Journal articles on the topic 'Photonic crystals'
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Alnasser, Khadijah, Steve Kamau, Noah Hurley, Jingbiao Cui, and Yuankun Lin. "Photonic Band Gaps and Resonance Modes in 2D Twisted Moiré Photonic Crystal." Photonics 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100408.
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The study of twisted bilayer 2D materials has revealed many interesting physics properties. A twisted moiré photonic crystal is an optical analog of twisted bilayer 2D materials. The optical properties in twisted photonic crystals have not yet been fully elucidated. In this paper, we generate 2D twisted moiré photonic crystals without physical rotation and simulate their photonic band gaps in photonic crystals formed at different twisted angles, different gradient levels, and different dielectric filling factors. At certain gradient levels, interface modes appear within the photonic band gap. The simulation reveals “tic tac toe”-like and “traffic circle”-like modes as well as ring resonance modes. These interesting discoveries in 2D twisted moiré photonic crystal may lead toward its application in integrated photonics.
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Defvi, Eunike Friska, and Lita Rahmasari. "Photonic Crystals based Biosensors in Various Biomolecules Applications." Physics Communication 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/physcomm.v7i2.43447.
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Over the past decades, photonic crystals have emerged as interesting photonic structures. It plays a vital role in many fields of optical communication, biomedical sensing, and other applications due to its compactness, high sensitivity, high selectivity, fast responsiveness, etc. Strong light confinement in photonic crystals and adjustment of its geometrical parameters have led to the emergence of photonic crystal biosensors. Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and disorders in clinical settings worldwide. Photonics crystal-based biosensor is one of the solutions to detect various diseases. By using literature review method, this paper aims to explore applications of photonic crystal-based biosensors to encounter the sensitivity of various biomolecules for cancer, malaria, and blood components detection.
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Woliński, Tomasz, Sławomir Ertman, Katarzyna Rutkowska, Daniel Budaszewski, Marzena Sala-Tefelska, Miłosz Chychłowski, Kamil Orzechowski, Karolina Bednarska, and Piotr Lesiak. "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers – 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907.
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Research activities in the area of photonic liquid crystal fibers carried out over the last 15 years at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) have been reviewed and current research directions that include metallic nanoparticles doping to enhance electro-optical properties of the photonic liquid crystal fibers are presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a photonic crystal fiber filled with a low-birefringence liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE, 5518, 232-237 (2004). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S.-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2181-2183 (2004). CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express, 11, 20, 2589-2596 (2003). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13, 2, 59-64 (2005). CrossRef M. Chychłowski, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, "Splay orientation in a capillary", Phot. Lett. Pol. 2, 1, 31-33 (2010). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic liquid crystal fibers — a new challenge for fiber optics and liquid crystals photonics", Opto-Electron. Rev. 14, 4, 329-334 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 985-991 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications", IEEE Trans. Inst. Meas. 57, 8, 1796-1802 (2008). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, et al., "Multi-Parameter Sensing Based on Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 502: 220-234., (2009). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, Xiao G and Bock WJ Photonics sensing: principle and applications for safety and security monitoring, (New Jersey, Wiley, 147-181, 2012). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a polymer-based photonic liquid crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. A 115, 2, 569-574 (2014). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol., 35, 16, 3399-3405 (2017). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Recent Progress in Liquid-Crystal Optical Fibers and Their Applications in Photonics", J. Lightwave Technol., 37, 11, 2516-2526 (2019). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Electric Field Sensing With Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers Based on Micro-Electrodes Systems", J. Lightwave Technol., 33, 2, 2405-2411, (2015). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 8, 1208-1214 (2012). CrossRef K. Mileńko, S. Ertman, T. R. Woliński, "Numerical analysis of birefringence tuning in high index microstructured fiber selectively filled with liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8794 (2013). CrossRef O. Jaworska and S. Ertman, "Photonic bandgaps in selectively filled photonic crystal fibers", Phot. Lett. Pol., 9, 3, 79-81 (2017). CrossRef I.C. Khoo, S.T.Wu, "Optics and Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals", World Scientific (1993). CrossRef P. Lesiak et al., "Thermal optical nonlinearity in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals doped with gold nanoparticles", Proc. SPIE 10228, 102280N (2017). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, T. Woliński, "Modeling of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 2, 3, 107 (2010). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, L-W. Wei, "Assessment on the applicability of finite difference methods to model light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 4, 4, 161 (2012). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, U. Laudyn, P. Jung, "Nonlinear discrete light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 5, 1, 17 (2013). CrossRef M. Murek, K. Rutkowska, "Two laser beams interaction in photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with highly nonlinear materials", Photon. Lett. Poland 6, 2, 74 (2014). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 558, 184-193, (2012). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Propagation Effects in Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers with a Complex Structure", Acta Phys. Pol. A, 118, 1259-1261 (2010). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Polarization properties of cubic blue phases of a cholesteric liquid crystal", Opt. Mater. 69, 259-264 (2017). CrossRef H. Yoshida et al., "Heavy meson spectroscopy under strong magnetic field", Phys. Rev. E 94, 042703 (2016). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef C.-W. Chen et al., "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Express 20, 23978-23984 (2012). CrossRef C.-H. Lee et al., "Polarization-independent bistable light valve in blue phase liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Opt. 52, 4849-4853 (2013). CrossRef D. Poudereux et al., "Infiltration of a photonic crystal fiber with cholesteric liquid crystal and blue phase", Proc. SPIE 9290 (2014). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Optical properties of cubic blue phase liquid crystal in photonic microstructures", Opt. Express 27, 10, 14270-14282 (2019). CrossRef M. Wahle, J. Ebel, D. Wilkes, H.S. Kitzerow, "Asymmetric band gap shift in electrically addressed blue phase photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Express 24, 20, 22718-22729 (2016). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Investigation of the Kerr effect in a blue phase liquid crystal using a wedge-cell technique", Phot. Lett. Pol. 9, 2, 54-56 (2017). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "Influence of cylindrical geometry and alignment layers on the growth process and selective reflection of blue phase domains", Opt. Mater. 75, 211-215 (2018). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "The influence of orienting layers on blue phase liquid crystals in rectangular geometries", Phot. Lett. Pol. 10, 4, 100-102 (2018). CrossRef P. G. de Gennes JP. The Physics of Liquid Crystals. (Oxford University Press 1995). CrossRef L.M. Blinov and V.G. Chigrinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, NY: Springer New York 1994). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A.J. Srivastava, V.G. Chigrinov, T.R. Woliński, "Electro-optical properties of photo-aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibres", Liq. Cryst., 46 2, 272-280 (2019). CrossRef V. G. Chigrinov, V. M. Kozenkov, H-S. Kwok. Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2008). CrossRef M. Schadt et al., "Surface-Induced Parallel Alignment of Liquid Crystals by Linearly Polymerized Photopolymers", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.31, 2155-2164 (1992). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 4679 (2014). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, et al., "Photo‐aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibers", J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23, 196-201 (2015). CrossRef O. Stamatoiu, J. Mirzaei, X. Feng, T. Hegmann, "Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles", Top Curr Chem 318, 331-392 (2012). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Titanium nanoparticles doping of 5CB infiltrated microstructured optical fibers", Photonics Lett. Pol. 8 1, 29-31 (2016). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 8, 2790-2801 (2017). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Nanoparticles-enhanced photonic liquid crystal fibers", J. Mol. Liq. 267, 271-278 (2018). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Opt. Exp. 27, 10, 14260-14269 (2019). CrossRef
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Lin, Shawn-Yu, J. G. Fleming, and E. Chow. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Built with VLSI Tools." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.157.
