Academic literature on the topic 'Photonic crystal fibres'

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Journal articles on the topic "Photonic crystal fibres"

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Woliński, Tomasz, Sławomir Ertman, Katarzyna Rutkowska, Daniel Budaszewski, Marzena Sala-Tefelska, Miłosz Chychłowski, Kamil Orzechowski, Karolina Bednarska, and Piotr Lesiak. "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers – 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907.

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Research activities in the area of photonic liquid crystal fibers carried out over the last 15 years at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) have been reviewed and current research directions that include metallic nanoparticles doping to enhance electro-optical properties of the photonic liquid crystal fibers are presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a photonic crystal fiber filled with a low-birefringence liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE, 5518, 232-237 (2004). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S.-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2181-2183 (2004). CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express, 11, 20, 2589-2596 (2003). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13, 2, 59-64 (2005). CrossRef M. Chychłowski, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, "Splay orientation in a capillary", Phot. Lett. Pol. 2, 1, 31-33 (2010). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic liquid crystal fibers — a new challenge for fiber optics and liquid crystals photonics", Opto-Electron. Rev. 14, 4, 329-334 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 985-991 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications", IEEE Trans. Inst. Meas. 57, 8, 1796-1802 (2008). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, et al., "Multi-Parameter Sensing Based on Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 502: 220-234., (2009). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, Xiao G and Bock WJ Photonics sensing: principle and applications for safety and security monitoring, (New Jersey, Wiley, 147-181, 2012). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a polymer-based photonic liquid crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. A 115, 2, 569-574 (2014). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol., 35, 16, 3399-3405 (2017). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Recent Progress in Liquid-Crystal Optical Fibers and Their Applications in Photonics", J. Lightwave Technol., 37, 11, 2516-2526 (2019). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Electric Field Sensing With Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers Based on Micro-Electrodes Systems", J. Lightwave Technol., 33, 2, 2405-2411, (2015). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 8, 1208-1214 (2012). CrossRef K. Mileńko, S. Ertman, T. R. Woliński, "Numerical analysis of birefringence tuning in high index microstructured fiber selectively filled with liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8794 (2013). CrossRef O. Jaworska and S. Ertman, "Photonic bandgaps in selectively filled photonic crystal fibers", Phot. Lett. Pol., 9, 3, 79-81 (2017). CrossRef I.C. Khoo, S.T.Wu, "Optics and Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals", World Scientific (1993). CrossRef P. Lesiak et al., "Thermal optical nonlinearity in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals doped with gold nanoparticles", Proc. SPIE 10228, 102280N (2017). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, T. Woliński, "Modeling of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 2, 3, 107 (2010). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, L-W. Wei, "Assessment on the applicability of finite difference methods to model light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 4, 4, 161 (2012). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, U. Laudyn, P. Jung, "Nonlinear discrete light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 5, 1, 17 (2013). CrossRef M. Murek, K. Rutkowska, "Two laser beams interaction in photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with highly nonlinear materials", Photon. Lett. Poland 6, 2, 74 (2014). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 558, 184-193, (2012). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Propagation Effects in Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers with a Complex Structure", Acta Phys. Pol. A, 118, 1259-1261 (2010). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Polarization properties of cubic blue phases of a cholesteric liquid crystal", Opt. Mater. 69, 259-264 (2017). CrossRef H. Yoshida et al., "Heavy meson spectroscopy under strong magnetic field", Phys. Rev. E 94, 042703 (2016). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef C.-W. Chen et al., "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Express 20, 23978-23984 (2012). CrossRef C.-H. Lee et al., "Polarization-independent bistable light valve in blue phase liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Opt. 52, 4849-4853 (2013). CrossRef D. Poudereux et al., "Infiltration of a photonic crystal fiber with cholesteric liquid crystal and blue phase", Proc. SPIE 9290 (2014). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Optical properties of cubic blue phase liquid crystal in photonic microstructures", Opt. Express 27, 10, 14270-14282 (2019). CrossRef M. Wahle, J. Ebel, D. Wilkes, H.S. Kitzerow, "Asymmetric band gap shift in electrically addressed blue phase photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Express 24, 20, 22718-22729 (2016). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Investigation of the Kerr effect in a blue phase liquid crystal using a wedge-cell technique", Phot. Lett. Pol. 9, 2, 54-56 (2017). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "Influence of cylindrical geometry and alignment layers on the growth process and selective reflection of blue phase domains", Opt. Mater. 75, 211-215 (2018). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "The influence of orienting layers on blue phase liquid crystals in rectangular geometries", Phot. Lett. Pol. 10, 4, 100-102 (2018). CrossRef P. G. de Gennes JP. The Physics of Liquid Crystals. (Oxford University Press 1995). CrossRef L.M. Blinov and V.G. Chigrinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, NY: Springer New York 1994). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A.J. Srivastava, V.G. Chigrinov, T.R. Woliński, "Electro-optical properties of photo-aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibres", Liq. Cryst., 46 2, 272-280 (2019). CrossRef V. G. Chigrinov, V. M. Kozenkov, H-S. Kwok. Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2008). CrossRef M. Schadt et al., "Surface-Induced Parallel Alignment of Liquid Crystals by Linearly Polymerized Photopolymers", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.31, 2155-2164 (1992). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 4679 (2014). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, et al., "Photo‐aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibers", J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23, 196-201 (2015). CrossRef O. Stamatoiu, J. Mirzaei, X. Feng, T. Hegmann, "Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles", Top Curr Chem 318, 331-392 (2012). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Titanium nanoparticles doping of 5CB infiltrated microstructured optical fibers", Photonics Lett. Pol. 8 1, 29-31 (2016). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 8, 2790-2801 (2017). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Nanoparticles-enhanced photonic liquid crystal fibers", J. Mol. Liq. 267, 271-278 (2018). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Opt. Exp. 27, 10, 14260-14269 (2019). CrossRef
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Knight, Jonathan C. "Photonic crystal fibres." Nature 424, no. 6950 (August 2003): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01940.

