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Journal articles on the topic 'Photon management'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Yu, E. T., and J. van de Lagemaat. "Photon management for photovoltaics." MRS Bulletin 36, no. 6 (June 2011): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2011.109.

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2

Meijerink, Andries, René Wegh, Peter Vergeer, and Thijs Vlugt. "Photon management with lanthanides." Optical Materials 28, no. 6-7 (May 2006): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2005.09.055.

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3

Gopal. K, Saraswathi, Arathy S. Lankupalli, and Priyadharshini S. "Laser a Novel Method in the Management of Oral Soft Tissue Lesions." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220336.

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Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation stands for LASER. The field of dentistry is revolutionised by the recent advances in laser technology. The excited atom stimulates emission of photons, which triggers the release of a subsequent photon is responsible for the generation of collimated, coherent, monochromatic beam of light or LASER. It is considered as light scalpel. Development in laser is tremendous with more specific for hard tissue and soft tissue treatments such as biopsy, photo biomodulation and photodynamic therapy by jus altering their wavelength. Treatment procedure of oral soft tissue lesion using laser with minimal pain and blood less field and ease of post operative healing is fortunate in the field of oral medicine and radiology to make these as chair side procedures. Keywords: Laser, oral mucosal lesions, Low level laser therapy, Photobiomodulation, Photodynamic therapy.
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4

Wang, Hsin-Ping, Der-Hsien Lien, Meng-Lin Tsai, Chin-An Lin, Hung-Chih Chang, Kun-Yu Lai, and Jr-Hau He. "Photon management in nanostructured solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2, no. 17 (2014): 3144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tc32067g.

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5

Kirchartz, Thomas. "Photon Management in Perovskite Solar Cells." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 10, no. 19 (September 19, 2019): 5892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02053.

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6

Tovar, John D. "Photon management in supramolecular peptide nanomaterials." Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2017): 015004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/aa9685.

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7

Pennec, Yan, Vincent Laude, Nikos Papanikolaou, Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Mourad Oudich, Said El Jallal, Jean Charles Beugnot, Jose M. Escalante, and Alejandro Martínez. "Modeling light-sound interaction in nanoscale cavities and waveguides." Nanophotonics 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 413–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2014-0004.

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AbstractThe interaction of light and sound waves at the micro and nanoscale has attracted considerable interest in recent years. The main reason is that this interaction is responsible for a wide variety of intriguing physical phenomena, ranging from the laser-induced cooling of a micromechanical resonator down to its ground state to the management of the speed of guided light pulses by exciting sound waves. A common feature of all these phenomena is the feasibility to tightly confine photons and phonons of similar wavelengths in a very small volume. Amongst the different structures that enable such confinement, optomechanical or phoxonic crystals, which are periodic structures displaying forbidden frequency band gaps for light and sound waves, have revealed themselves as the most appropriate candidates to host nanoscale structures where the light-sound interaction can be boosted. In this review, we describe the theoretical tools that allow the modeling of the interaction between photons and acoustic phonons in nanoscale structures, namely cavities and waveguides, with special emphasis in phoxonic crystal structures. First, we start by summarizing the different optomechanical or phoxonic crystal structures proposed so far and discuss their main advantages and limitations. Then, we describe the different mechanisms that make light interact with sound, and show how to treat them from a theoretical point of view. We then illustrate the different photon-phonon interaction processes with numerical simulations in realistic phoxonic cavities and waveguides. Finally, we introduce some possible applications which can take enormous benefit from the enhanced interaction between light and sound at the nanoscale.
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8

Narasimhan, Vijay Kris, and Yi Cui. "Nanostructures for photon management in solar cells." Nanophotonics 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0001.

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AbstractThe concurrent development of high-performance materials, new device and system architectures, and nanofabrication processes has driven widespread research and development in the field of nanostructures for photon management in photovoltaics. The fundamental goals of photon management are to reduce incident light reflection, improve absorption, and tailor the optical properties of a device for use in different types of energy conversion systems. Nanostructures rely on a core set of phenomena to attain these goals, including gradation of the refractive index, coupling to waveguide modes through surface structuring, and modification of the photonic band structure of a device. In this review, we present recent developments in the field of nanostructures for photon management in solar cells with applications across different materials and system architectures. We focus both on theoretical and numerical studies and on progress in fabricating solar cells containing photonic nanostructures. We show that nanoscale light management structures have yielded real efficiency gains in many types of photovoltaic devices; however, we note that important work remains to ensure that improved optical performance does not come at the expense of poor electrical properties.
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9

Lai, Kun-Yu, Hung-Chih Chang, Yu-An Dai, and Jr-Hau He. "Photon management with core-shell nanowire structures." Optics Express 20, S2 (February 7, 2012): A255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.00a255.

