.
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Wada, Kazumi. "A New Approach of Electronics and Photonics Convergence on Si CMOS Platform: How to Reduce Device Diversity of Photonics for Integration." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (July 7, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/807457.
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Integrated photonics via Si CMOS technology has been a strategic area since electronics and photonics convergence should be the next platform for information technology. The platform is recently referred to as “Si photonics” that attracts much interest of researchers in industries as well as academia in the world. The main goal of Si Photonics is currently to reduce material diversity of photonic devices to pursuing CMOS-compatibility. In contrast, the present paper proposes another route of Si Photonics, reducing diversity of photonic devices. The proposed device unifying functionality of photonics is a microresonator with a pin diode structure that enables the Purcell effect and Franz-Keldysh effect to emit and to modulate light from SiGe alloys.
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Dong, Po, Young-Kai Chen, Guang-Hua Duan, and David T. Neilson. "Silicon photonic devices and integrated circuits." Nanophotonics 3, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2014): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0023.
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AbstractSilicon photonic devices and integrated circuits have undergone rapid and significant progresses during the last decade, transitioning from research topics in universities to product development in corporations. Silicon photonics is anticipated to be a disruptive optical technology for data communications, with applications such as intra-chip interconnects, short-reach communications in datacenters and supercomputers, and long-haul optical transmissions. Bell Labs, as the research organization of Alcatel-Lucent, a network system vendor, has an optimal position to identify the full potential of silicon photonics both in the applications and in its technical merits. Additionally it has demonstrated novel and improved high-performance optical devices, and implemented multi-function photonic integrated circuits to fulfill various communication applications. In this paper, we review our silicon photonic programs and main achievements during recent years. For devices, we review high-performance single-drive push-pull silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators, hybrid silicon/III-V lasers and silicon nitride-assisted polarization rotators. For photonic circuits, we review silicon/silicon nitride integration platforms to implement wavelength-division multiplexing receivers and transmitters. In addition, we show silicon photonic circuits are well suited for dual-polarization optical coherent transmitters and receivers, geared for advanced modulation formats. We also discuss various applications in the field of communication which may benefit from implementation in silicon photonics.
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Li, Jiang, Chaoyue Liu, Haitao Chen, Jingshu Guo, Ming Zhang, and Daoxin Dai. "Hybrid silicon photonic devices with two-dimensional materials." Nanophotonics 9, no. 8 (May 14, 2020): 2295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0093.
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AbstractSilicon photonics is becoming more and more attractive in the applications of optical interconnections, optical computing, and optical sensing. Although various silicon photonic devices have been developed rapidly, it is still not easy to realize active photonic devices and circuits with silicon alone due to the intrinsic limitations of silicon. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attentions due to their unique properties in electronics and photonics. 2D materials can be easily transferred onto silicon and thus provide a promising approach for realizing active photonic devices on silicon. In this paper, we give a review on recent progresses towards hybrid silicon photonics devices with 2D materials, including two parts. One is silicon-based photodetectors with 2D materials for the wavelength-bands from ultraviolet (UV) to mid-infrared (MIR). The other is silicon photonic switches/modulators with 2D materials, including high-speed electro-optical modulators, high-efficiency thermal-optical switches and low-threshold all-optical modulators, etc. These hybrid silicon photonic devices with 2D materials devices provide an alternative way for the realization of multifunctional silicon photonic integrated circuits in the future.
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Li, Chenlei, Dajian Liu, and Daoxin Dai. "Multimode silicon photonics." Nanophotonics 8, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0161.
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AbstractMultimode silicon photonics is attracting more and more attention because the introduction of higher-order modes makes it possible to increase the channel number for data transmission in mode-division-multiplexed (MDM) systems as well as improve the flexibility of device designs. On the other hand, the design of multimode silicon photonic devices becomes very different compared with the traditional case with the fundamental mode only. Since not only the fundamental mode but also the higher-order modes are involved, one of the most important things for multimode silicon photonics is the realization of effective mode manipulation, which is not difficult, fortunately because the mode dispersion in multimode silicon optical waveguide is very strong. Great progresses have been achieved on multimode silicon photonics in the past years. In this paper, a review of the recent progresses of the representative multimode silicon photonic devices and circuits is given. The first part reviews multimode silicon photonics for MDM systems, including on-chip multichannel mode (de)multiplexers, multimode waveguide bends, multimode waveguide crossings, reconfigurable multimode silicon photonic integrated circuits, multimode chip-fiber couplers, etc. In the second part, we give a discussion about the higher-order mode-assisted silicon photonic devices, including on-chip polarization-handling devices with higher-order modes, add-drop optical filters based on multimode Bragg gratings, and some emerging applications.
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Du, Qingyang. "High energy radiation damage on silicon photonic devices: a review." Optical Materials Express 13, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.476935.
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The past decade has witnessed the fast development of silicon photonics. Their superior performance compared with the electronic counterpart has made the silicon photonic device an excellent candidate for data communication, sensing, and computation. Most recently, there has been growing interest in implementing these devices in radiation harsh environments, such as nuclear reactors and outer space, where significant doses of high energy irradiation are present. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to fill in the “knowledge gap” of radiation induced damage in silicon photonic devices and provide mitigation solutions to fulfill the device endurance requirement. In this review, we introduce the damage mechanism and provide a survey on radiation induced effects on silicon photonic devices, including lasers, modulators, detectors, and passive waveguides. Finally, the mitigation strategies are discussed.
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Zhang, Chuang, Chang-Ling Zou, Yan Zhao, Chun-Hua Dong, Cong Wei, Hanlin Wang, Yunqi Liu, Guang-Can Guo, Jiannian Yao, and Yong Sheng Zhao. "Organic printed photonics: From microring lasers to integrated circuits." Science Advances 1, no. 8 (September 2015): e1500257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500257.