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Russell, P. St J., R. Beravat, and G. K. L. Wong. "Helically twisted photonic crystal fibres." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2087 (February 28, 2017): 20150440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0440.

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Recent theoretical and experimental work on helically twisted photonic crystal fibres (PCFs) is reviewed. Helical Bloch theory is introduced, including a new formalism based on the tight-binding approximation. It is used to explore and explain a variety of unusual effects that appear in a range of different twisted PCFs, including fibres with a single core and fibres with N cores arranged in a ring around the fibre axis. We discuss a new kind of birefringence that causes the propagation constants of left- and right-spinning optical vortices to be non-degenerate for the same order of orbital angular momentum (OAM). Topological effects, arising from the twisted periodic ‘space’, cause light to spiral around the fibre axis, with fascinating consequences, including the appearance of dips in the transmission spectrum and low loss guidance in coreless PCF. Discussing twisted fibres with a single off-axis core, we report that optical activity in a PCF is opposite in sign to that seen in a step-index fibre. Fabrication techniques are briefly described and emerging applications reviewed. The analytical results of helical Bloch theory are verified by an extensive series of ‘numerical experiments’ based on finite-element solutions of Maxwell's equations in a helicoidal frame. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Optical orbital angular momentum’.
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Arriaga, J., J. C. Knight, and P. St J. Russell. "Modelling photonic crystal fibres." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 17 (April 2003): 440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-9477(02)00829-9.

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Budaszewski, Daniel, and Tomasz R. Woliński. "Light propagation in a photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with mesogenic azobenzene dyes." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.730.

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In this paper, light propagation in an isotropic photonic crystal fiber as well in a silica-glass microcapillary infiltrated with a mesogenic azobenzene dye has been investigated. It appeared that light spectrum guided inside the photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with the investigated azobenzene dye depends on the illuminating wavelength of the absorption band and on linear polarization. Also, alignment of the mesogenic azobenzene dye molecules inside silica glass microcapillaries and photonic crystal fibers has been investigated. Results obtained may lead to a new design of optically tunable photonic devices. Full Text: PDF ReferencesP. Russell. St. J. "Photonic-Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729 (2006). CrossRef T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Exp. 11, 2589 (2003). CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, A. Asquini, E. E. Kriezis, A. d'Alessandro, R. Beccherelli, "Guided-wave liquid-crystal photonics", Lab Chip, 12, 3598 (2012). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett 85, 2181 (2004) CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, E. E. Kriezis, "Tunable Polarization Properties of Hybrid-Guiding Liquid-Crystal Photonic Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 27 (6), 773 (2009) CrossRef S. Ertman, M. Tefelska, M. Chychłowski, A. Rodriquez, D. Pysz, R. Buczyński, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dąbrowski, T. R. Woliński. "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 1208 (2012). CrossRef D. Noordegraaf, L. Scolari, J. Laegsgaard, L. Rindorf, T. T. Alkeskjold, "Electrically and mechanically induced long period gratings in liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Expr. 15, 7901 (2007) CrossRef M. M. Tefelska, M. S. Chychlowski, T. R. Wolinski, R. Dabrowski, W. Rejmer, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, P. Mergo, "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 558(1), 184 (2012). CrossRef S. Mathews, Y. Semenova, G. Farrell, "Electronic tunability of ferroelectric liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fibre", Electronics Letters, 45(12), 617 (2009). CrossRef V. Chigrinov, H-S Kwok, H. Takada, H. Takatsu, "Photo-aligning by azo-dyes: Physics and applications", Liquid Crystals Today, 14:4, 1-15, (2005) CrossRef A. Siarkowska, M. Jóźwik, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, V.G. Chigrinov, "Photo-alignment of liquid crystals in micro capillaries with point-by-point irradiation", Opto-Electon. Rev. 22, 178 (2014); CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A. K. Srivastava, A. M. W. Tam, T. R. Woliński, V. G. Chigrinov, H-S. Kwok, "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 16 (2014) CrossRef J-H Liou, T-H. Chang, T. Lin, Ch-P. Yu, "Reversible photo-induced long-period fiber gratings in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opt. Expr. 19, (7), 6756, (2011) CrossRef T. T. Alkeskjold, J. Laegsgaard, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, J. Broeng, J. Li, S-T. Wu, "All-optical modulation in dye-doped nematic liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Exp, 12 (24), 5857 (2004) CrossRef K. Ichimura, Y. Suzuki, T. Seki, A. Hosoki, K. Aoki, "Reversible change in alignment mode of nematic liquid crystals regulated photochemically by command surfaces modified with an azobenzene monolayer", Langmuir, 4, 1214 (1988) CrossRef http://www.beamco.com/Azobenzene-liquid-crystals DirectLink K. A. Rutkowska, K. Orzechowski, M. Sierakowski, "Wedge-cell technique as a simple and effective method for chromatic dispersion determination of liquid crystals", Phot. Lett, Poland, 8(2), 51 (2016). CrossRef L. Deng, H.-K. Liu, "Nonlinear optical limiting of the azo dye methyl-red doped nematic liquid crystalline films", Opt. Eng. 42, 2936-2941 (2003). CrossRef J. Si, J. Qiu, J. Guo, M. Wang, K. Hirao, "Photoinduced birefringence of azodye-doped materials by a femtosecond laser", Appl. Opt., 42, 7170-7173 (2008). CrossRef
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Russell, Philip St, Tim A. Birks, Jonathan C. Knight, Robert F. Cregan, Brian J. Mangan, and Jean-Philippe De Sandro. "Silica/Air Photonic Crystal Fibres." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 37, S1 (January 1, 1998): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.37s1.45.

