Relevant bibliographies by topics / Photojournalism – United States – 20th century

Academic literature on the topic 'Photojournalism – United States – 20th century'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Photojournalism – United States – 20th century"

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Rabins, Peter V. "The History of Psychogeriatrics in the United States." International Psychogeriatrics 11, no. 4 (December 1999): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610299005980.

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During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, elderly individuals with severe mental illness living in the United States were cared for in state-run facilities that went by various names (asylums, psychopathic hospitals, state hospitals, state mental hospitals, and medical centers). Since the beginning of the 20th century, approximately 20% of patients in state hospital facilities had brain diseases such as dementia, usually complicated by behavioral disorder.
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REDMAN, SAMUEL. "Remembering Exhibitions on Race in the 20th-century United States." American Anthropologist 111, no. 4 (November 17, 2009): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2009.01160_1.x.

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Andreadis, Konstantinos M., and Dennis P. Lettenmaier. "Trends in 20th century drought over the continental United States." Geophysical Research Letters 33, no. 10 (May 2006): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006gl025711.

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Batton, Candice, and Gary Jensen. "Decommodification and Homicide Rates in the 20th-Century United States." Homicide Studies 6, no. 1 (February 2002): 6–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767902006001002.

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Rogers, Jeffrey C. "The 20th century cooling trend over the southeastern United States." Climate Dynamics 40, no. 1-2 (July 12, 2012): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1437-6.

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BENTLEY, R. ALEXANDER, and PAUL ORMEROD. "ACCELERATED INNOVATION AND INCREASED SPATIAL DIVERSITY OF US POPULAR CULTURE." Advances in Complex Systems 15, no. 01n02 (March 2012): 1150011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525911003232.

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We observe a marked increase in the spatial homogeneity of the popularity of first names across the United States in recent decades. We explain this by calibrating a modified standard model of neutral cultural evolution to the record of first name popularities for the United States as a whole since 1900 and across the individual states over the last 50 years. We obtain estimates of both the temporal and spatial diversity of the speed of cultural evolution during the 20th century and early 21st century. We find that the speed of innovation of popular baby names accelerated substantially since the end of the 20th century. We suggest that the increased inventiveness has driven a drift process that increased the geographic diversity across the United States.
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Galletta, Gene J. "Strawberry Breeding for the Southern United States." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 597C—597. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.597c.

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This review briefly summarizes the status of the Southern strawberry industries during the 20th century. Objectives, contributions, and personnel of the Southern state and federal improvement programs are presented. The future of the southern strawberry industries and their reduced number of breeding programs are predicted, with emphasis on the objectives which may have to be altered to accommodate new and continuing problems.
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Lemon, James. "Plans for Early 20th-Century Toronto." Articles 18, no. 1 (August 7, 2013): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017821ar.

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On several occasions in the early twentieth century, advocates of urban planning proposed significant measures for altering the layout of Toronto streets. Planning historians often have proposed that an interest in beautification was superseded by a focus on efficiency by the 1920s, but Toronto's plans largely were lost amidst private development processes and business cycles. Confusion over planning priorities, the short-term perspectives of politicians, and a lack of urgency also impeded city and regional planning. Toronto experienced less planning initiatives than major United-States cities.
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Kramer, Ryan, Lahouari Bounoua, Ping Zhang, Robert Wolfe, Thomas Huntington, Marc Imhoff, Kurtis Thome, and Genevieve Noyce. "Evapotranspiration Trends Over the Eastern United States During the 20th Century." Hydrology 2, no. 2 (May 14, 2015): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology2020093.

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Paal, Douglas H. "The United States in Asia in 1999: Ending the 20th Century." Asian Survey 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3021215.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Photojournalism – United States – 20th century"

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Um, Ji-Young. "War without end : 20th century U.S. wars in Asia and empire structured in dominance /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9359.

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Whiting, Sarah. "The jungle in the clearing : space, form and democracy in America, 1940-1949." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8748.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.
"February 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 237-248).
Combining aesthetic theory with theories of the public sphere, this dissertation examines the brief appearance of a publicly empathetic civic realm in the United States during the 1940s. The argument begins with a reevaluation of the debate over monumentality initiated in modernist architectural circles, which included such figures as Sigfried Giedion, Lewis Mumford, Henry-Russell Hitchcock, and Philip Johnson. Centering on the city, this debate recast monumentality in terms more progressive than commemorative; it posited open-ended architectural and urban strategies that offered a non-restrictive yet sympathetic public resonance. If empathy is understood as the viewer's physical and psychological engagement with an object, then the 'publicly empathetic' collects and communicates the public 's individualized engagements. The term 'publicly empathetic' underscores the distinction between totalitarian consensus, exemplified by the modernism of Mussolini's fascist Italy, and what Alexis de Tocqueville identified in 1835 as America's collective individualism, which persisted in the 1940s under the umbrella of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. Springboarding from Ernst Cassirer and Susanne Langer's philosophies of symbolic form as unconsummated symbol, I argue that the modernism of this period did not define the public but rather expressed architecture's publicness through the recasting of form, programming, and modernism's public mandate. The chapters of this dissertation examine in turn the texts, projects and urbanism of this empathetic modernism. The projects constituting this realm are both public and private in nature; they include Charles Franklin and ...
by Sarah Whiting.
Ph.D.
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Heath, Karen Patricia. "Conservatives and the politics of art, 1950-88." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d62a078b-4009-40a8-8765-1a4f5e0fbcbc.

