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Woliński, Tomasz, Sławomir Ertman, Katarzyna Rutkowska, Daniel Budaszewski, Marzena Sala-Tefelska, Miłosz Chychłowski, Kamil Orzechowski, Karolina Bednarska, and Piotr Lesiak. "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers – 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907.
Full textAbstract:
Research activities in the area of photonic liquid crystal fibers carried out over the last 15 years at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) have been reviewed and current research directions that include metallic nanoparticles doping to enhance electro-optical properties of the photonic liquid crystal fibers are presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a photonic crystal fiber filled with a low-birefringence liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE, 5518, 232-237 (2004). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S.-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2181-2183 (2004). CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express, 11, 20, 2589-2596 (2003). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13, 2, 59-64 (2005). CrossRef M. Chychłowski, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, "Splay orientation in a capillary", Phot. Lett. Pol. 2, 1, 31-33 (2010). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic liquid crystal fibers — a new challenge for fiber optics and liquid crystals photonics", Opto-Electron. Rev. 14, 4, 329-334 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 985-991 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications", IEEE Trans. Inst. Meas. 57, 8, 1796-1802 (2008). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, et al., "Multi-Parameter Sensing Based on Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 502: 220-234., (2009). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, Xiao G and Bock WJ Photonics sensing: principle and applications for safety and security monitoring, (New Jersey, Wiley, 147-181, 2012). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a polymer-based photonic liquid crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. A 115, 2, 569-574 (2014). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol., 35, 16, 3399-3405 (2017). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Recent Progress in Liquid-Crystal Optical Fibers and Their Applications in Photonics", J. Lightwave Technol., 37, 11, 2516-2526 (2019). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Electric Field Sensing With Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers Based on Micro-Electrodes Systems", J. Lightwave Technol., 33, 2, 2405-2411, (2015). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 8, 1208-1214 (2012). CrossRef K. Mileńko, S. Ertman, T. R. Woliński, "Numerical analysis of birefringence tuning in high index microstructured fiber selectively filled with liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8794 (2013). CrossRef O. Jaworska and S. Ertman, "Photonic bandgaps in selectively filled photonic crystal fibers", Phot. Lett. Pol., 9, 3, 79-81 (2017). CrossRef I.C. Khoo, S.T.Wu, "Optics and Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals", World Scientific (1993). CrossRef P. Lesiak et al., "Thermal optical nonlinearity in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals doped with gold nanoparticles", Proc. SPIE 10228, 102280N (2017). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, T. Woliński, "Modeling of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 2, 3, 107 (2010). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, L-W. Wei, "Assessment on the applicability of finite difference methods to model light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 4, 4, 161 (2012). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, U. Laudyn, P. Jung, "Nonlinear discrete light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 5, 1, 17 (2013). CrossRef M. Murek, K. Rutkowska, "Two laser beams interaction in photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with highly nonlinear materials", Photon. Lett. Poland 6, 2, 74 (2014). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 558, 184-193, (2012). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Propagation Effects in Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers with a Complex Structure", Acta Phys. Pol. A, 118, 1259-1261 (2010). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Polarization properties of cubic blue phases of a cholesteric liquid crystal", Opt. Mater. 69, 259-264 (2017). CrossRef H. Yoshida et al., "Heavy meson spectroscopy under strong magnetic field", Phys. Rev. E 94, 042703 (2016). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef C.-W. Chen et al., "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Express 20, 23978-23984 (2012). CrossRef C.-H. Lee et al., "Polarization-independent bistable light valve in blue phase liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Opt. 52, 4849-4853 (2013). CrossRef D. Poudereux et al., "Infiltration of a photonic crystal fiber with cholesteric liquid crystal and blue phase", Proc. SPIE 9290 (2014). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Optical properties of cubic blue phase liquid crystal in photonic microstructures", Opt. Express 27, 10, 14270-14282 (2019). CrossRef M. Wahle, J. Ebel, D. Wilkes, H.S. Kitzerow, "Asymmetric band gap shift in electrically addressed blue phase photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Express 24, 20, 22718-22729 (2016). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Investigation of the Kerr effect in a blue phase liquid crystal using a wedge-cell technique", Phot. Lett. Pol. 9, 2, 54-56 (2017). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "Influence of cylindrical geometry and alignment layers on the growth process and selective reflection of blue phase domains", Opt. Mater. 75, 211-215 (2018). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "The influence of orienting layers on blue phase liquid crystals in rectangular geometries", Phot. Lett. Pol. 10, 4, 100-102 (2018). CrossRef P. G. de Gennes JP. The Physics of Liquid Crystals. (Oxford University Press 1995). CrossRef L.M. Blinov and V.G. Chigrinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, NY: Springer New York 1994). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A.J. Srivastava, V.G. Chigrinov, T.R. Woliński, "Electro-optical properties of photo-aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibres", Liq. Cryst., 46 2, 272-280 (2019). CrossRef V. G. Chigrinov, V. M. Kozenkov, H-S. Kwok. Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2008). CrossRef M. Schadt et al., "Surface-Induced Parallel Alignment of Liquid Crystals by Linearly Polymerized Photopolymers", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.31, 2155-2164 (1992). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 4679 (2014). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, et al., "Photo‐aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibers", J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23, 196-201 (2015). CrossRef O. Stamatoiu, J. Mirzaei, X. Feng, T. Hegmann, "Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles", Top Curr Chem 318, 331-392 (2012). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Titanium nanoparticles doping of 5CB infiltrated microstructured optical fibers", Photonics Lett. Pol. 8 1, 29-31 (2016). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 8, 2790-2801 (2017). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Nanoparticles-enhanced photonic liquid crystal fibers", J. Mol. Liq. 267, 271-278 (2018). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Opt. Exp. 27, 10, 14260-14269 (2019). CrossRef