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Kuhlmey, Boris T., and Ross C. McPhedran. "Photonic crystal fibres with resonant coatings." Physica B: Condensed Matter 394, no. 2 (May 2007): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2006.12.009.

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Skibina, Yu S., Valerii V. Tuchin, V. I. Beloglazov, G. Shteinmaeer, I. L. Betge, R. Wedell, and N. Langhoff. "Photonic crystal fibres in biomedical investigations." Quantum Electronics 41, no. 4 (April 30, 2011): 284–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2011v041n04abeh014536.

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Nielsen, Kristian, Danny Noordegraaf, Thorkild Sørensen, Anders Bjarklev, and Theis P. Hansen. "Selective filling of photonic crystal fibres." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 7, no. 8 (July 19, 2005): L13—L20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/7/8/l02.

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Portosi, Vincenza, Dario Laneve, Mario Christian Falconi, and Francesco Prudenzano. "Advances on Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors and Applications." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 21, 2019): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081892.

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In this review paper some recent advances on optical sensors based on photonic crystal fibres are reported. The different strategies successfully applied in order to obtain feasible and reliable monitoring systems in several application fields, including medicine, biology, environment sustainability, communications systems are highlighted. Emphasis is given to the exploitation of integrated systems and/or single elements based on photonic crystal fibers employing Bragg gratings (FBGs), long period gratings (LPGs), interferometers, plasmon propagation, off-set spliced fibers, evanescent field and hollow core geometries. Examples of recent optical fiber sensors for the measurement of strain, temperature, displacement, air flow, pressure, liquid-level, magnetic field, and hydrocarbon detection are briefly described.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Photonic crystal fibres"

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Xiong, Chunle. "Nonlinearity in photonic crystal fibres." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512286.

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This thesis introduces the linear and nonlinear properties of photonic crystal fibre (PCF), describes the fabrication and characterisation of different PCFs, and demonstrates their applications to supercontinuum (SC) generation and single-photon sources. The linear properties of PCF include endlessly single-mode transmission, highly controllable dispersion and birefringence. These unique properties have made PCFs the best media to demonstrate all kinds of nonlinear effects such as self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), Raman effects, four-wave mixing and modulation instability (FWM and MI), and soliton effects. The combination of these nonlinear effects has led to impressive spectral broadening known as SC generation in PCFs. The intrinsic correlation of signal and idler photons from FWM has brought PCF to the application of single-photon generation. Four projects about SC generation were demonstrated. The first was visible continuum generation in a monolithic PCF device, which gave a compact, bright (-20 dBm/nm), flat and single-mode visible continuum source extending to short wavelength at 400 nm. The second was polarised SC generation in a highly bire-fringent PCF. A well linearly polarised continuum source spanning 450-1750 nm was achieved with >99% power kept in a single linear polarisation. This polarised continuum source was then applied to tuneable visible/UV generation in a BIBO crystal. The third was residual pump peak removal for SC generation in PCFs. The fourth was to design an all-fibre dual-wavelength pumping for spectrally localised continuum generation. Two projects about photon pair generation using FWM were then demonstrated. One was an all-fibre photon pair source designed in the telecom band for quantum communication. This source achieved >50% heralding efficiency which is the highest in fibre photon pair sources reported so far. Another one was to design birefringent PCFs for naturally narrow band photon pair generation in the Si SPAD high detection efficiency range. 0.122 nm bandwidth signal photons at 596.8 nm were generated through cross polarisation phase matched FWM in a weakly birefringent PCF pumped by a picosecond Ti:Sapphire laser at 705 nm in the normal dispersion regime.
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Corbett, Jason C. W. "Photonic crystal fibres in astronomy." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2661/.

