Journal articles: 'Photone'

1

Zharkova, Galina, Valentina Kovrizhina, and Aleksandr Petrov. "EFFECT OF THE PHOTONE CRYSTALS ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE PRESSURE-SENSITIVE LUMINOPHOR." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 47 (2016): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2016.47.07.

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Uppu, Ravitej, Freja T. Pedersen, Ying Wang, Cecilie T. Olesen, Camille Papon, Xiaoyan Zhou, Leonardo Midolo, et al. "Scalable integrated single-photon source." Science Advances 6, no. 50 (December 2020): eabc8268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc8268.

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Photonic qubits are key enablers for quantum information processing deployable across a distributed quantum network. An on-demand and truly scalable source of indistinguishable single photons is the essential component enabling high-fidelity photonic quantum operations. A main challenge is to overcome noise and decoherence processes to reach the steep benchmarks on generation efficiency and photon indistinguishability required for scaling up the source. We report on the realization of a deterministic single-photon source featuring near-unity indistinguishability using a quantum dot in an “on-chip” planar nanophotonic waveguide circuit. The device produces long strings of >100 single photons without any observable decrease in the mutual indistinguishability between photons. A total generation rate of 122 million photons per second is achieved, corresponding to an on-chip source efficiency of 84%. These specifications of the single-photon source are benchmarked for boson sampling and found to enable scaling into the regime of quantum advantage.

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Chen, Wenlan, Kristin M. Beck, Robert Bücker, Michael Gullans, Mikhail D. Lukin, Haruka Tanji-Suzuki, and Vladan Vuletić. "All-Optical Switch and Transistor Gated by One Stored Photon." Science 341, no. 6147 (July 4, 2013): 768–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1238169.

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The realization of an all-optical transistor, in which one “gate” photon controls a “source” light beam, is a long-standing goal in optics. By stopping a light pulse in an atomic ensemble contained inside an optical resonator, we realized a device in which one stored gate photon controls the resonator transmission of subsequently applied source photons. A weak gate pulse induces bimodal transmission distribution, corresponding to zero and one gate photons. One stored gate photon produces fivefold source attenuation and can be retrieved from the atomic ensemble after switching more than one source photon. Without retrieval, one stored gate photon can switch several hundred source photons. With improved storage and retrieval efficiency, our work may enable various new applications, including photonic quantum gates and deterministic multiphoton entanglement.

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Konoike, Ryotaro, Haruyuki Nakagawa, Masahiro Nakadai, Takashi Asano, Yoshinori Tanaka, and Susumu Noda. "On-demand transfer of trapped photons on a chip." Science Advances 2, no. 5 (May 2016): e1501690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501690.

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Photonic crystal nanocavities, which have modal volumes of the order of a cubic wavelength in the material, are of great interest as flexible platforms for manipulating photons. Recent developments in ultra-high quality factor nanocavities with long photon lifetimes have encouraged us to develop an ultra-compact and flexible photon manipulation technology where photons are trapped in networks of such nanocavities. The most fundamental requirement is the on-demand transfer of photons to and from the trapped states of arbitrary nanocavities. We experimentally demonstrate photon transfer between two nearly resonant nanocavities at arbitrary positions on a chip, triggered by the irradiation of a third nonresonant nanocavity using an optical control pulse. We obtain a high transfer efficiency of ~90% with a photon lifetime of ~200 ps.

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Solntsev, A. S., F. Setzpfandt, A. S. Clark, C. W. Wu, M. J. Collins, C. Xiong, A. Schreiber, et al. "Quantum Walks of Photons on a Nonlinear Chip." Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 04, no. 01 (October 23, 2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x1500020x.

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Quantum entanglement underpins the realization of quantum simulators and computers, which can be used for unbreakable cryptography and powerful computational algorithms. Entangled photons are an ideal medium for creating and manipulating quantum states due to the low noise and ease of transmission. A qubit encoded into a photon can be easily sent between different photonic elements along an optical fiber, in analogy with the transmission of classical bits along electrical wires. Furthermore, logic operations can be performed on entangled photons by exploiting the nonlinearity inherent to quantum measurements [1]. The practical implementation of complex applications requires the minimization of coupling losses, as well as stable quantum interference. Low losses and interferometric stability allow strong entanglement between output photons. One of the biggest milestones in achieving these requirements is the integration of photon sources together with optical circuits on the same photonic chip.

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Saleh, Gh, M. J. Faraji, R. Alizadeh, and A. Dalili. "A New Explanation for the Color Variety of Photons." MATEC Web of Conferences 186 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818601003.

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This new explanation is based on Wave-Particle Duality and Newtonian Laws and represents a unique definition of a three-dimensional motion for the photon, whose dual behavior is partly explained by the double-slit experiment of Thomas Young, who represents the photon's motion as a wave, and by the Photoelectric effect, in which the photon is considered as a particle. However, for scientists, the photon's true motion is unclear. In this article, we define a new type of motion for photons to solve both this ambiguity and the difficulty of presenting a three-dimensional trajectory for the photon's motion, and present a new formula to calculate its energy. In addition, because we believe in the helical motion of photons, where r is the gyroradius, we believe that their color is an effect of the order of magnitude of r. We present real examples that prove our energy formula.

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Xiong, Chunle, Bryn Bell, and Benjamin J. Eggleton. "CMOS-compatible photonic devices for single-photon generation." Nanophotonics 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0022.

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AbstractSources of single photons are one of the key building blocks for quantum photonic technologies such as quantum secure communication and powerful quantum computing. To bring the proof-of-principle demonstration of these technologies from the laboratory to the real world, complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible photonic chips are highly desirable for photon generation, manipulation, processing and even detection because of their compactness, scalability, robustness, and the potential for integration with electronics. In this paper, we review the development of photonic devices made from materials (e.g., silicon) and processes that are compatible with CMOS fabrication facilities for the generation of single photons.

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Chumak, O., and N. Sushkova. "Operator of Photon Density in the Phase Space." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 57, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe57.1.30.