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A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is the optical analogy of an electronic loop in which photons are signal carriers with high transport speed and parallel processing capability. Besides the most frequently demonstrated silicon-based circuits, PICs require a variety of materials for light generation, processing, modulation, and detection. With their diversity and flexibility, organic molecular materials provide an alternative platform for photonics; however, the versatile fabrication of organic integrated circuits with the desired photonic performance remains a big challenge. The rapid development of flexible electronics has shown that a solution printing technique has considerable potential for the large-scale fabrication and integration of microsized/nanosized devices. We propose the idea of soft photonics and demonstrate the function-directed fabrication of high-quality organic photonic devices and circuits. We prepared size-tunable and reproducible polymer microring resonators on a wafer-scale transparent and flexible chip using a solution printing technique. The printed optical resonator showed a quality (Q) factor higher than 4 × 105, which is comparable to that of silicon-based resonators. The high material compatibility of this printed photonic chip enabled us to realize low-threshold microlasers by doping organic functional molecules into a typical photonic device. On an identical chip, this construction strategy allowed us to design a complex assembly of one-dimensional waveguide and resonator components for light signal filtering and optical storage toward the large-scale on-chip integration of microscopic photonic units. Thus, we have developed a scheme for soft photonic integration that may motivate further studies on organic photonic materials and devices.
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Fehler, Konstantin G., Anna P. Ovvyan, Lukas Antoniuk, Niklas Lettner, Nico Gruhler, Valery A. Davydov, Viatcheslav N. Agafonov, Wolfram H. P. Pernice, and Alexander Kubanek. "Purcell-enhanced emission from individual SiV− center in nanodiamonds coupled to a Si3N4-based, photonic crystal cavity." Nanophotonics 9, no. 11 (July 10, 2020): 3655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0257.
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AbstractHybrid quantum photonics combines classical photonics with quantum emitters in a postprocessing step. It facilitates to link ideal quantum light sources to optimized photonic platforms. Optical cavities enable to harness the Purcell-effect boosting the device efficiency. Here, we postprocess a free-standing, crossed-waveguide photonic crystal cavity based on Si3N4 with SiV− center in nanodiamonds. We develop a routine that optimizes the overlap with the cavity electric field utilizing atomic force microscope (AFM) nanomanipulation to attain control of spatial and dipole alignment. Temperature tuning further gives access to the spectral emitter-cavity overlap. After a few optimization cycles, we resolve the fine-structure of individual SiV− centers and achieve a Purcell enhancement of more than 4 on individual optical transitions, meaning that four out of five spontaneously emitted photons are channeled into the photonic device. Our work opens up new avenues to construct efficient quantum photonic devices.
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Asano, Takashi, and Susumu Noda. "Photonic Crystal Devices in Silicon Photonics." Proceedings of the IEEE 106, no. 12 (December 2018): 2183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2018.2853197.
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Golovastikov, N. V., S. P. Dorozhkin, and V. A. Soife. "Intelligent systems based on photonics." Ontology of Designing 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2223-9537-2021-11-4-422-436.
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This paper discusses the prospects of photonics, shows the relevance and applicability of photonics research. The poten-tial of photonics technologies to answer the socio-economic challenges of the digital transformation age is revealed. Opportunities that emerge with the introduction of photonic devices to various technical systems designed for environ-mental protection and quality of life improvement are demonstrated. Concrete photonics structures and devices for such key applications as spectroscopy, analog optical calculations, and optical neural networks are closely examined. Possi-ble applications for photonic sensors and new type spectrometers are outlined, their competitive advantages explored. Various geometries of extra fine compact photonic spectrometers are presented: based on digital planar diagrams, inte-grated into the photonic waveguides, metasurfaces, diffraction gratings with varying parameters. The benefits of analog optical computations against conventional electronic devices are discussed. Various nanophotonic structures designed for differential and integral operators are studied, solutions for edge detection are proposed. The concept for artificial intelligence implementation on the photonics platform using optical neural networks is analyzed. Various solutions are examined: containing sequences of diffraction elements and based on Huygens–Fresnel principle, as well as planar structures comprised of waveguides that interact as Mach–Zehnder interferometer. SPIE estimation of the international photonics market proposes that the peak of interest for this field is yet to be achieved and photonics will claim its place in the future technological landscape.
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Ji, Zitao, Jianfeng Chen, and Zhi-Yuan Li. "Perspective: Antichiral magnetic topological photonics." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 14 (April 14, 2023): 140901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144864.
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Topological photonics has recently opened up a promising frontier for electromagnetic wave and light manipulation and has made great progress from unique physical concepts to novel practical photonic devices. Numerous works have discussed the realizations of chiral topological photonic states in magnetic photonic crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry; however, limited reports have been discussed to the achievements of antichiral topological photonic states. In this Perspective, we review recent progress in antichiral topological photonic states in magnetic photonic systems for the basic concepts, properties, and applications. Additionally, we provide an outlook for emerging frontier topics, promising opportunities, fundamental challenges, and potential applications for antichiral magnetic topological photonics.
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Prete, Domenic, Francesco Amanti, Greta Andrini, Fabrizio Armani, Vittorio Bellani, Vincenzo Bonaiuto, Simone Cammarata, et al. "Hybrid Integrated Silicon Photonics Based on Nanomaterials." Photonics 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2024): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050418.
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Integrated photonic platforms have rapidly emerged as highly promising and extensively investigated systems for advancing classical and quantum information technologies, since their ability to seamlessly integrate photonic components within the telecommunication band with existing silicon-based industrial processes offers significant advantages. However, despite this integration facilitating the development of novel devices, fostering fast and reliable communication protocols and the manipulation of quantum information, traditional integrated silicon photonics faces inherent physical limitations that necessitate a challenging trade-off between device efficiency and spatial footprint. To address this issue, researchers are focusing on the integration of nanoscale materials into photonic platforms, offering a novel approach to enhance device performance while reducing spatial requirements. These developments are of paramount importance in both classical and quantum information technologies, potentially revolutionizing the industry. In this review, we explore the latest endeavors in hybrid photonic platforms leveraging the combination of integrated silicon photonic platforms and nanoscale materials, allowing for the unlocking of increased device efficiency and compact form factors. Finally, we provide insights into future developments and the evolving landscape of hybrid integrated photonic nanomaterial platforms.
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Park, Hyundai, Alexander W. Fang, Di Liang, Ying-Hao Kuo, Hsu-Hao Chang, Brian R. Koch, Hui-Wen Chen, Matthew N. Sysak, Richard Jones, and John E. Bowers. "Photonic Integration on the Hybrid Silicon Evanescent Device Platform." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (June 9, 2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/682978.
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This paper reviews the recent progress of hybrid silicon evanescent devices. The hybrid silicon evanescent device structure consists of III-V epitaxial layers transferred to silicon waveguides through a low-temperature wafer bonding process to achieve optical gain, absorption, and modulation efficiently on a silicon photonics platform. The low-temperature wafer bonding process enables fusion of two different material systems without degradation of material quality and is scalable to wafer-level bonding. Lasers, amplifiers, photodetectors, and modulators have been demonstrated with this hybrid structure and integration of these individual components for improved optical functionality is also presented. This approach provides a unique way to build photonic active devices on silicon and should allow application of silicon photonic integrated circuits to optical telecommunication and optical interconnects.
