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Woliński, Tomasz, Sławomir Ertman, Katarzyna Rutkowska, Daniel Budaszewski, Marzena Sala-Tefelska, Miłosz Chychłowski, Kamil Orzechowski, Karolina Bednarska, and Piotr Lesiak. "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers – 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907.
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Research activities in the area of photonic liquid crystal fibers carried out over the last 15 years at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) have been reviewed and current research directions that include metallic nanoparticles doping to enhance electro-optical properties of the photonic liquid crystal fibers are presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a photonic crystal fiber filled with a low-birefringence liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE, 5518, 232-237 (2004). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S.-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2181-2183 (2004). CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express, 11, 20, 2589-2596 (2003). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13, 2, 59-64 (2005). CrossRef M. Chychłowski, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, "Splay orientation in a capillary", Phot. Lett. Pol. 2, 1, 31-33 (2010). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic liquid crystal fibers — a new challenge for fiber optics and liquid crystals photonics", Opto-Electron. Rev. 14, 4, 329-334 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 985-991 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications", IEEE Trans. Inst. Meas. 57, 8, 1796-1802 (2008). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, et al., "Multi-Parameter Sensing Based on Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 502: 220-234., (2009). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, Xiao G and Bock WJ Photonics sensing: principle and applications for safety and security monitoring, (New Jersey, Wiley, 147-181, 2012). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a polymer-based photonic liquid crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. A 115, 2, 569-574 (2014). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol., 35, 16, 3399-3405 (2017). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Recent Progress in Liquid-Crystal Optical Fibers and Their Applications in Photonics", J. Lightwave Technol., 37, 11, 2516-2526 (2019). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Electric Field Sensing With Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers Based on Micro-Electrodes Systems", J. Lightwave Technol., 33, 2, 2405-2411, (2015). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 8, 1208-1214 (2012). CrossRef K. Mileńko, S. Ertman, T. R. Woliński, "Numerical analysis of birefringence tuning in high index microstructured fiber selectively filled with liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8794 (2013). CrossRef O. Jaworska and S. Ertman, "Photonic bandgaps in selectively filled photonic crystal fibers", Phot. Lett. Pol., 9, 3, 79-81 (2017). CrossRef I.C. Khoo, S.T.Wu, "Optics and Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals", World Scientific (1993). CrossRef P. Lesiak et al., "Thermal optical nonlinearity in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals doped with gold nanoparticles", Proc. SPIE 10228, 102280N (2017). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, T. Woliński, "Modeling of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 2, 3, 107 (2010). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, L-W. Wei, "Assessment on the applicability of finite difference methods to model light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 4, 4, 161 (2012). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, U. Laudyn, P. Jung, "Nonlinear discrete light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 5, 1, 17 (2013). CrossRef M. Murek, K. Rutkowska, "Two laser beams interaction in photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with highly nonlinear materials", Photon. Lett. Poland 6, 2, 74 (2014). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 558, 184-193, (2012). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Propagation Effects in Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers with a Complex Structure", Acta Phys. Pol. A, 118, 1259-1261 (2010). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Polarization properties of cubic blue phases of a cholesteric liquid crystal", Opt. Mater. 69, 259-264 (2017). CrossRef H. Yoshida et al., "Heavy meson spectroscopy under strong magnetic field", Phys. Rev. E 94, 042703 (2016). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef C.-W. Chen et al., "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Express 20, 23978-23984 (2012). CrossRef C.-H. Lee et al., "Polarization-independent bistable light valve in blue phase liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Opt. 52, 4849-4853 (2013). CrossRef D. Poudereux et al., "Infiltration of a photonic crystal fiber with cholesteric liquid crystal and blue phase", Proc. SPIE 9290 (2014). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Optical properties of cubic blue phase liquid crystal in photonic microstructures", Opt. Express 27, 10, 14270-14282 (2019). CrossRef M. Wahle, J. Ebel, D. Wilkes, H.S. Kitzerow, "Asymmetric band gap shift in electrically addressed blue phase photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Express 24, 20, 22718-22729 (2016). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Investigation of the Kerr effect in a blue phase liquid crystal using a wedge-cell technique", Phot. Lett. Pol. 9, 2, 54-56 (2017). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "Influence of cylindrical geometry and alignment layers on the growth process and selective reflection of blue phase domains", Opt. Mater. 75, 211-215 (2018). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "The influence of orienting layers on blue phase liquid crystals in rectangular geometries", Phot. Lett. Pol. 10, 4, 100-102 (2018). CrossRef P. G. de Gennes JP. The Physics of Liquid Crystals. (Oxford University Press 1995). CrossRef L.M. Blinov and V.G. Chigrinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, NY: Springer New York 1994). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A.J. Srivastava, V.G. Chigrinov, T.R. Woliński, "Electro-optical properties of photo-aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibres", Liq. Cryst., 46 2, 272-280 (2019). CrossRef V. G. Chigrinov, V. M. Kozenkov, H-S. Kwok. Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2008). CrossRef M. Schadt et al., "Surface-Induced Parallel Alignment of Liquid Crystals by Linearly Polymerized Photopolymers", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.31, 2155-2164 (1992). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 4679 (2014). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, et al., "Photo‐aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibers", J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23, 196-201 (2015). CrossRef O. Stamatoiu, J. Mirzaei, X. Feng, T. Hegmann, "Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles", Top Curr Chem 318, 331-392 (2012). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Titanium nanoparticles doping of 5CB infiltrated microstructured optical fibers", Photonics Lett. Pol. 8 1, 29-31 (2016). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 8, 2790-2801 (2017). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Nanoparticles-enhanced photonic liquid crystal fibers", J. Mol. Liq. 267, 271-278 (2018). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Opt. Exp. 27, 10, 14260-14269 (2019). CrossRef
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Alnasser, Khadijah, Steve Kamau, Noah Hurley, Jingbiao Cui, and Yuankun Lin. "Photonic Band Gaps and Resonance Modes in 2D Twisted Moiré Photonic Crystal." Photonics 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100408.
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The study of twisted bilayer 2D materials has revealed many interesting physics properties. A twisted moiré photonic crystal is an optical analog of twisted bilayer 2D materials. The optical properties in twisted photonic crystals have not yet been fully elucidated. In this paper, we generate 2D twisted moiré photonic crystals without physical rotation and simulate their photonic band gaps in photonic crystals formed at different twisted angles, different gradient levels, and different dielectric filling factors. At certain gradient levels, interface modes appear within the photonic band gap. The simulation reveals “tic tac toe”-like and “traffic circle”-like modes as well as ring resonance modes. These interesting discoveries in 2D twisted moiré photonic crystal may lead toward its application in integrated photonics.
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Defvi, Eunike Friska, and Lita Rahmasari. "Photonic Crystals based Biosensors in Various Biomolecules Applications." Physics Communication 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/physcomm.v7i2.43447.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past decades, photonic crystals have emerged as interesting photonic structures. It plays a vital role in many fields of optical communication, biomedical sensing, and other applications due to its compactness, high sensitivity, high selectivity, fast responsiveness, etc. Strong light confinement in photonic crystals and adjustment of its geometrical parameters have led to the emergence of photonic crystal biosensors. Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and disorders in clinical settings worldwide. Photonics crystal-based biosensor is one of the solutions to detect various diseases. By using literature review method, this paper aims to explore applications of photonic crystal-based biosensors to encounter the sensitivity of various biomolecules for cancer, malaria, and blood components detection.
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Lin, Shawn-Yu, J. G. Fleming, and E. Chow. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Built with VLSI Tools." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.157.
