Relevant bibliographies by topics / Photonic crystals

Academic literature on the topic 'Photonic crystals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Photonic crystals"

1

Alnasser, Khadijah, Steve Kamau, Noah Hurley, Jingbiao Cui, and Yuankun Lin. "Photonic Band Gaps and Resonance Modes in 2D Twisted Moiré Photonic Crystal." Photonics 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100408.

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The study of twisted bilayer 2D materials has revealed many interesting physics properties. A twisted moiré photonic crystal is an optical analog of twisted bilayer 2D materials. The optical properties in twisted photonic crystals have not yet been fully elucidated. In this paper, we generate 2D twisted moiré photonic crystals without physical rotation and simulate their photonic band gaps in photonic crystals formed at different twisted angles, different gradient levels, and different dielectric filling factors. At certain gradient levels, interface modes appear within the photonic band gap. The simulation reveals “tic tac toe”-like and “traffic circle”-like modes as well as ring resonance modes. These interesting discoveries in 2D twisted moiré photonic crystal may lead toward its application in integrated photonics.
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2

Defvi, Eunike Friska, and Lita Rahmasari. "Photonic Crystals based Biosensors in Various Biomolecules Applications." Physics Communication 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/physcomm.v7i2.43447.

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Over the past decades, photonic crystals have emerged as interesting photonic structures. It plays a vital role in many fields of optical communication, biomedical sensing, and other applications due to its compactness, high sensitivity, high selectivity, fast responsiveness, etc. Strong light confinement in photonic crystals and adjustment of its geometrical parameters have led to the emergence of photonic crystal biosensors. Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and disorders in clinical settings worldwide. Photonics crystal-based biosensor is one of the solutions to detect various diseases. By using literature review method, this paper aims to explore applications of photonic crystal-based biosensors to encounter the sensitivity of various biomolecules for cancer, malaria, and blood components detection.
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Woliński, Tomasz, Sławomir Ertman, Katarzyna Rutkowska, Daniel Budaszewski, Marzena Sala-Tefelska, Miłosz Chychłowski, Kamil Orzechowski, Karolina Bednarska, and Piotr Lesiak. "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers – 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907.

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Research activities in the area of photonic liquid crystal fibers carried out over the last 15 years at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) have been reviewed and current research directions that include metallic nanoparticles doping to enhance electro-optical properties of the photonic liquid crystal fibers are presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a photonic crystal fiber filled with a low-birefringence liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE, 5518, 232-237 (2004). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S.-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2181-2183 (2004). CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express, 11, 20, 2589-2596 (2003). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13, 2, 59-64 (2005). CrossRef M. Chychłowski, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, "Splay orientation in a capillary", Phot. Lett. Pol. 2, 1, 31-33 (2010). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic liquid crystal fibers — a new challenge for fiber optics and liquid crystals photonics", Opto-Electron. Rev. 14, 4, 329-334 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 985-991 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications", IEEE Trans. Inst. Meas. 57, 8, 1796-1802 (2008). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, et al., "Multi-Parameter Sensing Based on Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 502: 220-234., (2009). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, Xiao G and Bock WJ Photonics sensing: principle and applications for safety and security monitoring, (New Jersey, Wiley, 147-181, 2012). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a polymer-based photonic liquid crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. A 115, 2, 569-574 (2014). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol., 35, 16, 3399-3405 (2017). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Recent Progress in Liquid-Crystal Optical Fibers and Their Applications in Photonics", J. Lightwave Technol., 37, 11, 2516-2526 (2019). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Electric Field Sensing With Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers Based on Micro-Electrodes Systems", J. Lightwave Technol., 33, 2, 2405-2411, (2015). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 8, 1208-1214 (2012). CrossRef K. Mileńko, S. Ertman, T. R. Woliński, "Numerical analysis of birefringence tuning in high index microstructured fiber selectively filled with liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8794 (2013). CrossRef O. Jaworska and S. Ertman, "Photonic bandgaps in selectively filled photonic crystal fibers", Phot. Lett. Pol., 9, 3, 79-81 (2017). CrossRef I.C. Khoo, S.T.Wu, "Optics and Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals", World Scientific (1993). CrossRef P. Lesiak et al., "Thermal optical nonlinearity in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals doped with gold nanoparticles", Proc. SPIE 10228, 102280N (2017). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, T. Woliński, "Modeling of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 2, 3, 107 (2010). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, L-W. Wei, "Assessment on the applicability of finite difference methods to model light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 4, 4, 161 (2012). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, U. Laudyn, P. Jung, "Nonlinear discrete light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 5, 1, 17 (2013). CrossRef M. Murek, K. Rutkowska, "Two laser beams interaction in photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with highly nonlinear materials", Photon. Lett. Poland 6, 2, 74 (2014). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 558, 184-193, (2012). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Propagation Effects in Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers with a Complex Structure", Acta Phys. Pol. A, 118, 1259-1261 (2010). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Polarization properties of cubic blue phases of a cholesteric liquid crystal", Opt. Mater. 69, 259-264 (2017). CrossRef H. Yoshida et al., "Heavy meson spectroscopy under strong magnetic field", Phys. Rev. E 94, 042703 (2016). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef C.-W. Chen et al., "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Express 20, 23978-23984 (2012). CrossRef C.-H. Lee et al., "Polarization-independent bistable light valve in blue phase liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Opt. 52, 4849-4853 (2013). CrossRef D. Poudereux et al., "Infiltration of a photonic crystal fiber with cholesteric liquid crystal and blue phase", Proc. SPIE 9290 (2014). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Optical properties of cubic blue phase liquid crystal in photonic microstructures", Opt. Express 27, 10, 14270-14282 (2019). CrossRef M. Wahle, J. Ebel, D. Wilkes, H.S. Kitzerow, "Asymmetric band gap shift in electrically addressed blue phase photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Express 24, 20, 22718-22729 (2016). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Investigation of the Kerr effect in a blue phase liquid crystal using a wedge-cell technique", Phot. Lett. Pol. 9, 2, 54-56 (2017). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "Influence of cylindrical geometry and alignment layers on the growth process and selective reflection of blue phase domains", Opt. Mater. 75, 211-215 (2018). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "The influence of orienting layers on blue phase liquid crystals in rectangular geometries", Phot. Lett. Pol. 10, 4, 100-102 (2018). CrossRef P. G. de Gennes JP. The Physics of Liquid Crystals. (Oxford University Press 1995). CrossRef L.M. Blinov and V.G. Chigrinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, NY: Springer New York 1994). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A.J. Srivastava, V.G. Chigrinov, T.R. Woliński, "Electro-optical properties of photo-aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibres", Liq. Cryst., 46 2, 272-280 (2019). CrossRef V. G. Chigrinov, V. M. Kozenkov, H-S. Kwok. Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2008). CrossRef M. Schadt et al., "Surface-Induced Parallel Alignment of Liquid Crystals by Linearly Polymerized Photopolymers", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.31, 2155-2164 (1992). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 4679 (2014). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, et al., "Photo‐aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibers", J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23, 196-201 (2015). CrossRef O. Stamatoiu, J. Mirzaei, X. Feng, T. Hegmann, "Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles", Top Curr Chem 318, 331-392 (2012). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Titanium nanoparticles doping of 5CB infiltrated microstructured optical fibers", Photonics Lett. Pol. 8 1, 29-31 (2016). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 8, 2790-2801 (2017). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Nanoparticles-enhanced photonic liquid crystal fibers", J. Mol. Liq. 267, 271-278 (2018). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Opt. Exp. 27, 10, 14260-14269 (2019). CrossRef
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Lin, Shawn-Yu, J. G. Fleming, and E. Chow. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Built with VLSI Tools." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.157.