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The drive toward miniature photonic devices has been hindered by our inability to tightly control and manipulate light. Moreover, photonics technologies are typically not based on silicon and, until recently, only indirectly benefited from the rapid advances being made in silicon processing technology. In the first part of this article, the successful fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals using silicon processing will be discussed. This advance has been made possible through the use of integrated-circuit (IC) fabrication technologies (e.g., very largescale integration, VLSI) and may enable the penetration of Si processing into photonics. In the second part, we describe the creation of 2D photonic-crystal slabs operating at the λ = 1.55 μm communications wavelength. This class of 2D photonic crystals is particularly promising for planar on-chip guiding, trapping, and switching of light.
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Christensen, Thomas, Charlotte Loh, Stjepan Picek, Domagoj Jakobović, Li Jing, Sophie Fisher, Vladimir Ceperic, John D. Joannopoulos, and Marin Soljačić. "Predictive and generative machine learning models for photonic crystals." Nanophotonics 9, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0197.
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AbstractThe prediction and design of photonic features have traditionally been guided by theory-driven computational methods, spanning a wide range of direct solvers and optimization techniques. Motivated by enormous advances in the field of machine learning, there has recently been a growing interest in developing complementary data-driven methods for photonics. Here, we demonstrate several predictive and generative data-driven approaches for the characterization and inverse design of photonic crystals. Concretely, we built a data set of 20,000 two-dimensional photonic crystal unit cells and their associated band structures, enabling the training of supervised learning models. Using these data set, we demonstrate a high-accuracy convolutional neural network for band structure prediction, with orders-of-magnitude speedup compared to conventional theory-driven solvers. Separately, we demonstrate an approach to high-throughput inverse design of photonic crystals via generative adversarial networks, with the design goal of substantial transverse-magnetic band gaps. Our work highlights photonic crystals as a natural application domain and test bed for the development of data-driven tools in photonics and the natural sciences.
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Wang, Li Hsiang, and Su Hua Yang. "Nano Photoelectric Material Structures – Photonic Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 677 (March 2013): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.677.9.
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Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structural materials that have photonic band gaps, and are divided into on-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional structures based on their spatial distributions. One-dimensional photonic crystals have already found real-world applications. Three-dimensional photonic crystals are still in the experimental phase in laboratories. Due to their superior characteristics, photonic crystal materials are sure to be widely developed and applied in the future. This paper briefly introduces the principle of photonic crystals, facts about their theoretical research, production and preparation of materials, as well as their related applications. Photonic crystal materials have a lot of potential, and could be one of the most significant materials of this century. Since the concept was proposed in the late 80’s of the previous century, the research and application of photonic crystals has advanced significantly. Currently, photonic crystals are already used in fiber optics as well as semiconductor lasers. This paper introduces the structures of various types of photonic crystals, including photonic crystals with semiconductor and fiber optic material bases, and describes some of the special optoelectronic characteristics and possible applications of photonic crystals. Photonic crystals can be used in the production of many new types of optoelectronic devices. Most significantly, they can dramatically reduce the size of components and result in dense integration. Photonic crystals are expected to have a revolutionary impact on the development of optoelectronic technologies.
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Kamau, Steve, Noah Hurley, Anupama B. Kaul, Jingbiao Cui, and Yuankun Lin. "Light Confinement in Twisted Single-Layer 2D+ Moiré Photonic Crystals and Bilayer Moiré Photonic Crystals." Photonics 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010013.
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Twisted photonic crystals are photonic analogs of twisted monolayer materials such as graphene and their optical property studies are still in their infancy. This paper reports optical properties of twisted single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystals where there is a weak modulation in z direction, and bilayer moiré-overlapping-moiré photonic crystals. In weak-coupling bilayer moiré-overlapping-moiré photonic crystals, the light source is less localized with an increasing twist angle, similar to the results reported by the Harvard research group in References 37 and 38 on twisted bilayer photonic crystals, although there is a gradient pattern in the former case. In a strong-coupling case, however, the light source is tightly localized in AA-stacked region in bilayer PhCs with a large twist angle. For single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystals, the light source in Ex polarization can be localized and forms resonance modes when the single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystal is integrated on a glass substrate. This study leads to a potential application of 2D+ moiré photonic crystal in future on-chip optoelectronic integration.
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Budaszewski, Daniel, and Tomasz R. Woliński. "Light propagation in a photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with mesogenic azobenzene dyes." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.730.
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In this paper, light propagation in an isotropic photonic crystal fiber as well in a silica-glass microcapillary infiltrated with a mesogenic azobenzene dye has been investigated. It appeared that light spectrum guided inside the photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with the investigated azobenzene dye depends on the illuminating wavelength of the absorption band and on linear polarization. Also, alignment of the mesogenic azobenzene dye molecules inside silica glass microcapillaries and photonic crystal fibers has been investigated. Results obtained may lead to a new design of optically tunable photonic devices. Full Text: PDF ReferencesP. Russell. St. J. "Photonic-Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729 (2006). CrossRef T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Exp. 11, 2589 (2003). CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, A. Asquini, E. E. Kriezis, A. d'Alessandro, R. Beccherelli, "Guided-wave liquid-crystal photonics", Lab Chip, 12, 3598 (2012). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett 85, 2181 (2004) CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, E. E. Kriezis, "Tunable Polarization Properties of Hybrid-Guiding Liquid-Crystal Photonic Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 27 (6), 773 (2009) CrossRef S. Ertman, M. Tefelska, M. Chychłowski, A. Rodriquez, D. Pysz, R. Buczyński, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dąbrowski, T. R. Woliński. "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 1208 (2012). CrossRef D. Noordegraaf, L. Scolari, J. Laegsgaard, L. Rindorf, T. T. Alkeskjold, "Electrically and mechanically induced long period gratings in liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Expr. 15, 7901 (2007) CrossRef M. M. Tefelska, M. S. Chychlowski, T. R. Wolinski, R. Dabrowski, W. Rejmer, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, P. Mergo, "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 558(1), 184 (2012). CrossRef S. Mathews, Y. Semenova, G. Farrell, "Electronic tunability of ferroelectric liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fibre", Electronics Letters, 45(12), 617 (2009). CrossRef V. Chigrinov, H-S Kwok, H. Takada, H. Takatsu, "Photo-aligning by azo-dyes: Physics and applications", Liquid Crystals Today, 14:4, 1-15, (2005) CrossRef A. Siarkowska, M. Jóźwik, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, V.G. Chigrinov, "Photo-alignment of liquid crystals in micro capillaries with point-by-point irradiation", Opto-Electon. Rev. 22, 178 (2014); CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A. K. Srivastava, A. M. W. Tam, T. R. Woliński, V. G. Chigrinov, H-S. Kwok, "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 16 (2014) CrossRef J-H Liou, T-H. Chang, T. Lin, Ch-P. Yu, "Reversible photo-induced long-period fiber gratings in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opt. Expr. 19, (7), 6756, (2011) CrossRef T. T. Alkeskjold, J. Laegsgaard, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, J. Broeng, J. Li, S-T. Wu, "All-optical modulation in dye-doped nematic liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Exp, 12 (24), 5857 (2004) CrossRef K. Ichimura, Y. Suzuki, T. Seki, A. Hosoki, K. Aoki, "Reversible change in alignment mode of nematic liquid crystals regulated photochemically by command surfaces modified with an azobenzene monolayer", Langmuir, 4, 1214 (1988) CrossRef http://www.beamco.com/Azobenzene-liquid-crystals DirectLink K. A. Rutkowska, K. Orzechowski, M. Sierakowski, "Wedge-cell technique as a simple and effective method for chromatic dispersion determination of liquid crystals", Phot. Lett, Poland, 8(2), 51 (2016). CrossRef L. Deng, H.-K. Liu, "Nonlinear optical limiting of the azo dye methyl-red doped nematic liquid crystalline films", Opt. Eng. 42, 2936-2941 (2003). CrossRef J. Si, J. Qiu, J. Guo, M. Wang, K. Hirao, "Photoinduced birefringence of azodye-doped materials by a femtosecond laser", Appl. Opt., 42, 7170-7173 (2008). CrossRef
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Verevkina, Ksenia, Ilya Verevkin, and Valeriy Yatsyshen. "Optical Diagnostics of Defects in Laminated Periodic Nanostructures." NBI Technologies, no. 1 (March 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2022.1.4.