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The possibility to describe the evolution of an electromagnetic field by means of the photon distribution function in the phase space (r, q-space) is studied. This function defined by analogy with the coarse-grained Mandel operator of photon density in the configuration space is used to characterize the local density of photons with a given momentum. Approximate eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the distribution function, corresponding to one-photon localized states of the electromagnetic field, are obtained. It is shown that the photon transport is governed by the Newton mechanics if the "external force" acting on photons is a slowly varying function of spatial variables. It is shown that the distribution function at any time can be expressed via the initialdistribution and photon's trajectories.

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Khumalo, Bhekuzulu. "What is Heat; The Photon is Heat." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 15 (January 12, 2019): 6018–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v15i0.7896.

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All photons will burn you. How do we describe photons as having different amounts of energy? This paper illustrates photons do not have different amounts of energies, rather different types of energy. The experiment of 1800 provides enough data to be analyzed because it has that third point to question the idea that photons carry different amounts of energy. This paper argues that all photons have equal amounts of energy just different types of energy. The composition of the energy within a photon depends on the frequency of a photon, a lower frequency photon like those represented by infrared can boil water faster than higher frequency blue light. A higher frequency photon like a gamma particle is stopped by lead. Given the nature that heat is from photons we can start thinking of sophisticated thermometers that give us the quality of heat not just the quantity of heat. It is the atmosphere that gives more evidence around the nature of photons, we can understand the cycle of the photon/ photonic cycle/ electromagnetic cycle, allowing us to ponder on deep philosophical meanings, intelligent life is there for universe to sustain itself, as well as ask the question why we are not burning given the nature of low frequency electromagnetic radiation. And for those vigorously looking for habitable planets out there, the idea of the circumstellar habitable zone must change to accommodate the proper understanding of heat.

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Aloafi, Tahani A., Azhari A. Elhag, Taghreed M. Jawa, Neveen Sayed-Ahmed, Fatimah S. Bayones, Jamel Bouslimi, and Marin Marin. "Predication and Photon Statistics of a Three-Level System in the Photon Added Negative Binomial Distribution." Symmetry 14, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14020284.

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Statistical and artificial neural network models are applied to forecast the quantum scheme of a three-level atomic system (3LAS) and field, initially following a photon added negative binomial distribution (PANBD). The Mandel parameter is used to detect the photon statistics of a radiation field. Explicit forms of the PANBD are given. The prediction of the Mandel parameter, atomic probability of the 3LAS in the upper state, and von Neumann entropy are obtained using time series and artificial neural network methods. The influence of probability success photons and the number of added photons to the NBD are examined. The total density matrix is used to compute and analyze the time evolution of the initial photonic negative binomial probability distribution that governs the 3LAS–field photon entanglement behavior. It is shown that the statistical quantities are strongly affected by probability success photons and the number of added photons to the NBD. Also, the prediction of quantum entropy is achieved by the time series and neural network.

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11

Bennett, Anthony J., James P. Lee, David J. P. Ellis, Thomas Meany, Eoin Murray, Frederik F. Floether, Jonathan P. Griffths, Ian Farrer, David A. Ritchie, and Andrew J. Shields. "Cavity-enhanced coherent light scattering from a quantum dot." Science Advances 2, no. 4 (April 2016): e1501256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501256.

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The generation of coherent and indistinguishable single photons is a critical step for photonic quantum technologies in information processing and metrology. A promising system is the resonant optical excitation of solid-state emitters embedded in wavelength-scale three-dimensional cavities. However, the challenge here is to reject the unwanted excitation to a level below the quantum signal. We demonstrate this using coherent photon scattering from a quantum dot in a micropillar. The cavity is shown to enhance the fraction of light that is resonantly scattered toward unity, generating antibunched indistinguishable photons that are 16 times narrower than the time-bandwidth limit, even when the transition is near saturation. Finally, deterministic excitation is used to create two-photon N00N states with which we make superresolving phase measurements in a photonic circuit.

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Adcock, Jeremy C., Davide Bacco, and Yunhong Ding. "Enhancement of a silicon waveguide single photon source by temporal multiplexing." Quantum Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (March 17, 2022): 025025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac57f2.

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Abstract Efficient generation of single photons is one of the key challenges of building photonic quantum technology, such as quantum computers and long-distance quantum networks. Photon source multiplexing—where successful pair generation is heralded by the detection of one of the photons, and its partner is routed to a single mode output—has long been known to offer a concrete solution, with output probability tending toward unity as loss is reduced. Here, we present a temporally multiplexed integrated single photon source based on a silicon waveguide and a low-loss fibre switch and loop architecture, which achieves enhancement of the single photon output probability of 4.5 ± 0.5, while retaining g (2)(0) = 0.01.

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Dodel, A., A. Mayinda, E. Oudot, A. Martin, P. Sekatski, J. D. Bancal, and N. Sangouard. "Proposal for witnessing non-classical light with the human eye." Quantum 1 (April 25, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2017-04-25-7.

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We give a complete proposal showing how to detect the non-classical nature of photonic states with naked eyes as detectors. The enabling technology is a sub-Poissonian photonic state that is obtained from single photons, displacement operations in phase space and basic non-photon-number-resolving detectors. We present a detailed statistical analysis of our proposal including imperfect photon creation and detection and a realistic model of the human eye. We conclude that a few tens of hours are sufficient to certify non-classical light with the human eye with a p-value of 10%.

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14

Sun, Shu Feng. "Fabrication Technology of Involute Micro Gear Based on Two-Photon of Femtosecond Laser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.670.

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Microfabrication is a kind of critical technology for the development of Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). The frequently-used microfabrication technologies are electric discharge machining, photoetching, LIGA and laser fabrication, et al. Micro structures may be fabricated by these technologies. The polymerization principle of two-photon of femtosecond laser is different from that of single-photon. Photoinitiator of photosensing material absorbs two photons simultaneously to accomplish energy level transition and to induce the material to occur photochemical reaction. For the material absorbing two photons, the energy of each photon is equivalent to half of the energy that needed by the material transiting from ground state to excited state. It is also equal to half of the energy needed by the material occurring single-photon absorption. Therefore, the photonic frequency of two-photon excitation light source is half of the single-photon light source. According to two-photon fabrication principle, machining system of two-photon of femtosecond laser is set up. Which includes light path transmission equipment, three dimensional micro displacement scanning stage and control software, et al. Involute micro gear is fabricated by two-photon of femtosecond laser generated by the system.