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The drive toward miniature photonic devices has been hindered by our inability to tightly control and manipulate light. Moreover, photonics technologies are typically not based on silicon and, until recently, only indirectly benefited from the rapid advances being made in silicon processing technology. In the first part of this article, the successful fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals using silicon processing will be discussed. This advance has been made possible through the use of integrated-circuit (IC) fabrication technologies (e.g., very largescale integration, VLSI) and may enable the penetration of Si processing into photonics. In the second part, we describe the creation of 2D photonic-crystal slabs operating at the λ = 1.55 μm communications wavelength. This class of 2D photonic crystals is particularly promising for planar on-chip guiding, trapping, and switching of light.
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Budaszewski, Daniel, and Tomasz R. Woliński. "Light propagation in a photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with mesogenic azobenzene dyes." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.730.
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In this paper, light propagation in an isotropic photonic crystal fiber as well in a silica-glass microcapillary infiltrated with a mesogenic azobenzene dye has been investigated. It appeared that light spectrum guided inside the photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with the investigated azobenzene dye depends on the illuminating wavelength of the absorption band and on linear polarization. Also, alignment of the mesogenic azobenzene dye molecules inside silica glass microcapillaries and photonic crystal fibers has been investigated. Results obtained may lead to a new design of optically tunable photonic devices. Full Text: PDF ReferencesP. Russell. St. J. "Photonic-Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729 (2006). CrossRef T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Exp. 11, 2589 (2003). CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, A. Asquini, E. E. Kriezis, A. d'Alessandro, R. Beccherelli, "Guided-wave liquid-crystal photonics", Lab Chip, 12, 3598 (2012). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett 85, 2181 (2004) CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, E. E. Kriezis, "Tunable Polarization Properties of Hybrid-Guiding Liquid-Crystal Photonic Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 27 (6), 773 (2009) CrossRef S. Ertman, M. Tefelska, M. Chychłowski, A. Rodriquez, D. Pysz, R. Buczyński, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dąbrowski, T. R. Woliński. "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 1208 (2012). CrossRef D. Noordegraaf, L. Scolari, J. Laegsgaard, L. Rindorf, T. T. Alkeskjold, "Electrically and mechanically induced long period gratings in liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Expr. 15, 7901 (2007) CrossRef M. M. Tefelska, M. S. Chychlowski, T. R. Wolinski, R. Dabrowski, W. Rejmer, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, P. Mergo, "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 558(1), 184 (2012). CrossRef S. Mathews, Y. Semenova, G. Farrell, "Electronic tunability of ferroelectric liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fibre", Electronics Letters, 45(12), 617 (2009). CrossRef V. Chigrinov, H-S Kwok, H. Takada, H. Takatsu, "Photo-aligning by azo-dyes: Physics and applications", Liquid Crystals Today, 14:4, 1-15, (2005) CrossRef A. Siarkowska, M. Jóźwik, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, V.G. Chigrinov, "Photo-alignment of liquid crystals in micro capillaries with point-by-point irradiation", Opto-Electon. Rev. 22, 178 (2014); CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A. K. Srivastava, A. M. W. Tam, T. R. Woliński, V. G. Chigrinov, H-S. Kwok, "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 16 (2014) CrossRef J-H Liou, T-H. Chang, T. Lin, Ch-P. Yu, "Reversible photo-induced long-period fiber gratings in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opt. Expr. 19, (7), 6756, (2011) CrossRef T. T. Alkeskjold, J. Laegsgaard, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, J. Broeng, J. Li, S-T. Wu, "All-optical modulation in dye-doped nematic liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Exp, 12 (24), 5857 (2004) CrossRef K. Ichimura, Y. Suzuki, T. Seki, A. Hosoki, K. Aoki, "Reversible change in alignment mode of nematic liquid crystals regulated photochemically by command surfaces modified with an azobenzene monolayer", Langmuir, 4, 1214 (1988) CrossRef http://www.beamco.com/Azobenzene-liquid-crystals DirectLink K. A. Rutkowska, K. Orzechowski, M. Sierakowski, "Wedge-cell technique as a simple and effective method for chromatic dispersion determination of liquid crystals", Phot. Lett, Poland, 8(2), 51 (2016). CrossRef L. Deng, H.-K. Liu, "Nonlinear optical limiting of the azo dye methyl-red doped nematic liquid crystalline films", Opt. Eng. 42, 2936-2941 (2003). CrossRef J. Si, J. Qiu, J. Guo, M. Wang, K. Hirao, "Photoinduced birefringence of azodye-doped materials by a femtosecond laser", Appl. Opt., 42, 7170-7173 (2008). CrossRef
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Olyaee, Saeed. "Ultra-fast and compact all-optical encoder based on photonic crystal nano-resonator without using nonlinear materials." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.890.
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In this paper an ultra-compact all-optical encoder is presented by using a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The designed logic gate is based on the interference effect. The proposed structure consists of several photonic crystal waveguides connected by 2 nano-resonators. The nano-resonators are designed to reduce the size of the radius of the dielectric rods. The contrast ratios and delay time for the proposed all-optical encoder are respectively 6 dB and 125 fs. The size of the structure is equal to 132 µm2. Equality of the output power in the logic states “one”, the small dimensions, the low delay time, compact and simple structure have shown that the logic gate is suitable for the using in optical integrated circuits. Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Salmanpour, Sh. Mohammadnejad, A. Bahrami, "Photonic crystal logic gates: an overview", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 2249 (2015). CrossRef S. C. Xavier, B. E. Carolin, A. p. Kabilan, W. Johnson, "Compact photonic crystal integrated circuit for all-optical logic operation", IET Optoelectronics. 10, 142 (2016). CrossRef Y. Miyoshi, K. Ikeda, H. Tobioka, T. Inoue, S. Namiki, K. Kitayama, "Ultrafast all-optical logic gate using a nonlinear optical loop mirror based multi-periodic transfer function", Optics Express. 16, 2570 (2008). CrossRef D. K. Gayen, A. Bhattachryya, T. Chattopadhyay, J. N. Roy, "Ultrafast All-Optical Half Adder Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer", Journal of Lightwave Technology. 30, 3387 (2012). CrossRef A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, "All-optical NOT and XOR logic gates using photonic crystal nano-resonator and based on an interference effect", IET Optoelectronics. 12, 191 (2018). CrossRef Z. Mohebbi, N. Nozhat, F. Emami, "High contrast all-optical logic gates based on 2D nonlinear photonic crystal", Optics Communications. 355, 130 (2015). CrossRef M. Mansouri-Birjandi, M. Ghadrdan, "Full-optical tunable add/drop filter based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators", Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications. 21, 44 (2016). CrossRef H. Alipour-Banaei, S. Serajmohammadi, F. Mehdizadeh, "Effect of scattering rods in the frequency response of photonic crystal demultiplexers", Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials. 17, 259 (2015). DirectLink A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, H. Arman, "Optical Biochemical Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Nano-ring Resonators for the Detection of Protein Concentration", Current Nanoscience. 13, 421 (2017). CrossRef S. Olyaee, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, "Designing a novel photonic crystal nano-ring resonator for biosensor application", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 1881 (2015). CrossRef F. Parandin, R. Malmir, M. Naseri, A. Zahedi, "Reconfigurable all-optical NOT, XOR, and NOR logic gates based on two dimensional photonic crystals", Superlattices and Microstructures. 113, 737 (2018). CrossRef F. Mehdizadeh, M. Soroosh, H. Alipour-Banaei, "Proposal for 4-to-2 optical encoder based on photonic crystals", IET Optoelectronics. 11, 29 (2017). CrossRef M. Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, H. Alipour-Banaei, "A novel all optical reversible 4 × 2 encoder based on photonic crystals", Optik. 126, 2368 (2015). CrossRef T. A. Moniem, "All-optical digital 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D photonic crystal ring resonators", Journal of Modern Optics. 63, 735 (2016). CrossRef S. Gholamnejad, M. Zavvari, "Design and analysis of all-optical 4–2 binary encoder based on photonic crystal", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 49, 302 (2017). CrossRef H. Seif-Dargahi, "Ultra-fast all-optical encoder using photonic crystal-based ring resonators", Photonic Network Communications. 36, 272 (2018). CrossRef S. Olyaee, M. Seifouri, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, and M. Sardari, "Realization of all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates based on interference effect with high contrast ratio and ultra-compacted size", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 50, 12 (2018). CrossRef C. J. Wu, C. P. Liu, Z. Ouyang, "Compact and low-power optical logic NOT gate based on photonic crystal waveguides without optical amplifiers and nonlinear materials", Applied Optics.51, 680 (2012). CrossRef Y. C. Jiang, S. B. Liu, H. F. Zhang, X. K. Kong. "Realization of all optical half-adder based on self-collimated beams by two-dimensional photonic crystals", Optics Communications. 348, 90 (2015). CrossRef A. Salmanpour, S. Mohammadnejad, P. T. Omran, "All-optical photonic crystal NOT and OR logic gates using nonlinear Kerr effect and ring resonators", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 3689 (2015). CrossRef E. H. Shaik, N. Rangaswamy, "Single photonic crystal structure for realization of NAND and NOR logic functions by cascading basic gates", Journal of Computational Electronics. 17, 337 (2018). CrossRef
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Christensen, Thomas, Charlotte Loh, Stjepan Picek, Domagoj Jakobović, Li Jing, Sophie Fisher, Vladimir Ceperic, John D. Joannopoulos, and Marin Soljačić. "Predictive and generative machine learning models for photonic crystals." Nanophotonics 9, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0197.