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Chigrinov, Vladimir, Jiatong Sun, and Xiaoqian Wang. "Photoaligning and Photopatterning: New LC Technology." Crystals 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040323.
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We demonstrate a physical model of photoalignment and photopatterning based on rotational diffusion in solid azo-dye nanolayers. We also highlight the new applications of photoalignment and photopatterning in display and photonics such as: (i) liquid crystal (LC) E-paper devices, including optically rewritable LC E-paper on flexible substrates as 3D E-paper, as well as optically rewritable technology for photonics devices; (ii) photonics LC devices, such as LC Switches, polarization controllers and polarization rotators, variable optical attenuators, LC filled photonic crystal fiber, switchable diffraction grating; (iii) patterned micro-polarizer array using photo-alignment technology for image sensor; (iv) electrically tunable liquid crystal q-plates; (v) electrically switchable liquid crystal Fresnel lens; (vi) liquid crystal optical elements with integrated Pancharatnam-Berry phases. We are sure, that in the field of (LC), the main point is no longer display research, but new photonic applications of LC are emerging in telecommunication, fiber optical communication systems, sensors, switchable lenses, LC light converters and other LC photonics devices.
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Kazanskiy, Nikolay L., Svetlana N. Khonina, and Muhammad A. Butt. "Advancement in Silicon Integrated Photonics Technologies for Sensing Applications in Near-Infrared and Mid-Infrared Region: A Review." Photonics 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050331.
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Exploration and implementation of silicon (Si) photonics has surged in recent years since both photonic component performance and photonic integration complexity have considerably improved. It supports a wide range of datacom and telecom applications, as well as sensors, including light detection and ranging, gyroscopes, biosensors, and spectrometers. The advantages of low-loss Si WGs with compact size and excellent uniformity, resulting from the high quality and maturity of the Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) environment, are major drivers for using Si in photonics. Moreover, it has a high refractive index and a reasonably large mid-infrared (MIR) transparency window, up to roughly 7 μm wavelength, making it beneficial as a passive mid-IR optical material. Several gases and compounds with high absorption properties in the MIR spectral region are of prodigious curiosity for industrial, medicinal, and environmental applications. In comparison to current bulky systems, the implementation of Si photonics devices in this wavelength range might allow inexpensive and small optical sensing devices with greater sensitivity (S), power usage, and mobility. In this review, recent advances in Si integrated photonic sensors working in both near-infrared (NIR) and MIR wavelength ranges are discussed. We believe that this paper will be valuable for the scientific community working on Si photonic sensing devices.
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Ferreira de Lima, Thomas, Bhavin J. Shastri, Alexander N. Tait, Mitchell A. Nahmias, and Paul R. Prucnal. "Progress in neuromorphic photonics." Nanophotonics 6, no. 3 (March 11, 2017): 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0139.
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AbstractAs society’s appetite for information continues to grow, so does our need to process this information with increasing speed and versatility. Many believe that the one-size-fits-all solution of digital electronics is becoming a limiting factor in certain areas such as data links, cognitive radio, and ultrafast control. Analog photonic devices have found relatively simple signal processing niches where electronics can no longer provide sufficient speed and reconfigurability. Recently, the landscape for commercially manufacturable photonic chips has been changing rapidly and now promises to achieve economies of scale previously enjoyed solely by microelectronics. By bridging the mathematical prowess of artificial neural networks to the underlying physics of optoelectronic devices, neuromorphic photonics could breach new domains of information processing demanding significant complexity, low cost, and unmatched speed. In this article, we review the progress in neuromorphic photonics, focusing on photonic integrated devices. The challenges and design rules for optoelectronic instantiation of artificial neurons are presented. The proposed photonic architecture revolves around the processing network node composed of two parts: a nonlinear element and a network interface. We then survey excitable lasers in the recent literature as candidates for the nonlinear node and microring-resonator weight banks as the network interface. Finally, we compare metrics between neuromorphic electronics and neuromorphic photonics and discuss potential applications.
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Liu, Meng, Zhi-Wei Wei, Ai-Ping Luo, Wen-Cheng Xu, and Zhi-Chao Luo. "Recent progress on applications of 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices in pulse shaping and all-optical signal processing." Nanophotonics 9, no. 9 (July 8, 2020): 2641–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0564.
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AbstractDue to the exotic electronic and optical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, graphitic carbon nitride, metal-organic frameworks, and so on, have attracted enormous interest in the scientific communities dealing with electronics and photonics. Combing the 2D materials with the microfiber, the 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices could be assembled. They offer the advantages of a high nonlinear effect, all fiber structure, high damage threshold, and so on, which play important roles in fields of pulse shaping and all-optical signal processing. In this review, first, we introduce the fabrication methods of 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices. Then the pulse generation and the nonlinear soliton dynamics based on pulse shaping method in fiber lasers and all-optical signal processing based on 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices, such as optical modulator and wavelength converter, are summarized, respectively. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the future development of 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices are given. It is believed that 2D material-decorated microfiber photonic devices will develop rapidly and open new opportunities in the related fields.
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Kumar, Abhishek, Ankur Solanki, Manukumara Manjappa, Sankaran Ramesh, Yogesh Kumar Srivastava, Piyush Agarwal, Tze Chien Sum, and Ranjan Singh. "Excitons in 2D perovskites for ultrafast terahertz photonic devices." Science Advances 6, no. 8 (February 2020): eaax8821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax8821.
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In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for environmentally stable solar cells, highly efficient light-emitting diodes, and resistive memory devices. The remarkable existence of self-assembled quantum well (QW) structures in solution-processed 2D perovskites offers a diverse range of optoelectronic properties, which remain largely unexplored. Here, we experimentally observe ultrafast relaxation of free carriers in 20 ps due to the quantum confinement of free carriers in a self-assembled QW structures that form excitons. Furthermore, hybridizing the 2D perovskites with metamaterials on a rigid and a flexible substrate enables modulation of terahertz fields at 50-GHz modulating speed, which is the fastest for a solution-processed semiconductor-based photonic device. Hence, an exciton-based ultrafast response of 2D perovskites opens up large avenues for a wide range of scalable dynamic photonic devices with potential applications in flexible photonics, ultrafast wavefront control, and short-range wireless terahertz communications.