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15

Brodet, Eyal. "The Relationship Between the Possibility of a Hidden Variable in Time, Possible Photon Mass, Particle's Energy, Momentum and Special Relativity." Applied Physics Research 8, no. 6 (November 17, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v8n6p13.

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In this paper we will discuss the relationship between a possible hidden variable in time, f_r, and possible photon mass, particle energy, momentum and special relativity. One of the implications of the possibility of a hidden variable in time that may explains the origin of unstable particle decay time distributions, is the possible existence of f_r for stable particle such as photons. It will be discussed, that f_r may be linked to the photons spin and wave function, which may lead to the conclusion that the photon has a rest mass. More specifically, it will be argued that in order to explain the photon's large energy range, the photon may have a set of masses. Following the above, a correction to the energy and momentum's expressions given by special relativity will be presented. Possible experimental ways to test the above will be discussed.

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Sun, Shuo, Hyochul Kim, Zhouchen Luo, Glenn S. Solomon, and Edo Waks. "A single-photon switch and transistor enabled by a solid-state quantum memory." Science 361, no. 6397 (July 5, 2018): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat3581.

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Single-photon switches and transistors generate strong photon-photon interactions that are essential for quantum circuits and networks. However, the deterministic control of an optical signal with a single photon requires strong interactions with a quantum memory, which has been challenging to achieve in a solid-state platform. We demonstrate a single-photon switch and transistor enabled by a solid-state quantum memory. Our device consists of a semiconductor spin qubit strongly coupled to a nanophotonic cavity. The spin qubit enables a single 63-picosecond gate photon to switch a signal field containing up to an average of 27.7 photons before the internal state of the device resets. Our results show that semiconductor nanophotonic devices can produce strong and controlled photon-photon interactions that could enable high-bandwidth photonic quantum information processing.

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Zhou, Yu, Tao Peng, Hui Chen, Jianbin Liu, and Yanhua Shih. "Towards Non-Degenerate Quantum Lithography." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 3, 2018): 1292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081292.

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The photonic de Broglie wavelength of a non-degenerate entangled photon pair is measured by using a Young’s double slit interferometer, which proves that the non-degenerate entangled photon pairs have the potential to be used in quantum lithography. Experimental results show that the de Broglie wavelength of non-degenerate biphotons is well defined and its wavelength is neither the wavelength of the signal photon, nor the wavelength of the idler photon. According to the de Broglie equation, its wavelength corresponds to the momentum of the biphoton, which equals the sum of the momenta of signal and idler photons. The non-degenerate ghost interference/diffraction is also observed in these experiments.

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Beck, Kristin M., Mahdi Hosseini, Yiheng Duan, and Vladan Vuletić. "Large conditional single-photon cross-phase modulation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 35 (August 12, 2016): 9740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524117113.

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Deterministic optical quantum logic requires a nonlinear quantum process that alters the phase of a quantum optical state by π through interaction with only one photon. Here, we demonstrate a large conditional cross-phase modulation between a signal field, stored inside an atomic quantum memory, and a control photon that traverses a high-finesse optical cavity containing the atomic memory. This approach avoids fundamental limitations associated with multimode effects for traveling optical photons. We measure a conditional cross-phase shift of π/6 (and up to π/3 by postselection on photons that remain in the system longer than average) between the retrieved signal and control photons, and confirm deterministic entanglement between the signal and control modes by extracting a positive concurrence. By upgrading to a state-of-the-art cavity, our system can reach a coherent phase shift of π at low loss, enabling deterministic and universal photonic quantum logic.

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Stav, Tomer, Arkady Faerman, Elhanan Maguid, Dikla Oren, Vladimir Kleiner, Erez Hasman, and Mordechai Segev. "Quantum entanglement of the spin and orbital angular momentum of photons using metamaterials." Science 361, no. 6407 (September 13, 2018): 1101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat9042.

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Metamaterials constructed from deep subwavelength building blocks have been used to demonstrate phenomena ranging from negative refractive index and ε-near-zero to cloaking, emulations of general relativity, and superresolution imaging. More recently, metamaterials have been suggested as a new platform for quantum optics. We present the use of a dielectric metasurface to generate entanglement between the spin and orbital angular momentum of photons. We demonstrate the generation of the four Bell states on a single photon by using the geometric phase that arises from the photonic spin-orbit interaction and subsequently show nonlocal correlations between two photons that interacted with the metasurface. Our results show that metamaterials are suitable for the generation and manipulation of entangled photon states, introducing the area of quantum optics metamaterials.

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Bell, Thomas J., Jacob F. F. Bulmer, Alex E. Jones, Stefano Paesani, Dara P. S. McCutcheon, and Anthony Laing. "Protocol for generation of high-dimensional entanglement from an array of non-interacting photon emitters." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac475d.

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Abstract Encoding high-dimensional quantum information into single photons can provide a variety of benefits for quantum technologies, such as improved noise resilience. However, the efficient generation of on-demand, high-dimensional entanglement was thought to be out of reach for current and near-future photonic quantum technologies. We present a protocol for the near-deterministic generation of N-photon, d-dimensional photonic Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states using an array of d non-interacting single-photon emitters. We analyse the impact on performance of common sources of error for quantum emitters, such as photon spectral distinguishability and temporal mismatch, and find they are readily correctable with time-resolved detection to yield high fidelity GHZ states of multiple qudits. When applied to a quantum key distribution scenario, our protocol exhibits improved loss tolerance and key rates when increasing the dimensionality beyond binary encodings.

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Jiang, Ping, Na Ma, Peng Liu, Wenxuan Wu, and Kai Zhang. "An Easy-Implemented On-Chip Waveguide Coupled Single Photon Source Based on Self-Assembled Quantum Dots Membrane." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020695.

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In recent years, many groups and institutions have been committed to the research of integrated quantum photonic circuit technologies, of which the key components are waveguide coupled single photon sources. In this study, we propose an on-chip waveguide-coupled single photon source that is easily implemented as the waveguide is directly made from the quantum dot membrane. In order to scatter light out of the on-chip waveguide plane into the detection apparatus, grating output couplers are made at both ends of the waveguide. The photon statistics of the on-chip photon source were investigated by second-order correlation function g(2)(τ) measurements using a Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometer. From the spectra and cross-correlation experiments by collecting emission at the point of quantum dot and out coupler, the emitting of single photons from the same quantum dot and propagating via the waveguide to the out couplers was confirmed. These results show that we have achieved an on-chip single photon source that is easily implemented and easily integrated into quantum photonic circuits.