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Budaszewski, Daniel, and Tomasz R. Woliński. "Light propagation in a photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with mesogenic azobenzene dyes." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.730.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, light propagation in an isotropic photonic crystal fiber as well in a silica-glass microcapillary infiltrated with a mesogenic azobenzene dye has been investigated. It appeared that light spectrum guided inside the photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with the investigated azobenzene dye depends on the illuminating wavelength of the absorption band and on linear polarization. Also, alignment of the mesogenic azobenzene dye molecules inside silica glass microcapillaries and photonic crystal fibers has been investigated. Results obtained may lead to a new design of optically tunable photonic devices. Full Text: PDF ReferencesP. Russell. St. J. "Photonic-Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729 (2006). CrossRef T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Exp. 11, 2589 (2003). CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, A. Asquini, E. E. Kriezis, A. d'Alessandro, R. Beccherelli, "Guided-wave liquid-crystal photonics", Lab Chip, 12, 3598 (2012). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett 85, 2181 (2004) CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, E. E. Kriezis, "Tunable Polarization Properties of Hybrid-Guiding Liquid-Crystal Photonic Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 27 (6), 773 (2009) CrossRef S. Ertman, M. Tefelska, M. Chychłowski, A. Rodriquez, D. Pysz, R. Buczyński, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dąbrowski, T. R. Woliński. "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 1208 (2012). CrossRef D. Noordegraaf, L. Scolari, J. Laegsgaard, L. Rindorf, T. T. Alkeskjold, "Electrically and mechanically induced long period gratings in liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Expr. 15, 7901 (2007) CrossRef M. M. Tefelska, M. S. Chychlowski, T. R. Wolinski, R. Dabrowski, W. Rejmer, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, P. Mergo, "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 558(1), 184 (2012). CrossRef S. Mathews, Y. Semenova, G. Farrell, "Electronic tunability of ferroelectric liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fibre", Electronics Letters, 45(12), 617 (2009). CrossRef V. Chigrinov, H-S Kwok, H. Takada, H. Takatsu, "Photo-aligning by azo-dyes: Physics and applications", Liquid Crystals Today, 14:4, 1-15, (2005) CrossRef A. Siarkowska, M. Jóźwik, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, V.G. Chigrinov, "Photo-alignment of liquid crystals in micro capillaries with point-by-point irradiation", Opto-Electon. Rev. 22, 178 (2014); CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A. K. Srivastava, A. M. W. Tam, T. R. Woliński, V. G. Chigrinov, H-S. Kwok, "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 16 (2014) CrossRef J-H Liou, T-H. Chang, T. Lin, Ch-P. Yu, "Reversible photo-induced long-period fiber gratings in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opt. Expr. 19, (7), 6756, (2011) CrossRef T. T. Alkeskjold, J. Laegsgaard, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, J. Broeng, J. Li, S-T. Wu, "All-optical modulation in dye-doped nematic liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Exp, 12 (24), 5857 (2004) CrossRef K. Ichimura, Y. Suzuki, T. Seki, A. Hosoki, K. Aoki, "Reversible change in alignment mode of nematic liquid crystals regulated photochemically by command surfaces modified with an azobenzene monolayer", Langmuir, 4, 1214 (1988) CrossRef http://www.beamco.com/Azobenzene-liquid-crystals DirectLink K. A. Rutkowska, K. Orzechowski, M. Sierakowski, "Wedge-cell technique as a simple and effective method for chromatic dispersion determination of liquid crystals", Phot. Lett, Poland, 8(2), 51 (2016). CrossRef L. Deng, H.-K. Liu, "Nonlinear optical limiting of the azo dye methyl-red doped nematic liquid crystalline films", Opt. Eng. 42, 2936-2941 (2003). CrossRef J. Si, J. Qiu, J. Guo, M. Wang, K. Hirao, "Photoinduced birefringence of azodye-doped materials by a femtosecond laser", Appl. Opt., 42, 7170-7173 (2008). CrossRef
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Pinto, Ana M. R., and Manuel Lopez-Amo. "All-fiber lasers through photonic crystal fibers." Nanophotonics 2, no. 5-6 (December 16, 2013): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0026.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA review on all-fiber lasers based on photonic crystal fibers is presented. Photonic crystal fibers present improved features beyond what conventional optical fibers can offer. Due to their geometric versatility, photonic crystal fibers can present special properties and abilities which can lead to enhanced lasing structures. A brief description of photonic crystal fibers and fiber laser’s properties is presented. All-fiber laser structures developed using photonic crystal fibers are described and divided in two groups, depending on the cavity topology: ring cavity fiber lasers and linear cavity fiber lasers. All-fiber lasers applications in the photonic crystal fiber related sensing field are described.
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Poudereux, David, Manuel Cano-García, Domenico Alj, Roberto Caputo, Cesare Umeton, Morten Andreas Geday, José Manuel Otón, and Xabier Quintana. "Recording Policryps structures in photonic crystal fibers." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.700.
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Policryps structures of photo-curable adhesive NOA61 and nematic liquid crystal mixture E7 have been created inside selected microchannels of photonic crystal fibers (PCF). The PCF was selectively infiltrated with the photopolymer-liquid crystal mixture for the writing of a holographic tunable grating inside specific holes of the photonic fiber. A 2um pitch grating was successfully recorded in the PCF inner holes with and without collapsing the fiber cladding. The liquid crystal is properly aligned in both cases. Full Text: PDF ReferencesQ. Liu, et al., "Tunable Fiber Polarization Filter by Filling Different Index Liquids and Gold Wire Into Photonic Crystal Fiber", J. Lightwave Technol. 34(10), 2484 (2016). CrossRef L. Velázquez-Ibarra, A. Díez, E. Silvestre, M.V. Andrés, "Wideband tuning of four-wave mixing in solid-core liquid-filled photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Lett. 41(11), 2600 (2016). CrossRef T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express 11(20), 2589 (2003). CrossRef H.Y. Choi, M.J. Kim, B.H. Lee, "All-fiber Mach-Zehnder type interferometers formed in photonic crystal fiber", Opt. Express 15(9), 5711 (2007). CrossRef D. Poudereux, P. Corredera, E. Otón, J.M. Otón, X.Q. Arregui, "Photonic liquid crystal fiber intermodal interferometer" Opt. Pura Apl. 46(4), 321 (2013). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, et al., "Tunable Optofluidic Polymer Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 619(1), 2 (2015). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, T.R. Woliński, M.A. Geday, J.M. Otón, "Photonic Crystal Fibers infiltrated with Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals", Phot. Lett. Poland, 2(3), 110 (2010). CrossRef D. Alj, S. Paladugu, G. Volpe, R. Caputo, C. Umeton, "Polar POLICRYPS diffractive structures generate cylindrical vector beams", Appl. Phys. Lett., 107(20), 201101 (2015). CrossRef A. Veltri, R. Caputo, C. Umeton, A.V. Sukhov, "Model for the photoinduced formation of diffraction gratings in liquid-crystalline composite materials", Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(18), 3492 (2004). CrossRef T.J. Bunning, L.V. Natarajan, V.P. Tondiglia, R.L. Sutherland, "Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals (H-PDLCs)", Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 30(1), 83 (2000). CrossRef R. Caputo, L. De Sio, A.V. Sukhov, A. Veltri, C. Umeton, "Development of a new kind of switchable holographic grating made of liquid-crystal films separated by slices of polymeric material", Opt. Lett., 29, 1261 (2004). CrossRef A. Marino, F. Vita, V. Tkachenko, R. Caputo, C. Umeton, A. Veltri, G. Abbate, "Dynamical behaviour of holographic gratings with a nematic film --Polymer slice sequence structure", Euro. Phys. J. E 15, 47 (2004). CrossRef G. Abbate, F. Vita, A. Marino, V. Tkachenko, S. Slussarenko, O. Sakhno, J. Stumpe, "New Generation of Holographic Gratings Based on Polymer-LC Composites: POLICRYPS and POLIPHEM", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 453(1), 1 (2006). CrossRef G. Zito, S. Pissadakis, "Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal Bragg grating integrated inside a solid core photonic crystal fiber", Opt. Lett. 38(17), 3253 (2013). CrossRef B. Sun, et al., "Unique Temperature Dependence of Selectively Liquid-Crystal-Filled Photonic Crystal Fibers", IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 28(12), 1282 (2016). CrossRef R. Caputo, et al., "POLICRYPS: a liquid crystal composed nano/microstructure with a wide range of optical and electro-optical applications", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 11(2), 024017 (2009). CrossRef J. Li, S.-T. Wu, S. Brugioni, R. Meucci, S. Faetti, "Infrared refractive indices of liquid crystals", J. Appl. Phys. 97(7), 073501 (2005). CrossRef
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Ali Muse, Haider Ali Muse. "PHOTONIC CRYSTAL AND PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS COMMUNICATIONS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 1 (January 29, 2016): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2016.00020.