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The drive toward miniature photonic devices has been hindered by our inability to tightly control and manipulate light. Moreover, photonics technologies are typically not based on silicon and, until recently, only indirectly benefited from the rapid advances being made in silicon processing technology. In the first part of this article, the successful fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals using silicon processing will be discussed. This advance has been made possible through the use of integrated-circuit (IC) fabrication technologies (e.g., very largescale integration, VLSI) and may enable the penetration of Si processing into photonics. In the second part, we describe the creation of 2D photonic-crystal slabs operating at the λ = 1.55 μm communications wavelength. This class of 2D photonic crystals is particularly promising for planar on-chip guiding, trapping, and switching of light.
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Christensen, Thomas, Charlotte Loh, Stjepan Picek, Domagoj Jakobović, Li Jing, Sophie Fisher, Vladimir Ceperic, John D. Joannopoulos, and Marin Soljačić. "Predictive and generative machine learning models for photonic crystals." Nanophotonics 9, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0197.

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AbstractThe prediction and design of photonic features have traditionally been guided by theory-driven computational methods, spanning a wide range of direct solvers and optimization techniques. Motivated by enormous advances in the field of machine learning, there has recently been a growing interest in developing complementary data-driven methods for photonics. Here, we demonstrate several predictive and generative data-driven approaches for the characterization and inverse design of photonic crystals. Concretely, we built a data set of 20,000 two-dimensional photonic crystal unit cells and their associated band structures, enabling the training of supervised learning models. Using these data set, we demonstrate a high-accuracy convolutional neural network for band structure prediction, with orders-of-magnitude speedup compared to conventional theory-driven solvers. Separately, we demonstrate an approach to high-throughput inverse design of photonic crystals via generative adversarial networks, with the design goal of substantial transverse-magnetic band gaps. Our work highlights photonic crystals as a natural application domain and test bed for the development of data-driven tools in photonics and the natural sciences.
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Wang, Li Hsiang, and Su Hua Yang. "Nano Photoelectric Material Structures – Photonic Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 677 (March 2013): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.677.9.