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Lodahl, Peter, and Søren Stobbe. "Solid-state quantum optics with quantum dots in photonic nanostructures." Nanophotonics 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2012-0039.

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AbstractQuantum nanophotonics has become a new research frontier where quantum optics is combined with nanophotonics in order to enhance and control the interaction between strongly confined light and quantum emitters. Such progress provides a promising pathway towards quantum-information processing on an all-solid-state platform. Here we review recent progress on experiments with quantum dots in nanophotonic structures with special emphasis on the dynamics of single-photon emission. Embedding the quantum dots in photonic band-gap structures offers a way of controlling spontaneous emission of single photons to a degree that is determined by the local light-matter coupling strength. Introducing defects in photonic crystals implies new functionalities. For instance, efficient and strongly confined cavities can be constructed enabling cavity-quantum-electrodynamics experiments. Furthermore, the speed of light can be tailored in a photonic-crystal waveguide forming the basis for highly efficient single-photon sources where the photons are channeled into the slowly propagating mode of the waveguide. Finally, we will discuss some of the surprises that arise in solid-state implementations of quantum-optics experiments in comparison to their atomic counterparts. In particular, it will be shown that the celebrated point-dipole description of light-matter interaction can break down when quantum dots are coupled to plasmon nanostructures.

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Hao, Shi. "Study on the Eﬀect of Material Absorption of Photonic Crystals on Transverse Magnetic Wave Band." Materials Physics and Chemistry 1, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/mpc.v1i1.562.

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<p align="justify">Photonic crystals are a major discovery in physics and have an important inﬂuence on our present life. The biggest feature of the photonic crystals is that they have bandgap which can block photons of a certain frequency, thus affecting the photon movement. This effect resembles the inﬂuence of the semiconductor body on electrons. Therefore, research and discovery of the photonic crystal have a broad prospect and people have large expectation on the photonic crystal. The emergence of photonic crystals makes it possible for the miniaturization and integration of some aspects of information technology. Their structure studies enable us to determines their characteristics, thus the discovery of the photonic crystal structure and function will lay the foundation for the study of its application. In this paper, the study focuses on the research of material absorption of photonic crystal on Transverse Magnetic (TM) wave band. Firstly, the basic knowledge and principle of photonic crystal are introduced. Then, the research is carried out to study the effect of characteristic matrix method on photon crystal TM energy wave. </p><p align="justify"> </p>

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Rosas-Ortiz, Oscar, and Kevin Zelaya. "Theory of Photon Subtraction for Two-Mode Entangled Light Beams." Quantum Reports 3, no. 3 (September 3, 2021): 500–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum3030033.

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Photon subtraction is useful to produce nonclassical states of light addressed to applications in photonic quantum technologies. After a very accelerated development, this technique makes possible obtaining either single photons or optical cats on demand. However, it lacks theoretical formulation enabling precise predictions for the produced fields. Based on the representation generated by the two-mode SU(2) coherent states, we introduce a model of entangled light beams leading to the subtraction of photons in one of the modes, conditioned to the detection of any photon in the other mode. We show that photon subtraction does not produce nonclassical fields from classical fields. It is also derived a compact expression for the output field from which the calculation of conditional probabilities is straightforward for any input state. Examples include the analysis of squeezed-vacuum and odd-squeezed states. We also show that injecting optical cats into a beam splitter gives rise to entangled states in the Bell representation.

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Kannan, B., D. L. Campbell, F. Vasconcelos, R. Winik, D. K. Kim, M. Kjaergaard, P. Krantz, et al. "Generating spatially entangled itinerant photons with waveguide quantum electrodynamics." Science Advances 6, no. 41 (October 2020): eabb8780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb8780.

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Realizing a fully connected network of quantum processors requires the ability to distribute quantum entanglement. For distant processing nodes, this can be achieved by generating, routing, and capturing spatially entangled itinerant photons. In this work, we demonstrate the deterministic generation of such photons using superconducting transmon qubits that are directly coupled to a waveguide. In particular, we generate two-photon N00N states and show that the state and spatial entanglement of the emitted photons are tunable via the qubit frequencies. Using quadrature amplitude detection, we reconstruct the moments and correlations of the photonic modes and demonstrate state preparation fidelities of 84%. Our results provide a path toward realizing quantum communication and teleportation protocols using itinerant photons generated by quantum interference within a waveguide quantum electrodynamics architecture.

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Zhou, Xiaoyan, Peter Lodahl, and Leonardo Midolo. "In-plane resonant excitation of quantum dots in a dual-mode photonic-crystal waveguide with high β-factor." Quantum Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (March 17, 2022): 025023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac5918.

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Abstract A high-quality quantum dot (QD) single-photon source is a key resource for quantum information processing. Exciting a QD emitter resonantly can greatly suppress decoherence processes and lead to highly indistinguishable single-photon generation. It has, however, remained a challenge to implement strict resonant excitation in a stable and scalable way, without compromising any of the key specs of the source (efficiency, purity, and indistinguishability). In this work, we propose a novel dual-mode photonic-crystal waveguide that realizes direct in-plane resonant excitation of the embedded QDs. The device relies on a two-mode waveguide design, which allows exploiting one mode for excitation of the QD and the other mode for collecting the emitted single photons with high efficiency. By proper engineering of the photonic bandstructure, we propose a design with single-photon collection efficiency of β > 0.95 together with a single-photon impurity of ϵ < 5 × 10−3 over a broad spectral and spatial range. The device has a compact footprint of ∼ 50 μ m 2 and would enable stable and scalable excitation of multiple emitters for multi-photon quantum applications.

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Lombardi, Pietro, Maja Colautti, Rocco Duquennoy, Ghulam Murtaza, Prosenjit Majumder, and Costanza Toninelli. "Indistinguishable Photons from a Single Molecule under Pulsed Excitation." EPJ Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125506002.