Full textAbstract:
The development of all optical communications could benefit from the index guiding photonic crystal fibers. In communication the photonic crystal fibers could provide many new solutions. Conventional optical fibers have within the last decades revolutionized the communications industry and it is today a mature technology being pushed to its limit with respect to properties such as losses, single mode operation and dispersion. The spectra have been used by others to develop optical frequency standards. The process can potentially be used for frequency conversion in fiber optic network. In this system the dispersive properties can be controlled by the optical lattice making it possible to achieve phase-matched four wave mixing, like look the process taking place in the photonic crystal fibers. In this paper we will discuss the use of photonic crystal fibers in communications.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Dispersion in a Gas Filled Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 3 (September 7, 2014): 1250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.11.3.1250-1256.
Full textAbstract:
Hollow core photonic bandgap fibers provide a new geometry for the realization and enhancement of many nonlinear optical effects. Such fibers offer novel guidance and dispersion properties that provide an advantage over conventional fibers for various applications. Dispersion, which expresses the variation with wavelength of the guided-mode group velocity, is one of the most important properties of optical fibers. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer much larger flexibility than conventional fibers with respect to tailoring of the dispersion curve. This is partly due to the large refractive-index contrast available in the silica/air microstructures, and partly due to the possibility of making complex refractive-index structure over the fiber cross section. In this paper the fundamental physical mechanism has been discussed determining the dispersion properties of PCFs, and the dispersion in a gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber has been calculated. We calculate the dispersion of air filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber, also calculate the dispersion of N2 gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber and finally we calculate the dispersion of He gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber.
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Taher, Hanan J. "Dispersion in a Gas Filled Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 3 (September 7, 2014): 1250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2014.11.3.1250-1256.
Full textAbstract:
Hollow core photonic bandgap fibers provide a new geometry for the realization and enhancement of many nonlinear optical effects. Such fibers offer novel guidance and dispersion properties that provide an advantage over conventional fibers for various applications. Dispersion, which expresses the variation with wavelength of the guided-mode group velocity, is one of the most important properties of optical fibers. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer much larger flexibility than conventional fibers with respect to tailoring of the dispersion curve. This is partly due to the large refractive-index contrast available in the silica/air microstructures, and partly due to the possibility of making complex refractive-index structure over the fiber cross section. In this paper the fundamental physical mechanism has been discussed determining the dispersion properties of PCFs, and the dispersion in a gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber has been calculated. We calculate the dispersion of air filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber, also calculate the dispersion of N2 gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber and finally we calculate the dispersion of He gas filled hollow core photonic crystal fiber.
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Chien, Hsi Hsin, Kung Jeng Ma, Yun Peng Yeh, and Choung Lii Chao. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Air Core Polymer Photonic Crystal Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 3000–3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.3000.
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Polymer based photonic crystal fibers with low cost manufacturability, and the mechanical and chemical flexibility offer key advantages over traditional silica based photonic crystal fibers. PMMA photonic crystal fiber was fabricated by stacking an array of PMMA capillaries to form a preform, and followed by fusing and drawing into fiber with a draw tower. The air hole diameter and fraction of photonic crystal fiber can be manipulated by the thickness of PMMA capillaries and drawing temperature. The measurement of mechanical properties was performed by universal testing machine. The air core guiding phenomena was observed in air-core PMMA photonic crystal fiber. The ultimate tensile strength of PMMA photonic crystal fiber increases with the increase of the air-hole fraction. The mechanical strengths of all the microstructured optical fibers are higher than those of traditional PMMA fibers. This can be attributed to the introduction of more cellular interfaces which hinder the crack propagation and hence improve the mechanical strength. The plastic extension of PMMA microstructured optical fiber decreases with the increase of the air-hole fraction. Overall, the mechanical flexibility of PMMA microstructured optical fiber is superior than that of traditional PMMA optical fibers.
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Chychłowski, Miłosz, and Tomasz Woliński. "Frequency dependence of electric field tunability in a photonic liquid crystal fiber based on gold nanoparticles-doped 6CHBT nematic liquid crystal." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i4.1070.