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The purpose of this work is to study the features of the properties of a plane wave incident on a layered and periodic medium with an embedded defective layer. The relevance of the study of photonic crystals is due to the fact that this area of modern materials science is widely developing in the world of science. A confirmation of the large growth in development is the specificity of the versatile application and implementation of photonic crystals. For example, it becomes possible to create digital computing devices based on photonics. The possibility of creating new types of lasers with the lowest lasing threshold, high-efficiency LEDs, optical switches, and light guides is also not ruled out. The uniqueness of photonic crystals lies in their structure, the properties of which have a periodic change in the refractive index. These crystals, due to their peculiarity, do not transmit light with a wavelength comparable to the time of the crystal structure, since they remain transparent for a wide range of electrical radiation. Formulas for the energy reflection and transmission coefficients for layered, periodic media are derived and calculated. A basic component of a computer program for calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients of layered nanostructures has been developed. An analysis was made of an interstitial layer, in this case a defect, in a periodic layered structure such as a photonic crystal.
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Xiang, Hongming, Shu Yang, Emon Talukder, Chenyan Huang, and Kaikai Chen. "Research and Application Progress of Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals in Photocatalysis." Inorganics 11, no. 8 (August 15, 2023): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11080337.
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In order to solve the problem of low photocatalytic efficiency in photocatalytic products, researchers proposed a method to use inverse opal photonic crystal structure in photocatalytic materials. This is due to a large specific surface area and a variety of optical properties of the inverse opal photonic crystal, which are great advantages in photocatalytic performance. In this paper, the photocatalytic principle and preparation methods of three-dimensional inverse opal photonic crystals are introduced, including the preparation of basic inverse opal photonic crystals and the photocatalytic modification of inverse opal photonic crystals, and then the application progresses of inverse opal photonic crystal photocatalyst in sewage purification, production of clean energy and waste gas treatment are introduced.
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Chan, C. T. "Photonic crystals and topological photonics." Frontiers of Optoelectronics 13, no. 1 (March 2020): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12200-020-1022-2.
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Ozer, Zafer, Amirullah M. Mamedov, and Ekmel Ozbay. "BaTiO3 based photonic time crystal and momentum stop band." Ferroelectrics 557, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2020.1713355.
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Temporally periodic photonic crystals develop an ω-k dispersion relation with momentum band gaps. While conventional photonic crystals induce forbidden bands in the frequency spectrum of photons, photonic time crystals create forbidden regions in the momentum spectrum of photons. This effect allows for enhanced control over many optical processes that require both photonic energy and momentum conservations such as nonlinear harmonic generation. The simulation results show that more intensive scatter fields can obtained in photonic space time crystal. Also, we investigate topological phase transitions of photonic time crystals systems.
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Hurley, Noah, Steve Kamau, Jingbiao Cui, and Yuankun Lin. "Holographic Fabrication of 3D Moiré Photonic Crystals Using Circularly Polarized Laser Beams and a Spatial Light Modulator." Micromachines 14, no. 6 (June 9, 2023): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061217.
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A moiré photonic crystal is an optical analog of twisted graphene. A 3D moiré photonic crystal is a new nano-/microstructure that is distinguished from bilayer twisted photonic crystals. Holographic fabrication of a 3D moiré photonic crystal is very difficult due to the coexistence of the bright and dark regions, where the exposure threshold is suitable for one region but not for the other. In this paper, we study the holographic fabrication of 3D moiré photonic crystals using an integrated system of a single reflective optical element (ROE) and a spatial light modulator (SLM) where nine beams (four inner beams + four outer beams + central beam) are overlapped. By modifying the phase and amplitude of the interfering beams, the interference patterns of 3D moiré photonic crystals are systemically simulated and compared with the holographic structures to gain a comprehensive understanding of SLM-based holographic fabrication. We report the holographic fabrication of phase and beam intensity ratio-dependent 3D moiré photonic crystals and their structural characterization. Superlattices modulated in the z-direction of 3D moiré photonic crystals have been discovered. This comprehensive study provides guidance for future pixel-by-pixel phase engineering in SLM for complex holographic structures.
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Stinson, V. Paige, Nuren Shuchi, Micheal McLamb, Glenn D. Boreman, and Tino Hofmann. "Mechanical Control of the Optical Bandgap in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (December 17, 2022): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122248.
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Over the last several years, two-photon polymerization has been a popular fabrication approach for photonic crystals due to its high spatial resolution. One-dimensional photonic crystals with photonic bandgap reflectivities over 90% have been demonstrated for the infrared spectral range. With the success of these structures, methods which can provide tunability of the photonic bandgap are being explored. In this study, we demonstrate the use of mechanical flexures in the design of one-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by two-photon polymerization for the first time. Experimental results show that these photonic crystals provide active mechanically induced spectral control of the photonic bandgap. An analysis of the mechanical behavior of the photonic crystal is presented and elastic behavior is observed. These results suggest that one-dimensional photonic crystals with mechanical flexures can successfully function as opto-mechanical structures.
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Yang, Jinxian. "Research on applications of photonic crystals." Applied and Computational Engineering 7, no. 1 (July 21, 2023): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/7/20230362.