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Quantum light sources are crucial for the future of quantum photonic technologies and, among them, single photons on-demand are key resources in quantum communications and information processing. Ideal quantum emitters providing indistinguishable photons in a clocked manner, negligible decoherence and spectral diffusion, and with potential for scalability are today still a major challenge. We report on photostable and indistinguishable single photon emission from dibenzoterrylene molecules isolated in anthracene nanocrystals (DBT:Ac NCs) at 3K. The visibility of two-photon interference is preserved even when they are separated more than thirty times the excited-state lifetime, or ten fluorescence cycles. One of the advantages of organic molecules is the low-cost mass production of nominally identical emitters, that also allow for on-chip integration. These aspects combined with high spectral stability and coherence make them promising for applications and future quantum technologies.

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Makino, Kenzo, Yosuke Hashimoto, Jun-ichi Yoshikawa, Hideaki Ohdan, Takeshi Toyama, Peter van Loock, and Akira Furusawa. "Synchronization of optical photons for quantum information processing." Science Advances 2, no. 5 (May 2016): e1501772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501772.

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A fundamental element of quantum information processing with photonic qubits is the nonclassical quantum interference between two photons when they bunch together via the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect. Ultimately, many such photons must be processed in complex interferometric networks. For this purpose, it is essential to synchronize the arrival times of the flying photons and to keep their purities high. On the basis of the recent experimental success of single-photon storage with high purity, we demonstrate for the first time the HOM interference of two heralded, nearly pure optical photons synchronized through two independent quantum memories. Controlled storage times of up to 1.8 μs for about 90 events per second were achieved with purities that were sufficiently high for a negative Wigner function confirmed with homodyne measurements.

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Neves, Leonardo, and Graciana Puentes. "Photonic Discrete-time Quantum Walks and Applications." Entropy 20, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20100731.

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We present a review of photonic implementations of discrete-time quantum walks (DTQW) in the spatial and temporal domains, based on spatial- and time-multiplexing techniques, respectively. Additionally, we propose a detailed novel scheme for photonic DTQW, using transverse spatial modes of single photons and programmable spatial light modulators (SLM) to manipulate them. Unlike all previous mode-multiplexed implementations, this scheme enables simulation of an arbitrary step of the walker, only limited, in principle, by the SLM resolution. We discuss current applications of such photonic DTQW architectures in quantum simulation of topological effects and the use of non-local coin operations based on two-photon hybrid entanglement.

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Sánchez-Burillo, Eduardo, Juanjo García-Ripoll, Luis Martín-Moreno, and David Zueco. "Nonlinear quantum optics in the (ultra)strong light–matter coupling." Faraday Discussions 178 (2015): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00206g.

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The propagation of N photons in one dimensional waveguides coupled to M qubits is discussed, both in the strong and ultrastrong qubit–waveguide coupling. Special emphasis is placed on the characterisation of the nonlinear response and its linear limit for the scattered photons as a function of N, M, qubit inter distance and light–matter coupling. The quantum evolution is numerically solved via the matrix product states technique. The time evolutions for both the field and qubits are computed. The nonlinear character (as a function of N/M) depends on the computed observable. While perfect reflection is obtained for N/M ≅ 1, photon–photon correlations are still resolved for ratios N/M = non-zero. Inter-qubit distance enhances the nonlinear response. Moving to the ultrastrong coupling regime, we observe that inelastic processes are robust against the number of qubits and that the qubit–qubit interaction mediated by the photons is qualitatively modified. The theory developed in this work models experiments in circuit QED, photonic crystals and dielectric waveguides.

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Raja, Waseem, Michele De Bastiani, Thomas G. Allen, Erkan Aydin, Arsalan Razzaq, Atteq ur Rehman, Esma Ugur, et al. "Photon recycling in perovskite solar cells and its impact on device design." Nanophotonics 10, no. 8 (June 1, 2020): 2023–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0067.

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Abstract Metal halide perovskites have emerged in recent years as promising photovoltaic materials due to their excellent optical and electrical properties, enabling perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) greater than 25%. Provided radiative recombination is the dominant recombination mechanism, photon recycling – the process of reabsorption (and re-emission) of photons that result from radiative recombination – can be utilized to further enhance the PCE toward the Shockley–Queisser (S-Q) theoretical limit. Geometrical optics can be exploited for the intentional trapping of such re-emitted photons within the device, to enhance the PCE. However, this scheme reaches its fundamental diffraction limits at the submicron scale. Therefore, introducing photonic nanostructures offer attractive solutions to manipulate and trap light at the nanoscale via light coupling into guided modes, as well as localized surface plasmon and surface plasmon polariton modes. This review focuses on light-trapping schemes for efficient photon recycling in PSCs. First, we summarize the working principles of photon recycling, which is followed by a review of essential requirements to make this process efficient. We then survey photon recycling in state-of-the-art PSCs and propose design strategies to invoke light-trapping to effectively exploit photon recycling in PSCs. Finally, we formulate a future outlook and discuss new research directions in the context of photon recycling.

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WEISBUCH, C., H. BENISTY, and R. HOUDRÉ. "MICROCAVITIES, PHOTONIC CRYSTALS AND SEMICONDUCTORS: FROM BASIC PHYSICS TO APPLICATIONS IN LIGHT EMITTERS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 10, no. 01 (March 2000): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156400000362.

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Photon confined systems in the form of microcavities and photonic crystals overcome the main stumbling block to high efficiency light emitters, i.e. the extraction of photons from high-index materials. On the more fundamental side, they lead to the modification of lifetime for sharp transitions (the Purcell effect), recently observed for quantum dots in micropillars, and to strong light-matter coupling for quantum wells embedded in planar microcavities.

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Wei, Xing, and Samuel Kesse. "Heterogeneously Integrated Photonic Chip on Lithium Niobate Thin-Film Waveguide." Crystals 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111376.

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Lithium niobate thin film represents as an ideal material substrate for quantum photonics due to its strong electro-optic effect and high-speed modulation capability. Here, we propose a novel platform which heterogeneously integrates single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots for a single-photon source on a lithium niobate photonic chip. The InAs/GaAs quantum dots can be transferred to the lithium niobate waveguide via a substrate transfer procedure with nanometer precision and be integrated through van der Waals force. A down-tapered structure is designed and optimized to deliver the photon flux generated from the InAs quantum dots embedded in a GaAs waveguide to the lithium niobate waveguide with an overall efficiency of 42%. In addition, the electro-optical effect is used to tune, and therefore to tune the beam splitting ratio of the integrated lithium niobate directional coupler, which can simultaneously route multiple photons to different spatial modes, and subsequently fan out through grating couplers to achieve single-photon sub-multiplexing. The proposed device opens up novel opportunities for achieving multifunctional hybrid integrated photonic chips.