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Photonic crystal fibres (PCF) are a new generation of optical fibre that guide light via a periodic air-silica, photonic crystal structure instead of the more traditional step change in refractive index associated with traditional fibre. Careful design of the photonic structure causes the fibres to behave in interesting new ways and one of main aims of this thesis is to begin the investigation of the uses of PCF's in astronomy. Step index and large mode area (LMA) PCF's are introduced in Chapters 2 and 3, respectively. Chapter 4 then deals with the instrumental simplifications associated with the use of LMA PCF'ร in fibre stellar interferometry showing that up to four step index fibres and associated optics can be replaced with a single LMA fibre. One of the key features of LMA fibres, for astronomy, is that, unlike the step index fibre, the mode field size is independent of wavelength and the fibre can therefore be fed with a pupil image via a field lens. Chapter 5 investigates this important new parameter space showing that contiguous sampling using single mode fibres is now possible for the first time. Further, unlike the direct feed to the LMA fibre, maximised coupling over very large wavebands is now possible using just a single fibre. Chapter 6 deals with another new fibre technology in astronomy: Multi-mode fibre (MMF) to single-mode array (SMA) transitions. These fibre systems break out the modes of the multi-mode fibre into an array of single-mode fibres upon which Bragg gratings can be etched. The SMA is then refused into an output MMF resulting in a multimode device but with single-mode line suppression. The number of modes transmitted is numerically equal to the number of fibres in the SMA and the performance of these devices is investigated on a model telescope showing that only a few tens of modes is required to efficiently transmit either the J or н bands. Finally, Chapter 7 details the experimental investigation of fibre modal noise in high dispersion spectroscopy. This is a photometric error on a resolution element due to fibre modes interfering with each other at very high spectral dispersion. Worryingly, the results show that no current theory exists that can predict the performance of a fibre based high R spectrometer.
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Chen, Lei. "Modelling of photonic crystal fibres." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516842.

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The work in this thesis is to understand, through theory and simulation, a guidance mechanism due to the weak interaction of modes in photonic crystal fibres (PCFs). Firstly, two common kinds of PCFs, that guide light by total internal reflection and by photonic bandgaps, are reviewed. Several typical PCF structures for which light propagation is governed by weak mode interaction are then discussed and particularly compared with bandgap-guiding PCFs. Two independent methods are developed to model a set of related rectangular hollow-core PCF structures. The boundary element method is derived for a general PCF configuration and applied to our model structures. This method numerically provides some basic features about the guided modes, such as the propagation constant and field profile. The calculations show an ideal confinement in our model structure by considering a scalar wave equation and a high dielectric constant at the glass intersections. However, in realistic guidance, both confinement loss and the field of the guided modes indicate a raised leakage due to mode interactions. The analytic methodology starts by solving the ideal case considered in boundary element calculations and leads to analytic solutions for the perfectly guided modes. A perturbation method corresponding to the realistic guidance is then applied to these analytic solutions. This method can provide insight into understanding the formation of leakage through an analysis of mode interactions. An approximate analytic method for obtaining the attenuation of guided modes from the perturbation interaction is demonstrated. Attenuations calculated in this way give good agreement with boundary element results in magnitude and trends in variation. The influences of frequency and fibre parameters on features of the attenuation are also investigated. An overall interpretation of this guidance mechanism and suggestions for fibre optimisation are made in the final chapter, where further development of this work is also proposed.
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Chen, Yong. "Hole control in photonic crystal fibres." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616649.

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Photonic crystal fibres (PCFs) are special fibres with air holes which run along the whole fibre length. These holes not only determine the fibres' unique properties, but also provide a new degree of freedom for fibre modications. In this thesis, we focus on hole control in PCFs from two perspectives: during their fabrication and after they have been made. We found for the first time that the direct information of viscosity was not necessary for description of the fibre drawing process. This conclusion matched our experimental results without recourse to any adjustable fitting parameters. By post-processing of PCFs, which modifies the cladding and core structure and shape, we have achieved a series of novel devices for both linear and nonlinear applications. We have demonstrated fibre devices with cores resembling Young's double slits that have good performance in terms of compatibility and intensity enhancement for a specific application in fibre optic spectrometers. The bulk of this thesis reports on higher-order modes and their nonlinear applications. We achieved all-fibre, low loss and broadband mode converters in highly nonlinear PCFs (HNPCFs) which converted the fundamental mode (LP01) to a higher-order mode (LP02), which can then be converted back if necessary. This higher-order mode has been used for supercontinuum (SC) generation and four wave mixing (FWM) at wavelengths unobtainable for the fundamental mode. This is achieved by utilising the profound dispersion properties of the higher-order mode. We also demonstrated another kind of mode conversion: from the fundamental mode to a Bessel-like beam or its Fourier transform version, an annular beam. Three different methods were implemented experimentally to achieve this non-diffractive, self-healing beam.
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Witkowska, Agata. "Post-processing of photonic crystal fibres and standard fibres." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501641.

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This thesis describes work on fibre transitions made in photonic crystal fibres (PCF) and conventional standard fibres. Three post-processing techniques were used to make the transitions: fibre tapering, ferrule drawing and a new technique – PCF hole inflation. All these methods change the fibre dimensions on a centimeter scale while maintaining very low loss. In the hole inflation technique, cladding holes are pressurized and can be enlarged while heat-treating, unlike other techniques where the holes can only be reduced in size. Controlled hole expansion was used to produce devices for applications such as supercontinuum generation. Furthermore, differential pressurization of holes could create a diversity of core shapes in a PCF section. For example they were investigated to improve interfacing of laser diodes to fibres. Differential pressurization was also used to introduce new cores into PCFs. Introducing a larger core asymmetrically by the original core resulted in a fundamental to second-order mode conversion with a high extinction ratio. Alternatively, similar mode conversion was demonstrated by fusing two unequal standard fibres. Also with standard fibres, low-loss multimode to single-mode fibre transitions were made using a modified fibre fabrication technique. These fibre transitions and optical devices have a wide range of potential applications, for example in supercontinuum generation and low-loss interfacing of fibres to other optical systems.
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Williams, Gareth Owen Scott. "Photochemical kinetics and fluorescence spectroscopy in photonic crystal fibres." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11747.