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In this paper, we investigate an external electric field frequency influence on a photonic liquid crystal fiber (PLCF) based on a gold nanoparticles (NPs)-doped nematic liquid crystal (LC) and its response to the external electric field. We used a 6CHBT nematic LC doped with 2-nm gold NPs in a weight concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, and D. M. Atkin, "All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding," Opt. Lett. 21, 1547-1549 (1996) CrossRef J. C. Knight,T. A. Birks, P. S. J.Russell, , and J. P. De Sandro, "Properties of photonic crystal fiber and the effective index model", JOSA A, 15(3), 748-752, (1998) CrossRef S. A. Cerqueira,F. Luan, C. M. B. Cordeiro, A. K. George, and J. C. Knight, "Hybrid photonic crystal fiber", "Optics Express", 14(2), 926-931,(2006) CrossRef W. Bragg, "Liquid Crystals", Nature 133, 445-456, (1934) https://doi.org/10.1038/133445a0 CrossRef J. Kędzierski, K. Garbat, Z. Raszewski, M. Kojdecki, K. Kowiorski, L. Jaroszewicz, and W. Piecek, "Optical properties of a liquid crystal with small ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices and small optical anisotropy", Opto-Electronics Review, 22(3), 162-165, (2014) CrossRef Y. Li, and S. T. Wu, "Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Optics express, 19(9), 8045-8050, (2011) CrossRef T. Woliński, S. Ertman, K. Rutkowska, D. Budaszewski, M. Sala-Tefelska, M. Chychłowski, K. Orzechowski, K. Bednarska, P. Lesiak, "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers - 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology", Phot. Lett. Pol., (11), (2), 22-24, (2019) https://doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907. CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, Opt. Expr. 11(20), 2589, (2003) CrossRef T.R. Woliński, K. Szaniawska, K. Bondarczuk, P. Lesiak, A.W. Domański, R. Dąbrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, J. Wójcik, "Propagation properties of photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13(2), 59 (2005) DirectLink L. Scolari, S. Gauza, H. Xianyu, L. Zhai, L. Eskildsen, T. T. Alkeskjold, S.-T. Wu, and A. Bjarklev, "Frequency tunability of solid-core photonic crystal fibers filled with nanoparticle-doped liquid crystals," Opt. Express 17(5), 3754-3764 (2009). CrossRef A. Siarkowska, M. Chychłowski, D. Budaszewski, B. Jankiewicz, B. Bartosewicz, and T. R. Woliński, "Thermo-and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 8(1), 2790-2801, (2017) CrossRef D. Budaszewski, M. Chychłowski, A. Budaszewska, B. Bartosewicz, B. Jankiewicz, and T. R. Woliński, "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Optics express, 27(10), 14260-14269, (2019) CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A. Siarkowska, M. Chychłowski, B. Jankiewicz, B. Bartosewicz, R. Dąbrowski, T. R. Woliński, "Nanoparticles-enhanced photonic liquid crystal fibers", Journal of Molecular Liquids, 267, 271-278, (2018) CrossRef
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Pinto, Ana M. R., and Manuel Lopez-Amo. "Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications." Journal of Sensors 2012 (2012): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/598178.
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Photonic crystal fibers are a kind of fiber optics that present a diversity of new and improved features beyond what conventional optical fibers can offer. Due to their unique geometric structure, photonic crystal fibers present special properties and capabilities that lead to an outstanding potential for sensing applications. A review of photonic crystal fiber sensors is presented. Two different groups of sensors are detailed separately: physical and biochemical sensors, based on the sensor measured parameter. Several sensors have been reported until the date, and more are expected to be developed due to the remarkable characteristics such fibers can offer.
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Jaworska, Olga H., and Sławomir Ertman. "Photonic bandgaps in selectively filled photonic crystal fibers." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i3.760.
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Simulations of selectively filled photonic crystal fibers using finite elements method were performed. Different patterns of filling were modeled and compared to an empty and fully filled fiber. Dependence of effective refractive indices of guided modes, phase birefringence and confinement losses on guided wavelength was investigated. A comparison of width of photonic bandgaps in different structures was made. Full Text: PDF ReferencesPh. St. J. Russell, "Photonic-Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729 (2006) CrossRef Y. Han, S. Tan, M. K. K. Oo, D. Pristinski, S. Sukhishvili, and H. Du, "Towards Full-Length Accumulative Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Active Photonic Crystal Fibers", Adv. Mat. 22, 2647 (2010) CrossRef S. Ertman, A. H. Rodríguez, M. M. Tefelska, M. S. Chychłowski, D. Pysz, R. Buczyński, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dąbrowski, and T. R. Woliński, "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 1208 (2012) CrossRef K. Mileńko, S. Ertman, T. R. Woliński, "Numerical Analysis of the Phase Birefringence of the Photonic Crystal Fibers Selectively Filled with Liquid Crystal", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 596, 4 (2014) CrossRef Y. Wang, C. Liao, X. Zhong, Z. Li, Y. Liu, J. Zhou, and K. Yang, "Selective-fluid-filled photonic crystal fibers and applications", Proc. SPIE 8914, 89140J-1 (2013) CrossRef F. Wang, W. Yuan, O. Hansen, and O. Bang, "Selective filling of photonic crystal fibers using focused ion beam milled microchannels", Opt. Express 19, 17585 (2011) CrossRef T. Martynkien, G. Statkiewicz-Barabach, J. Olszewski et al., "Highly birefringent microstructured fibers with enhanced sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure", Opt. Express 18, 15113 (2010) CrossRef B. T. Kuhlmey, R.C. McPhedran, C. M. de Sterke, "Modal cutoff in microstructured optical fibers", Opt. Lett. 27, 1684 (2002) CrossRef
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Song, Zhao Yuan, Xiao Dong Liu, and Jing Xia Niu. "Photonic Bandgap Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibers with the Triangular Nonair-Silica Structures." Advanced Materials Research 507 (April 2012): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.507.52.
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The study on the photonic crystal fibers becomes a new research field of fiber optics in recent years, and the bandgap properties of the photonic crystal fibers are the main different points different from those of the general optical fibers. This paper performs the analysis on the bandgap properties of the photonic crystal fibers with the triangular nonair-silica structures by use of the full-vector plane-wave expansion method, focusing on the effect of the dielectric materials filled in the holes on the existence of photonic bandgaps.
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Ma, Jun. "Design and Study of a Novel Regular Decagon Multilayer Photonic Crystal Fiber." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 61 (July 30, 2023): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v61i.10263.
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This study introduces a unique regular decagon multilayer photonic crystal fiber and investigates its design and properties. Through extensive utilization of COMSOL Multiphysics optical module, the fiber's optical characteristics were thoroughly examined. The simulation outcomes indicate that, within the wavelength range of 1000-1500 nm, the photonic crystal fiber exhibits an effective mode field area ranging from 2.33*10-11 to 2.55*10-11 m2, a nonlinear coefficient between 4.96*10-3 and 8.08*10-3 s³/(kg·m³), a dispersion spanning from 1.46 to 1.54, and a loss varying from 3.76*10-3 to 1.29*10-2. This research presents novel approaches and concepts for the calculation, optimization, and design of photonic crystal fibers, ultimately fostering advancements in optical communication, optical sensing, and related domains. Furthermore, it bears significant implications for the practical implementation of innovative photonic crystal fibers in optical sensing and detection applications.
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Hoang, Thu Trang, Van Dai Pham, Thanh Son Pham, Khai Q. Le, and Quang Minh Ngo. "Sensitive Near-Infrared Refractive Index Sensors Based on D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fibers." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 5535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19469.