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Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structural materials that have photonic band gaps, and are divided into on-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional structures based on their spatial distributions. One-dimensional photonic crystals have already found real-world applications. Three-dimensional photonic crystals are still in the experimental phase in laboratories. Due to their superior characteristics, photonic crystal materials are sure to be widely developed and applied in the future. This paper briefly introduces the principle of photonic crystals, facts about their theoretical research, production and preparation of materials, as well as their related applications. Photonic crystal materials have a lot of potential, and could be one of the most significant materials of this century. Since the concept was proposed in the late 80’s of the previous century, the research and application of photonic crystals has advanced significantly. Currently, photonic crystals are already used in fiber optics as well as semiconductor lasers. This paper introduces the structures of various types of photonic crystals, including photonic crystals with semiconductor and fiber optic material bases, and describes some of the special optoelectronic characteristics and possible applications of photonic crystals. Photonic crystals can be used in the production of many new types of optoelectronic devices. Most significantly, they can dramatically reduce the size of components and result in dense integration. Photonic crystals are expected to have a revolutionary impact on the development of optoelectronic technologies.
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Kamau, Steve, Noah Hurley, Anupama B. Kaul, Jingbiao Cui, and Yuankun Lin. "Light Confinement in Twisted Single-Layer 2D+ Moiré Photonic Crystals and Bilayer Moiré Photonic Crystals." Photonics 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010013.

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Twisted photonic crystals are photonic analogs of twisted monolayer materials such as graphene and their optical property studies are still in their infancy. This paper reports optical properties of twisted single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystals where there is a weak modulation in z direction, and bilayer moiré-overlapping-moiré photonic crystals. In weak-coupling bilayer moiré-overlapping-moiré photonic crystals, the light source is less localized with an increasing twist angle, similar to the results reported by the Harvard research group in References 37 and 38 on twisted bilayer photonic crystals, although there is a gradient pattern in the former case. In a strong-coupling case, however, the light source is tightly localized in AA-stacked region in bilayer PhCs with a large twist angle. For single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystals, the light source in Ex polarization can be localized and forms resonance modes when the single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystal is integrated on a glass substrate. This study leads to a potential application of 2D+ moiré photonic crystal in future on-chip optoelectronic integration.
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Budaszewski, Daniel, and Tomasz R. Woliński. "Light propagation in a photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with mesogenic azobenzene dyes." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.730.

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In this paper, light propagation in an isotropic photonic crystal fiber as well in a silica-glass microcapillary infiltrated with a mesogenic azobenzene dye has been investigated. It appeared that light spectrum guided inside the photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with the investigated azobenzene dye depends on the illuminating wavelength of the absorption band and on linear polarization. Also, alignment of the mesogenic azobenzene dye molecules inside silica glass microcapillaries and photonic crystal fibers has been investigated. Results obtained may lead to a new design of optically tunable photonic devices. Full Text: PDF ReferencesP. Russell. St. J. "Photonic-Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729 (2006). CrossRef T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Exp. 11, 2589 (2003). CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, A. Asquini, E. E. Kriezis, A. d'Alessandro, R. Beccherelli, "Guided-wave liquid-crystal photonics", Lab Chip, 12, 3598 (2012). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett 85, 2181 (2004) CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, E. E. Kriezis, "Tunable Polarization Properties of Hybrid-Guiding Liquid-Crystal Photonic Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 27 (6), 773 (2009) CrossRef S. Ertman, M. Tefelska, M. Chychłowski, A. Rodriquez, D. Pysz, R. Buczyński, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dąbrowski, T. R. Woliński. "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 1208 (2012). CrossRef D. Noordegraaf, L. Scolari, J. Laegsgaard, L. Rindorf, T. T. Alkeskjold, "Electrically and mechanically induced long period gratings in liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Expr. 15, 7901 (2007) CrossRef M. M. Tefelska, M. S. Chychlowski, T. R. Wolinski, R. Dabrowski, W. Rejmer, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, P. Mergo, "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 558(1), 184 (2012). CrossRef S. Mathews, Y. Semenova, G. Farrell, "Electronic tunability of ferroelectric liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fibre", Electronics Letters, 45(12), 617 (2009). CrossRef V. Chigrinov, H-S Kwok, H. Takada, H. Takatsu, "Photo-aligning by azo-dyes: Physics and applications", Liquid Crystals Today, 14:4, 1-15, (2005) CrossRef A. Siarkowska, M. Jóźwik, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, V.G. Chigrinov, "Photo-alignment of liquid crystals in micro capillaries with point-by-point irradiation", Opto-Electon. Rev. 22, 178 (2014); CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A. K. Srivastava, A. M. W. Tam, T. R. Woliński, V. G. Chigrinov, H-S. Kwok, "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 16 (2014) CrossRef J-H Liou, T-H. Chang, T. Lin, Ch-P. Yu, "Reversible photo-induced long-period fiber gratings in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opt. Expr. 19, (7), 6756, (2011) CrossRef T. T. Alkeskjold, J. Laegsgaard, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, J. Broeng, J. Li, S-T. Wu, "All-optical modulation in dye-doped nematic liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Exp, 12 (24), 5857 (2004) CrossRef K. Ichimura, Y. Suzuki, T. Seki, A. Hosoki, K. Aoki, "Reversible change in alignment mode of nematic liquid crystals regulated photochemically by command surfaces modified with an azobenzene monolayer", Langmuir, 4, 1214 (1988) CrossRef http://www.beamco.com/Azobenzene-liquid-crystals DirectLink K. A. Rutkowska, K. Orzechowski, M. Sierakowski, "Wedge-cell technique as a simple and effective method for chromatic dispersion determination of liquid crystals", Phot. Lett, Poland, 8(2), 51 (2016). CrossRef L. Deng, H.-K. Liu, "Nonlinear optical limiting of the azo dye methyl-red doped nematic liquid crystalline films", Opt. Eng. 42, 2936-2941 (2003). CrossRef J. Si, J. Qiu, J. Guo, M. Wang, K. Hirao, "Photoinduced birefringence of azodye-doped materials by a femtosecond laser", Appl. Opt., 42, 7170-7173 (2008). CrossRef
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Verevkina, Ksenia, Ilya Verevkin, and Valeriy Yatsyshen. "Optical Diagnostics of Defects in Laminated Periodic Nanostructures." NBI Technologies, no. 1 (March 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2022.1.4.