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This thesis describes work carried out to demonstrate the use of photonic crystal fibres for the study of photochemistry reaction kinetics and fluorescence spectroscopy. Photonic crystal fibre allows the guidance of light, in a well-defined mode, over long path lengths. When the fibre’s microstructure is filled with a sample solution this, therefore, provides a greatly increased measurement path length and greater light-sample interaction than is possible in conventional spectroscopic systems, leading to enhanced sensitivity whilst greatly reducing the required sample volumes. The use of photonic crystal fibre as a micro reaction chamber for carrying out photochemical reactions and the study of their kinetics was achieved through monitoring the photoisomerisation of two azobenzene-based dyes, Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1, using real-time UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Both the 488 nm excitation laser and the broadband light source for the measurements were co-coupled through the fibre, giving perfect overlap of both with the sample. The fibre used for the measurements was a hollow core kagomé-type fibre with a core diameter of 19μm, giving a sample volume of 2.8 nL cm-1. The 30 cm path-length of the fibre allowed the use of sample concentrations down to 5×10-6 M, over an order of magnitude lower than in a conventional 1cm cuvette, with a sample volume of 90 nl in the core, a reduction of five orders of magnitude over conventional measurements. The kinetics of the photoisomerisation from the trans to the cis isomers of the dyes and the thermally driven cis-to-trans isomerisation could be tracked on the ms timescale, using a grating spectrometer which recorded the entire absorption spectrum of the dye. The data were numerically fitted using a custom model to take into account the properties of the fibre system. This led to the calculation of rate constants for the isomerisation processes in good agreement with those previously measured for these dye systems in bulk solution. Furthermore, the measurement of the dyes in pentane, in which they are highly insoluble, could be achieved due to the low concentrations that could be used; such measurements have not previously been reported. For the study of photonic crystal fibre as a system for the excitation and collection of fluorescence, two types of fibre were used; the same kagomé hollow-core fibre used for the photochemistry absorption measurements and a suspended-core “Mercedes” fibre. This allowed for the excitation of fluorophores in two contrasting environments. In the kagomé fibre fluorophores in bulk solution are excited whilst, in the Mercedes fibre, only fluorophores either on or in close proximity to the silica core interact with the evanescent field of the excitation light. The Fluorescein fluorophore was used initially to measure the detection limits in both fibre types and limits of 2x10-11 M in the kagomé and 10-9 M in the Mercedes fibre were obtained. This equates to 106 molecules in the kagomé fibre, which displays the lower detection limit due to greater light-sample interaction. Two-photon excitation of the Fluorescein fluorophore was then carried out using a mode-locked Ti-Sapphire laser as an excitation source, demonstrating the ability of the fibre system to sustain two-photon excitation of a long (30 cm) path length. The two-photon measurements showed remarkable detection sensitivity allowing detection of fluorescence from 10-9 M solutions of Fluorescein, showing the potential of using PCF for two-photon based experiments which are of particular interest in fields such as photodynamic therapy. A further study was carried out, using the two fibre types, for measurement of the fluorescence lifetime of the Rhodamine B fluorophore. Unperturbed lifetimes could be measured in the fibres showing no interference from the fibre. The measurements confirmed, in reference to known lifetime values, that in the kagomé fibre the excited fluorophores are in the bulk solution with only a minor influence from surface effects, whilst in the Mercedes fibre all of the excited molecules experience interaction with the surface of the silica core. This, therefore, gives a method of locating the fluorophores with respect to the fibre surface and the ability to choose between measurement of bulk solution and long path-length evanescent field-induced fluorescence.
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Uthman, Muhammad. "Finite element characterisation of photonic crystal fibres." Thesis, City University London, 2013. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3012/.