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10

Matthews, B. "Data management for photon and neutron sources." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 67, a1 (August 22, 2011): C194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767311095171.

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11

Wang, Zhu, Ziyu Wang, and Zongfu Yu. "Photon management with index-near-zero materials." Applied Physics Letters 109, no. 5 (August 2016): 051101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4960150.

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12

Bermel, Peter. "Photon management modeling and beyond for photovoltaics." Optics Communications 314 (March 2014): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2013.10.040.

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13

Bläsi, Benedikt, Hubert Hauser, Oliver Höhn, Volker Kübler, Marius Peters, and Andreas J. Wolf. "Photon Management Structures Originated by Interference Lithography." Energy Procedia 8 (2011): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.06.206.

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14

Tatsi, Elisavet, and Gianmarco Griffini. "Polymeric materials for photon management in photovoltaics." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 196 (July 2019): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.03.031.

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15

Vynck, Kevin, Matteo Burresi, Francesco Riboli, and Diederik S. Wiersma. "Photon management in two-dimensional disordered media." Nature Materials 11, no. 12 (October 7, 2012): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat3442.

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16

Jeong, Sangmoo, Shuang Wang, and Yi Cui. "Nanoscale photon management in silicon solar cells." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 30, no. 6 (November 2012): 060801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4759260.

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17

Hua, Bo, Qingfeng Lin, Qianpeng Zhang, and Zhiyong Fan. "Efficient photon management with nanostructures for photovoltaics." Nanoscale 5, no. 15 (2013): 6627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nr01152f.

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18

Schwarz, Nicholas, Siniša Veseli, and Dariusz Jarosz. "Data Management at the Advanced Photon Source." Synchrotron Radiation News 32, no. 3 (May 4, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2019.1608120.

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19

Veliz, Frank A., Yingfang Ma, Sudheer K. Molugu, Brylee David B. Tiu, Phoebe L. Stewart, Roger H. French, and Nicole F. Steinmetz. "Photon Management through Virus-Programmed Supramolecular Arrays." Advanced Biosystems 1, no. 10 (August 17, 2017): 1700088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adbi.201700088.

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20

Guldi, Dirk. "Solar Energy Conversion Schemes; Photon- and Charge-Management." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-02, no. 6 (October 19, 2021): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-026517mtgabs.

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21

Cao, Yuqing, Zijian Zhang, and Ken Xingze Wang. "Photon management with superlattice for image sensor pixels." AIP Advances 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 085314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0058431.

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22

Guldi, Dirk. "Solar Energy Conversion Schemes: Photon- and Charge-Management." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-01, no. 16 (May 30, 2021): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-0116768mtgabs.

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23

Buencuerpo, J., J. M. Llorens, M. L. Dotor, and J. M. Ripalda. "Photon management with nanostructures on concentrator solar cells." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 8 (August 19, 2013): 083901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4819100.

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24

Zhu, Jia, Zongfu Yu, Shanhui Fan, and Yi Cui. "Nanostructured photon management for high performance solar cells." Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports 70, no. 3-6 (November 2010): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2010.06.018.

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25

Guldi, Dirk. "(Invited) Step-Change in Solar Energy Conversion Schemes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-017641mtgabs.

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At the heart of unlocking the potential of global clean, renewable energy is the concerted effort of Advanced Charge Management (ACM) and Advanced Photon Management (APM). Recent advances regarding molecular ACM have documented the maturity of energy conversion schemes. Adding now APM to ACM by means of down- and/or up-conversion and creating synergies is essential to further boost the efficiency of these sun-driven energy conversion schemes. A full-fledged comprehension of APM is essential as an enabler for creating versatile platforms that are broadly applicable not only in the area of solar electricity, but also solar fuels. APM is, in the molecular context, based on either down-converting photons by means of Singlet Fission (SF), on one-hand, or on Triplet Fusion (TF)/Two Photon Absorptions (TPA) for up-converting them, on the other hand. To harvest photons in the high-energy regime, SF, the molecular analog to multiple exciton generation, stands out. It allows high-energy, singlet-excited states to be down-converted into twice as many low-energy, triplet-excited states, thereby improving solar-cell performance. This is, however, limited to the part of the solar spectrum, where, for example, the SF-materials feature a significant absorption cross-section. To harvest photons in the low-energy regime, necessitates non-resonant, indirect excitation via TF/TPA. Our transdisciplinary research has enabled in recent years to gather a comprehensive understanding of molecular down- and up-conversion.
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26

Doria, Renato, J. Chauca, and I. Soares. "Four Bosons Electromagnetism." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 10, no. 1 (August 5, 2015): 2610–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v10i1.1341.