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Maram, Reza, Saket Kaushal, José Azaña, and Lawrence Chen. "Recent Trends and Advances of Silicon-Based Integrated Microwave Photonics." Photonics 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6010013.
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Multitude applications of photonic devices and technologies for the generation and manipulation of arbitrary and random microwave waveforms, at unprecedented processing speeds, have been proposed in the literature over the past three decades. This class of photonic applications for microwave engineering is known as microwave photonics (MWP). The vast capabilities of MWP have allowed the realization of key functionalities which are either highly complex or simply not possible in the microwave domain alone. Recently, this growing field has adopted the integrated photonics technologies to develop microwave photonic systems with enhanced robustness as well as with a significant reduction of size, cost, weight, and power consumption. In particular, silicon photonics technology is of great interest for this aim as it offers outstanding possibilities for integration of highly-complex active and passive photonic devices, permitting monolithic integration of MWP with high-speed silicon electronics. In this article, we present a review of recent work on MWP functions developed on the silicon platform. We particularly focus on newly reported designs for signal modulation, arbitrary waveform generation, filtering, true-time delay, phase shifting, beam steering, and frequency measurement.
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Udoisoh, Moses G., and Rick Odumegwu Onyemere. "Machine Learning-Driven Optimization of Quantum Dot Superlattices for Enhanced Photonic Properties." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 5 (September 1, 2024): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2024.2(5).13.
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Quantum dot (QD) superlattices are promising materials for optoelectronic devices, but optimizing their photonic properties remains a complex challenge. We developed a machine learning (ML)-driven optimization framework to predict and optimize key photonic properties of QD superlattices. Our approach combines quantum mechanical models with ML algorithms to forecast the behavior of QD structures based on their physical parameters. We trained a neural network model on a dataset of 1000 simulated QD configurations, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.05 eV for photonic bandgap frequency and 10 nm for emission wavelength. Optimization results showed significant improvements in optical efficiency (up to 25%) and photonic bandgap (up to 15%) across a range of QD configurations. Sensitivity analysis revealed that lattice constant and inter-dot spacing are the primary drivers of variability in the photonic bandgap. Our findings demonstrate the potential of ML-driven optimization for designing high-performance QD-based devices, with implications for optoelectronics, photonics, and energy conversion systems. This study provides a scalable methodology for optimizing nanomaterials, enabling the rapid design and deployment of next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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Abbate, G., and J. M. Otón. "Liquid Crystal-Based Photonic Devices: LC Photonet." Advanced Materials 12, no. 6 (March 2000): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(200003)12:6<459::aid-adma459>3.0.co;2-x.
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Leon-Saval, Sergio G., Alexander Argyros, and Joss Bland-Hawthorn. "Photonic lanterns." Nanophotonics 2, no. 5-6 (December 16, 2013): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0035.
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AbstractMultimode optical fibers have been primarily (and almost solely) used as “light pipes” in short distance telecommunications and in remote and astronomical spectroscopy. The modal properties of the multimode waveguides are rarely exploited and mostly discussed in the context of guiding light. Until recently, most photonic applications in the applied sciences have arisen from developments in telecommunications. However, the photonic lantern is one of several devices that arose to solve problems in astrophotonics and space photonics. Interestingly, these devices are now being explored for use in telecommunications and are likely to find commercial use in the next few years, particularly in the development of compact spectrographs. Photonic lanterns allow for a low-loss transformation of a multimode waveguide into a discrete number of single-mode waveguides and vice versa, thus enabling the use of single-mode photonic technologies in multimode systems. In this review, we will discuss the theory and function of the photonic lantern, along with several different variants of the technology. We will also discuss some of its applications in more detail. Furthermore, we foreshadow future applications of this technology to the field of nanophotonics.
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Shankar, Raji, and Marko Lončar. "Silicon photonic devices for mid-infrared applications." Nanophotonics 3, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2014): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0027.
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AbstractThe mid-infrared (IR) wavelength region (2–20 µm) is of great interest for a number of applications, including trace gas sensing, thermal imaging, and free-space communications. Recently, there has been significant progress in developing a mid-IR photonics platform in Si, which is highly transparent in the mid-IR, due to the ease of fabrication and CMOS compatibility provided by the Si platform. Here, we discuss our group’s recent contributions to the field of silicon-based mid-IR photonics, including photonic crystal cavities in a Si membrane platform and grating-coupled high-quality factor ring resonators in a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) platform. Since experimental characterization of microphotonic devices is especially challenging at the mid-IR, we also review our mid-IR characterization techniques in some detail. Additionally, pre- and post-processing techniques for improving device performance, such as resist reflow, Piranha clean/HF dip cycling, and annealing are discussed.
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Lin, Hongtao, Zhengqian Luo, Tian Gu, Lionel C. Kimerling, Kazumi Wada, Anu Agarwal, and Juejun Hu. "Mid-infrared integrated photonics on silicon: a perspective." Nanophotonics 7, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 393–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0085.
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AbstractThe emergence of silicon photonics over the past two decades has established silicon as a preferred substrate platform for photonic integration. While most silicon-based photonic components have so far been realized in the near-infrared (near-IR) telecommunication bands, the mid-infrared (mid-IR, 2–20-μm wavelength) band presents a significant growth opportunity for integrated photonics. In this review, we offer our perspective on the burgeoning field of mid-IR integrated photonics on silicon. A comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art of key photonic devices such as waveguides, light sources, modulators, and detectors is presented. Furthermore, on-chip spectroscopic chemical sensing is quantitatively analyzed as an example of mid-IR photonic system integration based on these basic building blocks, and the constituent component choices are discussed and contrasted in the context of system performance and integration technologies.
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Silberberg, Yaron. "Photonic switching devices." Optics News 15, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/on.15.2.000007.
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Kamenjicki, Marta, R. Kesavamoorthy, and Sanford A. Asher. "Photonic crystal devices." Ionics 10, no. 3-4 (May 2004): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02382822.
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Koyama, Fumio. "Photonic functional devices." Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan 45, no. 2 (1991): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej1978.45.183.
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Pustelny, Tadeusz. "The 13th conference on Integrated Optics - Sensors, Sensing Structures and Methods IOS'2018." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i1.807.
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The conference covers the topical areas of optics, optoelectronics and photonics in the following aspects: fundamental and applied research, physics and technical, materials, components and devices, circuits and systems, technological and design, construction and manufacturing of photonic devices and systems, and metrology.