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The purpose of this work is to study the features of the properties of a plane wave incident on a layered and periodic medium with an embedded defective layer. The relevance of the study of photonic crystals is due to the fact that this area of modern materials science is widely developing in the world of science. A confirmation of the large growth in development is the specificity of the versatile application and implementation of photonic crystals. For example, it becomes possible to create digital computing devices based on photonics. The possibility of creating new types of lasers with the lowest lasing threshold, high-efficiency LEDs, optical switches, and light guides is also not ruled out. The uniqueness of photonic crystals lies in their structure, the properties of which have a periodic change in the refractive index. These crystals, due to their peculiarity, do not transmit light with a wavelength comparable to the time of the crystal structure, since they remain transparent for a wide range of electrical radiation. Formulas for the energy reflection and transmission coefficients for layered, periodic media are derived and calculated. A basic component of a computer program for calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients of layered nanostructures has been developed. An analysis was made of an interstitial layer, in this case a defect, in a periodic layered structure such as a photonic crystal.
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Xiang, Hongming, Shu Yang, Emon Talukder, Chenyan Huang, and Kaikai Chen. "Research and Application Progress of Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals in Photocatalysis." Inorganics 11, no. 8 (August 15, 2023): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11080337.

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In order to solve the problem of low photocatalytic efficiency in photocatalytic products, researchers proposed a method to use inverse opal photonic crystal structure in photocatalytic materials. This is due to a large specific surface area and a variety of optical properties of the inverse opal photonic crystal, which are great advantages in photocatalytic performance. In this paper, the photocatalytic principle and preparation methods of three-dimensional inverse opal photonic crystals are introduced, including the preparation of basic inverse opal photonic crystals and the photocatalytic modification of inverse opal photonic crystals, and then the application progresses of inverse opal photonic crystal photocatalyst in sewage purification, production of clean energy and waste gas treatment are introduced.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Photonic crystals"

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Yamashita, Tsuyoshi. "Unraveling photonic bands : characterization of self-collimation in two-dimensional photonic crystals." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072005-104606/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Summers, Christopher, Committee Chair ; Chang, Gee-Kung, Committee Member ; Carter, Brent, Committee Member ; Wang, Zhong Lin, Committee Member ; Meindl, James, Committee Member ; Li, Mo, Committee Member.
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Upham, Jeremy. "Dynamic Photon Control by Photonic Crystals." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142228.

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Chen, Vincent W. "Fabrication and chemical modifications of photonic crystals produced by multiphoton lithography." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45918.