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AbstractThe prediction and design of photonic features have traditionally been guided by theory-driven computational methods, spanning a wide range of direct solvers and optimization techniques. Motivated by enormous advances in the field of machine learning, there has recently been a growing interest in developing complementary data-driven methods for photonics. Here, we demonstrate several predictive and generative data-driven approaches for the characterization and inverse design of photonic crystals. Concretely, we built a data set of 20,000 two-dimensional photonic crystal unit cells and their associated band structures, enabling the training of supervised learning models. Using these data set, we demonstrate a high-accuracy convolutional neural network for band structure prediction, with orders-of-magnitude speedup compared to conventional theory-driven solvers. Separately, we demonstrate an approach to high-throughput inverse design of photonic crystals via generative adversarial networks, with the design goal of substantial transverse-magnetic band gaps. Our work highlights photonic crystals as a natural application domain and test bed for the development of data-driven tools in photonics and the natural sciences.
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Hao, Shi. "Study on the Effect of Material Absorption of Photonic Crystals on Transverse Magnetic Wave Band." Materials Physics and Chemistry 1, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/mpc.v1i1.562.
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<p align="justify">Photonic crystals are a major discovery in physics and have an important influence on our present life. The biggest feature of the photonic crystals is that they have bandgap which can block photons of a certain frequency, thus affecting the photon movement. This effect resembles the influence of the semiconductor body on electrons. Therefore, research and discovery of the photonic crystal have a broad prospect and people have large expectation on the photonic crystal. The emergence of photonic crystals makes it possible for the miniaturization and integration of some aspects of information technology. Their structure studies enable us to determines their characteristics, thus the discovery of the photonic crystal structure and function will lay the foundation for the study of its application. In this paper, the study focuses on the research of material absorption of photonic crystal on Transverse Magnetic (TM) wave band. Firstly, the basic knowledge and principle of photonic crystal are introduced. Then, the research is carried out to study the effect of characteristic matrix method on photon crystal TM energy wave. </p><p align="justify"> </p>
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Xiang, Hongming, Shu Yang, Emon Talukder, Chenyan Huang, and Kaikai Chen. "Research and Application Progress of Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals in Photocatalysis." Inorganics 11, no. 8 (August 15, 2023): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11080337.
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In order to solve the problem of low photocatalytic efficiency in photocatalytic products, researchers proposed a method to use inverse opal photonic crystal structure in photocatalytic materials. This is due to a large specific surface area and a variety of optical properties of the inverse opal photonic crystal, which are great advantages in photocatalytic performance. In this paper, the photocatalytic principle and preparation methods of three-dimensional inverse opal photonic crystals are introduced, including the preparation of basic inverse opal photonic crystals and the photocatalytic modification of inverse opal photonic crystals, and then the application progresses of inverse opal photonic crystal photocatalyst in sewage purification, production of clean energy and waste gas treatment are introduced.
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Astrova, Ekaterina V., V. A. Tolmachev, Yulia A. Zharova, Galya V. Fedulova, A. V. Baldycheva, and Tatiana S. Perova. "Silicon Periodic Structures and their Liquid Crystal Composites." Solid State Phenomena 156-158 (October 2009): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.156-158.547.
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This paper summarises results on the design, fabrication and characterisation of one-dimensional (1D) Photonic Crystals (PCs) for silicon micro-photonics. Anisotropic and photo-electrochemical etching were used to obtain silicon wall arrays with a high aspect ratio. The characteristics of these wet etching techniques, including their advantages and disadvantages are considered. Optical reflection and transmission spectra of the photonic structures fabricated were characterised by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) micro-spectroscopy over a wide spectral range of =1.5-14.5m. These measurements reveal that side-wall roughness impacts the optical properties of 1D PCs. Problems associated with Photonic Band-Gap (PBG) tuning in periodic structures infiltrated with nematic liquid crystals are discussed. A design of a composite 1D PC on an SOI platform for electro-tuning is proposed. The structure was fabricated and tuning due to an electro-optical effect with E7 liquid crystal filler was demonstrated.
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Sidorov A. I. and Vidimina Yu. O. "Temperature sensor on base of pne-dimensional photonic crystal with defect." Optics and Spectroscopy 130, no. 9 (2022): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2022.09.54840.3355-22.
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The results of computer simulation of optical properties of one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal with defect, based on semiconductor-dielectric layers are presented. As semiconductor silicon and germanium were used. The influence of temperature on spectral position of defect transmission band was studied. It was shown that for photonic crystal based on silicon temperature sensitivity is 0.07 nm/K and 2.6 dB/K. For photonic crystal based on germanium --- 0.37 nm/K and 7.8 dB/K. This makes such photonic crystals promising for use in temperature sensors as sensitive element. Keywords: temperature sensor, photonic crystal, photonic bandgap, transfer matrix.
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Belyakov, Vladimir A. "Optical Kossel Lines and Fluorescence in Photonic Liquid Crystals." Crystals 10, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060541.
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We propose a general analytical way to describe the fluorescence peculiarities in photonic liquid crystals (revealing themselves as an optical analog of the X-ray Kossel lines in conventional crystals) based at the localized optical edge modes existing in perfect photonic liquid crystal layers. The proposed approach allows us to predict theoretically the properties of optical Kossel lines in photonic liquid crystal (fluorescence polarization, spectral and angular fluorescence distribution, influence of the light absorption in liquid crystal, and, in particular, existing the optical Borrmann effect if the absorption in liquid crystal is locally anisotropic). Comparison of the theoretical results and the known experimental data shows that the theory reproduces sufficiently well the observation results on the fluorescence in photonic liquid crystals. For confirming a direct connection of the optical Kossel lines to the localized optical edge modes in perfect photonic liquid crystal, we propose the application of time-delayed techniques in studying the optical Kossel lines.
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Qi, YongLe, XiaoHong Sun, Shuai Wang, WenYang Li, and ZhongYong Wang. "Design of an Electrically Tunable Micro-Lens Based on Graded Photonic Crystal." Crystals 8, no. 7 (July 23, 2018): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8070303.