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Yan, Siqi, Jeremy Adcock, and Yunhong Ding. "Graphene on Silicon Photonics: Light Modulation and Detection for Cutting-Edge Communication Technologies." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010313.
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Graphene—a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon in a single-layer honeycomb lattice nanostructure—has several distinctive optoelectronic properties that are highly desirable in advanced optical communication systems. Meanwhile, silicon photonics is a promising solution for the next-generation integrated photonics, owing to its low cost, low propagation loss and compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes. Unfortunately, silicon’s photodetection responsivity and operation bandwidth are intrinsically limited by its material characteristics. Graphene, with its extraordinary optoelectronic properties has been widely applied in silicon photonics to break this performance bottleneck, with significant progress reported. In this review, we focus on the application of graphene in high-performance silicon photonic devices, including modulators and photodetectors. Moreover, we explore the trend of development and discuss the future challenges of silicon-graphene hybrid photonic devices.
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Chen, Changming, Junyu Li, Chunxue Wang, Yingyan Huang, Daming Zhang, Zuosen Shi, Zhanchen Cui, Fei Yi, and Seng-Tiong Ho. "Study of an Integration Platform Based on an Adiabatic Active-Layer Waveguide Connection for InP Photonic Device Integration Mirroring That of Heterogeneous Integration on Silicon." Photonics 8, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100433.
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In this work, a photonic device integration platform capable of integration of active-passive InP-based photonic devices without the use of material regrowth is introduced. The platform makes use of an adiabatic active-layer waveguide connection (ALWC) to move an optical beam between active and passive devices. The performance of this platform is analyzed using an example made up of four main sections: (1) a fiber coupling section for enabling vertical beam coupling from optical fiber into the photonic chip using a mode-matched surface grating with apodized duty cycles; (2) a transparent waveguide section for realizing passive photonic devices; (3) an adiabatic mode connection structure for moving the optical beam between passive and active device sections; and (4) an active device section for realizing active photonic devices. It is shown that the coupled surface grating, when added with a bottom gold reflector, can achieve a high chip-to-fiber coupling efficiency (CE) of 88.3% at 1550 nm. The adiabatic active-layer mode connection structure has an optical loss of lower than 1% (CE > 99%). The active device section can achieve an optical gain of 20 dB/mm with the use of only 3 quantum wells. The optimized structural parameters of the entire waveguide module are analyzed and discussed.
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Wu, You, Chong Li, Xiaoyong Hu, Yutian Ao, Yifan Zhao, and Qihuang Gong. "Applications of Topological Photonics in Integrated Photonic Devices." Advanced Optical Materials 5, no. 18 (August 1, 2017): 1700357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201700357.
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Ma, Qijie, Guanghui Ren, Arnan Mitchell, and Jian Zhen Ou. "Recent advances on hybrid integration of 2D materials on integrated optics platforms." Nanophotonics 9, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 2191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0565.
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AbstractThe burgeoning research into two-dimensional (2D) materials opens a door to novel photonic and optoelectronic devices utilizing their fascinating electronic and photonic properties in thin-layered architectures. The hybrid integration of 2D materials onto integrated optics platforms thus becomes a potential solution to tackle the bottlenecks of traditional optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we present the recent advances of hybrid integration of a wide range of 2D materials on integrated optics platforms for developing high-performance photodetectors, modulators, lasers, and nonlinear optics. Such hybrid integration enables fully functional on-chip devices to be readily accessible researchers and technology developers, becoming a potential candidate for next-generation photonics and optoelectronics industries.
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Arianfard, Hamed, Saulius Juodkazis, David J. Moss, and Jiayang Wu. "Sagnac interference in integrated photonics." Applied Physics Reviews 10, no. 1 (March 2023): 011309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123236.
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As a fundamental optical approach to interferometry, Sagnac interference has been widely used for reflection manipulation, precision measurements, and spectral engineering in optical systems. Compared to other interferometry configurations, it offers attractive advantages by yielding a reduced system complexity without the need for phase control between different pathways, thus offering a high degree of stability against external disturbance and a low wavelength dependence. The advance of integration fabrication techniques has enabled chip-scale Sagnac interferometers with greatly reduced footprint and improved scalability compared to more conventional approaches implemented by spatial light or optical fiber devices. This facilitates a variety of integrated photonic devices with bidirectional light propagation, showing new features and capabilities compared to unidirectional-light-propagation devices, such as Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) and ring resonators (RRs). This paper reviews functional integrated photonic devices based on Sagnac interference. First, the basic theory of integrated Sagnac interference devices is introduced, together with comparisons to other integrated photonic building blocks, such as MZIs, RRs, photonic crystal cavities, and Bragg gratings. Next, the applications of Sagnac interference in integrated photonics, including reflection mirrors, optical gyroscopes, basic filters, wavelength (de)interleavers, optical analogues of quantum physics, and others, are systematically reviewed. Finally, the open challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Spector, Steven, and Cheryl Sorace-Agaskar. "Silicon photonics devices for integrated analog signal processing and sampling." Nanophotonics 3, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2014): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0036.
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AbstractSilicon photonics offers the possibility of a reduction in size weight and power for many optical systems, and could open up the ability to build optical systems with complexities that would otherwise be impossible to achieve. Silicon photonics is an emerging technology that has already been inserted into commercial communication products. This technology has also been applied to analog signal processing applications. MIT Lincoln Laboratory in collaboration with groups at MIT has developed a toolkit of silicon photonic devices with a focus on the needs of analog systems. This toolkit includes low-loss waveguides, a high-speed modulator, ring resonator based filter bank, and all-silicon photodiodes. The components are integrated together for a hybrid photonic and electronic analog-to-digital converter. The development and performance of these devices will be discussed. Additionally, the linear performance of these devices, which is important for analog systems, is also investigated.
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Butt, Muhammad A. "A Comprehensive Exploration of Contemporary Photonic Devices in Space Exploration: A Review." Photonics 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2024): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11090873.
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Photonics plays a pivotal role in propelling space exploration forward, providing innovative solutions to address the challenges presented by the unforgiving and expansive realm of outer space. Photonic-based devices, encompassing technologies such as lasers, optical fibers, and photodetectors, are instrumental in various aspects of space missions. A notable application is in communication systems, where optical communication facilitates high-speed data transfer, ensuring efficient transmission of information across vast interplanetary distances. This comprehensive review unveils a selection of the most extensively employed photonic devices within the realm of space exploration.