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This thesis is concerned with the fabrication methodology of polymeric photonic crystals operating in the visible to near infrared regions and the correlation between the chemical deposition morphologies and the resultant photonic stopband enhancements of photonic crystals. Multiphoton lithography (MPL) is a powerful approach to the fabrication of polymeric 3D micro- and nano-structures with a typical minimum feature size ~ 200 nm. The completely free-form 3D fabrication capability of MPL is very well suited to the formation of tailored photonic crystals (PCs), including structures containing well defined defects. Such structures are of considerable current interest as micro-optical devices for their filtering, stop-band, dispersion, resonator, or waveguiding properties. More specifically, the stop-band characteristics of polymer PCs can be finely controlled via nanoscale changes in rod spacings and the chemical functionalities at the polymer surface can be readily utilized to impart new optical properties. Nanoscale features as small as 65 ± 5 nm have been formed reproducibly by using 520 nm femtosecond pulsed excitation of a 4,4'-bis(di-n-butylamino)biphenyl chromophore to initiate crosslinking in a triacrylate blend. Dosimetry studies of the photoinduced polymerization were performed on chromophores with sizable two-photon absorption cross-sections at 520 and 730 nm. These studies show that sub-diffraction limited line widths are obtained in both cases with the lines written at 520 nm being smaller. Three-dimensional multiphoton lithography at 520 nm has been used to fabricate polymeric woodpile photonic crystal structures that show stop bands in the visible to near-infrared spectral region. 85 ± 4 nm features were formed using swollen gel photoresist by 730 nm excitation MPL. An index matching oil was used to induce chemical swelling of gel resists prior to MPL fabrication. When swollen matrices were subjected to multiphoton excitation, a similar excitation volume is achieved as in normal unswollen resins. However, upon deswelling of the photoresist following development a substantial reduction in feature size was obtained. PCs with high structural fidelity across 100 µm × 100 µm × 32 layers exhibited strong reflectivity (>60% compared to a gold mirror) in the near infrared region. The positions of the stop-bands were tuned by varying the swelling time, the exposure power (which modifies the feature sizes), and the layer spacing between rods. Silver coatings have been applied to PCs with a range of coverage densities and thicknesses using electroless deposition. Sparse coatings resulted in enhanced reflectivity for the stop band located at ~5 µm, suggesting improved interface reflectivity inside the photonic crystal due to the Ag coating. Thick coatings resulted in plasmonic bandgap behavior with broadband reflectivity enhancement and PC lattice related bandedge at 1.75 µm. Conformal titania coatings were grown onto the PCs via a surface sol-gel method. Uniform and smooth titania coatings were achieved, resulting in systematically red-shifted stopbands from their initial positions with increasing thicknesses, corresponding to the increased effective refractive index of the PC. High quality titania shell structures with modest stopbands were obtained after polymer removal. Gold replica structures were obtained by electroless deposition on the silica cell walls of naturally occurring diatoms and the subsequent silica removal. The micron-scaled periodic hole lattice originated from the diatom resulted in surface plasmon interferences when excited by infrared frequencies. The hole patterns were characterized and compared with hexagonal hole arrays fabricated by focused ion beam etching of similarly gold plated substrate. Modeling of the hole arrays concluded that while diatom replicas lack long-ranged periodicity, the local hole to hole spacings were sufficient to generate enhanced transmission of 13% at 4.2 µm. The work presented herein is a step towards the development of PCs with new optical and chemical functionalities. The ability to rapidly prototype polymeric PCs of various lattice parameters using MPL combined with facile coating chemistries to create structures with the desired optical properties offers a powerful means to produce tailored high performance photonic crystal devices.
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Ibanescu, Mihai 1977. "Cylindrical photonic crystals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32306.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-114).
In this thesis, we explore the properties of cylindrical photonic crystal waveguides in which light is confined laterally by the band gap of a cylindrically-layered photonic crystal. We show in particular that axially-uniform photonic band gap waveguides can exhibit novel behavior not encountered in their traditional index-guiding counterparts. Although the effects discussed in each chapter range from hollow-core transmission to zero and negative group velocity propagation and to high-Q cavity confinement, they are all a result of the photonic band gap guiding mechanism. The reflective cladding of the photonic crystal waveguide is unique in that it allows one to confine light in a low index of refraction region, and to work with guided modes whose dispersion relations lie above the light line of air, in a region where the longitudinal wave vector of the guided mode can approach zero. Chapter 2 discusses hollow-core photonic band gap fibers that can transmit light with minimal losses by confining almost all of the electromagnetic energy to a hollow core and preventing it from entering the lossy dielectric cladding. These fibers have many similarities with hollow metallic waveguides, including the fact that they support a non-degenerate low-loss annular-shaped mode. We also account for the main differences between metal waveguides and photonic band gap fibers with a simple model based on a single parameter, the phase shift upon reflection from the photonic crystal cladding. In Chapter 3 we combine the best properties of all-dielectric and metallic waveguides to create an all-dielectric coaxial waveguide that supports a guided mode with properties similar to those of the transverse electromagnetic mode of a coaxial cable.
(cont.) In Chapter 4, we introduce a mode-repulsion mechanism that can lead to anomalous dispersion relations, including extremely flattened dispersion relations, backward waves, and nonzero group velocity at zero longitudinal wave vector. The mechanism can be found in any axially-uniform reflective-cladding waveguide and originates in a mirror symmetry that exists only at zero longitudinal wave vector. In Chapter 5 we combine the anomalous dispersion relations discussed above with tunable waveguides to obtain new approaches for the time reversal (phase conjugation) and the time delay of light pulses. Chapter 6 discusses a new mechanism for small-modal-volume high-Q cavities based on a zero group velocity waveguide mode. In a short piece of a uniform waveguide having a specially designed cross section, light is confined longitudinally by small group velocity propagation and transversely by a reflective cladding. The quality factor Q is greatly enhanced by the small group velocity for a set of cavity lengths that are determined by the dispersion relation of the initial waveguide mode. In Chapter 7, we present a surprising result concerning the strength of band gap confinement in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. We show that a saddle-point van Hove singularity in a band adjacent to a photonic crystal band gap can lead to photonic crystal structures that defy the conventional wisdom according to which the strongest band-gap confinement is found at frequencies near the midgap.
b y Mihai Ibanescu.
Ph.D.
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Fink, Yoel 1966. "Polymeric photonic crystals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9291.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2000.
"February 2000."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-129).
Two novel and practical methods for controlling the propagation of light are presented: First. a design criterion that permits truly omnidirectional reflectivity for all polarizations of incident light over a wide selectable range of frequencies is derived and used in fabricating an all dielectric omnidirectional reflector consisting of multilayer films. Because the omnidirectionality criterion is general, it can be used to design omnidirectional reflectors in many frequency ranges of interest. Potential uses depend on the geometry of the system. For example, coating of an enclosure will result in an optical cavity. A hollow tube will produce a low-loss, broadband waveguide, planar film could be used as an efficient radiative heat barrier or collector in thermoelectric devices. A comprehensive framework2 for creating one, two and three dimensional photonic crystals out of self-assembling block copolymers has been formulated. In order to form useful band gaps in the visible regime, periodic dielectric structures made of typical block copolymers need to be modified to obtain appropriate characteristic distances and dielectric constants. Moreover, the absorption and defect concentration must also be ~ontrolled. This affords the opportunity to tap into the large structural repertoire, the flexibility and intrinsic tunability that these self-assembled block copolymer systems offer. A block copolymer was used to achieve a self assembled photonic band gap in the visible regime. By swelling the diblock copolymer with lower molecular weight constituents control over the location of the stop band across the visible regime is achieved, One and three-dimensional crystals have been formed by changing the volume fraction of the swelling media. Methods for incorporating defects of prescribed dimensions into the self-assembled structures have been explored leading to the construction of a self assembled microcavity light-emitting device.
by Yoel Fink.
Ph.D.
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6