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Kim, Ilhwan, Donghwa Lee, and Kwang Jo Lee. "Study of Type II SPDC in Lithium Niobate for High Spectral Purity Photon Pair Generation." Crystals 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040406.

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Recent advances of high-quality lithium niobate (LN) on insulator technology have revitalized the progress of novel chip-integrated LN-based photonic devices and accelerated application research. One of the promising technologies of interest is the generation of entangled photon pairs based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in LNs. In this paper, we investigated, theoretically and numerically, Type II SPDC in two kinds of LNs—undoped and 5-mol% MgO doped LNs. In each case, both non-poled and periodically poled crystals were considered. The technique is based on the SPDC under Type II extended phase matching, where the phase matching and the group velocity matching are simultaneously achieved between interacting photons. The proposed approach has not yet been reported for LNs. We discussed all factors required to generate photon pairs in LNs, in terms of the beam propagation direction, the spectral position of photons, and the corresponding effective nonlinearities and walk-offs. We showed that the spectral positions of the generated photon pairs fall into the mid-infrared region with high potential for free-space quantum communication, spectroscopy, and high-sensitivity metrology. The joint spectral analyses showed that photon pairs can be generated with high purities of 0.995–0.999 with proper pump filtering.

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Parel, Thomas S., and Tomas Markvart. "Controlling emission using one dimensional integrated photonic fluorescent collectors." MRS Advances 1, no. 59 (December 28, 2015): 3909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2015.39.

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ABSTRACTIt is known that photonic crystals can be used to suppress spontaneous emission. This property of photonic crystals has been investigated for suppressing and decreasing the propagation of photons within loss cones in fluorescent collectors. Fluorescent collectors can concentrate light onto solar cells by trapping fluorescence through total internal reflection. In an ideal fluorescent collector the major obstacle to efficient photon transport is the loss of photons through the top and bottom escape cones. One possible method to decrease this loss and improve the efficiency of these devices is to fabricate one-dimensional photonic crystals doped with fluorescent molecules. If these photonic crystals are tuned to exhibit a photonic band gap in the escape cone directions and at the emission frequencies of the fluorescent molecules, a suppression of the escape cone emission and an enhancement of the edge emission is expected. In this paper, we detail the fabrication of a one dimensional integrated photonic collector and show the suppression of the escape cone emission. This suppression of the escape cone will be shown to correspond to the photonic band gap and the modifications to the edge emission will be shown to correspond well with so called Fabry Perot modes. The control of emission inside fluorescent collectors opens up a number of additional possibilities for efficiency enhancements that will also be discussed.

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García-Patrón, Raúl, Jelmer J. Renema, and Valery Shchesnovich. "Simulating boson sampling in lossy architectures." Quantum 3 (August 5, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2019-08-05-169.

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Photon losses are among the strongest imperfections affecting multi-photon interference. Despite their importance, little is known about their effect on boson sampling experiments. In this work we show that using classical computers, one can efficiently simulate multi-photon interference in all architectures that suffer from an exponential decay of the transmission with the depth of the circuit, such as integrated photonic circuits or optical fibers. We prove that either the depth of the circuit is large enough that it can be simulated by thermal noise with an algorithm running in polynomial time, or it is shallow enough that a tensor network simulation runs in quasi-polynomial time. This result suggests that in order to implement a quantum advantage experiment with single-photons and linear optics new experimental platforms may be needed.

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SONG, BONG-SHIK, TAKASHI ASANO, and SUSUMU NODA. "RECENT ADVANCES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTALS SLAB STRUCTURE: DEFECT ENGINEERING AND HETEROSTRUCTURE." Nano 02, no. 01 (February 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292007000374.

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This paper presents a review on the selected highlights of highly-functional devices in two-dimensional photonic crystals slab structure. By introducing artificial defects in the photonic crystals (that is, defect engineering), novel photonic devices of line-defect waveguides and point-defect nanocavity are demonstrated. For more efficient manipulation of photons, the fundamentals of heterostructure photonic crystals are also reviewed. Heterostructures consist of multiple photonic crystals with different lattice-constants and they provide further high-functionalities such as multiple wavelength operation while maintaining optimized performance and the enhancement of photon manipulation efficiency. Because of the importance of high quality (Q) nanocavity for realization of nanophotonic devices, we also review the design rule of high Q nanocavities and present recent experiments on nanocavities with Q factors in excess of one million (~ 1.2 × 106). The progress of defect engineering and heterostructure in two-dimensional photonic crystals slab structure will accelerate development in ultrasmall photonic chips, cavity quantum electrodynamics, optical sensors, etc.

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Bentivegna, Marco, Nicolò Spagnolo, Chiara Vitelli, Fulvio Flamini, Niko Viggianiello, Ludovico Latmiral, Paolo Mataloni, et al. "Experimental scattershot boson sampling." Science Advances 1, no. 3 (April 2015): e1400255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400255.

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Boson sampling is a computational task strongly believed to be hard for classical computers, but efficiently solvable by orchestrated bosonic interference in a specialized quantum computer. Current experimental schemes, however, are still insufficient for a convincing demonstration of the advantage of quantum over classical computation. A new variation of this task, scattershot boson sampling, leads to an exponential increase in speed of the quantum device, using a larger number of photon sources based on parametric down-conversion. This is achieved by having multiple heralded single photons being sent, shot by shot, into different random input ports of the interferometer. We report the first scattershot boson sampling experiments, where six different photon-pair sources are coupled to integrated photonic circuits. We use recently proposed statistical tools to analyze our experimental data, providing strong evidence that our photonic quantum simulator works as expected. This approach represents an important leap toward a convincing experimental demonstration of the quantum computational supremacy.

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OU, Z. Y. "MULTI-PHOTON INTERFERENCE AND TEMPORAL DISTINGUISHABILITY OF PHOTONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 30 (December 10, 2007): 5033–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207038186.