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We report a numerical study of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber based plasmonic refractive index sensor with high resolution and sensitivity in the near-infrared region. D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is formed by side polishing one part of photonic crystal fiber. It has a polishing surface where plasmonic gold layer is coated to modulate the resonant wavelength and enhance the refractive index sensitivity. Several D-shaped photonic crystal fiber plasmonic sensors with various distances from the photonic crystal fiber’s core to the polishing surface and gold thicknesses are designed and their characteristics are analyzed by the finite element method. The simulation results indicate that distance from the photonic crystal fiber’s core to the polishing surface causes modifications in the loss intensity, the resonant wavelength, and the refractive index sensitivity of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber plasmonic sensor. Mass production of refractive index sensors were achieved using a simple fabrication process, whereby the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is grinded where distance from the photonic crystal fiber’s core to the polishing surface is less than one layer thickness and then coated with the gold layer. For the refractive index sensing applications, the maxima theoretical resolution and sensitivity of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber plasmonic sensor reach 2.98 × 10 6refractive index unit and 6,140 nm/refractive index unit in range of 1.30–1.37, respectively. We also report an initial fabrication of the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber following the standard stack-and- draw method to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed device by using our in-house equipments. The proposed D-shaped photonic crystal fiber plasmonic sensor design in this work would be useful for the development of cheap refractive index sensors with high sensitivity and resolution.
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NAKAZAWA, Masataka. "Photonic Crystal Fibers." Review of Laser Engineering 30, no. 8 (2002): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.30.426.
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TANAKA, Masatoshi. "Photonic Crystal Fibers." Review of Laser Engineering 40, no. 6 (2012): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.40.6_428.
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Buczynski, R. "Photonic Crystal Fibers." Acta Physica Polonica A 106, no. 2 (August 2004): 141–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.106.141.
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Russell, P. "Photonic Crystal Fibers." Science 299, no. 5605 (January 17, 2003): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1079280.
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Russell, Philip St J. "Photonic-Crystal Fibers." Journal of Lightwave Technology 24, no. 12 (December 2006): 4729–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2006.885258.
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Yan, Cheng, H. Yu, Lin Ye, J. Canning, and B. Ashton. "Tensile Behavior of Photonic Crystal Fibers." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.615.
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The mechanical strength and failure behavior of two photonic crystal silica optical fibers with different diameters were investigated using tensile test. The effect of polymer coating on the failure behavior was also studied. The results indicated that all fibers failed in a brittle manner and the failure normally initiated from fiber surfaces. The failure loads observed in the coated fibers are higher than that in bare fibers and the reason is explained by the apparent delamination between the fiber and the polymer coating when loaded on the fiber surfaces. The relationship between a characteristic parameter measured on the fracture surfaces and the failure stress was examined.
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Portosi, Vincenza, Dario Laneve, Mario Christian Falconi, and Francesco Prudenzano. "Advances on Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors and Applications." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 21, 2019): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081892.
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In this review paper some recent advances on optical sensors based on photonic crystal fibres are reported. The different strategies successfully applied in order to obtain feasible and reliable monitoring systems in several application fields, including medicine, biology, environment sustainability, communications systems are highlighted. Emphasis is given to the exploitation of integrated systems and/or single elements based on photonic crystal fibers employing Bragg gratings (FBGs), long period gratings (LPGs), interferometers, plasmon propagation, off-set spliced fibers, evanescent field and hollow core geometries. Examples of recent optical fiber sensors for the measurement of strain, temperature, displacement, air flow, pressure, liquid-level, magnetic field, and hydrocarbon detection are briefly described.
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Altaie, Mohammed. "EFFECT TWO ZERO DISPERSION WAVELENGTHS AND RAMAN SCATTERING IN THE THIRD-ORDER SOLITON OF SOLID CORE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS TO PRODUCE SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION." Malaysian Journal of Science 41, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no2.5.
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Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) which consist of dielectric materials are a don't ever and an ever field in more modern application. The Split-Step Fourier method (SSFM) was used in this work to create a fiber photonic crystal, which was suggested and validated using a Matlab software .The impact of two -zero- dispersion on the Soliton in solid core photonic crystal fibers has been studied by investigating the interplay between Raman effect and second- order- dispersion. It has been discovered that the proposed photonic crystal fibers two –zero- dispersion wavelengths (TZDW) can be used to effectively tailor the properties of third order soliton. Many current applications, including medical and industrial, rely on spectral expansion. In addition, soliton has an important role in modern communication systems.
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Klimek, Jacek. "Coupled Energy Measurements in Multi-Core Photonic-Crystal Fibers." Metrology and Measurement Systems 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2013-0059.
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Abstract This paper outlines a measurement method of properties of microstructured optical fibers that are useful in sensing applications. Experimental studies of produced photonic-crystal fibers allow for a better understanding of the principles of energy coupling in photonic-crystal fibers. For that purpose, fibers with different filling factors and lattice constants were produced. The measurements demonstrated the influence of the fiber geometry on the coupling level of light between the cores. For a distance between the cores of 15 μm, a very low level (below 2%) of energy coupling was obtained. For a distance of 13 μm, the level of energy transfer to neighboring cores on the order of 2-4% was achieved for a filling factor of 0.29. The elimination of the energycoupling phenomenon between the cores was achieved by duplicating the filling factor of the fiber. The coupling level was as high as 22% in the case of fibers with a distance between the cores of 8.5 μm. Our results can be used for microstructured-fiber sensing applications and for transmission-channel switching in liquid-crystal multi-core photonic fibers.
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Algorri, José, Dimitrios Zografopoulos, Alberto Tapetado, David Poudereux, and José Sánchez-Pena. "Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 4263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124263.
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Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are a special class of optical fibers with a periodic arrangement of microstructured holes located in the fiber’s cladding. Light confinement is achieved by means of either index-guiding, or the photonic bandgap effect in a low-index core. Ever since PCFs were first demonstrated in 1995, their special characteristics, such as potentially high birefringence, very small or high nonlinearity, low propagation losses, and controllable dispersion parameters, have rendered them unique for many applications, such as sensors, high-power pulse transmission, and biomedical studies. When the holes of PCFs are filled with solids, liquids or gases, unprecedented opportunities for applications emerge. These include, but are not limited in, supercontinuum generation, propulsion of atoms through a hollow fiber core, fiber-loaded Bose–Einstein condensates, as well as enhanced sensing and measurement devices. For this reason, infiltrated PCF have been the focus of intensive research in recent years. In this review, the fundamentals and fabrication of PCF infiltrated with different materials are discussed. In addition, potential applications of infiltrated PCF sensors are reviewed, identifying the challenges and limitations to scale up and commercialize this novel technology.
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De, Moutusi, Tarun Kumar Gangopadhyay, and Vinod Kumar Singh. "Prospects of Photonic Crystal Fiber as Physical Sensor: An Overview." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030464.
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Photonic crystal fiber sensors have potential application in environmental monitoring, industry, biomedicine, food preservation, and many more. These sensors work based on advanced and flexible phototonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures, controlled light propagation for the measurement of amplitude, phase, polarization and wavelength of spectrum, and PCF-incorporated interferometry techniques. In this article various PCF-based physical sensors are summarized with the advancement of time based on reported works. Some physical PCF sensors are discussed based on solid core as well as hollow core structures, dual core fibers, liquid infiltrated structures, metal coated fibers, grating incorporated fibers. With the advancement of sensing technology the possibilities of temperature, pressure, strain, twist, curvature, electromagnetic field, and refractive index sensing are discussed. Also, limitations as well as possible solutions and future hopes are outlined.