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A micro-lens with an adjustable focal length (FL) is designed by using Graded Photonic Crystal (GPC) structures and a Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) material. The GPCs are formed by gradually changing the radius of the polymer rods in the Photonic Crystal (PC) with square lattices of polymer rods in the background of Liquid Crystals (LCs). The electrically tunable focusing characteristics of the micro-lens are investigated by loading a continuous voltage source to change the LC rotation angle. The sensitivity of the focal shift in terms of LCs tilting angle is 0.152 λ(nm/deg). Moreover, the effect of the defects and deviations on the focusing characteristics are also analyzed. This research is crucial for future applications of the proposed device in the integrated photonics and adaptive optics.
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Wehrspohn, R. B., and J. Schilling. "Electrochemically Prepared Pore Arrays for Photonic-Crystal Applications." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.156.
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In the last few years, photonic crystals have gained considerable interest due to their ability to “mold the flow of light.” Photonic crystals are physically based on Bragg reflections of electromagnetic waves. In simple terms, a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal is a periodic stack of thin dielectric films with two different refractive indices, n1 and n2. The two important geometrical parameters determining the wavelength of the photonic bandgap are the lattice constant, a = d1(n1) + d2(n2), and the ratio of d1 to a (where d1 is the thickness of the layer with refractive index n1, and d2 is the thickness of layer n2). For a simple quarter-wavelength stack, the center wavelength λ of the 1D photonic crystal would be simply λ = 2n1d1 + 2n2d2. In the case of 2D photonic crystals, the concept is extended to either airholes in a dielectric medium or dielectric rods in air. Therefore, ordered porous dielectric materials like porous silicon or porous alumina are intrinsically 2D photonic crystals.
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Murali, Midhun, Amit Banerjee, and Tanmoy Basu. "Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 15 (November 14, 2024): 1415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.114.
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Lithium niobate (LN) stands out as a versatile nonlinear optoelectronic material which can be directly applied in tunable modulators, filters, parametric amplifiers, and photonic integrated circuits. Recently, LN photonic crystals have garnered attention as a compelling candidate for incorporation into photonic integrated circuits, showcasing their potential in advancing the field. Photonic crystals possess a widely acknowledged capability to manipulate the transmission of light modes, similar to how nanostructures have been utilized to regulate electron-related phenomena. Here we study the optical performance of a one-dimensional stacked photonic crystal based on LN and TiO2/SiO2. We studied the quarter wavelength multi-layered stack using electromagnetic simulation. The forbidden-frequency region indifferent from the bulk material has been observed around 1.55 µm. A high refractive index and non-linear optical and electro-optical properties enable LN to be used for more efficient manipulation of light. The highly reflective quarternary stack can play an important role in diverse fields such as photonics, optomechanics, optoelectronics, signal processing, and quantum technologies, spanning the spectrum from photon generation (including single-photon sources and lasers) to their manipulation (encompassing waveguiding, beam splitting, filters, and spin–photon entanglement), and detection (involving single-photon detectors).
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Safriani, Lusi, Ian Sopian, Tuti Susilawati, and Sahrul Hidayat. "Fabrication of Photonic Crystal Based on Polystyrene Particles." Materials Science Forum 827 (August 2015): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.827.271.
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Photonic crystals are dielectric materials with different refractive index or permittivity periodically. Photonic crystals have widely application for future technology such as waveguide, optical transistor, cavity of laser and biosensor. Photonic crystals can be fabricated in three types i.e 1D, 2D and 3D structure. In this paper, we report the successful fabrication of 3D photonic crystal from polystyrene particles. The fabrication process began with the synthesis of polystyrene particles followed by deposition on glass and flexible substrate using self-assembly method. We obtained polystyrene monodispered particles which have a uniform shaped with diameter 320 nm. Self-assembly method resulted to the arrangement of polystyrene particles on glass and flexible substrate. Stop band which is related to its optical property are at wavelength of 721 nm and 631 nm for photonic crystal on glass and flexible substrate, respectively. We found that filling fraction of photonic crystal on flexible substrate is lower than that of glass substrate due to some defects.
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Ozer, Zafer, Amirullah M. Mamedov, and Ekmel Ozbay. "BaTiO3 based photonic time crystal and momentum stop band." Ferroelectrics 557, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2020.1713355.
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Temporally periodic photonic crystals develop an ω-k dispersion relation with momentum band gaps. While conventional photonic crystals induce forbidden bands in the frequency spectrum of photons, photonic time crystals create forbidden regions in the momentum spectrum of photons. This effect allows for enhanced control over many optical processes that require both photonic energy and momentum conservations such as nonlinear harmonic generation. The simulation results show that more intensive scatter fields can obtained in photonic space time crystal. Also, we investigate topological phase transitions of photonic time crystals systems.
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Hurley, Noah, Steve Kamau, Jingbiao Cui, and Yuankun Lin. "Holographic Fabrication of 3D Moiré Photonic Crystals Using Circularly Polarized Laser Beams and a Spatial Light Modulator." Micromachines 14, no. 6 (June 9, 2023): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061217.
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A moiré photonic crystal is an optical analog of twisted graphene. A 3D moiré photonic crystal is a new nano-/microstructure that is distinguished from bilayer twisted photonic crystals. Holographic fabrication of a 3D moiré photonic crystal is very difficult due to the coexistence of the bright and dark regions, where the exposure threshold is suitable for one region but not for the other. In this paper, we study the holographic fabrication of 3D moiré photonic crystals using an integrated system of a single reflective optical element (ROE) and a spatial light modulator (SLM) where nine beams (four inner beams + four outer beams + central beam) are overlapped. By modifying the phase and amplitude of the interfering beams, the interference patterns of 3D moiré photonic crystals are systemically simulated and compared with the holographic structures to gain a comprehensive understanding of SLM-based holographic fabrication. We report the holographic fabrication of phase and beam intensity ratio-dependent 3D moiré photonic crystals and their structural characterization. Superlattices modulated in the z-direction of 3D moiré photonic crystals have been discovered. This comprehensive study provides guidance for future pixel-by-pixel phase engineering in SLM for complex holographic structures.
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Meng, Ming, Hucheng Zhou, Jing Yang, Liwei Wang, Honglei Yuan, Yanling Hao, and Zhixing Gan. "Exploiting the Bragg Mirror Effect of TiO2 Nanotube Photonic Crystals for Promoting Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting." Nanomaterials 14, no. 21 (October 23, 2024): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14211695.
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Exploiting the Bragg mirror effect of photonic crystal photoelectrode is desperately desired for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Herein, a novel TiO2 nanotube photonic crystal bi-layer structure consisting of a top nanotube layer and a bottom nanotube photonic crystal layer is presented. In this architecture, the photonic bandgap of bottom TiO2 nanotube photonic crystals can be precisely adjusted by modulating the anodization parameters. When the photonic bandgap of bottom TiO2 nanotube photonic crystals overlaps with the electronic bandgap of TiO2, the bottom TiO2 nanotube photonic crystal layer will act as a Bragg mirror, leading to the boosted ultraviolet light absorption of the top TiO2 nanotube layer. Benefiting from the promoted UV light absorption, the TiO2 NT-115-NTPC yields a photocurrent density of 1.4 mA/cm2 at 0.22 V vs. Ag/AgCl with a Faradic efficiency of 100%, nearly two times higher than that of conventional TiO2 nanotube arrays. Furthermore, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency is also promoted within ultraviolet light region. This research offers an effective strategy for improving the performance of photoelectrochemical water splitting through intensifying the light–matter interaction.
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Qiu, Peng, Guang Long Wang, Jiang Lei Lu, and Hong Pei Wang. "Properties Investigation for Single-Defect Square-Lattice Photonic Crystal Slab Cavity in Crystal Material Application." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.170.