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Rigorous numerical simulations have been carried out by using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in order to calculate bending and leakage losses of Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCF). A modal solution approach including the implementations of the conformal transformation and the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) were undertaken to determine the bending and leakage losses of several designs of Photonic Crystal Fibres. This was carried out by varying key parameters such as the pitch (Λ), diameter (d) and air-filling fraction (d/Λ). Output modal parameters including the effective indices, spot sizes, leakage and bending losses as well as the mode field profiles were obtained. These output parameters were obtained by varying the bending radius (R) from very large values to very low values for different dimensions of the PCF, with results being obtained for Transverse Magnetic and Transverse Electric (quasi-TM and quasi-TE) polarizations. These parameters were calculated by solving the Maxwell’s equations using the H-field vector formulation and with the inclusion of PML to solve complex eigenvalue equations. Generally, it was observed that for all Λ, d/Λ and the polarization considered, as R is reduced from a very high value to lower values, the bending losses increase and there is a sharp increase at some lower values of R. At some very low values of R, some oscillatory behaviour was observed in the curves obtained for the fibre losses, where further investigations were carried out. These oscillations appeared due to degeneration of the fundamental mode with the cladding modes. In most of the cases investigated, there was a correlation in the variation of effective indices the loss values and also in the variation of spot sizes. PCFs with non-identical air-holes were also investigated in which case the d ≠ d2 (diameter of 4 larger air-holes in the first ring) and knowing the values for TM and TE polarizations, it was possible to determine the birefringence, which is the difference between the effective indices for the TM and TE modes and also the loss ratio, which is the ratio of TM loss to that of the TE loss. All the input and output parameters that were considered with the symmetric air-holes were also considered in the case with fibre with asymmetric air-holes study. The results obtained are very important in the design of Single Mode Single Polarization PCF. Results have also been obtained from the studies done of asymmetric arrangement of air-holes which lead to the design of Single Mode Single Polarization PCF. Work was carried out on the design of a tapered PCF that could be efficiently coupled to a single mode fibre, SMF. This was achieved by increasing the number rings up to 10 rings of air-holes in the cladding and having the outermost ring with larger air-holes, the inner rings were near cutoff. This fibre was coupled to a conventional SMF to allow for better tolerance to fabrication errors. There has also been work carried out in polymer fibre namely Teflon and TOPAS in the terahertz regime. The conventional hexagonal arrangement of PCF was simulated and compared to spiral PCF in THz. An improved PCF design having a porous core with hexagonal arrangement and cladding was designed and analysed and low-loss guidance in THz was achieved. Thus overall a number of different PCF designs were considered and their properties evaluated and detailed knowledge has been obtained on potential performance of such fibres.
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Kabir, Saiful. "Finite element modelling of photonic crystal fibres." Thesis, City University London, 2007. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8592/.

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Photonic crystal fibre (PCF), a new kind of optical fibre, has many air-holes in their cross-section and has potential applications to new optical communication systems. The main objective of this research is the modelling of photonic crystal fibre to identify the fundamental and higher order quasi-TE and TM modes with square, ,rectangular and circular air holes in a square and hexagonal matrix, by using a rigorous full-vectorial H-field based finite element method (FEM). Besides the modal solutions of the effective indices, mode field profiles, spot sizes, modal hybridness, polarization beat length and group velocity dispersion values for equal and unequal air holes; research was carried out to optimize and design highly birefringent PCF. The variation of modal birefringence is shown through the effect of hole diameters, air hole arrangement, structural asymmetry, operating wavelength, and pitch-distance. Birefringence was enhanced by breaking the structural symmetry and this was verified by using unequal air holes. The diameter of two air holes and four air holes in the first ring was changed to break the rotational symmetry and a comparison between the two designs is made in this work. In this work, highly birefringent PCF is designed with higher operating wavelength, larger d2/A value, lower pitch length for a given structural asymmetry. It is identified that birefringence value increases rapidly when d2 is much larger than d. At lower pitch value, one of the highest birefringence values reported so far at wavelertgth of 1.55 J.Jm for an asymmetric PCF using circular air holes. A single polarization guide PCF structure is also achieved. In this study, it has been identified that for fixed d/A and d2/A value, as operating wavelength is increased, birefringence increases significantly. It can also be identified that for higher d/A values, birefringence changes rapidly with A as their corresponding cutoff condition also approaches. One important validation of this work is the existence of modal birefringence for PCF with six-fold rotational symmetry. It is shown that birefringence value of a simple PCF incorporating circular holes but of different diameters is high compared to polarization maintaining Panda or Bow-tie fibres. This research also aims to investigate the modal leakage losses of PCF, by using a semi-vectorial beam propagation method (BPM) based on the versatile FEM. The robust perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition has been introduced to the modal solution approach. The effects of d2/A, operating wavelength and number of air holes have been thoroughly detailed and explained. In this study, it has been identified that the confinement loss decreases significantly with the increased number of rings, lower operating wavelength and lower d2/A value. For special case, PCF with large spot-size provides higher leakage loss.
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Hooper, Lucy. "Photonic crystal fibres for coherent supercontinuum generation." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557820.

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In this research photonic crystal fibres were developed for the purpose of generating coherent supercontinua. Two photonic crystal fibres were fabricated with all-normal group velocity dispersion profiles, with low dispersion at pump wavelengths 800 nm and 1064 nm. Supercontinua generated using these fibres were shown to have superior stability and coherence compared with supercontinua generated in fibres with anomalous dispersion at the pump wavelength. Using a short piece of photonic crystal fibre with all-normal group velocity dispersion, pumped at 1064 nm, a self phase modulation spectrum spanning 200 nm was generated. The supercontinuum was re-compressed using linear chirp compensation to 26 fs, which was within a factor of two of the theoretical transform limit. This demonstrates the high spectral coherence, stability, and almost-linear chirp of the supercontinuum. Simulations showed that pulse compression using a supercontinuum generated in a photonic crystal fibre with anomalous dispersion at the pump wavelength would be limited by shot-to-shot fluctuations in the spectral intensity and phase, and the nonlinear chirp. Using a longer piece of all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fibre, supercontinuum is generated by self phase modulation, and optical wave breaking. A broad flat supercontinuum spanning 700 nm, centred at 1064 nm was generated. This supercontinuum was spectrally filtered, and the pulses obtained analysed in the temporal domain. Clean, stable sub-picosecond pulses were achieved, demonstrating the applicability of such a supercontinuum as part of a compact, tunable laser source. The same experiment was carried out using a photonic crystal fibre with anomalous dispersion at the pump wavelength, resulting in pulses with a large portion of energy contained in broad shoulders, and higher order modes. Interferometric coherence measurements were carried out at 800 nm using a Ti:Sapphire laser. A supercontinuum was generated in all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fibre with low dispersion at 800 nm, spanning 400 nm. Supercontinuum pulses generated by consecutive laser pulses were brought together in time using an interferometer. The interference between consecutive pulses was viewed spectrally, and the interference fringes had high visibility across the whole supercontinuum bandwidth. This demonstrates high spectral coherence. A supercontinuum generated in photonic crystal fibre with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm was tested in the same way, and the interference fringes obtained had lower visibility, indicating low spectral coherence. The research presented demonstrates that photonic crystal fibres with all-normal dispersion profiles can be used to generate supercontinua with high coherence and intensity stability. This type of supercontinuum is applicable to ultra-short pulse compression, and can be spectrally filtered to create a broadband tunable ultra-short laser source.
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Issa, Nader. "Modes and propagation in microstructured optical fibres." University of Sydney. Physics and Optical Fibre Technology Centre, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/613.