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Kazanskiy, Nikolai Lvovich, and Muhammad Ali Butt. "One-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide based on SOI platform for transverse magnetic polarization-maintaining devices." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i3.1044.
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In this letter, a TM-polarization C-band pass one-dimensional photonic crystal strip waveguide (1D-PCSW) is presented. The waveguide structure is based on a silicon-on-insulator platform which is easy to realize using standard CMOS technology. The numerical study is conducted via 3D-finite element method (FEM). The transmittance and polarization extinction ratio (PER) is enhanced by optimizing the geometric parameters of the device. As a result, a TM polarized light can travel in the waveguide with ~2 dB loss for all C-band telecommunication wavelength window whereas the TE polarized light suffers a high transmission loss of >30 dB. As a result, a PER of ~28.5 dB can be obtained for the whole C-band wavelengths range. The total length of the proposed device is around 8.4 µm long including 1 µm silicon strip waveguide segment on both ends. Based on our study presented in this paper, several photonic devices can be realized where strict polarization filtering is required. Full Text: PDF ReferencesB. Wang, S. Blaize, R.S-Montiel, "Nanoscale plasmonic TM-pass polarizer integrated on silicon photonics", Nanoscale, 11, 20685 (2019). CrossRef D. Dai, J.E. Bowers, "Silicon-based on-chip multiplexing technologies and devices for Peta-bit optical interconnects", Nanophotonics, 3, 283 (2014). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Optical elements based on silicon photonics", Computer Optics, 43, 1079 (2019). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "Compact design of a polarization beam splitter based on silicon-on-insulator platform", Laser Physics, 28, 116202 (2018). CrossRef M.A. Butt, S.N. Khonina, N.L. Kazanskiy, "A T-shaped 1 × 8 balanced optical power splitter based on 90° bend asymmetric vertical slot waveguides", Laser Physics, 29, 046207 (2019). CrossRef Q. Wang, S.-T. Ho, "Ultracompact TM-Pass Silicon Nanophotonic Waveguide Polarizer and Design", IEEE Photonics J., 2, 49 (2010). CrossRef C.-H. Chen, L. Pang, C.-H. Tsai, U. Levy, Y. Fainman, "Compact and integrated TM-pass waveguide polarizer", Opt. Express, 13, 5347 (2005). CrossRef S. Yuan, Y. Wang, Q. Huang, J. Xia, J. Yu, "Ultracompact TM-pass/TE-reflected integrated polarizer based on a hybrid plasmonic waveguide for silicon photonics", in 11th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) (IEEE, 2014), pp. 183-184. CrossRef X. Guan, P. Chen, S. Chen, P. Xu, Y. Shi, D. Dai, "Low-loss ultracompact transverse-magnetic-pass polarizer with a silicon subwavelength grating waveguide", Opt. Lett., 39, 4514 (2014). CrossRef A.E.- S. Abd-Elkader, M.F. O. Hameed, N.F. Areed, H.E.-D. Mostafa, and S.S. Obayya, "Ultracompact AZO-based TE-pass and TM-pass hybrid plasmonic polarizers", J.Opt. Soc. Am. B., 36, 652 (2019). CrossRef J. Li et al., "Photonic Crystal Waveguide Electro-Optic Modulator With a Wide Bandwidth", Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31, 1601-1607 (2013). CrossRef N. Skivesen et al., "Photonic-crystal waveguide biosensor", Optics Express, 15, 3169-3176 (2007). CrossRef S. Lin, J. Hu, L. Kimerling, K. Crozier, "Design of nanoslotted photonic crystal waveguide cavities for single nanoparticle trapping and detection", Optics Letters, 34, 3451-3453 (2009). CrossRef T. Liu, A.R. Zakharian, M. Fallahi, J.V. Moloney, M. Mansuripur, "Design of a compact photonic-crystal-based polarizing beam splitter", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17, 1435-1437 (2005). CrossRef R. K. Sinha, Y. Kalra, "Design of optical waveguide polarizer using photonic band gap", Optics Express, 14, 10790 (2006). CrossRef
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Zhang, Chunhuan, Haiyun Dong, Chuang Zhang, Yuqing Fan, Jiannian Yao, and Yong Sheng Zhao. "Photonic skins based on flexible organic microlaser arrays." Science Advances 7, no. 31 (July 2021): eabh3530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abh3530.
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Flexible photonics is rapidly emerging as a promising platform for artificial smart skins to imitate or extend the capabilities of human skins. Organic material systems provide a promising avenue to directly fabricate large-scale flexible device units; however, the versatile fabrication of all-organic integrated devices with desired photonic functionalities remains a great challenge. Here, we develop an effective technique for the mass processing of organic microlaser arrays, which act as sensing units, on the chip of photonic skins. With a bilayer electron-beam direct writing method, we fabricated flexible mechanical sensor networks composed of coupled-cavity single-mode laser sources on pliable polymer substrates. These microlaser-based mechanical sensor chips were subsequently used to recognize hand gestures, showing great potential for artificial skin applications. This work represents a substantial advance toward scalable construction of high-performance and low-cost flexible photonic chips, thus paving the way for the implementation of smart photonic skins into practical applications.
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Avouris, Phaedon, and Richard Martel. "Progress in Carbon Nanotube Electronics and Photonics." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 4 (April 2010): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.553.
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AbstractIn electronics and photonics, intrinsic properties of semiconducting materials play a dominant role in achieving high-performance devices and circuits. In this respect, carbon nanotubes are prime candidates because of their exceptionally high carrier mobility, low capacitance, and strong optical response (direct bandgap). Although these properties compare very favorably with those of crystalline silicon, several issues related to their synthesis, processing, and assembly have challenged efforts for making electronic and photonic devices. Tremendous progress, nevertheless, has been achieved over the years, and much has been learned from novel photonic devices and electronic circuits. We review some of the developments in nanotube transistor performance optimization, ac operation, nanotube circuits, self-assembly, thin-film devices, and nanotube optical devices such as light emitters and detectors. We also examine the issues and opportunities that still exist.
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Kazanskiy, Nikolay L., Svetlana N. Khonina, and Muhammad A. Butt. "A Review of Photonic Sensors Based on Ring Resonator Structures: Three Widely Used Platforms and Implications of Sensing Applications." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (May 20, 2023): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14051080.