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Compact and high-quality cavities are essential building blocks in constructing nano-photonic systems and quantum information systems. So, it is important in understanding the properties of localized modes produced by disorder in two-dimensional photonic crystals cavity. Single defect square lattice photonic crystal slab cavity is taken as the investigation object, the relationship between structure parameters (lattice constant a, radius of hole r and slab thickness) and properties parameters (quality factor Qt, effective mode volume Vmode) is discussed for a optimization design of high performance cavity. The results of this investigation are useful reference for single defect square lattice photonic crystal slab cavity in photonic crystal material application.
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Zhao, Xiang Wei, Hua Xu, and Zhong Ze Gu. "Bioassay Based on Photonic Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1323.
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Photonic crystals have wide applications not only in optoelectronic fields but also in bioassays. In this review, we summarized our work on colloidal photonic crystals as novel biomolecular supports in multiplex bioassays. Except for enhancing the fluorescence signal and encoding the biomolecular carriers in fluorphore labeled bioassays, photonic crystal can also encode suspended arrays. From the point view of practicality, the synthesis and self-assembly of monodispersed colloidal spheres for colloidal crystals is involved.
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Zheng, Tianning, Xiaoyang Chang, Juntian Huang, Yilun Liu, Jiaqi Wei, and Qi Guo. "Topological Photonic Crystal in Microwave Region Based on Coupled Superconducting Resonators." Symmetry 16, no. 4 (April 8, 2024): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16040453.
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Topological photonics has been widely investigated due to its profound physical significance and great number of potential applications. Microwaves have long wavelengths, so it is relatively easy to manufacture large-sized microwave photonic crystals, enabling researchers to observe and measure phenomena such as topological boundary states. Nevertheless, the quality factors (QFs) of most resonators composed of traditional materials in the microwave region are relatively low, leading to topological edge states with high decay rates. In this study, we present a one-dimensional topological photonic crystal in the microwave region based on coupled superconducting resonators. A topological state with a QF as high as 6000 is observed, which proves this to be a new platform for the investigation of topological photonics with low decay rates in the microwave regime.
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Parpiyev, Khabibulla, Juramirza Kayumov, Guocheng Zhu, Adkhamjon Gafurov, and Muzaffarkhon Izatillaev. "Obtaining chromogenic structured yarns from a mixture of carbon and polyester fibers." E3S Web of Conferences 538 (2024): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453804008.
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In this article, considering the problem of the difficulty of dyeing carbon fiber, it is proposed to use structural dyeing to achieve the dyeing of carbon fiber/polyester blended yarn. Using poly (styrene - methacrylic acid) colloidal microspheres as structural units, a photonic crystal color-forming structure was obtained using a carbon fiber/polyester blend yarn coating method. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulation technology was used to analyze the effects of coating fluid mass fraction and self-assembly temperature on the structural color, to study the assembly process of colloidal microspheres into photonic crystals on the surface of the yarn, and to improve structural colored yarns. Photonic crystal structural color is the visual result of light diffraction by the crystal, providing high saturation, high brightness, and radiant effect. In this paper, the construction of photonic crystal coloring structures on the surface of carbon fiber and polyester substrates is proposed, and an efficient method of constructing photonic crystals and an effective method of increasing the stability of photonic crystals is studied. The research results provide strategic support for the color and functionality of carbon and polyester fibers.
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Verevkina, Ksenia, Ilya Verevkin, and Valeriy Yatsyshen. "Optical Diagnostics of Defects in Laminated Periodic Nanostructures." NBI Technologies, no. 1 (March 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2022.1.4.
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The purpose of this work is to study the features of the properties of a plane wave incident on a layered and periodic medium with an embedded defective layer. The relevance of the study of photonic crystals is due to the fact that this area of modern materials science is widely developing in the world of science. A confirmation of the large growth in development is the specificity of the versatile application and implementation of photonic crystals. For example, it becomes possible to create digital computing devices based on photonics. The possibility of creating new types of lasers with the lowest lasing threshold, high-efficiency LEDs, optical switches, and light guides is also not ruled out. The uniqueness of photonic crystals lies in their structure, the properties of which have a periodic change in the refractive index. These crystals, due to their peculiarity, do not transmit light with a wavelength comparable to the time of the crystal structure, since they remain transparent for a wide range of electrical radiation. Formulas for the energy reflection and transmission coefficients for layered, periodic media are derived and calculated. A basic component of a computer program for calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients of layered nanostructures has been developed. An analysis was made of an interstitial layer, in this case a defect, in a periodic layered structure such as a photonic crystal.
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Liu, Y. J., and X. W. Sun. "Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals: Materials, Formation, and Applications." Advances in OptoElectronics 2008 (April 27, 2008): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/684349.
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By combining polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) and holography, holographic PDLC (H-PDLC) has emerged as a new composite material for switchable or tunable optical devices. Generally, H-PDLC structures are created in a liquid crystal cell filled with polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials by recording the interference pattern generated by two or more coherent laser beams which is a fast and single-step fabrication. With a relatively ideal phase separation between liquid crystals and polymers, periodic refractive index profile is formed in the cell and thus light can be diffracted. Under a suitable electric field, the light diffraction behavior disappears due to the index matching between liquid crystals and polymers. H-PDLCs show a fast switching time due to the small size of the liquid crystal droplets. So far, H-PDLCs have been applied in many promising applications in photonics, such as flat panel displays, switchable gratings, switchable lasers, switchable microlenses, and switchable photonic crystals. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art of H-PDLCs including the materials used to date, the grating formation dynamics and simulations, the optimization of electro-optical properties, the photonic applications, and the issues existed in H-PDLCs.
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Kobori, Momoko, Yuna Hirano, Mikako Tanaka, and Toshimitsu Kanai. "Practical Preparation of Elastomer-Immobilized Nonclose-Packed Colloidal Photonic Crystal Films with Various Uniform Colors." Polymers 15, no. 10 (May 12, 2023): 2294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102294.
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Colloidal photonic crystals, which are three-dimensional periodic structures of monodisperse submicron-sized particles, are expected to be suitable for novel photonic applications and color materials. In particular, nonclose-packed colloidal photonic crystals immobilized in elastomers exhibit significant potential for use in tunable photonic applications and strain sensors that detect strain based on color change. This paper reports a practical method for preparing elastomer-immobilized nonclose-packed colloidal photonic crystal films with various uniform Bragg reflection colors using one kind of gel-immobilized nonclose-packed colloidal photonic crystal film. The degree of swelling was controlled by the mixing ratio of the precursor solutions, which used a mixture of solutions with high and low affinities for the gel film as the swelling solvent. This facilitated color tuning over a wide range, enabling the facile preparation of elastomer-immobilized nonclose-packed colloidal photonic crystal films with various uniform colors via subsequent photopolymerization. The present preparation method can contribute to the development of practical applications of elastomer-immobilized tunable colloidal photonic crystals and sensors.
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Chigrinov, Vladimir, Jiatong Sun, and Xiaoqian Wang. "Photoaligning and Photopatterning: New LC Technology." Crystals 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040323.
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We demonstrate a physical model of photoalignment and photopatterning based on rotational diffusion in solid azo-dye nanolayers. We also highlight the new applications of photoalignment and photopatterning in display and photonics such as: (i) liquid crystal (LC) E-paper devices, including optically rewritable LC E-paper on flexible substrates as 3D E-paper, as well as optically rewritable technology for photonics devices; (ii) photonics LC devices, such as LC Switches, polarization controllers and polarization rotators, variable optical attenuators, LC filled photonic crystal fiber, switchable diffraction grating; (iii) patterned micro-polarizer array using photo-alignment technology for image sensor; (iv) electrically tunable liquid crystal q-plates; (v) electrically switchable liquid crystal Fresnel lens; (vi) liquid crystal optical elements with integrated Pancharatnam-Berry phases. We are sure, that in the field of (LC), the main point is no longer display research, but new photonic applications of LC are emerging in telecommunication, fiber optical communication systems, sensors, switchable lenses, LC light converters and other LC photonics devices.