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Based on light invariance and electric conservation a four bosons electromagnetism is proposed. It enlarges the electric charge conservation beyond displacement current and Dirac charge to a new physical situation where the electromagnetic phenomena is mediated by the usual photon plus a massive photon and two additional charged vector bosons.Considering the enlarged abelian gauge symmetry U(1) SO(2) transforming under a same gauge parameter a non-linear electromagnetism involving four bosons is introduced. It deploys a Lagrangian containing massless, massive and charged elds with three and four vector bosons interactions. The corresponding Noether's relations and classical equations of motion are studied. They provide a whole dynamics involving granular, collective terms through antisymmetric and symmetric sectors. It develops a new photon equation which extends the Maxwell's one. Self interacting photons are obtained.A four boson electromagnetic ux is derived. It expresses an electromagnetism transfering 4Q = 0 and j4Qj = 1, not more limited to just a massless photon. There is a new electromagnetic owing to be understood, where aside of electric charge conservation, it appears a neutral electromagnetism. There are six neutral electromagnetic charges beyond electric charge as consequences from non-linearity. Two are derived from the second Noether identity and four from variational continuity equations. An electromagnetic ux being conducted by a whole physics is generated. Based on elds set, it develops a determinism under the meaning of directive and circumstance. Interpreting that, light invariance concises the photon as directive, the photon becomes a whole maker. It assumes the symmetry command which will control the conservations laws and opportunities. Consequently, one combines the symmetry equation derived fromNoether theorem with the four equations derived from variational principle, and an effective photon equation is obtained. A kind of Navier-Stokes electromagnetic ow is derived. It yields a four bosons electromagnetism preserving electric charge conservation plus introducting the meaning of chance through symmetry management.
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27

Gil, Bernard, Guillaume Cassabois, Ramon Cusco, Giorgia Fugallo, and Lluis Artus. "Boron nitride for excitonics, nano photonics, and quantum technologies." Nanophotonics 9, no. 11 (June 29, 2020): 3483–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0225.

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AbstractWe review the recent progress regarding the physics and applications of boron nitride bulk crystals and its epitaxial layers in various fields. First, we highlight its importance from optoelectronics side, for simple devices operating in the deep ultraviolet, in view of sanitary applications. Emphasis will be directed towards the unusually strong efficiency of the exciton–phonon coupling in this indirect band gap semiconductor. Second, we shift towards nanophotonics, for the management of hyper-magnification and of medical imaging. Here, advantage is taken of the efficient coupling of the electromagnetic field with some of its phonons, those interacting with light at 12 and 6 µm in vacuum. Third, we present the different defects that are currently studied for their propensity to behave as single photon emitters, in the perspective to help them becoming challengers of the NV centres in diamond or of the double vacancy in silicon carbide in the field of modern and developing quantum technologies.
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28

Markvart, Tom, Lefteris Danos, Liping Fang, Thomas Parel, and Nazila Soleimani. "Photon frequency management for trapping & concentration of sunlight." RSC Advances 2, no. 8 (2012): 3173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ra01160c.

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29

Wehrspohn, Ralf B., and Johannes Üpping. "3D photonic crystals for photon management in solar cells." Journal of Optics 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2012): 024003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/14/2/024003.

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30

Liapis, Andreas C., Matthew Y. Sfeir, and Charles T. Black. "Plasmonic hole arrays for combined photon and electron management." Applied Physics Letters 109, no. 20 (November 14, 2016): 201101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4967791.

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31

Chen, Daqin, Yuansheng Wang, and Maochun Hong. "Lanthanide nanomaterials with photon management characteristics for photovoltaic application." Nano Energy 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2011.10.004.

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32

Chen, Cong, Shijian Zheng, and Hongwei Song. "Photon management to reduce energy loss in perovskite solar cells." Chemical Society Reviews 50, no. 12 (2021): 7250–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cs01488e.