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Optical ring resonators (RRs) are a novel sensing device that has recently been developed for several sensing applications. In this review, RR structures based on three widely explored platforms, namely silicon-on-insulator (SOI), polymers, and plasmonics, are reviewed. The adaptability of these platforms allows for compatibility with different fabrication processes and integration with other photonic components, providing flexibility in designing and implementing various photonic devices and systems. Optical RRs are typically small, making them suitable for integration into compact photonic circuits. Their compactness allows for high device density and integration with other optical components, enabling complex and multifunctional photonic systems. RR devices realized on the plasmonic platform are highly attractive, as they offer extremely high sensitivity and a small footprint. However, the biggest challenge to overcome is the high fabrication demand related to such nanoscale devices, which limits their commercialization.
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Lin, Shawn-Yu, J. G. Fleming, and E. Chow. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Built with VLSI Tools." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.157.
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The drive toward miniature photonic devices has been hindered by our inability to tightly control and manipulate light. Moreover, photonics technologies are typically not based on silicon and, until recently, only indirectly benefited from the rapid advances being made in silicon processing technology. In the first part of this article, the successful fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals using silicon processing will be discussed. This advance has been made possible through the use of integrated-circuit (IC) fabrication technologies (e.g., very largescale integration, VLSI) and may enable the penetration of Si processing into photonics. In the second part, we describe the creation of 2D photonic-crystal slabs operating at the λ = 1.55 μm communications wavelength. This class of 2D photonic crystals is particularly promising for planar on-chip guiding, trapping, and switching of light.
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Wu, Zhiyong, Lu Zhu, and Zhengji Xu. "Editorial for the Special Issue on Micro/Nano-Structure Based Optoelectronics and Photonics Devices." Micromachines 14, no. 10 (September 29, 2023): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14101867.
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In the ever-evolving fields of optoelectronics and photonics, the introduction of carefully designed micro-/nanostructures enables personalized customization of the electrical and optical properties of optoelectronic and photonic devices [...]
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Li, Tiantian, Yijie Li, Yuteng Wang, Yuxin Liu, Yumeng Liu, Zhan Wang, Ruixia Miao, Dongdong Han, Zhanqiang Hui, and Wei Li. "Neuromorphic Photonics Based on Phase Change Materials." Nanomaterials 13, no. 11 (May 29, 2023): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13111756.
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Neuromorphic photonics devices based on phase change materials (PCMs) and silicon photonics technology have emerged as promising solutions for addressing the limitations of traditional spiking neural networks in terms of scalability, response delay, and energy consumption. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of various PCMs used in neuromorphic devices, comparing their optical properties and discussing their applications. We explore materials such as GST (Ge2Sb2Te5), GeTe-Sb2Te3, GSST (Ge2Sb2Se4Te1), Sb2S3/Sb2Se3, Sc0.2Sb2Te3 (SST), and In2Se3, highlighting their advantages and challenges in terms of erasure power consumption, response rate, material lifetime, and on-chip insertion loss. By investigating the integration of different PCMs with silicon-based optoelectronics, this review aims to identify potential breakthroughs in computational performance and scalability of photonic spiking neural networks. Further research and development are essential to optimize these materials and overcome their limitations, paving the way for more efficient and high-performance photonic neuromorphic devices in artificial intelligence and high-performance computing applications.
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Yu, Su-Peng, Juan A. Muniz, Chen-Lung Hung, and H. J. Kimble. "Two-dimensional photonic crystals for engineering atom–light interactions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 12, 2019): 12743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1822110116.
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We present a 2D photonic crystal system for interacting with cold cesium (Cs) atoms. The band structures of the 2D photonic crystals are predicted to produce unconventional atom–light interaction behaviors, including anisotropic emission, suppressed spontaneous decay, and photon-mediated atom–atom interactions controlled by the position of the atomic array relative to the photonic crystal. An optical conveyor technique is presented for continuously loading atoms into the desired trapping positions with optimal coupling to the photonic crystal. The device configuration also enables application of optical tweezers for controlled placement of atoms. Devices can be fabricated reliably from a 200-nm silicon nitride device layer using a lithography-based process, producing predicted optical properties in transmission and reflection measurements. These 2D photonic crystal devices can be readily deployed to experiments for many-body physics with neutral atoms and engineering of exotic quantum matter.
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Kudreyko, Aleksey, Vladimir Chigrinov, Kristiaan Neyts, Denis Chausov, and Arina Perestoronina. "Photonic Devices with Multi-Domain Liquid Crystal Structures." Crystals 14, no. 6 (May 28, 2024): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14060512.
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Photoalignment by azo dye nanolayers can provide high alignment quality for large-area liquid crystal devices. Application of this technology to active optical elements for signal processing and communications is a hot topic of photonics research. In this article, we review recent demonstrations and performance of liquid crystal photonic devices, discuss the advantages of the proposed technology, and identify challenges and future prospects in the research field of photoaligned multi-domain liquid crystal structures. We believe that the developments discussed here can provide directions for future research and potential opportunities for applications of liquid crystal devices based on multi-domain photoalignment.
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Wang, Zhanwen, Jingwei Wang, Lida Liu, and Yuntian Chen. "Rotational Bloch Boundary Conditions and the Finite-Element Implementation in Photonic Devices." Photonics 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2023): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10060691.
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This article described the implementation of rotational Bloch boundary conditions in photonic devices using the finite element method (FEM). For the electromagnetic analysis of periodic structures, FEM and Bloch boundary conditions are now widely used. The vast majority of recent research, however, focused on applying Bloch boundary conditions to periodic optical systems with translational symmetry. Our research focused on a flexible numerical method that may be applied to the mode analysis of any photonic device with discrete rotational symmetry. By including the Bloch rotational boundary conditions into FEM, we were able to limit the computational domain to the original one periodic unit, thus enhancing computational speed and decreasing memory consumption. When combined with the finite-element method, rotational Bloch boundary conditions will give a potent tool for the mode analysis of photonic devices with complicated structures and rotational symmetry. In the meantime, the degenerated modes we calculated were consistent with group theory. Overall, this study expands the numerical tools of studying rotational photonic devices, and has useful applications in the study and design of optical fibers, sensors, and other photonic devices.
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Li, Wei, Junhui Hu, and Hai-Xiao Wang. "Topological Cavity Chains via Shifted Photonic Crystal Interfaces." Crystals 15, no. 1 (January 9, 2025): 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15010060.