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A photonic crystal is a dielectric structure in which the refractive index varies periodically in space. Due to its special physical properties, it has theoretical research value and wide application prospects. This paper introduces photonic crystals from the aspects of principle, preparation and application, and makes a summary and outlook on them. This paper focuses on the basic principles and applications of photonic crystals, so as to help more people to have a general understanding of photonic crystals.
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Wehrspohn, R. B., and J. Schilling. "Electrochemically Prepared Pore Arrays for Photonic-Crystal Applications." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.156.
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In the last few years, photonic crystals have gained considerable interest due to their ability to “mold the flow of light.” Photonic crystals are physically based on Bragg reflections of electromagnetic waves. In simple terms, a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal is a periodic stack of thin dielectric films with two different refractive indices, n1 and n2. The two important geometrical parameters determining the wavelength of the photonic bandgap are the lattice constant, a = d1(n1) + d2(n2), and the ratio of d1 to a (where d1 is the thickness of the layer with refractive index n1, and d2 is the thickness of layer n2). For a simple quarter-wavelength stack, the center wavelength λ of the 1D photonic crystal would be simply λ = 2n1d1 + 2n2d2. In the case of 2D photonic crystals, the concept is extended to either airholes in a dielectric medium or dielectric rods in air. Therefore, ordered porous dielectric materials like porous silicon or porous alumina are intrinsically 2D photonic crystals.
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Hao, Shi. "Study on the Effect of Material Absorption of Photonic Crystals on Transverse Magnetic Wave Band." Materials Physics and Chemistry 1, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/mpc.v1i1.562.
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<p align="justify">Photonic crystals are a major discovery in physics and have an important influence on our present life. The biggest feature of the photonic crystals is that they have bandgap which can block photons of a certain frequency, thus affecting the photon movement. This effect resembles the influence of the semiconductor body on electrons. Therefore, research and discovery of the photonic crystal have a broad prospect and people have large expectation on the photonic crystal. The emergence of photonic crystals makes it possible for the miniaturization and integration of some aspects of information technology. Their structure studies enable us to determines their characteristics, thus the discovery of the photonic crystal structure and function will lay the foundation for the study of its application. In this paper, the study focuses on the research of material absorption of photonic crystal on Transverse Magnetic (TM) wave band. Firstly, the basic knowledge and principle of photonic crystal are introduced. Then, the research is carried out to study the effect of characteristic matrix method on photon crystal TM energy wave. </p><p align="justify"> </p>
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Sakata, Ryoichi, Kenji Ishizaki, Menaka De Zoysa, Kyoko Kitamura, Takuya Inoue, John Gelleta, and Susumu Noda. "Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with modulated photonic crystals enabling 2D beam scanning and various beam pattern emission." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 13 (March 27, 2023): 130503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127495.
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Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) with modulated photonic crystals have attracted much attention for their unrivaled capabilities, such as broad area coherent resonance, and lens-free beam scanning and flash illumination. In this paper, we first explain the principles and the development of PCSELs with modulated photonic crystals toward non-mechanical two-dimensional (2D) beam-scanning applications. Then, we show PCSELs with modulated photonic crystals, whose modulation is designed based on an inverse Fourier transform to enable the emission of various beam patterns, such as flash patterns and multi-dot patterns, from a single photonic crystal without using external optical elements. This demonstration underscores the flexibility of PCSELs with modulated photonic crystals as compact, highly functional light sources for a wide range of applications, including not only beam-scanning-type, flash-type, and multidot-type light detection and ranging but also advanced object recognition and adaptive illumination.
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Fan, S. S., R. Guo, Z. Y. Li, and W. H. Huang. "Simulation of 3D Layer-By-Layer Photonic Crystals." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.1165.
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3D layer-by-layer photonic crystals possess a full photonic band gap. Simulation of 3D layer-by-layer photonic crystals can optimize the parameters of the photonic crystals to get useful photonic band gap by solving Maxwell’s equations using the plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method. The relations between the parameters (rod pitch a, rod width w, rod thickness h and rod refractive index n) and the photonic band gap have been simulated. We also have fabricated a 3D layer-by-layer photonic crystal with femtosecond laser microfabrication technique through two-photon-absorption photopolymerization of resin. Its reflection spectra have been detected which agree with the simulation result.
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SONG, KAI, RENAUD VALLEE, MARK VAN DER AUWERAER, and KOEN CLAYS. "SPONTANEOUS EMISSION OF NANO-ENGINEERED FLUOROPHORES IN PHOTONIC CRYSTALS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 15, no. 01 (March 2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863506003128.
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The spontaneous emission of fluorophores embedded in a photonic crystal has been studied. By nano-engineering a sandwich-like photonic structure, such that fluorophore-coated photonic atoms constitute a middle layer between the photonic crystals, we have been able to precisely control the location of fluorophores in photonic crystals and exclude the presence of fluorophores at the surface of the crystal. It has been found that the stopband in the transmission spectrum is deeper than the stopband in the emission spectrum. We conjecture that the omnidirectional propagation of the emission from a point source in an incomplete photonic bandgap is the cause of the shallower stopband in emission.
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Astrova, Ekaterina V., V. A. Tolmachev, Yulia A. Zharova, Galya V. Fedulova, A. V. Baldycheva, and Tatiana S. Perova. "Silicon Periodic Structures and their Liquid Crystal Composites." Solid State Phenomena 156-158 (October 2009): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.156-158.547.
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This paper summarises results on the design, fabrication and characterisation of one-dimensional (1D) Photonic Crystals (PCs) for silicon micro-photonics. Anisotropic and photo-electrochemical etching were used to obtain silicon wall arrays with a high aspect ratio. The characteristics of these wet etching techniques, including their advantages and disadvantages are considered. Optical reflection and transmission spectra of the photonic structures fabricated were characterised by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) micro-spectroscopy over a wide spectral range of =1.5-14.5m. These measurements reveal that side-wall roughness impacts the optical properties of 1D PCs. Problems associated with Photonic Band-Gap (PBG) tuning in periodic structures infiltrated with nematic liquid crystals are discussed. A design of a composite 1D PC on an SOI platform for electro-tuning is proposed. The structure was fabricated and tuning due to an electro-optical effect with E7 liquid crystal filler was demonstrated.
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Belyakov, Vladimir A. "Optical Kossel Lines and Fluorescence in Photonic Liquid Crystals." Crystals 10, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060541.
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We propose a general analytical way to describe the fluorescence peculiarities in photonic liquid crystals (revealing themselves as an optical analog of the X-ray Kossel lines in conventional crystals) based at the localized optical edge modes existing in perfect photonic liquid crystal layers. The proposed approach allows us to predict theoretically the properties of optical Kossel lines in photonic liquid crystal (fluorescence polarization, spectral and angular fluorescence distribution, influence of the light absorption in liquid crystal, and, in particular, existing the optical Borrmann effect if the absorption in liquid crystal is locally anisotropic). Comparison of the theoretical results and the known experimental data shows that the theory reproduces sufficiently well the observation results on the fluorescence in photonic liquid crystals. For confirming a direct connection of the optical Kossel lines to the localized optical edge modes in perfect photonic liquid crystal, we propose the application of time-delayed techniques in studying the optical Kossel lines.