Kurt, Hamza. "Photonic crystals analysis, design and biochemical sensing applications /." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06252006-174301/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Papapolymerou, John, Committee Member ; Adibi, Ali, Committee Member ; Citrin, David, Committee Chair ; Summers, Christopher, Committee Member ; Voss, Paul, Committee Member.
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Dzibrou, Dzmitry. "Complex Oxide Photonic Crystals." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11068.

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Microphotonics has been offering a body of ideas to prospective applicationsin optics. Among those, the concept of photonic integrated circuits (PIC’s) has recently spurred a substantial excitement into the scientific community. Relisation of the PIC’s becomes feasible as the size shrinkage of the optical elements is accomplished. The elements based on photonic crystals (PCs) represent promising candidacy for manufacture of PIC’s. This thesis is devoted to tailoring of optical properties and advanced modelling of two types of photonic crystals: (Bi3Fe5O12/Sm3Ga5O12)m and (TiO2/Er2O3)m potentially applicable in the role optical isolators and optical amplifiers, respectively. Deposition conditions of titanium dioxide were first investigated to maximise refractive index and minimise absorption as well as surface roughness of titania films. It was done employing three routines: deposition at elevated substrate temperatures, regular annealing in thermodynamically equilibrium conditions and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). RTA at 500 oC was shown to provide the best optical performance giving a refractive index of 2.53, an absorption coefficient of 404 cm−1 and a root-mean-square surface roughness of 0.6 nm. Advanced modelling of transmittance and Faraday rotation for the PCs (Bi3Fe5O12/Sm3Ga5O12)5 and (TiO2/Er2O3)6 was done using the 4 × 4 matrix formalism of Višňovský. The simulations for the constituent materials in the forms of single films were performed using the Swanepoel and Višňovský formulae. This enabled generation of the dispersion relations for diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the permittivity tensors relating to the materials. These dispersion relations were utilised to produce dispersion relations for complex refractive indices of the materials. Integration of the complex refractive indices into the 4 × 4 matrix formalism allowed computation of transmittance and Faraday rotation of the PCs. The simulation results were found to be in a good agreement with the experimental ones proving such a simulation approach is an excellent means of engineering PCs.

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Zhang, Shuo. "Phosphors and photonic crystals." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2008. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8404/.