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Pan, Jinghan, Meicheng Fu, Wenjun Yi, Xiaochun Wang, Ju Liu, Mengjun Zhu, Junli Qi, et al. "Improving Low-Dispersion Bandwidth of the Silicon Photonic Crystal Waveguides for Ultrafast Integrated Photonics." Photonics 8, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8040105.
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We design a novel slow-light silicon photonic crystal waveguide which can operate over an extremely wide flat band for ultrafast integrated nonlinear photonics. By conveniently adjusting the radii and positions of the second air-holes rows, a flat slow-light low-dispersion band of 50 nm is achieved numerically. Such a slow-light photonic crystal waveguide with large flat low-dispersion wideband will pave the way for governing the femtosecond pulses in integrated nonlinear photonic platforms based on CMOS technology.
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Kamau, Steve, Noah Hurley, Anupama B. Kaul, Jingbiao Cui, and Yuankun Lin. "Light Confinement in Twisted Single-Layer 2D+ Moiré Photonic Crystals and Bilayer Moiré Photonic Crystals." Photonics 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010013.
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Twisted photonic crystals are photonic analogs of twisted monolayer materials such as graphene and their optical property studies are still in their infancy. This paper reports optical properties of twisted single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystals where there is a weak modulation in z direction, and bilayer moiré-overlapping-moiré photonic crystals. In weak-coupling bilayer moiré-overlapping-moiré photonic crystals, the light source is less localized with an increasing twist angle, similar to the results reported by the Harvard research group in References 37 and 38 on twisted bilayer photonic crystals, although there is a gradient pattern in the former case. In a strong-coupling case, however, the light source is tightly localized in AA-stacked region in bilayer PhCs with a large twist angle. For single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystals, the light source in Ex polarization can be localized and forms resonance modes when the single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystal is integrated on a glass substrate. This study leads to a potential application of 2D+ moiré photonic crystal in future on-chip optoelectronic integration.
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SONG, KAI, RENAUD VALLEE, MARK VAN DER AUWERAER, and KOEN CLAYS. "SPONTANEOUS EMISSION OF NANO-ENGINEERED FLUOROPHORES IN PHOTONIC CRYSTALS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 15, no. 01 (March 2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863506003128.
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The spontaneous emission of fluorophores embedded in a photonic crystal has been studied. By nano-engineering a sandwich-like photonic structure, such that fluorophore-coated photonic atoms constitute a middle layer between the photonic crystals, we have been able to precisely control the location of fluorophores in photonic crystals and exclude the presence of fluorophores at the surface of the crystal. It has been found that the stopband in the transmission spectrum is deeper than the stopband in the emission spectrum. We conjecture that the omnidirectional propagation of the emission from a point source in an incomplete photonic bandgap is the cause of the shallower stopband in emission.
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Emeliantsev, P. S., N. I. Pyshkov, and S. E. Svyakhovskiy. "Designing the Structure of a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with a Given Spectrum of the Reflection Coefficient." JETP Letters 117, no. 11 (June 2023): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002136402360129x.
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A method for solving the inverse problem of designing the structure of a one-dimensional photonic crystal is proposed and experimentally implemented. It is known that a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a spatial sinusoidal modulation of the refractive index, has a narrow photonic bandgap at a frequency related to the spatial frequency of this sinusoid. A reverse engineering method is proposed for one-dimensional photonic crystals with an arbitrary given reflection spectrum by expanding this spectrum into elementary photonic band gaps and then summing them. The application of this method to fabricate examples of photonic crystals with simple shapes of spectral reflection curves is demonstrated.
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Biswas, R., Z. Y. Li, and K. M. Ho. "Impedance of photonic crystals and photonic crystal waveguides." Applied Physics Letters 84, no. 8 (February 23, 2004): 1254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1649815.
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Wang, Li Hsiang, and Su Hua Yang. "Nano Photoelectric Material Structures – Photonic Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 677 (March 2013): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.677.9.
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Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structural materials that have photonic band gaps, and are divided into on-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional structures based on their spatial distributions. One-dimensional photonic crystals have already found real-world applications. Three-dimensional photonic crystals are still in the experimental phase in laboratories. Due to their superior characteristics, photonic crystal materials are sure to be widely developed and applied in the future. This paper briefly introduces the principle of photonic crystals, facts about their theoretical research, production and preparation of materials, as well as their related applications. Photonic crystal materials have a lot of potential, and could be one of the most significant materials of this century. Since the concept was proposed in the late 80’s of the previous century, the research and application of photonic crystals has advanced significantly. Currently, photonic crystals are already used in fiber optics as well as semiconductor lasers. This paper introduces the structures of various types of photonic crystals, including photonic crystals with semiconductor and fiber optic material bases, and describes some of the special optoelectronic characteristics and possible applications of photonic crystals. Photonic crystals can be used in the production of many new types of optoelectronic devices. Most significantly, they can dramatically reduce the size of components and result in dense integration. Photonic crystals are expected to have a revolutionary impact on the development of optoelectronic technologies.
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Asano, Takashi, and Susumu Noda. "Photonic Crystal Devices in Silicon Photonics." Proceedings of the IEEE 106, no. 12 (December 2018): 2183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2018.2853197.
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Wijewardena Gamalath, K. A. I. L., and W. A. S. C. Settinayake. "Simulation of Optical Properties of Si Photonic Crystals." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 38 (September 2014): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.38.87.
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To investigate optical properties of Si photonic crystal waveguides, a mathematical model was set up. Finite difference time domain method was used to calculate the Maxwell’s equations numerically. For the evolution of the electromagnetic fields in the photonic crystals, simulations were done for a small lattices using Yee lattice approach. The properties of a waveguide and a power divider were investigated for 3λx3λ photonic crystal formed from Si circular rods in air for telecommunication wavelength 1.55 µm. The model developed was satisfactory in predicting the behaviour of light in linear photonic crystals
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Wijewardena Gamalath, K. A. I. L., and W. A. S. C. Settinayake. "Simulation of Optical Properties of Si Photonic Crystals." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 38 (September 3, 2014): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-k1b971.
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To investigate optical properties of Si photonic crystal waveguides, a mathematical model was set up. Finite difference time domain method was used to calculate the Maxwell’s equations numerically. For the evolution of the electromagnetic fields in the photonic crystals, simulations were done for a small lattices using Yee lattice approach. The properties of a waveguide and a power divider were investigated for 3λx3λ photonic crystal formed from Si circular rods in air for telecommunication wavelength 1.55 µm. The model developed was satisfactory in predicting the behaviour of light in linear photonic crystals
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Сидоров, А. И., and Ю. О. Видимина. "Датчик температуры на основе одномерного фотонного кристалла с дефектом." Оптика и спектроскопия 130, no. 9 (2022): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2022.09.53310.3355-22.
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The results of computer simulation of optical properties of one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal with defect, based on semiconductor-dielectric layers are presented. As semiconductor silicon and germanium were used. The influence of temperature on spectral position of defect transmission band was studied. It was shown that for photonic crystal based on silicon temperature sensitivity is 0.07 nm/K and 2.6 dB/K. For photonic crystal based on germanium – 0.37 nm/K and 7.8 dB/K. This makes such photonic crystals promising for use in temperature sensors as sensitive element.