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Recent advances in topological photonics provide unprecedented opportunities to realize a photonic cavity. A recent work shows that the electromagnetic wave can be effectively trapped via the shifted photonic crystal interfaces (SPCIs), which offers an alternative approach to realizing the photonic cavity. Here, we proposed one-dimensional topological insulators based on an SPCIs-induced cavity chain, which is analogous to the Su–Schrieffer–Hegger model and is compatible with the silicon-on-insulator platform. Owing to the asymmetry feature of SPCIs-induced cavities, the topological cavity chains can be either realized by alternating the cavity modes or by tuning the distance between two cavities. The nontrivial band topology of SPCIs-induced cavity chains is further confirmed by observing topological end states, which exhibit robustness against geometrical imperfections. Our work holds promises for designing robust photonic devices, which may find potential applications in future integrated photonics.
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He, Li, Huan Li, and Mo Li. "Optomechanical measurement of photon spin angular momentum and optical torque in integrated photonic devices." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (September 2016): e1600485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600485.
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Photons carry linear momentum and spin angular momentum when circularly or elliptically polarized. During light-matter interaction, transfer of linear momentum leads to optical forces, whereas transfer of angular momentum induces optical torque. Optical forces including radiation pressure and gradient forces have long been used in optical tweezers and laser cooling. In nanophotonic devices, optical forces can be significantly enhanced, leading to unprecedented optomechanical effects in both classical and quantum regimes. In contrast, to date, the angular momentum of light and the optical torque effect have only been used in optical tweezers but remain unexplored in integrated photonics. We demonstrate the measurement of the spin angular momentum of photons propagating in a birefringent waveguide and the use of optical torque to actuate rotational motion of an optomechanical device. We show that the sign and magnitude of the optical torque are determined by the photon polarization states that are synthesized on the chip. Our study reveals the mechanical effect of photon’s polarization degree of freedom and demonstrates its control in integrated photonic devices. Exploiting optical torque and optomechanical interaction with photon angular momentum can lead to torsional cavity optomechanics and optomechanical photon spin-orbit coupling, as well as applications such as optomechanical gyroscopes and torsional magnetometry.
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Talib, Mohammed Sabah, and Faris Al-Jaafiry. "3985Utilizing EllipticalRingIMI-Plasmonic Waveguides, Nanomaterials in Nanophotonic Structure for All-Optical 2 × 1 Demultiplexer." Al-Furat Journal of Innovations in Electronics and Computer Engineering 3, no. 2 (July 18, 2024): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46649/fjiece.v3.2.30a.9.6.2024.
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In many industries, particularly electronics, photonic devices are indispensable. However, the diffraction limit and miniaturization are the two problems that have hampered the development of photonics devices. These problems are resolved by plasmonic devices, which enable nanophononics and nanodevices. One of the primary all-optical demultiplexer components utilized in an all-optical Athematic Logic Unit (ALU), which is regarded as the basic building block for all-optical computers, is a plasmonic demultiplexerThis paper provides a new design for an elliptical ring insulator-metal-insulator (IMI) plasmonic waveguide-based all-optical demultiplexer (Demux). The suggested device has a small footprint (300 nm × 250 nm) and works at a 1550 nm wavelength. Demux has a 0.5 transmission threshold between logic zero and logic one states. Transmission (T), extinction ratio (contrast ratio (CR)), modulation depth (MD), and insertion loss (IL) are the four metrics that best explain the performance of the plasmonic Demux. The suggested structural dimensions are outstanding and optimal based on the values of MD for Demux which is (95.87%). The device's maximum transmission efficiency is 56.84%. The suggested plasmonic Demux structure makes a substantial contribution to all-optical signal processing Nano-circuits and nano-photonics integrated circuits. Using COMSOL Multiphysics, wesimulate the proposed plasmonic Demux using the Finite Element Method (FEM).
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Kumi-Barimah, E., Sarath Kumar Loganathan, Geeta Sharma, and Animesh Jha. "Multi-target Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) Technique for the growth of μm-to-nm scale Photo-active Thin-film Coatings." EPJ Web of Conferences 309 (2024): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202430906011.
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There has been an unprecedented increase in the growth of photonic components over the last 25 years based on different photonic materials; each having structural/functional limitation in integrated devices. The challenge is that the semiconductors are grown inside MBE chambers, whereas the polymeric waveguides are fabricated by spin-coating. By comparison, glass and crystal-based materials are processed via sputtering and sol-gel techniques. None of these materials processing techniques, therefore, are compatible for a single-step device fabrication, due to the incompatibilities of chemical and physical properties of individual materials. A solution for overcoming the materials limitation is to develop a multi-materials deposition chamber which allows sequential/heterostructure growth on a substrate, without compromising the structural, spectroscopic, and device performances. The rare-earth-ion doped glass- and crystal-based devices are pumped with semiconductor lasers, suggesting that the glass-semiconductor devices might perform better when structurally integrated which may also help in reducing the pump-power for achieving efficient population inversion. We explain the applications of PLD for controlling the structure of thin-films grown on inorganic and metallic substrates for photonic device and photo-active coatings for biological applications, respectively. Examples of materials deposited on dissimilar substrates are discussed with applications such as photonic devices and photo-bioactive surfaces for sensing.
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Francis, Bibi Mary, Joice Sophia Ponraj, Balaji Dhanabalan, M. Rajesh Kumar, pandiyarasan veluswamy, Peng Yin, Omar A. Al-Hartomy, et al. "Two-dimensional Material based Printed Photonics: A Review." 2D Materials, February 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/ac5379.
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Abstract Functional inks based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have potential application in building new and commercially viable photonic devices via different printing techniques. Printed photonics using 2D material-based inks brings together the unique optical properties of 2D materials via different printing techniques for fabricating photonic devices that can revolutionize various sectors in telecommunication, information technology, sensors and computing. Understanding the need for a comprehensive guide for researchers in the field of printed photonics based on 2D material inks, we have brought together the essential concepts in this field. The review begins with discussion on optical properties of commonly used 2D materials in photonic applications. Since different printing techniques demand different ink rheological properties for efficient printing, we have discussed it for different printing techniques. The substrates compatible for printed photonics application are also listed. Mechanisms of common printing methods in device fabrication are explained with more focus on the most commonly demonstrated method in printed photonics, i.e., inkjet printing. We have discussed a few examples of photonic devices where printed photonics is already demonstrated with 2D material functional inks. Finally, our perspective on future prospects of 2D materials, with excellent optical properties, that are yet to be formulated into inks for new and efficient photonic device fabrication as well as devices with potentially new functionalities are listed.