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Microstructured optical fibres (MOFs), also commonly called photonic crystal fibres or holey fibres, describe a type of optical fibre in which continuous channels of (typically) air run their entire length. These `holes' serve to both confine electromagnetic waves within the core of the fibre and to tailor its transmission properties. In order to understand and quantify both of these functions, a new computational algorithm was developed and implemented. It solves for the eigenvalues of Maxwell's wave equations in the two-dimensional waveguide cross-section, with radiating boundary conditions imposed outside the microstructure. This yields the leaky modes supported by the fibre. The boundary conditions are achieved exactly using a novel refinement scheme called the Adjustable Boundary Condition (ABC) method. Two implementations are programmed and their computational efficiencies are compared. Both use an azimuthal Fourier decomposition, but radially, a finite difference scheme is shown to be more efficient than a basis function expansion. The properties of the ABC method are then predicted theoretically using an original approach. It shows that the method is highly efficient, robust, automated and generally applicable to any implementation or to other radiating problems. A theoretical framework for the properties of modes in MOFs is also presented. It includes the use of the Bloch-Floquet theorem to provide a simpler and more efficient way to exploit microstructure symmetry. A new, but brief study of the modal birefringence properties in straight and spun fibres is also included. The theoretical and numerical tools are then applied to the study of polymer MOFs. Three types of fibres are numerically studied, fabricated and characterised. Each is of contemporary interest. Firstly, fabrication of the first MOFs with uniformly oriented elliptical holes is presented. A high degree of hole ellipticity is achieved using a simple technique relying on hole deformation during fibre draw. Both form and stress-optic birefringence are characterized over a broad scaled-wavelength range, which shows excellent agreement with numerical modelling. Secondly, an analysis of leaky modes in real air core MOFs, fabricated specifically for photonic band gap guidance, is then used to identify alternative guiding mechanisms. The supported leaky modes exhibit properties closely matching a simple hollow waveguide, weakly influenced by the surrounding microstructure. The analysis gives a quantitative determination of the wavelength dependent confinement loss of these modes and illustrates a mechanism not photonic band gap in origin by which colouration can be observed in such fibres. Finally, highly multimode MOFs (also called `air-clad' fibres) that have much wider light acceptance angles than conventional fibres are studied. An original and accurate method is presented for determining the numerical aperture of such fibres using leaky modes. The dependence on length, wavelength and various microstructure dimensions are evaluated for the first time for a class of fibres. These results show excellent agreement with published measurements on similar fibres and verify that bridge thicknesses much smaller than the wavelength are required for exceptionally high numerical apertures. The influence of multiple layers of holes on the numerical aperture and capture efficiency are then presented. It shows that a substantial increase in both these parameters can be achieved for some bridge thicknesses. Simple heuristic expressions for these quantities are given, which are based on the physical insight provided by the full numerical models. The work is then supported by the first fabrication attempts of large-core polymer MOFs with thin supporting bridges. These fibres exhibit relatively high numerical apertures and show good agreement with theoretical expectations over a very wide scaled-wavelength range.
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Books on the topic "Photonic crystal fibres"

1

Jes, Broeng, and Sanchez Bjarklev Araceli, eds. Photonic crystal fibres. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Bjarklev, Anders, Jes Broeng, and Araceli Sanchez Bjarklev. Photonic Crystal Fibres. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0475-7.

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Bjarklev, Anders. Photonic Crystal Fibres. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003.

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A, Cucinotta, and Selleri Stefano, eds. Photonic crystal fibers: Properties and applications. Dordrecht: Springer, 2007.

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Du, Henry H. Photonic crystals and photonic crystal fibers for sensing applications III: 9 and 11 September, 2007, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2007.

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Kalli, Kyriacos. Photonic crystal fibers IV: 14-16 April 2010, Brussels, Belgium. Edited by Urbańczyk Wacław, SPIE (Society), B.-BHOT-Brussels Photonics Team, and Comité belge d'optique. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2010.

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Kalli, Kyriacos. Photonic crystal fibers II: 9-10 April 2008, Strasbourg, France. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2008.