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Li, Yunqiang, Chuntian Chen, Xin Liu, Aina Gong, and Tao Shen. "Performance comparison and analysis of D-type single and dual-core PCF-SPR sensors." Physica Scripta 98, no. 9 (August 24, 2023): 095025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/acf081.
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Abstract Surface plasmon resonance sensors, based on photonic crystal fibers, have demonstrated immense potential in various application fields, owing to their structural design flexibility, operability, and superior sensing capabilities. Despite the potential, the design of photonic crystal fibers with various structures has been a challenging task, due to manufacturing constraints. Thus, this paper aims to explore the design rules of photonic crystal fibers based on surface plasmon resonance, by proposing and designing four photonic crystal fiber sensors with distinct structures. The study investigates the influence of single-core, double-core, and large and small air holes on the sensor’s performance, through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, data acquisition, and analysis. Through our research, we have discovered that by altering the size of pores surrounding the fiber core, as well as the fiber core’s single-mode and dual-mode configurations, we were able to increase the sensitivity of the sensor from its lowest value of 266 nm RIU−1 to as high as 2066 nm RIU−1, an improvement of nearly eightfold. The findings suggest that the sensor with double-core air hole structure exhibits relatively better performance. This analysis is expected to aid in the design of high-performance photonic crystal fiber-based surface plasmon resonance sensors.
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الطائي, Mohammed Salim Jasim. "Theoretical Analysis of The Super-Gaussian Pulse Propagation in Solid-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber." Journal of natural sciences, life and applied sciences 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.j080522.
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Fiber optics have been greatly enhanced by photonic crystal fibers based on microstructure air-glass designs. On the one hand, such fibers enable highly tight light confine in a small mode shape region, resulting in significantly improved alternative options between light and dielectric medium. Photonic crystal fibers, on the other hand, allow light to be guided via air cores instead of glass. As a result, the latter form of fiber decreases of optical nonlinearities in ways that classic fiber designs cannot. The chirp effect and dispersion of photonic crystal fibers with super-Gaussian pulses during various pulses durations are examined in this paper. In both normal and anomalous dispersion patterns. As done the chirp effect and fiber dispersive nonlinear effects are investigated. For this study, the mathematical model of the solution of nonlinear equation is split-step Fourier method. The peak power reduces for broad pulses. When the magnitude of the super-Gaussian pulse increasing proportion, the pulse constriction is also noticeable, Furthermore, these results disclose important facts, such as the fact that an anomalous dispersion system is superior to a regular dispersion system for pulse. These findings are incredibly useful in learning more about photonic crystal fiber and improving data speeds in modern optical communication systems.
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Yu, Ruowei, Yuxing Chen, Lingling Shui, and Limin Xiao. "Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Gas Sensing." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 2996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102996.
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Fiber gas sensing techniques have been applied for a wide range of industrial applications. In this paper, the basic fiber gas sensing principles and the development of different fibers have been introduced. In various specialty fibers, hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) can overcome the fundamental limits of solid fibers and have attracted intense interest recently. Here, we focus on the review of HC-PCF gas sensing, including the light-guiding mechanisms of HC-PCFs, various sensing configurations, microfabrication approaches, and recent research advances including the mid-infrared gas sensors via hollow core anti-resonant fibers. This review gives a detailed and deep understanding of HC-PCF gas sensors and will promote more practical applications of HC-PCFs in the near future.
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Guo, Shu Qin, Min Ge, Pan Zhuang, and Li Ping Chang. "High Birefringence Photonic Crystal Fibers." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.713.
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Photonic crystal fiber (PCFs) offer new possibilities of realizing highly birefringence fibers due to a higher intrinsic index contrast compared to conventional fibers. Here, based on general section structure of PCFs, we take some mend in the core configuration, and achieve highly birefringence effect. A elliptic air hole and its inscribed circular high refractive material form the core of PCFs together. Especially to mention, they are being tangent at two points. By optimally selecting parameters, the effective refractive index difference between two orthogonal directions neff can reach the magnitude of 10-2. After numerical calculation, we find that increase the size of circular solid core, or long axe size of elliptic air hole, birefringence parameter of modal field can become more highly. Moreover, by matching structure parameters appropriately, the modal field diameters can be equivalent in the two orthogonal directions. A Gaussian modal field with highly birefringence character can be acquired.
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Le, Hieu Van, Bien Chu Van, Dinh Thuan Bui, Trung Le Canh, Quang Ho Dinh, and Dinh Nguyen Van Nguyen Van. "Optimization of the ultra-flattened normal dispersion in photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with olive oil for supercontinuum generation." Photonics Letters of Poland 13, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v13i1.1055.