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Kobori, Momoko, Yuna Hirano, Mikako Tanaka, and Toshimitsu Kanai. "Practical Preparation of Elastomer-Immobilized Nonclose-Packed Colloidal Photonic Crystal Films with Various Uniform Colors." Polymers 15, no. 10 (May 12, 2023): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102294.
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Colloidal photonic crystals, which are three-dimensional periodic structures of monodisperse submicron-sized particles, are expected to be suitable for novel photonic applications and color materials. In particular, nonclose-packed colloidal photonic crystals immobilized in elastomers exhibit significant potential for use in tunable photonic applications and strain sensors that detect strain based on color change. This paper reports a practical method for preparing elastomer-immobilized nonclose-packed colloidal photonic crystal films with various uniform Bragg reflection colors using one kind of gel-immobilized nonclose-packed colloidal photonic crystal film. The degree of swelling was controlled by the mixing ratio of the precursor solutions, which used a mixture of solutions with high and low affinities for the gel film as the swelling solvent. This facilitated color tuning over a wide range, enabling the facile preparation of elastomer-immobilized nonclose-packed colloidal photonic crystal films with various uniform colors via subsequent photopolymerization. The present preparation method can contribute to the development of practical applications of elastomer-immobilized tunable colloidal photonic crystals and sensors.
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Liu, Y. J., and X. W. Sun. "Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals: Materials, Formation, and Applications." Advances in OptoElectronics 2008 (April 27, 2008): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/684349.
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By combining polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) and holography, holographic PDLC (H-PDLC) has emerged as a new composite material for switchable or tunable optical devices. Generally, H-PDLC structures are created in a liquid crystal cell filled with polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials by recording the interference pattern generated by two or more coherent laser beams which is a fast and single-step fabrication. With a relatively ideal phase separation between liquid crystals and polymers, periodic refractive index profile is formed in the cell and thus light can be diffracted. Under a suitable electric field, the light diffraction behavior disappears due to the index matching between liquid crystals and polymers. H-PDLCs show a fast switching time due to the small size of the liquid crystal droplets. So far, H-PDLCs have been applied in many promising applications in photonics, such as flat panel displays, switchable gratings, switchable lasers, switchable microlenses, and switchable photonic crystals. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art of H-PDLCs including the materials used to date, the grating formation dynamics and simulations, the optimization of electro-optical properties, the photonic applications, and the issues existed in H-PDLCs.
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Wijewardena Gamalath, K. A. I. L., and W. A. S. C. Settinayake. "Simulation of Optical Properties of Si Photonic Crystals." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 38 (September 2014): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.38.87.
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To investigate optical properties of Si photonic crystal waveguides, a mathematical model was set up. Finite difference time domain method was used to calculate the Maxwell’s equations numerically. For the evolution of the electromagnetic fields in the photonic crystals, simulations were done for a small lattices using Yee lattice approach. The properties of a waveguide and a power divider were investigated for 3λx3λ photonic crystal formed from Si circular rods in air for telecommunication wavelength 1.55 µm. The model developed was satisfactory in predicting the behaviour of light in linear photonic crystals
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Wijewardena Gamalath, K. A. I. L., and W. A. S. C. Settinayake. "Simulation of Optical Properties of Si Photonic Crystals." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 38 (September 3, 2014): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-k1b971.
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To investigate optical properties of Si photonic crystal waveguides, a mathematical model was set up. Finite difference time domain method was used to calculate the Maxwell’s equations numerically. For the evolution of the electromagnetic fields in the photonic crystals, simulations were done for a small lattices using Yee lattice approach. The properties of a waveguide and a power divider were investigated for 3λx3λ photonic crystal formed from Si circular rods in air for telecommunication wavelength 1.55 µm. The model developed was satisfactory in predicting the behaviour of light in linear photonic crystals
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Stinson, Victoria Paige, Serang Park, Micheal McLamb, Glenn Boreman, and Tino Hofmann. "Photonic Crystals with a Defect Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization for the Infrared Spectral Range." Optics 2, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt2040027.
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One-dimensional photonic crystals composed of alternating layers with high- and low-density were fabricated using two-photon polymerization from a single photosensitive polymer for the infrared spectral range. By introducing single high-density layers to break the periodicity of the photonic crystals, a narrow-band defect mode is induced. The defect mode is located in the center of the photonic bandgap of the one-dimensional photonic crystal. The fabricated photonic crystals were investigated using infrared reflection measurements. Stratified-layer optical models were employed in the design and characterization of the spectral response of the photonic crystals. A very good agreement was found between the model-calculated and measured reflection spectra. The geometric parameters of the photonic crystals obtained as a result of the optical model analysis were found to be in good agreement with the nominal dimensions of the photonic crystal constituents. This is supported by complimentary scanning electron microscope imaging, which verified the model-calculated, nominal layer thicknesses. Conventionally, the accurate fabrication of such structures would require layer-independent print parameters, which are difficult to obtain with high precision. In this study an alternative approach is employed, using density-dependent scaling factors, introduced here for the first time. Using these scaling factors a fast and true-to-design method for the fabrication of layers with significantly different surface-to-volume ratios. The reported observations furthermore demonstrate that the location and amplitude of defect modes is extremely sensitive to any layer thickness non-uniformities in the photonic crystal structure. Considering these capabilities, one-dimensional photonic crystals engineered with defect modes can be employed as narrow band filters, for instance, while also providing a method to quantify important fabrication parameters.
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Zhou, Xiaoxi, Zhi‐Kang Lin, Weixin Lu, Yun Lai, Bo Hou, and Jian‐Hua Jiang. "Photonic Crystals: Twisted Quadrupole Topological Photonic Crystals (Laser Photonics Rev. 14(8)/2020)." Laser & Photonics Reviews 14, no. 8 (August 2020): 2070046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202070046.
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Yurasov D.V., Yablonskiy A.N., Shaleev M.V., Shengurov D.V., Rodyakina E.E., Smagina Zh. V., Verbus V.A., and Novikov A.V. "Luminescent response of photonic crystals with embedded Ge nanoislands with different hole etching depths." Technical Physics Letters 49, no. 5 (2023): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2023.05.56033.19511.
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Two-dimensional Si-based photonic crystals with embedded Ge nanoislands were studied. In particular, dependences of the steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence response on the depth of the air-holes which form the photonic crystal itself were investigated. It was shown that the maximum luminescence intensity was observed not for the fully-etched photonic crystals but for the intermediately etched ones. The possible origin of such a behavior is discussed. Keywords: SiGe heterostructures, Ge islands, Photonic crystals, Photoluminescence, non-radiative recombination.
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Safriani, Lusi, Ian Sopian, Tuti Susilawati, and Sahrul Hidayat. "Fabrication of Photonic Crystal Based on Polystyrene Particles." Materials Science Forum 827 (August 2015): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.827.271.