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A number of recent interference experiments involving multiple photons are reviewed. These experiments include generalized photon bunching effects, generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel interference effects and multi-photon interferometry for demonstrations of multi-photon de Broglie wavelength. The multi-photon states used in these experiments are from two pairs of photons in parametric down-conversion. We find that the size of the interference effect in these experiments, characterized by the visibility of the interference pattern, is governed by the degree of distinguishability among different pairs of photons. Based on this discovery, we generalize the concept of multi-photon temporal distinguishability and relate it to a number of multi-photon interference effects. Finally, we make an attempt to interpret the coherence theory by multi-photon interference via the concept of temporal distinguishability of photons.

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He, Li, Huan Li, and Mo Li. "Optomechanical measurement of photon spin angular momentum and optical torque in integrated photonic devices." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (September 2016): e1600485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600485.

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Photons carry linear momentum and spin angular momentum when circularly or elliptically polarized. During light-matter interaction, transfer of linear momentum leads to optical forces, whereas transfer of angular momentum induces optical torque. Optical forces including radiation pressure and gradient forces have long been used in optical tweezers and laser cooling. In nanophotonic devices, optical forces can be significantly enhanced, leading to unprecedented optomechanical effects in both classical and quantum regimes. In contrast, to date, the angular momentum of light and the optical torque effect have only been used in optical tweezers but remain unexplored in integrated photonics. We demonstrate the measurement of the spin angular momentum of photons propagating in a birefringent waveguide and the use of optical torque to actuate rotational motion of an optomechanical device. We show that the sign and magnitude of the optical torque are determined by the photon polarization states that are synthesized on the chip. Our study reveals the mechanical effect of photon’s polarization degree of freedom and demonstrates its control in integrated photonic devices. Exploiting optical torque and optomechanical interaction with photon angular momentum can lead to torsional cavity optomechanics and optomechanical photon spin-orbit coupling, as well as applications such as optomechanical gyroscopes and torsional magnetometry.

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SCHMID, CH, N. KIESEL, U. WEBER, R. URSIN, and H. WEINFURTER. "EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE LINEAR OPTICS PHASE GATE." International Journal of Quantum Information 05, no. 01n02 (February 2007): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749907002682.

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Linear optics two-qubit logic gates are essential tools in photonic quantum information. We describe a recently introduced simple conditional phase gate for photons, which relies on only one second order interference at a polarization dependent beam splitter, thereby making additional stability precautions dispensable. The improved quality of the gate is evaluated by performing full process tomography. The obtained process tomography data is fitted by a model based on experimental parameters of the setup which allows predictions on the performance of the gate in multi-photon experiments. .

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Siverns, J. D., J. Hannegan, and Q. Quraishi. "Demonstration of slow light in rubidium vapor using single photons from a trapped ion." Science Advances 5, no. 10 (October 2019): eaav4651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav4651.

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Practical implementation of quantum networks is likely to interface different types of quantum systems. Photonically linked hybrid systems, combining unique properties of each constituent system, have typically required sources with the same photon emission wavelength. Trapped ions and neutral atoms both have compelling properties as nodes and memories in a quantum network but have never been photonically linked because of vastly different operating wavelengths. Here, we demonstrate the first interaction between neutral atoms and photons emitted from a single trapped ion. We use slow light in 87Rb vapor to delay photons originating from a trapped 138Ba+ ion by up to 13.5 ± 0.5 ns, using quantum frequency conversion to overcome the frequency difference between the ion and neutral atoms. The delay is tunable and preserves the temporal profile of the photons. This result showcases a hybrid photonic interface usable as a synchronization tool—a critical component in any future large-scale quantum network.

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Michaels, Cathryn P., Jesús Arjona Martínez, Romain Debroux, Ryan A. Parker, Alexander M. Stramma, Luca I. Huber, Carola M. Purser, Mete Atatüre, and Dorian A. Gangloff. "Multidimensional cluster states using a single spin-photon interface coupled strongly to an intrinsic nuclear register." Quantum 5 (October 19, 2021): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-10-19-565.

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Photonic cluster states are a powerful resource for measurement-based quantum computing and loss-tolerant quantum communication. Proposals to generate multi-dimensional lattice cluster states have identified coupled spin-photon interfaces, spin-ancilla systems, and optical feedback mechanisms as potential schemes. Following these, we propose the generation of multi-dimensional lattice cluster states using a single, efficient spin-photon interface coupled strongly to a nuclear register. Our scheme makes use of the contact hyperfine interaction to enable universal quantum gates between the interface spin and a local nuclear register and funnels the resulting entanglement to photons via the spin-photon interface. Among several quantum emitters, we identify the silicon-29 vacancy centre in diamond, coupled to a nanophotonic structure, as possessing the right combination of optical quality and spin coherence for this scheme. We show numerically that using this system a 2×5-sized cluster state with a lower-bound fidelity of 0.5 and repetition rate of 65 kHz is achievable under currently realised experimental performances and with feasible technical overhead. Realistic gate improvements put 100-photon cluster states within experimental reach.

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Jiang, Zhen, Yizhou Ding, Chaoxiang Xi, Guangqiang He, and Chun Jiang. "Topological protection of continuous frequency entangled biphoton states." Nanophotonics 10, no. 16 (November 2, 2021): 4019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0371.

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Abstract Topological quantum optics that manipulates the topological protection of quantum states has attracted special interests in recent years. Here we demonstrate valley photonic crystals implementing topologically protected transport of the continuous frequency entangled biphoton states. We numerically simulate the nonlinear four-wave mixing interaction of topological valley kink states propagating along the interface between two valley photonic crystals. We theoretically clarify that the signal and idler photons generated from the four-wave mixing interaction are continuous frequency entangled. The numerical simulation results imply that the entangled biphoton states are robust against the sharp bends and scattering, giving clear evidence of topological protection of entangled photon pairs. Our proposal paves a concrete way to perform topological protection of entangled quantum states operating at telecommunication wavelengths.

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Chu, Wei Ping, Fuh Shyang Juang, Jian Shian Lin, Tien Chai Lin, and Chen Wei Kuo. "Nanoimprint Photonic Crystal Film Enhanced Light-Trapping in a-Si Thin Film Solar Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.497.