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Europe, SPIE, Akademie věd České republiky. Fyzikální ústav, and SPIE (Society), eds. Photonic crystal fibers III: 22-23 April 2009, Prague, Czech Republic. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2009.

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missing], [name. Optical solitons: From fibers to phototonic crystals. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2003.

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Weiss, Sharon M. Active photonic crystals: 28-29 August 2007, San Diego, California, USA. Edited by Garcia-Santamaria Florencio and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Photonic crystal fibres"

1

Bjarklev, Anders, Jes Broeng, and Araceli Sanchez Bjarklev. "Introduction." In Photonic Crystal Fibres, 1–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0475-7_1.

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Bjarklev, Anders, Jes Broeng, and Araceli Sanchez Bjarklev. "Fundamentals of Photonic Crystal Waveguides." In Photonic Crystal Fibres, 19–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0475-7_2.

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Bjarklev, Anders, Jes Broeng, and Araceli Sanchez Bjarklev. "Theory and Modelling of Microstructured Fibres." In Photonic Crystal Fibres, 53–113. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0475-7_3.

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Bjarklev, Anders, Jes Broeng, and Araceli Sanchez Bjarklev. "Fabrication of Photonic Crystal Fibres." In Photonic Crystal Fibres, 115–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0475-7_4.

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Bjarklev, Anders, Jes Broeng, and Araceli Sanchez Bjarklev. "Properties of High-Index Core Fibres." In Photonic Crystal Fibres, 131–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0475-7_5.

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Bjarklev, Anders, Jes Broeng, and Araceli Sanchez Bjarklev. "Low-Index Core Fibres — The True Photonic Bandgap Approach." In Photonic Crystal Fibres, 161–218. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0475-7_6.

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Bjarklev, Anders, Jes Broeng, and Araceli Sanchez Bjarklev. "Applications and Future Perspectives." In Photonic Crystal Fibres, 219–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0475-7_7.

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Skryabin, Dmitry V., and William J. Wadsworth. "Nonlinear Optics and Solitons in Photonic Crystal Fibres." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 37–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02066-7_3.

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Francis-Jones, Robert J. A. "Photon Pair Generation via Four-Wave Mixing in Photonic Crystal Fibres." In Springer Theses, 21–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64188-1_2.

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Kirchhof, Johannes, Jens Kobelke, Kay Schuster, Hartmut Bartelt, Rumen Iliew, Christoph Etrich, and Falk Lederer. "Photonic Crystal Fibers." In Photonic Crystals, 266–88. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527602593.ch14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Photonic crystal fibres"

1

Russell, P. S. J. "Photonic crystal fibres." In 11th International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fibre Communications. 23rd European Conference on Optical Communications IOOC-ECOC97. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19971366.

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Russell, Philip. "PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBRES." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2009.otuc1.

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Birk, T. A., M. D. W. Grogan, Z. Chen, L. M. Xiao, S. G. Leon-Saval, C. Xiong, and R. England. "Modifying photonic crystal fibres." In 2009 14th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oecc.2009.5214263.

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Knight, J. C., T. A. Birks, B. J. Mangan, P. St J. Russel, G. G. Vienne, and J. P. De Sandro. "Multicore photonic crystal fibres." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.1997.pdp5.

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Knight, J. C. "Better photonic crystal fibres." In Asia Pacific Optical Communications, edited by Ming-Jun Li, Ping Shum, Ian H. White, and Xingkun Wu. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.802753.

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Delgado-Pinar, M., J. Cascante-Vindas, S. Torres-Peiro, T. Pinheiro-Ortega, E. Silvestre, A. Diez, J. L. Cruz, and M. V. Andres. "Fabrication of Polarizing Photonic Crystal Fibres and Photonic Crystal Fibre Tapers: Applications." In 2007 International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2007.4296168.

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Jiang, X., F. Babic, N. Y. Joly, T. G. Euser, T. Weiss, A. Abdolvand, M. A. Finger, et al. "Soft-Glass Photonic Crystal Fibres." In Specialty Optical Fibers. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sof.2014.som2b.5.

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Russell, P. St J. "Hollow-core photonic crystal fibres." In 2012 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oecc.2012.6276543.

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Nasilowski, Tomasz, Francis Berghmans, Thomas Geernaert, Karima Chah, Jurgen van Erps, Gabriela Statkiewicz, Marcin Szpulak, et al. "Sensing with photonic crystal fibres." In 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wisp.2007.4447526.

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Russell, P. St J. "Recent applications of photonic crystal fibres." In Photonic and Phononic Crystal Materials and Devices X. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.848547.

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Reports on the topic "Photonic crystal fibres"

1

Gaeta, Alexander. Light Propagation in Photonic Crystal Fibers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada433691.

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Hansen, Kim P. Erbium-doped Photonic Crystal Fiber. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada524643.

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Gaeta. Novel Optical Interaction in Band-Gap Photonic Crystal Fibers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456785.

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Zheltikov, Aleksei. Spectral Transformation of Ultrashort Pulses in Photonic-Crystal Fibers. Appendix. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460510.

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Sutton, Jacob O. FIBER LASER CONSTRUCTION AND THEORY INCLUDING FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) and applications of gas filled PCFs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1346829.

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Shawkey, Matthew D. Avian Nanostructured Tissues as Models for New Defensive Coatings and Photonic Crystal Fibers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567600.

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