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Roslan, Muhammad Sufi, Kashif Tufail Chaudhary, Elham Mazalam, and Saktioto Saktioto. "Overview of Temporal Soliton Transmission on Photonic Crystal Fiber and Nanowires." Science, Technology and Communication Journal 1, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59190/stc.v1i1.8.
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Solitons are nonlinear waves that exhibit persistent propagation in anomalous dispersion regime. In this article, we demonstrate the generation of soliton pulse in photonic crystal waveguide and nanowire at nonlinear length 6-mm in several photonic crystal waveguides and nanowire including fiber glass, silicon, silica, hollow photonic crystal and tellurite glass. Optical soliton pulse compression 0.5-ps with increasing order observed in this model. This study reveal propagation of soliton is feasible at high order mode in silicon nanowire (NW) and tellurite glass as compared with normal fiber and photonic crystals.
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KEDIA, SUNITA, and R. VIJAYA. "PHOTOLUMINESCENCE OF ZINC OXIDE INVERSE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 01n02 (February 2011): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11007727.
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Three-dimensional photonic crystals prepared by self-assembly method from polymethyl methacrylate colloids are infiltrated with zinc oxide ( ZnO ) prepared using sol–gel technique. The polymer template is removed by chemical method and heat treatment to obtain inverse photonic crystals of ZnO . The inverse crystal fabricated by the chemical method is further heated at high temperature and the X-ray diffraction establishes the presence of single-crystalline ZnO . The photoluminescence is recorded from the inverse photonic crystals by exciting them with He–Cd laser at 325 nm. The as-prepared inverse crystals show only UV emission while the inverse crystal obtained by the chemical route and treated at high temperature shows the visible emission due to oxygen vacancy defects.
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Ali Muse, Haider Ali Muse. "PHOTONIC CRYSTAL AND PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS COMMUNICATIONS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 1 (January 29, 2016): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2016.00020.
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The development of all optical communications could benefit from the index guiding photonic crystal fibers. In communication the photonic crystal fibers could provide many new solutions. Conventional optical fibers have within the last decades revolutionized the communications industry and it is today a mature technology being pushed to its limit with respect to properties such as losses, single mode operation and dispersion. The spectra have been used by others to develop optical frequency standards. The process can potentially be used for frequency conversion in fiber optic network. In this system the dispersive properties can be controlled by the optical lattice making it possible to achieve phase-matched four wave mixing, like look the process taking place in the photonic crystal fibers. In this paper we will discuss the use of photonic crystal fibers in communications.
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UPADHYAY, P. K., and A. K. NAGAR. "SOLITON PULSE ANALYSIS IN GaInP PHOTONIC CRYSTAL WAVEGUIDE." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513010842.
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Solitons are nonlinear waves that remain invariant as they propagate. Precise control of dispersion and nonlinear effects govern soliton propagation. In recent years Photonic crystals (PhCs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to the facility to engineer and enhance both their nonlinear and dispersive effects. In this article we show soliton pulse analysis in GaInP Photonic Crystal Waveguides using AUTO bifurcation analysis tool. We have demonstrated pulse compression at moderately slow velocities in GaInP Photonic Crystal Waveguides. This is enabled by the enhanced self phase modulation and strong negative group velocity dispersion in the Photonic Crystal Waveguides.
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Chen, Ying, Pei Luo, Huiying Cao, Zhiyong Zhao, and Qiguang Zhu. "Study on sensing property of one-dimensional ring mirror-defect photonic crystal." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 05 (February 2018): 1850049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218500492.
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Based on the photon localization and the photonic bandgap characteristics of photonic crystals (PCs), one-dimensional (1D) ring mirror-defect photonic crystal structure is proposed. Due to the introduction of mirror structure, a defect cavity is formed in the center of the photonic crystal, and then the resonant transmission peak can be obtained in the bandgap of transmission spectrum. The transfer matrix method is used to establish the relationship model between the resonant transmission peak and the structure parameters of the photonic crystals. Using the rectangular air gate photonic crystal structure, the dynamic monitoring of the detected gas sample parameters can be achieved from the shift of the resonant transmission peak. The simulation results show that the Q-value can attain to 1739.48 and the sensitivity can attain to 1642 nm ⋅ RIU[Formula: see text], which demonstrates the effectiveness of the sensing structure. The structure can provide certain theoretical reference for air pollution monitoring and gas component analysis.
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Belokozenko, M. A., N. A. Sapoletova, S. E. Kushnir, and K. S. Napolskii. "Effect of the photonic band gap position on the photocatalytic activity of anodic titanium oxide photonic crystal." Журнал неорганической химии 69, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044457x24010155.
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The slowing down of the group velocity of light at the edges of the photonic band gap is one of the important optical effects observed in photonic crystals. In particular, the “slow light” effect is used in photocatalysis to increase the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors. In this work, anatase photonic crystals with different spectral positions of the photonic band gap (390–1283 nm, measured in water) were obtained. It is shown that if one of the photonic band gaps is located near the absorption edge of the semiconductor (410 nm), photonic crystal exhibits high photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of methylene blue. At the same time, the photocatalytic activity of anatase photonic crystal increases by 30% when the photonic band gap of the third order rather than the first order is located near the absorption edge of the semiconductor.
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Sakata, Ryoichi, Kenji Ishizaki, Menaka De Zoysa, Kyoko Kitamura, Takuya Inoue, John Gelleta, and Susumu Noda. "Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with modulated photonic crystals enabling 2D beam scanning and various beam pattern emission." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 13 (March 27, 2023): 130503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127495.
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Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) with modulated photonic crystals have attracted much attention for their unrivaled capabilities, such as broad area coherent resonance, and lens-free beam scanning and flash illumination. In this paper, we first explain the principles and the development of PCSELs with modulated photonic crystals toward non-mechanical two-dimensional (2D) beam-scanning applications. Then, we show PCSELs with modulated photonic crystals, whose modulation is designed based on an inverse Fourier transform to enable the emission of various beam patterns, such as flash patterns and multi-dot patterns, from a single photonic crystal without using external optical elements. This demonstration underscores the flexibility of PCSELs with modulated photonic crystals as compact, highly functional light sources for a wide range of applications, including not only beam-scanning-type, flash-type, and multidot-type light detection and ranging but also advanced object recognition and adaptive illumination.
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Khoroshko, L. S., A. V. Baglov, and A. A. Hnitsko. "MODELING OF MULTILAYER ULTRATHIN-FILM PHOTONIC CRYSTALS FOR SELECTIVE FILTERS." Doklady BGUIR, no. 7 (125) (December 7, 2019): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2019-125-7-88-94.
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The aim of the work was to study the optical properties of the one-dimensional photonic crystals from ultrathin alternating layers of titanium and silicon oxides with different order of alternating layers to form defective half-wave layers in the bulk of the photonic crystal. The layer thicknesses were optimized by the dispersion of the refractive index and it was shown that for the formation of 16-layer photonic crystal structure without a half-wave layer with a photonic band gap in the UV region, it is necessary to use layers of titanium dioxide and silicon oxide with a thickness of 28.3 and 53.2 nm, respectively. The structure of the 26-layer photonic crystal with a thickness of 2130 nm with two non-equidistant half-wave layers forming resonant transmission bands in the photonic band gap with peaks at 550 and 601 nm is proposed. Due to the dispersion of the refractive index, the ratio of the thicknesses of TiO2:SiO2 layers varies from 1:1.88 in the case of a 16-layer structure with a photonic band gap in the UV region to 1:1.5 in the case of a 26-layer structure with a photonic band gap in the visible range . The effect of a photonic crystal structure without half-wave layers on the emission spectrum of a liquid crystal display manufactured using IPS technology has been demonstrated in order to reduce the intensity of the blue component to increase the safety of the user's vision. The using of the photonic crystals with two half-wave defective layers allows to achieve complete separation of the spectrum components, which can be used to modify the spectra of large liquid crystal panels, their manufacture using AMOLED technology is a very difficult technological task even for leaders in this field.