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Photonic crystals are dielectric materials with different refractive index or permittivity periodically. Photonic crystals have widely application for future technology such as waveguide, optical transistor, cavity of laser and biosensor. Photonic crystals can be fabricated in three types i.e 1D, 2D and 3D structure. In this paper, we report the successful fabrication of 3D photonic crystal from polystyrene particles. The fabrication process began with the synthesis of polystyrene particles followed by deposition on glass and flexible substrate using self-assembly method. We obtained polystyrene monodispered particles which have a uniform shaped with diameter 320 nm. Self-assembly method resulted to the arrangement of polystyrene particles on glass and flexible substrate. Stop band which is related to its optical property are at wavelength of 721 nm and 631 nm for photonic crystal on glass and flexible substrate, respectively. We found that filling fraction of photonic crystal on flexible substrate is lower than that of glass substrate due to some defects.
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Ji, Zitao, Jianfeng Chen, and Zhi-Yuan Li. "Perspective: Antichiral magnetic topological photonics." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 14 (April 14, 2023): 140901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144864.
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Topological photonics has recently opened up a promising frontier for electromagnetic wave and light manipulation and has made great progress from unique physical concepts to novel practical photonic devices. Numerous works have discussed the realizations of chiral topological photonic states in magnetic photonic crystals with broken time-reversal symmetry; however, limited reports have been discussed to the achievements of antichiral topological photonic states. In this Perspective, we review recent progress in antichiral topological photonic states in magnetic photonic systems for the basic concepts, properties, and applications. Additionally, we provide an outlook for emerging frontier topics, promising opportunities, fundamental challenges, and potential applications for antichiral magnetic topological photonics.
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Zhao, Xiang Wei, Hua Xu, and Zhong Ze Gu. "Bioassay Based on Photonic Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1323.
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Photonic crystals have wide applications not only in optoelectronic fields but also in bioassays. In this review, we summarized our work on colloidal photonic crystals as novel biomolecular supports in multiplex bioassays. Except for enhancing the fluorescence signal and encoding the biomolecular carriers in fluorphore labeled bioassays, photonic crystal can also encode suspended arrays. From the point view of practicality, the synthesis and self-assembly of monodispersed colloidal spheres for colloidal crystals is involved.
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Emeliantsev, P. S., N. I. Pyshkov, and S. E. Svyakhovskiy. "Designing the Structure of a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with a Given Spectrum of the Reflection Coefficient." JETP Letters 117, no. 11 (June 2023): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002136402360129x.
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A method for solving the inverse problem of designing the structure of a one-dimensional photonic crystal is proposed and experimentally implemented. It is known that a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a spatial sinusoidal modulation of the refractive index, has a narrow photonic bandgap at a frequency related to the spatial frequency of this sinusoid. A reverse engineering method is proposed for one-dimensional photonic crystals with an arbitrary given reflection spectrum by expanding this spectrum into elementary photonic band gaps and then summing them. The application of this method to fabricate examples of photonic crystals with simple shapes of spectral reflection curves is demonstrated.
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BAERT, KASPER, WIM LIBAERS, BRANKO KOLARIC, RENAUD A. L. VALLÉE, MARK VAN DER AUWERAER, KOEN CLAYS, DIDIER GRANDJEAN, MARCEL DI VECE, and PETER LIEVENS. "DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS FOR PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 16, no. 03 (September 2007): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863507003779.
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In this manuscript, the synthesis and characterization of superparamagnetic particles and their silica-coated counterparts as building blocks for magnetic photonic crystals is fully described. The advantages and disadvantages of the presented synthetic method are discussed. Preliminary results considering the presence of magnetic species within a photonic crystal are also presented. Suppression of emission of the quantum dots within photonic crystals is attributed to a decrease of the number of available photonic modes for radiative decay. The presence of materials with permanent magnetic moments within photonic crystals shows that suppression of their emission is scaled with the strength of the magnetic field.
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Parpiyev, Khabibulla, Juramirza Kayumov, Guocheng Zhu, Adkhamjon Gafurov, and Muzaffarkhon Izatillaev. "Obtaining chromogenic structured yarns from a mixture of carbon and polyester fibers." E3S Web of Conferences 538 (2024): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453804008.
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In this article, considering the problem of the difficulty of dyeing carbon fiber, it is proposed to use structural dyeing to achieve the dyeing of carbon fiber/polyester blended yarn. Using poly (styrene - methacrylic acid) colloidal microspheres as structural units, a photonic crystal color-forming structure was obtained using a carbon fiber/polyester blend yarn coating method. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulation technology was used to analyze the effects of coating fluid mass fraction and self-assembly temperature on the structural color, to study the assembly process of colloidal microspheres into photonic crystals on the surface of the yarn, and to improve structural colored yarns. Photonic crystal structural color is the visual result of light diffraction by the crystal, providing high saturation, high brightness, and radiant effect. In this paper, the construction of photonic crystal coloring structures on the surface of carbon fiber and polyester substrates is proposed, and an efficient method of constructing photonic crystals and an effective method of increasing the stability of photonic crystals is studied. The research results provide strategic support for the color and functionality of carbon and polyester fibers.
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Zeng, Hanyue. "Design of a Neural Network Model for Point-Defect Microcavities in Two-Dimensional Silicon-Based Dielectric Column Photonic Crystals." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (June 12, 2024): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ddxhgn65.
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Currently, circuits are becoming more and more highly integrated, but current electronic chip technology has difficulty in meeting the requirements for increased data transmission speed and capacity because of its characteristics of increased energy loss due to interactions between electronic components. In contrast, photonic technology is a promising solution due to its characteristics of high speed, wide bandwidth, and low interaction. Photonic crystals are materials with an artificial periodic dielectric structure, with photonic bandgap and localization properties that are critical to their performance. Photonic crystals, which use photons as an information transfer medium, allow flexible control of photon propagation, just as electrons are controlled in semiconductors, and the study of multifunctional photonic crystals is important for the construction of integrated optical circuits. This paper proposes a neural network-based model to analyze and predict the optical properties of point defect microcavities in 2D silicon-based dielectric column photonic crystals. By modeling the complex relationship between the structural parameters of the photonic crystal and its optical response, a theoretical approach for the design of 2D silicon dielectric column photonic crystals can be provided.
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Hsiao, Fu-Li, Chia-Ying Ni, Ying-Pin Tsai, Ting-Wei Chiang, Yen-Tung Yang, Cheng-Jui Fan, Hsuan-Ming Chang, et al. "Design of Waveguide Polarization Convertor Based on Asymmetric 1D Photonic Crystals." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142454.
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Photonic crystals possess metastructures with a unique dispersion relation. An integrated optical circuit plays a crucial role in quantum computing, for which miniaturized optical components can be designed according to the characteristics of photonic crystals. Because the stable light transmission mode for a square waveguide is transverse electric or transverse magnetic polarization, we designed a half-waveplate element with a photonic crystal that can rotate the polarization direction of the light incident on a waveguide by 90°. Using the dispersion relation of photonic crystals, the polarization rotation length and the optical axis’s angle of deviation from the electric field in the eigenmode can be effectively calculated. Polarization rotators designed on the basis of photonic crystal structures can effectively reduce the insertion loss of components and exhibit favorable polarization rotation performance.
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Biswas, R., Z. Y. Li, and K. M. Ho. "Impedance of photonic crystals and photonic crystal waveguides." Applied Physics Letters 84, no. 8 (February 23, 2004): 1254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1649815.