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We systematically and hierarchically reviewed all of the photon management strategies to overcome the energy loss in perovskite solar cells and hope to guide researchers to achieve efficient light-harvesting in semiconductor optoelectronic devices.
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33

Osgood, R. M., Y. Ait-El-Aoud, K. Bullion, S. Dinneen, R. Kingsborough, M. Rothschild, and S. Kooi. "Fabry-Perot interference pattern scattered by a sub-monolayer array of nanoparticles." Materials Research Express 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 016202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac487c.

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Abstract Understanding scattering of visible and infrared photons from nanomaterials and nanostructured materials is increasingly important for imaging, thermal management, and detection, and has implications for other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g., x-ray scattering and radar). New, interesting reports of photon scattering as a diagnostic probe, from inelastic x-ray scattering and interference to ‘nano-FTIR’ microscopy using infrared photons, have been published and are under active investigation in laboratories around the world. Here, we report, for the first time to our best knowledge, the experimental discovery of a Fabry–Perot interference pattern that is scattered by the sub-monolayer array of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles, and confirm it analytically and with rigorous numerical FDTD simulations.
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34

Veseli, Siniša, Nicholas Schwarz, and Collin Schmitz. "APS Data Management System." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 5 (August 15, 2018): 1574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518010056.

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As the capabilities of modern X-ray detectors and acquisition technologies increase, so do the data rates and volumes produced at synchrotron beamlines. This brings into focus a number of challenges related to managing data at such facilities, including data transfer, near real-time data processing, automated processing pipelines, data storage, handling metadata and remote user access to data. The Advanced Photon Source Data Management System software is designed to help beamlines deal with these issues. This paper presents the system architecture and describes its components and functionality; the system's current usage is discussed, examples of its use have been provided and future development plans are outlined.
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35

Amaroli, Andrea, Silvia Ravera, Angelina Zekiy, Stefano Benedicenti, and Claudio Pasquale. "A Narrative Review on Oral and Periodontal Bacteria Microbiota Photobiomodulation, through Visible and Near-Infrared Light: From the Origins to Modern Therapies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031372.

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Photobiomodulation (PBM) consists of a photon energy transfer to the cell, employing non-ionizing light sources belonging to the visible and infrared spectrum. PBM acts on some intrinsic properties of molecules, energizing them through specific light wavelengths. During the evolution of life, semiconducting minerals were energized by sun radiation. The molecules that followed became photoacceptors and were expressed into the first proto-cells and prokaryote membranes. Afterward, the components of the mitochondria electron transport chain influenced the eukaryotic cell physiology. Therefore, although many organisms have not utilized light as an energy source, many of the molecules involved in their physiology have retained their primordial photoacceptive properties. Thus, in this review, we discuss how PBM can affect the oral microbiota through photo-energization and the non-thermal effect of light on photoacceptors (i.e., cytochromes, flavins, and iron-proteins). Sometimes, the interaction of photons with pigments of an endogenous nature is followed by thermal or photodynamic-like effects. However, the preliminary data do not allow determining reliable therapies but stress the need for further knowledge on light-bacteria interactions and microbiota management in the health and illness of patients through PBM.
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36

Yamada, Y., N. Matsugaki, L. M. G. Chavas, M. Hiraki, N. Igarashi, and S. Wakatsuki. "Data Management System at the Photon Factory Macromolecular Crystallography Beamline." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 425, no. 1 (March 22, 2013): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/425/1/012017.

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37

Tsai, Yu-Lin, Kun-Yu Lai, Ming-Jui Lee, Yu-Kuang Liao, Boon S. Ooi, Hao-Chung Kuo, and Jr-Hau He. "Photon management of GaN-based optoelectronic devices via nanoscaled phenomena." Progress in Quantum Electronics 49 (September 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2016.08.001.

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38

de Jong, E. M. L. D., S. Saeed, W. C. Sinke, and T. Gregorkiewicz. "Generation of hot carriers for photon management in future photovoltaics." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 135 (April 2015): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.09.039.

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39

Prajapati, Ashish, Jordi Llobet, Mariana Antunes, Sofia Martins, Helder Fonseca, Carlos Calaza, João Gaspar, and Gil Shalev. "An efficient and deterministic photon management using deep subwavelength features." Nano Energy 70 (April 2020): 104521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104521.

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40

Rockstuhl, Carsten, and Falk Lederer. "Photon management by metallic nanodiscs in thin film solar cells." Applied Physics Letters 94, no. 21 (May 25, 2009): 213102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3141402.