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Xiao, Xu Yang, Run Ping Chen, and Zheng Fu Cheng. "The Resonant Modes in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Parallel Quantum Wells Composed of Negative Index Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.748.
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We propose the one-dimensional photonic crystal quantum well structure composed of two negative metamaterials, the features of which are investigated with scattering matrix method. With this method, the transmittance, reflectance and dispersion relation of electromagnetic wave propagation in photonic crystal are obtained. Moreover, the photonic band structure is given by dispersion relation. For photonic crystal parallel wells the sandwich structure (MpNqMp) and four PCs structure (MpNqMpNq), the resonant modes exist in the photonic band gaps. The number of resonant modes is varied by changing the period number of the constituent photonic crystals. Meanwhile, the resonant modes is not sensitive to the incident angle increasing, only shift slowly to lower frequency region. Moreover, the resonant modes can be act as multiple ultra-narrow bandwidth filters.
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Lonergan, Alex, and Colm O'Dwyer. "Methods to Tune the Optical Response of Porous Photonic Crystal Structures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 47 (July 7, 2022): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01471984mtgabs.
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Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structures which selectively tune the wavelengths of light propagating through the material1 2. The highly ordered, repeating structural lattice induces a photonic bandgap or stopband which inhibits or partially attenuates certain frequencies of light, similar to the electronic bandgap with forbidden energies present in semiconductor materials3. These forbidden frequencies are blocked in transmission and reflected from the material surface. The inherent sensitivity of this photonic response to repeating lattice size dimensions and the magnitude of the refractive index contrast between the constituent materials allows for tailored optical behaviour by adjusting the photonic crystal structural parameters or environment4 5. A range of interesting applications using both the photonic bandgap and material porosity have emerged, predicated on the ability to accurately forecast the wavelength position of the photonic response. Colorimetric sensors6 7, photocatalysts8 9 and solar cells10 are prime examples of these types of applications; the porosity of the photonic crystal facilitates greater material infiltration and reactions, while the photonic bandgap acts to enhance the optical component of the process. Critically, the use of these structures is tied to our ability to predict and interpret the signature optical response. Here, we examine several techniques which can be used modify the photonic bandgap/stopband for photonic crystal structures. For TiO2 and SnO2 inverse opal photonic crystals, we explore how solvent infiltration into the highly porous network red-shifts the observed photonic response. Using solvents with different refractive indices, we apply the shifted photonic stopband data to determine the fill fraction of solid material comprising the photonic crystal network. We also examine functionalization of artificial opal and inverse opal photonic crystals with metal films. We detail the emergence of a consistent photonic stopband blue-shift with increasing metal content and propose a reduction in the effective refractive index of the entire photonic crystal introduced by the specific properties of the metal film. Importantly, the effects investigated here are broadly applicable to a range of realistic operating conditions across many disciplines where an understanding of the photonic stopband is paramount to the application. References Yablonovitch, E., Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics. Physical Review Letters 1987, 58 (20), 2059-2062. John, S., Strong localization of photons in certain disordered dielectric superlattices. Physical Review Letters 1987, 58 (23), 2486-2489. Joannopoulos, J. D.; Villeneuve, P. R.; Fan, S., Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light. Nature 1997, 386 (6621), 143-149. Blanford, C. F.; Schroden, R. C.; Al-Daous, M.; Stein, A., Tuning Solvent-Dependent Color Changes of Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous (3DOM) Materials Through Compositional and Geometric Modifications. Advanced Materials 2001, 13 (1), 26-29. Aguirre, C. I.; Reguera, E.; Stein, A., Tunable Colors in Opals and Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals. Advanced Functional Materials 2010, 20 (16), 2565-2578. Zhang, Y.; Qiu, J.; Hu, R.; Li, P.; Gao, L.; Heng, L.; Tang, B. Z.; Jiang, L., A visual and organic vapor sensitive photonic crystal sensor consisting of polymer-infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2015, 17 (15), 9651-9658. Li, H.; Chang, L.; Wang, J.; Yang, L.; Song, Y., A colorful oil-sensitive carbon inverse opal. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2008, 18 (42), 5098-5103. Chen, J. I. L.; von Freymann, G.; Choi, S. Y.; Kitaev, V.; Ozin, G. A., Amplified Photochemistry with Slow Photons. Advanced Materials 2006, 18 (14), 1915-1919. Collins, G.; Lonergan, A.; McNulty, D.; Glynn, C.; Buckley, D.; Hu, C.; O'Dwyer, C., Semiconducting Metal Oxide Photonic Crystal Plasmonic Photocatalysts. Advanced Materials Interfaces 2020, 7 (8), 1901805. Liu, L.; Karuturi, S. K.; Su, L. T.; Tok, A. I. Y., TiO2 inverse-opal electrode fabricated by atomic layer deposition for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. Energy & Environmental Science 2011, 4 (1), 209-215. Figure 1 SEM images and optical transmission spectra for (a) TiO2 and (b) SnO2 inverse opals. In each case the wavelength position of the photonic stopband is red-shifted significantly when a solvent infiltrates the porous photonic crystal network. SEM images and optical transmission spectra for (c) artificial polystyrene opals coated with a gold film and (d) TiO2 inverse opals coated with a copper film. Metal film incorporation into the photonic crystal network acts to consistent blue-shift the observed photonic stopband. Figure 1
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Yang, Zheng Wen, Ji Zhou, Jian Bei Qiu, Zhi Guo Song, Da Cheng Zhou, and Zhao Yi Yin. "Significant Suppression of Photoluminescence in Eu3+ Doped LaPO4 Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1217.
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Inverse opal photonic crystals of Eu3+ doped LaPO4 (LaPO4: Eu）were prepared by a self-assembly technique in combination with a sol-gel method. In the preparation process, Eu3+ doped LaPO4 precursors were filled into the interstices of the opal template assembled by monodispersive polystyrene microspheres. The polystyrene template was then removed by calcination at 650 °C for 5h, meanwhile, Eu3+doped LaPO4 inverse opal photonic crystal was formed. The photoluminescence (PL) from Eu3+ doped LaPO4 inverse opal photonic crystal was studied. The effect of the photonic stop-band on the spontaneous emission of Eu3+ has been observed in the inverse opal photonic crystals of Eu3+ doped LaPO4. Significant suppression of the emission was detected if the photonic band-gap overlaps with the Eu3+ ions emission band.
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Liu, Exian, and Jianjun Liu. "Quasiperiodic photonic crystal fiber [Invited]." Chinese Optics Letters 21, no. 6 (2023): 060603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202321.060603.
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Starczewska, Anna, and Mirosława Kępińska. "Photonic Crystal Structures for Photovoltaic Applications." Materials 17, no. 5 (March 4, 2024): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17051196.
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Photonic crystals are artificial structures with a spatial periodicity of dielectric permittivity on the wavelength scale. This feature results in a spectral region over which no light can propagate within such a material, known as the photonic band gap (PBG). It leads to a unique interaction between light and matter. A photonic crystal can redirect, concentrate, or even trap incident light. Different materials (dielectrics, semiconductors, metals, polymers, etc.) and 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures (layers, inverse opal, woodpile, etc.) of photonic crystals enable great flexibility in designing the optical response of the material. This opens an extensive range of applications, including photovoltaics. Photonic crystals can be used as anti-reflective and light-trapping surfaces, back reflectors, spectrum splitters, absorption enhancers, radiation coolers, or electron transport layers. This paper presents an overview of the developments and trends in designing photonic structures for different photovoltaic applications.