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We utilize photonic crystals to enhanced lighttrapping in a-Si:H thin film solar cells. The photonic crystals effectively increase Haze ratio of glass and decrease reflectance of a-Si:H solar cells. Therefore, increase the photon path length to obtain maximum absorption of the absorber layer. The photonic crystals can effective in harvesting weakly absorbing photons with energies just above the band edge. We were spin coated UV glue on the glass, and then nanoimprint of photonic crystals pattern. Finally, used UV lamp was curing of UV glue on the glass. When the 45∘composite photonic crystals structures, the haze was increase to 87.9 %, resulting the short circuit current density and efficiency increasing to 13.96 mA/cm2 and 7.39 %, respectively. Because 45∘composite photonic crystals easy to focus on the point of light lead to the effect of scattering can’t achieve. So, we designs 90∘V-shaped photonic crystals structures to increase scattering. When the 90∘V-shaped photonic crystals structures, the Haze was increase to 93.9 %. Therefore, the short circuit current density and Efficiency increasing to 15.62 mA/cm2 and 8.09 %, respectively. We observed ~35 % enhancement of the short-circuit current density and ~31 % enhancement of the conversion efficiency.

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Rakhlin, Maxim, Grigorii Klimko, Sergey Sorokin, Marina Kulagina, Yurii Zadiranov, Dmitrii Kazanov, Tatiana Shubina, Sergey Ivanov, and Alexey Toropov. "Bright Single-Photon Sources for the Telecommunication O-Band Based on an InAs Quantum Dot with (In)GaAs Asymmetric Barriers in a Photonic Nanoantenna." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091562.

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We report on single-photon emitters for the telecommunication O-band (1260–1360 nm), which comprise an InAs/(In)GaAs quantum dot with asymmetric barriers, placed inside a semiconductor tapered nanocolumn acting as a photonic nanoantenna. The implemented design of the barriers provides a shift in the quantum dot radiation wavelength towards the O-band, while the nanoantenna collects the radiation and ensures its effective output. With non-resonant optical pumping, the average count rate of emitted single photons exceeds 10 MHz with the second-order correlation function g(2)(0) = 0.18 at 8 K.

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Hoai, Nguyen Thi Xuan, and Truong Minh Duc. "Nonclassical properties and teleportation in the two-mode photon-added displaced squeezed states." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 07 (March 18, 2016): 1650032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216500326.

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In this paper, we study the nonclassical properties and find out the effect of photon addition on these properties as well as the process of teleportation in the two-mode photon-added displaced squeezed (TMPADS) states. We derive the analytic expressions of the Wigner function, the photon number distribution and the intermode photon antibunching for these states. We show that photon addition operation not only makes the Wigner function become negative but also leads to increase the degree of antibunching. The peak of the photon number distribution becomes flatter and shifts to the greater number of photons by adding photons to both modes simultaneously. Furthermore, it is proved that the degree of intermodal entanglement becomes bigger and bigger through increasing the number of photons added to both modes. As expected, when using these states as an entanglement resource to teleport a state, the average fidelity of teleportation process is also improved by increasing the number of added photons.

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Harris, Nicholas C., Darius Bunandar, Mihir Pant, Greg R. Steinbrecher, Jacob Mower, Mihika Prabhu, Tom Baehr-Jones, Michael Hochberg, and Dirk Englund. "Large-scale quantum photonic circuits in silicon." Nanophotonics 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 456–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0146.

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AbstractQuantum information science offers inherently more powerful methods for communication, computation, and precision measurement that take advantage of quantum superposition and entanglement. In recent years, theoretical and experimental advances in quantum computing and simulation with photons have spurred great interest in developing large photonic entangled states that challenge today’s classical computers. As experiments have increased in complexity, there has been an increasing need to transition bulk optics experiments to integrated photonics platforms to control more spatial modes with higher fidelity and phase stability. The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanophotonics platform offers new possibilities for quantum optics, including the integration of bright, nonclassical light sources, based on the large third-order nonlinearity (χ(3)) of silicon, alongside quantum state manipulation circuits with thousands of optical elements, all on a single phase-stable chip. How large do these photonic systems need to be? Recent theoretical work on Boson Sampling suggests that even the problem of sampling from e30 identical photons, having passed through an interferometer of hundreds of modes, becomes challenging for classical computers. While experiments of this size are still challenging, the SOI platform has the required component density to enable low-loss and programmable interferometers for manipulating hundreds of spatial modes.Here, we discuss the SOI nanophotonics platform for quantum photonic circuits with hundreds-to-thousands of optical elements and the associated challenges. We compare SOI to competing technologies in terms of requirements for quantum optical systems. We review recent results on large-scale quantum state evolution circuits and strategies for realizing high-fidelity heralded gates with imperfect, practical systems. Next, we review recent results on silicon photonics-based photon-pair sources and device architectures, and we discuss a path towards large-scale source integration. Finally, we review monolithic integration strategies for single-photon detectors and their essential role in on-chip feed forward operations.

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HANKS, ALI. "MEASURING BREMSSTRAHLUNG PHOTONS IN $\sqrt{S} = 200\ {\rm GeV}$p-p COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (August 2007): 2182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307007659.

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Direct photon production is an important observable in heavy ion collisions, as photons are penetrating and therefore largely insensitive to final state effects. Measurements of the fragmentation component of direct photon yields in p + p and Au + Au collisions will provide important tests of pQCD predictions and of predictions for modifications of this component in heavy ion collisions. By selecting photons associated with jets on the same side using hadron-photon correlations, fragmentation photons can be measured directly.

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Reutov, Aleksei, and Denis Sych. "Photon counting statistics with imperfect detectors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012096.

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Abstract Measurement of photon statistics is an important tool for the verification of quantum properties of light. Due to the various imperfections of real single photon detectors, the observed statistics of photon counts deviates from the underlying statistics of photons. Here we analyze statistical properties of coherent states, and investigate a connection between Poissonian distribution of photons and sub-Poissonian distribution of photon counts due to the detector dead-time corrections. We derive a functional dependence between the mean number of photons and the mean number of photon counts, as well as connection between higher-order statistical moments, for the pulsed or continuous wave coherent light sources, and confirm the results by numerical simulations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Photone'

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