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Y2WO6: RE, Y2O2S: RE, Gd2O2S: RE phosphors have been prepared using the urea homogeneous precipitation method and firing. Stokes luminescence properties of Y2WO6: RE excited with a FRED (frequency doubled argon ion) UV laser (257 nm) have been studied. The emissions have been assigned to their corresponding energy levels. Differences in the emission spectra of Y2WO6: RE, Y2O2S: RE, Gd2O2S: RE and Y2O3: RE have been attributed to the different site symmetries of the rare earth ions and to the different phonon energies of the lattices. Fine nanostructures present within butterfly wing scales have been faithfully replicated using a precursor Y2O3: Eu phosphor solution. Monodisperse polystyrene spheres and SiO2 spheres were synthesised and they were used to synthesise well ordered bare opal templates. Photonic phosphor crystals of Y2O3: Eu, Tb, Gd and Y2O3: Tm were synthesised using these templates to study the photonic band gap properties. Nano-sized Y2O3: Eu phosphors have been successfully incorporated into mono-dispersed silica spheres which have been assembled into photonic crystals. It has been observed that when light-emitting phosphors (e.g. Y2O3: Eu) and dyes (e.g. acid red dye) are incorporated into the opal structures, their emission spectra are modified when the stopbands of the opals overlap the emission bands of the light-emitting materials.
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Urbas, Augustine M. (Augustine Michael) 1974. "Block copolymer photonic crystals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29977.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-162).
This thesis explores the photonic properties of block copolymer systems. One dimensionally periodic dielectric stacks are fabricated with symmetric, lamellar forming, copolymer systems: diblock copolymers, solvent swollen BCP materials, and homopolymer swollen BCP blends. Each system exhibits reflectivity in visible spectrum. These materials are also investigated for their phononic band properties by Brillouin scattering. A copolymer forming the three dimensional double gyroid at optically relevant length scales and its reflective properties are presented as well. Experimental results document the initial observation of photonic optical properties related to the microstructure of a block copolymer. One dimensionally periodic, lamellar polymer block copolymer systems of poly(styrene-b-isoprene) are used to fabricate multilayered optical structures with a range of lamellar dimensions. The lamellar repeat of the copolymer morphology is shown to be adjustable by blending symmetric amounts of like homopolymers of lower molecular weight with the copolymer. The composition of the blends remains symmetric and the morphology is shown to remain lamellar. An isopleth of composition is examined and photonic crystals containing up to 60 wt % homopolymer exhibit wavelength selective reflectivity from the ordered morphology. The wavelength of reflectivity is correlated with the lamellar repeat spacing and morphology. The optical properties of solvent swollen ultrahigh molecular weight block copolymers are examined. The wavelength selective reflectivity is shown to correlate with the expected behavior of the phase segregated morphology. Deformation sensitive ordered gels are fabricated by using a non-volatile, alkyl phthalate plasticizer. The optical properties are shown to respond to the material strain. A simple demonstration of the visualization of the strain field of a deforming system is presented. In addition these gels are shown to exhibit phononic band gap behavior. The system is studied by Brillouin scattering and resonant phonons arising from the morphology are predicted and observed. Three dimensionally periodic photonic crystals formed of a double gyroid styrene- isoprene diblock copolymer are also documented. The copolymer material is considered as formed and also after a series of processing steps.
(cont.) Etching of the isoprene matrix is demonstrated yielding a free standing air-styrene double gyroid. This material is then used to replicate the matrix geometry in titania by infiltration with a sol-gel precursor and subsequent pyrolysis. The structure of the double gyroid material is examined via x-ray scattering and electron microscopy. The photonic band properties of the double gyroid structure for multiple constituent materials with a broad range of refractive indices are examined. Features in optical measurements resulting from the double gyroid structure are observed consistent with the 250nm cubic lattice parameter. A block copolymer photonic crystal platform is outlined and presented. Acousto-optic, phononic crystal properties are noted in these materials and applications are discussed. Strategies for creating a block copolymer based material with an absolute band gap ...
by Augustine M. Urbas.
Ph.D.
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Witzens, Jeremy Scherer Axel. "Dispersion in photonic crystals /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2005. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05242005-094353.

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Books on the topic "Photonic crystals"

1

Photonic crystals: Physics and technology. Milano: Springer, 2008.

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Sukhoivanov, Igor A., and Igor V. Guryev. Photonic Crystals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02646-1.

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Inoue, Kuon, and Kazuo Ohtaka, eds. Photonic Crystals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40032-5.

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Skorobogatiy, Maksim. Fundamentals of photonic crystal guiding. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Sibilia, C. Photonic crystals: Physics and technology. Milano: Springer, 2008.

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Slusher, Richard E., and Benjamin J. Eggleton, eds. Nonlinear Photonic Crystals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05144-3.

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Hsieh, Pin-Chun. Photon Transport in Disordered Photonic Crystals. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2015.

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K, Busch, ed. Photonic crystals: Advances in design, fabrication, and characterization. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2004.

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1964-, Prather Dennis W., ed. Photonic crystals: Theory, applications, and fabrication. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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Noda, Susumu, and Toshihiko Baba, eds. Roadmap on Photonic Crystals. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3716-5.

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Book chapters on the topic "Photonic crystals"

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Baba, T. "Photonic Crystals." In Mesoscopic Physics and Electronics, 167–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71976-9_21.

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Xia, Younan, Kaori Kamata, and Yu Lu. "Photonic Crystals." In Introduction to Nanoscale Science and Technology, 505–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-7757-2_21.

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McGurn, Arthur. "Photonic Crystals." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 93–158. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77072-7_3.

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Pollock, Clifford R., and Michal Lipson. "Photonic Crystals." In Integrated Photonics, 335–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5522-0_13.

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Korotcenkov, Ghenadii. "Photonic Crystals." In Integrated Analytical Systems, 111–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7388-6_6.

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Kitzerow, Heinz-Siegfried, and Johann-Peter Reithmaier. "Tunable Photonic Crystals Using Liquid Crystals." In Photonic Crystals, 174–97. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527602593.ch9.

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Inoue, K. "Introduction." In Photonic Crystals, 1–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40032-5_1.

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Inoue, K., K. Ohtaka, and S. Noda. "Interaction Between Light and Matter in Photonic Crystals." In Photonic Crystals, 211–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40032-5_10.

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Baba, T. "Photonic Crystal Devices." In Photonic Crystals, 237–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40032-5_11.

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Asakawa, K., and K. Inoue. "Application to Ultrafast Optical Planar Integrated Circuits." In Photonic Crystals, 261–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40032-5_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Photonic crystals"

1

Wong, Chee Wei, Xiaodong Yang, James F. McMillan, and Chad A. Husko. "Photonic crystals and silicon photonics." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2006, edited by Louay A. Eldada and El-Hang Lee. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.652641.

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Toshihiko Baba. "Photonic crystals and silicon photonics." In 2008 International Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inow.2008.4634438.