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This paper proposes a pure silica photonic crystal fiber (PCF), having its core infiltrated with olive oil, which allows achieving an ultra-flattened normal dispersion regime. As a result, the optimization processes allows us to achieve an ultra-flat normal dispersion in the range of over 682 nm within the wavelength range from 1446 to 2128 nm. Besides, the nonlinear coefficient of the selected PCF structure is extremely high (9.54 x 109 W-1.km-1 at 1550 nm). The proposed PCF structure could be very helpful in investigating the supercontinuum generation which has many potential applications in various promising areas such as spectroscopy, medical diagnostics, etc. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ.M.Dudley, G.Genty and S.Coen, "Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber", Rev. Mod. Phys. 78(2006). CrossRef T.Udem, R.Holzwarth and T.W.Hänsch, "Optical frequency metrology", Nature 416 233-7(2002). CrossRef S.Moon and D.Y.Kim, "Ultra-high-speed optical coherence tomography with a stretched pulse supercontinuum source", Opt. Express 14 11575-84 (2006). CrossRef G.P.Agrawal. "Chapter 11 - Highly Nonlinear Fibers", Nonlinear Fiber Optics (Oxford: Academic Press 2013) CrossRef V.R.K. Kumar, A.K. George, J.C. Knight, P.S.J. Russell, "Tellurite photonic crystal fiber", Opt. Exp. 11 2641-2645 (2003). CrossRef R. Buczynski, H. T. Bookey, D. Pysz, R. Stepien, I. Kujawa, J. E. McCarthy, A. J. Waddie, A. K. Kar and M. R. Taghizadeh, "Supercontinuum generation up to 2.5 μm in photonic crystal fiber made of lead-bismuth-galate glass", Laser Phys. Lett.7 666-72 (2010). CrossRef F.G.Omenetto, N.A.Wolchover, M.R. Wehner, M. Ross, A. Efimov, A.J. Taylor, V.V.R.K. Kumar, A.K. George, J.C. Knight, N.Y. Joly, P.St.J. Russell, "Spectrally smooth supercontinuum from 350 nm to 3 µm in sub-centimeter lengths of soft-glass photonic crystal fibers.", Opt. Express 14 4928-4934 (2010). CrossRef H. L.Van, V. C. Long, H. T. Nguyen, A. M. Nguyen, R. Buczyński, R. Kasztelanic, "Application of ethanol infiltration for ultra-flattened normal dispersion in fused silica photonic crystal fibers", Laser Physics, 28 115106 (2018). CrossRef J. Pniewski, T. Stefaniuk, H. L. Van, V. C. Long, L. C. Van, R. Kasztelanic, G. Stępniewski, A. Ramaniuk, M. Trippenbach, and R. Buczynski, "Dispersion engineering in nonlinear soft glass photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with liquids", Appl. Opt. 55, 5033-5040(2016). CrossRef H. D. Quang, J. Pniewski, H. L.Van, R. Aleksandr. V. C. Long, B. Krzysztof, D. X. Khoa, K. Mariusz, and R. Buczynski, "Optimization of optical properties of photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with carbon tetrachloride for supercontinuum generation with subnanojoule femtosecond pulses", Applied Optics, Vol. 57, No. 15, 1559-128X (2018). CrossRef M.Chemnitz,M.Gebhardt, C.Gaida, F.Stutzki, J.Kobelke, J.Limpert, A.Tünnermann and M.A. Schmidt, "Hybrid soliton dynamics in liquid-core fibres", Nat. Commun. 8 42 (2017). CrossRef S.Kedenburg, A.Steinmann, R.Hegenbarth, T.Steinle and H.Giessen, "Nonlinear refractive indices of nonlinear liquids: wavelength dependence and influence of retarded response", Appl. Phys. B 117 803-16 (2014). CrossRef E.Sani and A.Dell'Oro, "Spectral optical constants of ethanol and isopropanol from ultraviolet to far infrared", Opt. Mater. 60 137-41 (2016). CrossRef S.T. Wu, "Absorption measurements of liquid crystals in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared", J. Appl. Phys. 84 4462-4465 (1998). CrossRef Z. Mousavi, B. Ghafary, M.H. Majles Ara, "Fifth- and third- order nonlinear optical responses of olive oil blended with natural turmeric dye using z-scan technique", Journal of Molecular Liquids, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.077 CrossRef Web page: Refractive Index Info: https://refractiveindex.info. CrossRef I. Bodurov, I. Vlaeva, M. Marudova, T. Yovcheva, K. Nikolova, T. Eftimov, V. Plachkova, "Detection of adulteration in olive oils using optical and thermal methods", Bulgarian Chemical Communications, Volume 45, Special Issue B (pp. 81-85) (2013) DirectLink
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Moughli, H., Y. Mouloudi, and A. Merabti. "Study and modeling of photonic crystal fibers." Journal of Ovonic Research 18, no. 4 (June 2022): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2022.184.491.
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"Optical fiber is a light guide which today constitutes the preferred medium for the transport of information. But, in order to meet the increasing needs generated by the development of the Internet in particular, it was necessary to always improve the propagation characteristics in the fibers. A new generation of fibers has been designed with the aim of obtaining lower losses and better performance than classical fibers. This work presents a design of hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (PCF) geometry for analyzing different optical properties with respect to wavelength ranging. This geometry has been used for analyzing effective refractive index, dispersion, effective mode area, nonlinear coefficient and birefringence. Silica glass is chosen as background material and the cladding region is made of air hole layers. This work is based on the modeling and analysis of the propagation characteristics of waves in a photonic crystal fiber."
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Mägi, E. C., P. Steinvurzel, and B. J. Eggleton. "Tapered photonic crystal fibers." Optics Express 12, no. 5 (March 8, 2004): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.12.000776.
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Pfeiffenberger, Neal. "Sapphire photonic crystal fibers." Optical Engineering 49, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 090501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3483908.
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Soussi, Sofiane. "Modeling photonic crystal fibers." Advances in Applied Mathematics 36, no. 3 (March 2006): 288–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aam.2005.06.002.
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Xiao, Limin, T. A. Birks, and W. H. Loh. "Hydrophobic photonic crystal fibers." Optics Letters 36, no. 23 (November 30, 2011): 4662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.004662.
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Yang, Xuan, Chao Shi, Rebecca Newhouse, Jin Z. Zhang, and Claire Gu. "Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Probes." International Journal of Optics 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/754610.
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Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) have become increasingly attractive in chemical and biological detections due to the molecular specificity, high sensitivity, and flexibility. In this paper, we review the development of PCF SERS sensors with emphasis on our recent work on SERS sensors utilizing hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HCPCFs). Specifically, we discuss and compare various HCPCF SERS sensors, including the liquid-filled HCPCF and liquid-core photonic crystal fibers (LCPCFs). We experimentally demonstrate and theoretically analyze the high sensitivity of the HCPCF SERS sensors. Various molecules including Rhodamine B, Rhodamine 6G, human insulin, and tryptophan have been tested to show the excellent performance of these fiber sensors.
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Xing, Sida, Svyatoslav Kharitonov, Jianqi Hu, and Camille-Sophie Brès. "Fiber fuse in chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers." Optics Letters 43, no. 7 (March 19, 2018): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.001443.
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Knight, J. C. "Photonic crystal fibers and fiber lasers (Invited)." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 24, no. 8 (July 19, 2007): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.24.001661.
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Islam, Mohammad Saiful, Anwar Sadath, Md Rakibul Islam, and Mohammad Faisal. "Comparative Analysis of Highly Sensitive PCF for Chemical Sensing in THz Regime." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i4.999.