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41

Al-Mefty, Ossama, and Luis A. B. Borba. "Skull base chordomas: a management challenge." Journal of Neurosurgery 86, no. 2 (February 1997): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1997.86.2.0182.

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✓ Because of their critical location, invasive nature, and aggressive recurrence, skull base chordomas are challenging and, at times, frustrating tumors to treat. Both radical surgical removal and high-dose radiation therapy, particularly proton beam therapy, reportedly are effective in tumor control and improve survival rates. The authors posit that these tumors are best treated with radical surgery and proton—photon beam therapy. During the last 5 years, they treated 25 patients (15 females and 10 males) who harbored pathologically diagnosed skull base chordomas. The mean age of the patients was 38.4 years (range 8–61 years). Previous surgery or radiation therapy was performed at other institutions in seven and two patients, respectively. The authors performed 33 surgical procedures on 23 patients. Radical removal (defined as absence of residual tumor on operative inspection and postoperative imaging) was achieved in 10 patients; subtotal resection (defined as resection of > 90% of the tumor) was achieved in 11 patients; and partial resection (defined as resection of < 90% of the tumor) was achieved in two patients. Radical surgical removal included not only the excision of soft-tumor tissue, but also extensive drilling of the adjacent bone. Adjuvant therapy consisted of postoperative combined proton—photon beam therapy (given to 17 patients and planned for one patient) and conventional radiation therapy (two patients); three patients received no adjunct therapy. To date, four patients have died. One patient who had undergone previous surgery and sacrifice of the internal carotid artery died postoperatively from a massive stroke; one patient died from adenocarcinoma of the pancreas without evidence of recurrence; and two patients died at 25 and 39 months of recurrent tumor. Permanent neurological complications included third cranial nerve palsy (one patient) and hemianopsia (one patient); radiation necrosis occurred in three patients. Of the 21 patients followed for more than 3 months after surgery, 16 have had no evidence of recurrence and five (including the two mortalities noted above) have had recurrent tumors (four diagnosed clinically and one radiologically). The mean disease-free interval was 14.4 months. A longer follow-up period will, hopefully, support the early indication that radical surgical removal and postoperative proton—photon beam therapy is an efficacious treatment. The use of skull base approaches based on the tumor classification introduced in this paper is associated with low mortality and morbidity rates.
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42

McKenzie, Michael R., Luis Souhami, Ervin B. Podgorsak, André Olivier, Jean-Louis Caron, and Jean-Guy Villemure. "Photon Radiosurgery: A Clinical Review." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 19, no. 2 (May 1992): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100042293.

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ABSTRACT:The term radiosurgery has been used to describe a variety of radiotherapy techniques which deliver high doses of radiation to small, stereotactically defined intracranial targets in such a way that the dose fall-off outside the targeted volume is very sharp. Proton, charged particle, gamma unit, and linear accelerator-based techniques appear to be equivalent from the standpoint of accuracy, dose distributions, and clinical results. However, capital and operating costs associated with the use of linear accelerators in general clinical use are much lower. Radiosurgery has an established role in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations and acoustic neurinomas. Interest in these techniques is increasing in neurosurgical and radiation oncological communities, as radiosurgery is rapidly assuming a place in the management of several other conditions, including craniopharyngiomas, meningiomas, and selected malignant lesions.
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43

Noël, Georges, Loïc Feuvret, Régis Ferrand, Gilbert Boisserie, Jean-Jacques Mazeron, and Jean-Louis Habrand. "Radiotherapeutic Factors in the Management of Cervical-basal Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas." Neurosurgery 55, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000143330.30405.aa.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: To define prognostic factors for local control and survival in 90 consecutive patients treated by fractionated photon and proton radiation for chordoma or chondrosarcoma of the cranial base and upper cervical spine. METHODS: Between December 1995 and December 2000, 90 patients (median age, 51.3 yr; range, 10–85 yr; male/female ratio, 3:2) were treated by a combination of high-energy photons and protons. Sixty-four patients had a chordoma, and 26 had a chondrosarcoma. The proton component was delivered by the 201-MeV proton beam of the Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay. The median total dose delivered to the gross tumor volume (GTV) was 67 cobalt Gray equivalents (range, 22–70 cobalt Gray equivalents). RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 34 months (range, 3–74 mo), treatment of 25 tumors failed locally. The 3-year local control rates were 69.2% (±6.0%) and 91.6% (±8.4%) for chordomas and chondrosarcomas, respectively. According to multivariate analysis, a small tumor volume excluded from the 95% isodose line (P = 0.032; relative risk [RR], 0.098; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.81) and a controlled tumor (P = 0.049; RR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04–0.99) were independent favorable prognostic factors for overall survival. On multivariate analysis, a high minimum dose (P = 0.02; RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2–6.6), a high tumor control probability (P = 0.02; RR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.2–12.5), a high dose delivered to 95% of the GTV (P = 0.03; RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.15–10.2), a high GTV encompassed by the 90% isodose line (P = 0.01; RR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.29–8.44), and a small GTV excluded from the 90% isodose line (P = 0.036; RR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1–0.9) were independent favorable prognostic factors for local control. CONCLUSION: In chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the cranial base and cervical spine treated by surgical resection and then by high-dose photon and proton irradiation, local control is mainly dependent on the quality of radiation, especially dose uniformity within the GTV. Special attention must be paid to minimize underdosed areas because of the close proximity of critical structures and to redefine and possibly escalate dose constraints to tumor targets in future studies in view of the low toxicity observed to date.
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44