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Noda, S. "Photonic Crystals for Society 5.0 － Photonic-Crystal Lasers －." In 2019 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2019.pl-04.

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Alpeggiani, F., and L. Kuipers. "Topological Photonics with Bichromatic Photonic Crystals." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2018.ftu5e.4.

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Baba, Toshihiko. "Photonic Integration Based on Si Photonics and Photonic Crystals." In Optoelectronics and Communications Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oecc.2021.m3d.1.

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McIntosh, K. A., L. J. Mahoney, K. M. Molvar, O. B. McMahon, M. Rothschild, and E. R. Brown. "Infrared Metallodielectric Photonic Crystals." In Spatial Light Modulators. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slmo.1997.smc.2.

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During the past several years there has been significant research involving the design, measurement, and theory of periodic dielectric structures that exhibit a photonic bandgap.1 These photonic crystal structures could be useful in many applications that require frequency specific optical modulators or reflectors. As demonstrated recently at microwave frequencies, photonic crystal structures that incorporate metallic scattering centers can exhibit large electromagnetic stop bands.2 The resulting structures are referred to as metallodielectric photonic crystals (MDPCs). We report here progress in developing MDPCs with stop bands in the infrared. Using standard microelectronic techniques we have fabricated arrays of 3-dimensional photonic crystals on silicon substrates. The metallic "atoms" are laid out in a (100)-oriented fee arrangement as seen from the normal to the plane of the substrate. Stop-band characteristics of fabricated IR MDPC samples have been measured using the technique of Fourier-transform spectroscopy. Rejection levels of up to 20 dB are found in the stop bands of some of the structures. IR MDPC results are compared with measurements made on microwave-scale MDPC structures to help in understanding the infrared results.
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Shepherd, T. J. "Photonic Band Gaps." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.tut1.

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Photonic band gaps are ranges of frequency within which electromagnetic propagation is completely forbidden. They are present in certain materials which possess a periodicity of permittivity at the wavelength scale. Materials with these extreme properties are not known to occur naturally, and. at the optical wavelength scale, require fabrication methods at the current limits of technological feasibility. Such a photonic crystal provides a lossless barrier to propagation, and can suppress the emission of a photon by a decaying atom if the frequency of the emitted photon lies within the gap. A preferred propagation route, or mode, can be specified by designed defects within the photonic crystal; thus it is expected that I photonic crystals can provide a means whereby spontaneous emission is controlled in active media, and that all the spontaneously emitted light enters a single mode, resulting in an ideal zero-threshold laser. More generally, the photonic density of states is altered in these materials, and spontaneous emission can be enhanced or suppressed, as required. Other applications include novel all-angle reflectors, narrow-band filters, resonators, waveguides, and delay lines. When the fabrication problems for optical photonic crystals have been conquered, wavelength-scale periodic media will form an essential functions in a large range of optoelectronic systems.
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Khoo, Iam-Choon, Chun-Wei Chen, Tsung-Hsien Lin, and Ting-Mao Feng. "Dual-frequency field assembly of over mm-thick nonlinear chiral photonic crystals for advanced photonic applications." In Liquid Crystals XXVII, edited by Iam Choon Khoo. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2678029.

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Noda, Susumu. "Manipulation of Photons by Photonic Crystals." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2006.ftuo1.

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Burger, Sven, Roland Klose, Achim Schaedle, Frank Schmidt, and Lin W. Zschiedrich. "FEM modeling of 3D photonic crystals and photonic crystal waveguides." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2005, edited by Yakov Sidorin and Christoph A. Waechter. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.585895.

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Reports on the topic "Photonic crystals"

1

Brown, E. R. Wideband Photonic Crystals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299189.

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Glushko, E. Ya, and A. N. Stepanyuk. Pneumatic photonic crystals: properties and application in sensing and metrology. [б. в.], 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2875.

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A pneumatic photonic crystal i.e. a medium containing regularly distributed gas-filled voids divided by elastic walls is proposed as an optical indicator of pressure and temperature. The indicator includes layered elastic platform, optical fibers and switching valves, all enclosed into a chamber. We have investigated theoretically distribution of deformation and pressure inside a pneumatic photonic crystal, its bandgap structure and light reflection changes depending on external pressure and temperature.
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Figotin, Alex. (AASERT 97) Properties of Photonic Crystals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387065.

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Kodan, Daniel H., and Peter W. Chung. Simulating Photonic Band Gaps in Crystals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469800.

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LIN, SHAWN-YU, JAMES G. FLEMING, and JOSEPH A. MORENO. Photonic Crystals for Enhancing Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809620.

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LIN, SHAWN-YU, JAMES G. FLEMING, and JOSEPH A. MORENO. Photonic Crystals for Enhancing Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809625.

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Katsuyama, Toshio. Design and Fabrication of Robust Photonic Crystals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada512626.

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Adibi, Ali. Chip-Scale WDM Devices Using Photonic Crystals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada461016.

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El-Kady, Ihab Fathy. Modeling of Photonic Band Gap Crystals and Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804535.

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Norris, David J., Andreas Stein, and Steven M. George. Modification of Thermal Emission via Metallic Photonic Crystals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1046967.

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