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Olyaee, Saeed. "Ultra-fast and compact all-optical encoder based on photonic crystal nano-resonator without using nonlinear materials." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.890.
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In this paper an ultra-compact all-optical encoder is presented by using a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The designed logic gate is based on the interference effect. The proposed structure consists of several photonic crystal waveguides connected by 2 nano-resonators. The nano-resonators are designed to reduce the size of the radius of the dielectric rods. The contrast ratios and delay time for the proposed all-optical encoder are respectively 6 dB and 125 fs. The size of the structure is equal to 132 µm2. Equality of the output power in the logic states “one”, the small dimensions, the low delay time, compact and simple structure have shown that the logic gate is suitable for the using in optical integrated circuits. Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Salmanpour, Sh. Mohammadnejad, A. Bahrami, "Photonic crystal logic gates: an overview", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 2249 (2015). CrossRef S. C. Xavier, B. E. Carolin, A. p. Kabilan, W. Johnson, "Compact photonic crystal integrated circuit for all-optical logic operation", IET Optoelectronics. 10, 142 (2016). CrossRef Y. Miyoshi, K. Ikeda, H. Tobioka, T. Inoue, S. Namiki, K. Kitayama, "Ultrafast all-optical logic gate using a nonlinear optical loop mirror based multi-periodic transfer function", Optics Express. 16, 2570 (2008). CrossRef D. K. Gayen, A. Bhattachryya, T. Chattopadhyay, J. N. Roy, "Ultrafast All-Optical Half Adder Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer", Journal of Lightwave Technology. 30, 3387 (2012). CrossRef A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, "All-optical NOT and XOR logic gates using photonic crystal nano-resonator and based on an interference effect", IET Optoelectronics. 12, 191 (2018). CrossRef Z. Mohebbi, N. Nozhat, F. Emami, "High contrast all-optical logic gates based on 2D nonlinear photonic crystal", Optics Communications. 355, 130 (2015). CrossRef M. Mansouri-Birjandi, M. Ghadrdan, "Full-optical tunable add/drop filter based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators", Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications. 21, 44 (2016). CrossRef H. Alipour-Banaei, S. Serajmohammadi, F. Mehdizadeh, "Effect of scattering rods in the frequency response of photonic crystal demultiplexers", Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials. 17, 259 (2015). DirectLink A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, H. Arman, "Optical Biochemical Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Nano-ring Resonators for the Detection of Protein Concentration", Current Nanoscience. 13, 421 (2017). CrossRef S. Olyaee, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, "Designing a novel photonic crystal nano-ring resonator for biosensor application", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 1881 (2015). CrossRef F. Parandin, R. Malmir, M. Naseri, A. Zahedi, "Reconfigurable all-optical NOT, XOR, and NOR logic gates based on two dimensional photonic crystals", Superlattices and Microstructures. 113, 737 (2018). CrossRef F. Mehdizadeh, M. Soroosh, H. Alipour-Banaei, "Proposal for 4-to-2 optical encoder based on photonic crystals", IET Optoelectronics. 11, 29 (2017). CrossRef M. Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, H. Alipour-Banaei, "A novel all optical reversible 4 × 2 encoder based on photonic crystals", Optik. 126, 2368 (2015). CrossRef T. A. Moniem, "All-optical digital 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D photonic crystal ring resonators", Journal of Modern Optics. 63, 735 (2016). CrossRef S. Gholamnejad, M. Zavvari, "Design and analysis of all-optical 4–2 binary encoder based on photonic crystal", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 49, 302 (2017). CrossRef H. Seif-Dargahi, "Ultra-fast all-optical encoder using photonic crystal-based ring resonators", Photonic Network Communications. 36, 272 (2018). CrossRef S. Olyaee, M. Seifouri, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, and M. Sardari, "Realization of all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates based on interference effect with high contrast ratio and ultra-compacted size", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 50, 12 (2018). CrossRef C. J. Wu, C. P. Liu, Z. Ouyang, "Compact and low-power optical logic NOT gate based on photonic crystal waveguides without optical amplifiers and nonlinear materials", Applied Optics.51, 680 (2012). CrossRef Y. C. Jiang, S. B. Liu, H. F. Zhang, X. K. Kong. "Realization of all optical half-adder based on self-collimated beams by two-dimensional photonic crystals", Optics Communications. 348, 90 (2015). CrossRef A. Salmanpour, S. Mohammadnejad, P. T. Omran, "All-optical photonic crystal NOT and OR logic gates using nonlinear Kerr effect and ring resonators", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 3689 (2015). CrossRef E. H. Shaik, N. Rangaswamy, "Single photonic crystal structure for realization of NAND and NOR logic functions by cascading basic gates", Journal of Computational Electronics. 17, 337 (2018). CrossRef
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KEDIA, SUNITA, and R. VIJAYA. "PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF ZINC OXIDE INVERSE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 01n02 (February 2011): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11007727.
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Three-dimensional photonic crystals prepared by self-assembly method from polymethyl methacrylate colloids are infiltrated with zinc oxide ( ZnO ) prepared using sol–gel technique. The polymer template is removed by chemical method and heat treatment to obtain inverse photonic crystals of ZnO . The inverse crystal fabricated by the chemical method is further heated at high temperature and the X-ray diffraction establishes the presence of single-crystalline ZnO . The photoluminescence is recorded from the inverse photonic crystals by exciting them with He–Cd laser at 325 nm. The as-prepared inverse crystals show only UV emission while the inverse crystal obtained by the chemical route and treated at high temperature shows the visible emission due to oxygen vacancy defects.
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Noda, Susumu. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals in III–V Semiconductors." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.155.
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There has been increasing interest in photonic crystals in which the refractive index changes periodically. A photonic bandgap can be formed in the crystals, and the propagation of electromagnetic waves is prohibited for all wave vectors in this bandgap. Various important scientific and engineering applications, such as control of spontaneous emission, sharp bending of light, trapping of photons, and so on, may be realized by creating photonicbandgap crystals and engineering the defects and light-emitters. In the field of two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals, some important contributions aiming at device applications have included Scherer et al.'s demonstration that a single defect can be utilized as a very tiny cavity for light emission, and Joannopoulos et al.'s work on 2D photonic-crystal circuits. Here, the present status of our work in III–V semiconductor-based 2D and 3D photonic crystals is briefly reviewed.
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Yang, Zheng Wen, Ji Zhou, Jian Bei Qiu, Zhi Guo Song, Da Cheng Zhou, and Zhao Yi Yin. "Significant Suppression of Photoluminescence in Eu3+ Doped LaPO4 Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1217.
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Inverse opal photonic crystals of Eu3+ doped LaPO4 (LaPO4: Eu）were prepared by a self-assembly technique in combination with a sol-gel method. In the preparation process, Eu3+ doped LaPO4 precursors were filled into the interstices of the opal template assembled by monodispersive polystyrene microspheres. The polystyrene template was then removed by calcination at 650 °C for 5h, meanwhile, Eu3+doped LaPO4 inverse opal photonic crystal was formed. The photoluminescence (PL) from Eu3+ doped LaPO4 inverse opal photonic crystal was studied. The effect of the photonic stop-band on the spontaneous emission of Eu3+ has been observed in the inverse opal photonic crystals of Eu3+ doped LaPO4. Significant suppression of the emission was detected if the photonic band-gap overlaps with the Eu3+ ions emission band.