Sergeev, Andrei, Sunny Karnani, and C. Mike Waits. "Modeling TPV Devices Based on Exact Analytical Solution of the Generalized Shockley – Queisser Model." MRS Advances 4, no. 16 (December 27, 2018): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.659.

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Exact solution of the generalized Shockley – Queisser model provides simple and effective tool for modeling of photovoltaic (PV) and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices with advanced photonic management. This formalism takes into account spectral characteristics of absorption/emission and a variety of recombination processes in semiconductor cell. In the current work we generalize this formalism to devices with non-ideal light reflectors used for light recycling and trapping. As an example, we investigate effects of the light management in InGaAsSb TPV converters (0.53 eV bandgap) with back surface reflector and with an additional front surface scattering layer, which provides Lambertian trapping of photons. We calculate the output power (efficiency) and investigate tradeoff between photon absorption and Auger recombination processes as a function of the device thickness. Finally, we compare performance of these TPV devices with the performance of traditional devices.
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45

Bridge, P. "Does the photon have a future? An overview of potential benefits associated with hadron therapy." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 4, no. 1 (June 2004): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396904000056.

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Hadron therapy uses sub-atomic particles to deliver radiotherapy and has the capability of delivering to an increased depth compared to photons. This offers the potential of conformal therapy without the increased integral dose associated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). In addition, there is the possibility of hadron therapy having increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE) when compared to photons. There is increasing interest in this topic currently with the possibility of a second UK hadron therapy facility being under discussion.This paper introduces the concept of hadron therapy and presents an evaluation of the potential benefits associated with it. Planning studies and clinical trials are reviewed in order to assess the impact that hadron therapy would have on patient management. Costs and other factors affecting the implementation of a hadron therapy facility are presented.The proven benefits of hadron therapy are easily demonstrated by the planning studies with increased conformity and reduced integral dose over a range of tumour sites. Simple hadron plans consistently out-perform complicated IMRT plans. The costs associated with hadron facilities are higher than for photons, but they offer simplified planning due to the inherent conformality achievable with simple hadron beams. As costs decrease and technology improves, the benefits of hadron therapy may result in the replacement of the photon for radiotherapy.
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46

Fahr, Stephan, Carsten Rockstuhl, and Falk Lederer. "Sandwiching intermediate reflectors in tandem solar cells for improved photon management." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 13 (September 24, 2012): 133904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4755873.

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47

Sheng, X., and J. A. Rogers. "(Invited) Advanced Photon Management in Printed High-Efficiency Multijunction Solar Cells." ECS Transactions 66, no. 7 (May 15, 2015): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06607.0095ecst.

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48

Perthué, Anthony, Philippe Boutinaud, Sandrine Therias, and Jean-Luc Gardette. "Photon management in the photochemical degradation of EVA-calcite composite films." Polymer Degradation and Stability 144 (October 2017): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.030.

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49

Sandhu, S., Z. Yu, and S. Fan. "Photon management for enhanced open-circuit voltage in nanostructured solar cells." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 48, no. 41 (September 29, 2015): 413001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/48/41/413001.

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50

Pérez-Vizcaíno, Jorge, Omel Mendoza-Yero, Gladys Mínguez-Vega, Raúl Martínez-Cuenca, Pedro Andrés, and Jesús Lancis. "Dispersion management in two-photon microscopy by using diffractive optical elements." Optics Letters 38, no. 4 (February 8, 2013): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.38.000440.

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