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Nowadays photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is used for sensing purposes in different fields. In this work, we have proposed a PCF based chemical (Benzene and Ethanol) sensor. Finite Element Method (FEM) based software COMSOL 5.3a is used to investigate the numerical characteristics for the proposed structure. From the numerical analysis, we obtained high sensitivity with low losses for an optimum core diameter of 210 µm. Our proposed PCF works on a broad range of core diameters and THz frequency spectra. The fabrication of this model is very simple due to its simplistic design structure. Full Text: PDF ReferencesMd.F.H. Arif, Md.J.H. Biddut, "A new structure of photonic crystal fiber with high sensitivity, high nonlinearity, high birefringence and low confinement loss for liquid analyte sensing applications", Sensing Bio-Sensing Res. 12, 8 (2017). CrossRef P. Kumar, Md.H. Bikash, K. Ahmed, S. Sen, "A Novel Hexahedron Photonic Crystal Fiber in Terahertz Propagation: Design and Analysis", Photonics 6(1), 32 (2019). CrossRef S. Asaduzzaman, K. Ahmed, T. Bhuiyan, T. Farah, "Hybrid photonic crystal fiber in chemical sensing", SpringerPlus 5, 748 (2016). CrossRef Md.S. Islam, J. Sultana, J. Atai, D. Abbott, S. Rana, M.R. Islam, "Ultra low-loss hybrid core porous fiber for broadband applications", App. Opt. 56(4), 1232 (2017). CrossRef S. Atakaramians, S. Afshar, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, M. Nagel, B.M. Fischer, D. Abbott, T.M. Monro, "THz porous fibers: design, fabrication and experimental characterization", Opt. Expr. 17(16), 14053 (2009). CrossRef
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Yu, Xinyi, Bing Wen, Yangbao Deng, Chunhui Gao, Jiamou Wei, Saiwen Zhang, and Qiuxiang Zhu. "Supercontinuum Generation from Airy-Gaussian Pulses in Photonic Crystal Fiber with Three Zero-Dispersion Points." Photonics 10, no. 9 (September 20, 2023): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10091061.
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The supercontinuum generation and manipulation of Airy-Gaussian pulses in a photonic crystal fiber with three zero-dispersion points are studied using the split-step Fourier method. Firstly, the spectral evolution of Airy-Gaussian pulses in four photonic crystal fibers with different barrier widths was discussed, and the optimal fiber was determined after considering the factors of width and flatness. By analyzing the mechanism of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers with single, double and three zero-dispersion points, it is found that the photonic crystal fiber with three zero-dispersion points have a larger spectral width due to the component of tunneling solitons. Then, the effects of four characteristic parameters (truncation factor a, distribution factor χ0, initial chirp C and central wavelength λ) on forming the supercontinuum spectrum of Airy-Gaussian pulses are analyzed in detail. The results show that the spectral width and energy intensity of the dispersive wave and tunneling soliton generation can be well controlled by adjusting the barrier width and initial parameters of the pulse. These research results provide a theoretical basis for generating and manipulating high-power mid-infrared supercontinuum sources.
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Zhiquan Li, Zhiquan Li, Meng Liu Meng Liu, Rui Hao Rui Hao, Kai Tong Kai Tong, and Zhibin Wang Zhibin Wang. "Supermode analysis of seven-core photonic quasi-crystal fibers." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 8 (2013): 080606–80609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.080606.
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Carvalho, J. P., F. Magalhães, O. Frazão, J. L. Santos, F. M. Araújo, and L. A. Ferreira. "Splicing and Coupling Losses in Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Glass Fibers." Solid State Phenomena 161 (June 2010): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.161.43.
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Hollow-core photonic crystal glass fibers have a high potential for gas sensing applications, since large light-gas interaction lengths can be effectively attained. Nevertheless, in order to enhance effective diffusion of gas into the hollow-core fiber, multi-coupling gaps are often needed, which raise coupling loss issues that must be evaluated prior to the development of practical systems. In this paper, a study on the coupling losses dependence on lateral and axial gap misalignment for single-mode fiber and two different types of hollow-core photonic crystal glass fibers is carried out. In addition, an experimental technique on splicing these glass fibers is also described and some results are presented showing that low splice losses can be obtained with high reproducibility.
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Salim Jasim Al-Taie, Mohammed. "Optical Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibers with Fluid Cores." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 27, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53539/squjs.vol27iss2pp119-124.
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The objective of this research is to compare pulses travelling through different photonic crystal fiber cores (DPCFC) using both finite element method (FEM) /split step Fourier method (SSFM). A unique DCPCF design with exceptionally high non-linearity has been introduced to achieve ultra-high pulse amplitude. Via a generalized non-linear equation, we evaluate the refractive index ratio and dispersion, for each type which is used, as well as output amplitude for different cores in different photonic crystal fiber core by utilizing the solution for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). Lastly, the findings are compared to different photonic crystal fiber design parameters. This paper provides a photonic crystal fiber design consisting of multiple liquid cores and theoretically solved non-linear equations. It was discovered in this design that the refractive index of propylene glycol (C3H8O2) is greater than ethylene glycol’s (C2H6O2), and that both are far greater than silica's refractive index (SiO2). Propylene (C3H8O2) has a lower dispersion than ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) and silica (SiO2). The output amplitudes of (C3H8O2) and (C2H6O2) were then shown to be substantially bigger than the output amplitudes of (SiO2) with respect to distance and time. This emphasizes the need for using certain liquids as cores in holey fibers, dependent upon their use.
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HE Zhong-jiao, 何忠蛟. "Rectangular-hole Photonic Crystal Fibers." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 40, no. 4 (2011): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20114004.0583.
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Koshiba, Masanori. "Modeling of Photonic Crystal Fibers." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 124, no. 12 (2004): 1088–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms.124.1088.
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Ortigosa-Blanch, A., J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, J. Arriaga, B. J. Mangan, T. A. Birks, and P. St J. Russell. "Highly birefringent photonic crystal fibers." Optics Letters 25, no. 18 (September 15, 2000): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.25.001325.
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Steel, M. J., and R. M. Osgood. "Elliptical-hole photonic crystal fibers." Optics Letters 26, no. 4 (February 15, 2001): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.26.000229.
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Ortigosa-Blanch, A., J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, J. Arriaga, B. J. Mangan, T. A. Birks, and P. St J. Russell. "Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fibers." Optics and Photonics News 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.12.12.000017.
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Jin, Wei, Zhi Wang, and Jian Ju. "Two-mode photonic crystal fibers." Optics Express 13, no. 6 (2005): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.13.002082.
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Altaie, Mohammed. "The Refractive Index Of Photonic Crystal Fibers As A Function Of Some Parameters And Temperature." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science 27, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2022.27.2.1473.
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Photonic crystal fibers in the late period occupied a wide range of studies and research because of the ease of dealing with them in terms of design and installation, as there is a group of parameters used in them that can affect the refractive index of the pulse propagation through it, including the diameter of the air holes, the distance between the air holes and their number, as this study showed in addition to the aforementioned parameters The effect of temperature on the refractive index was also studied. It has been observed that with an increase in the diameter of the air holes, the refractive index increases and, conversely, the increase in the distance between them leads to a decrease in the refractive index. As for the number of air holes, it has no clear effect. As for the temperature, which is proportional to the frequency and intensity, this increase in temperature leads to an increase in the refractive index of the pulse passing through the photonic crystal fiber. Changing the temperature of the photonic crystal fiber is an interesting for dynamics fine refractive index tuning in active refractive index shift compensation system. this paper present a numerical analysis on the effect of photonic crystal fiber temperature on refractive index and modal features. the research depend on regular hexagonal crystal lattice fibers with specific geometric parameters using finite element method.