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Уклеев, Т. А., Н. Н. Шевченко, Д. И. Юрасова, and А. В. Селькин. "Оптическая анизотропия фотонных кристаллов кубической симметрии, индуцированная многоволновой дифракцией света-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-." Физика твердого тела 60, no. 5 (2018): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.05.45786.12d.
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AbstractThe optical spectra of Bragg reflection from opal-like photonic crystals under conditions of the resonant enhancement of the multiple diffraction of light have been studied experimentally and theoretically using the photonic crystal structures prepared of monodisperse polystyrene globules. It is shown that the reflection signal registered in mutually orthogonal configurations of the polarizer and analyzer is related to the intrinsic optical anisotropy of the crystals and is a specific manifestation of the multiple Bragg diffraction in three-dimensional photonic crystals.
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Gao, Kuangya, Yueqiang Liang, Chengyu Liu, Yafeng He, Weili Fan, and Fucheng Liu. "Structural Tunable Plasma Photonic Crystals in Dielectric Barrier Discharge." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 12, 2020): 5572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165572.
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We demonstrate a kind of structural tunable plasma photonic crystal in a dielectric barrier discharge by self-organization of the plasma filaments. The symmetry, the lattice constant and the orientations of different plasma photonic crystals can be deliberately controlled by changing the applied voltage. The plasma structures can be tuned from a square lattice to a triangular lattice, the lattice constant is reduced and the crystal orientation varies π6 when the applied voltage is increased. The band diagrams of the plasma photonic crystals under a transverse-magnetic wave have been studied, which shows that the positions and sizes of the band gaps change significantly for different plasma structures. We suggest a flexible way for the fabrication of tunable plasma photonic crystals, which may find wide application in the manipulation of microwaves or terahertz waves.
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Noda, Susumu. "Manipulation of Photons by Photonic Crystals." MRS Bulletin 34, no. 10 (October 2009): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.250.
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AbstractPhotonic crystals, in which the refractive index changes periodically, provide an exciting new tool for the manipulation of photons and have received keen interest from a variety of fields. This article reviews recent progress in the manipulation of photons by photonic crystals. First, the article covers spontaneous emission, a fundamental phenomenon associated with all photonic devices that emit light, which now can be successfully controlled. Light emission is suppressed in areas where the photonic crystal is complete, while strong emission occurs in the areas where there are artificial defects. Next, it is shown that a very strong confinement of photons in a small volume on the scale of cubic wavelengths becomes possible by using photonic crystals, where nanocavities with ultrahigh-Q values of more than 2 million have been successfully demonstrated. Finally, photonic crystals promise to realize unprecedented types of lasers, which can produce tailored beams on demand, while keeping stable single longitudinal and lateral modes.
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Cho, SeongYong, and Masanori Ozaki. "Blue Phase Liquid Crystals with Tailored Crystal Orientation for Photonic Applications." Symmetry 13, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091584.
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Blue phase (BP) liquid crystals, which self-assemble into soft three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals, have attracted enormous research interest due to their ability to control light and potential photonic applications. BPs have long been known as optically isotropic materials, but recent works have revealed that achieving on-demand 3D orientation of BP crystals is necessary to obtain improved electro-optical performance and tailored optical characteristics. Various approaches have been proposed to precisely manipulate the crystal orientation of BPs on a substrate, through the assistance of external stimuli and directing self-assembly processes. Here, we discuss the various orientation-controlling technologies of BP crystals, with their mechanisms, advantages, drawbacks, and promising applications. This review first focuses on technologies to achieve the uniform crystal plane orientation of BPs on a substrate. Further, we review a strategy to control the azimuthal orientation of BPs along predesigned directions with a uniform crystal plane, allowing the 3D orientation to be uniquely defined on a substrate. The potential applications such as volume holograms are also discussed with their operation principle. This review provides significant advances in 3D photonic crystals and gives a huge potential for intelligent photonic devices with tailored optical characteristics.
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Sano, Daisuke, and Soshu Kirihara. "Fabrication of Metal Photonic Crystals with Graded Lattice Spacing by Using Micro-Stereolithography." Materials Science Forum 631-632 (October 2009): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.631-632.287.
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We designed micro-scale photonic crystal with or without graded lattice spacing composed of copper to control Terahertz (THz) waves. Designed structures were fabricated by using micro-stereolithography. By proper dewaxing and sintering process, pure copper photonic crystals were obtained. Transmission properties of THz waves propagating through the photonic crystals were measured by THz time-domain spectroscopy. Measured results showed good agreements with the simulated results.
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Turberfield, A. J. "Photonic Crystals Made by Holographic Lithography." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.158.
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A photonic crystal is a periodically structured composite material, with a unit cell whose dimensions are of the order of an optical wavelength, made from constituents whose refractive indices differ greatly (Δn is of the order of 2). Three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals typically consist of interpenetrating networks of dielectric material and air. Holographic lithography is a technology for the fabrication of photonic crystals in which the initial step is to define the 3D microstructure by interference of coherent light in a photosensitive precursor.
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Li, Yongqing, and Qun Wang. "Design and Infrared Spectral Modulation Properties of Cu/CuO One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals." Science of Advanced Materials 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2022.4215.
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Photonic crystals can effectively modulate infrared spectral properties. In this paper, a one-dimensional photonic crystal of multilayer Cu/CuO is proposed to achieve selective infrared radiation within atmospheric windows. A multilayer Cu/CuO with a periodic structure was designed via the transfer matrix method and prepared via reactive sputtering. The results of emissivity measurement showed that the Cu/CuO one-dimensional photonic crystals with 2–4 periods and a certain thickness exhibited good infrared-selective properties, with average emissivities of <0.1 and >0.9 at wavelengths of 3–5 and 8–14 μm, respectively; thus, the Cu/CuO onedimensional photonic crystals have potential applications as infrared spectral modulation materials.
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Colvin, Vicki L. "From Opals to Optics: Colloidal Photonic Crystals." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.159.
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Over a decade ago, theorists predicted that photonic crystals active at visible and near-infrared wavelengths would possess a variety of exciting optical properties. Only in the last several years, however, have experimentalists begun to build materials that realize this potential in the laboratory. This lag between experiment and theory is primarily due to the to the challenges associated with fabricating these unique materials. As the term “crystal” suggests, these samples must consist of highly perfect ordered arrays of solids. However, unlike conventional crystals, which exhibit order on the angstrom length scale, photonic crystals must have order on the submicrometer length scale. In addition, many of the most valuable properties of photonic crystals are only realized when samples possess a “full” photonic bandgap. For such systems, large dielectric contrasts and particular crystal symmetries create a range of frequencies over which light cannot propagate. Realizing the nanoscopic architectures required to form such systems is a challenge for experimentalists. As a result, fabrication schemes that rely on lithographic techniques or spontaneous assembly have been a focus in the development of the field.