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This thesis offers a new policy history of the National Endowment for the Arts, the federal agency responsible for providing grants to artists and arts organisations in the United States. It focuses in particular on the development of conservative perspectives on federal arts funding from the 1950s to the 1980s, and hence, illuminates the broader evolution of conservative political power, especially its limits. The most familiar narrative holds that the Endowment found itself caught up in the Culture Wars of the late 1980s when Christian right groups objected to certain federal grants, particularly to Andres Serrano's Piss Christ and Robert Mapplethorpe's Self-Portrait with Whip. This thesis, however, uncovers the older origins of conservative opposition to state support for the arts, analyses conservative conceptions of art, and illuminates the limited federal role the right sought to secure in the arts in the post-war period. Numerous studies have analysed the meanings and origins of the Culture Wars, but until now, scholars had not examined conservative approaches to federal arts politics in a historical sense. Historians have generally been too interested in explaining change to the detriment of examining continuity, but this approach under-emphasises the long-term tensions that underlie seemingly sudden political eruptions. This work also offers a deep account of the conservative movement and the arts world, an area that has so far been almost completely ignored by scholars, even though a focus on marginalised players is essential to understanding the limits of conservatism. In a general sense then, this thesis evaluates the range and diversity of the conservative movement and illuminates the overall odyssey of the right in modern America. In so doing, it provides a new insight into the ways we periodise political history and also invites a broader view of how we understand politics itself.
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Wang, Chongyuan, and 王重圆. "Taiwan's propaganda activities in the United States, 1971-1979." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50605847.

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In the 1970s, Taiwan, officially known as the Republic of China (ROC),suffered a series of diplomatic setbacks. Nixon’s visit to Beijing in 1972 preluded the normalization between the United States (US) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), as well as the estrangement between the Republic of China (ROC)and the US. A year before, Taiwan was forced to withdraw from the United Nations (UN). Many countries then ceased to cooperate with Taiwan and turned to the PRC. This made Taiwan the “Orphan of Asia”. To survive and prevent further isolation, Taiwan rallied support from the international community, especially the US, its old ally. It strengthened propaganda in the US and attempted to build a prosperous and democratic image of itself. It sought to appeal to the American public. This thesis investigates Taiwan’s propaganda activities in the US and explores how the Kuomintang (KMT) government built a favorable image of Taiwan during the 1970s. The most notable propaganda organization of the ROC was the Government Information Office (GIO). The GIO’s overseas branch in New York, the Chinese Information Service, launched propaganda campaigns in the US through organizing political, economic and cultural activities. Although the GIO was centrally responsible for propaganda, the execution of the campaigns was a product of collaboration between various government organizations. This thesis analyzes the GIO’s responsibilities within this network of collaboration. The thesis then explores the variety of Taiwan’s propaganda strategies. The KMT tried very hard to solicit support from different sectors in the US. They appealed to the general public by launching advertising campaigns, cultural exhibitions and art performances. Apart from the general public, they also targeted reporters, members of Congress and scholars by offering material benefits including free trips to Taiwan and academic funding. Several public relation firms were also hired to publicize Taiwan in the US media. Some of these publicity campaigns were even illegal. The overseas Chinese formed a large constituent to the Taiwan government’s propaganda efforts. However, the overseas Chinese were not a singular group of people and recognizing this, the GIO tailored their campaigns accordingly. Taiwan wooed Chinatown leaders by giving them financial benefits and educated Chinatown residents through controlling the Chinese media and Chinese language schools. Meanwhile, the KMT threatened and punished Taiwan Independence Movement supporters in American universities. They also made attempts to re-educate these supporters and their families in and out of Taiwan. Through these activities, Taiwan hoped to create an illusion that the KMT supporters were not limited to people in Taiwan, but included the majority of Chinese around the world. By examining Taiwan’s propaganda organizations and strategies in the 1970s, the thesis aims to expand our knowledge of US-PRC-ROC relations in the 1970s, and show how Taiwan adapted to the changing international environment.
published_or_final_version
History
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Heckerl, David K. "From Emerson's 'Great guest' to Strauss's Machiavelli : innocence, responsibility, and the renewal of American studies." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35708.

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My dissertation explores the intense crisis of sensibility experienced by liberal intellectuals in cold war America, with special emphasis on the desire to renew liberal democratic culture by moving, in mind and spirit, from innocence to responsibility. The latter term, however, expresses sentiments of civic virtue or republicanism very much at odds with liberalism; hence the ultimate failure of liberals to consummate their own sense of what is most needful or necessary. Although liberals clearly desire the sensational execution of innocence, their inability to be "altogether evil" (Machiavelli) consigns them to the equivocating limbo of what R. W. B. Lewis called the "new stoicism." The liberal desire for renewal does find its consummation, however, in Leo Strauss's Thoughts on Machiavelli (1958), which instructs liberals in the salutary benefits of a philosophical republicanism. As embodied in Machiavelli himself, this mode of republicanism promises to emancipate liberals (if only they would listen) from the tyranny of innocence, thereby effecting the desired regenerative movement to civic responsibility.
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Probert, Thomas John William. "The politics of human rights in the United States of America and in the United Kingdom, 1963-76." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648500.

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Harmsworth, Thomas. "Gary Snyder's green Dharma." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e4c2e123-0b71-45c9-8535-eb09ac8cfa15.

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Twentieth-century environmentalist discourse often laid the blame for environmental degradation on Western civilization, and presented the religious traditions of the East as offering an ecocentric antidote to Western dualism and anthropocentrism. Gary Snyder has looked to Chinese and Japanese Buddhism to inform his environmentalist poetry and prose. While Snyder often writes in terms of a dualism of East and West, he synthesizes traditional forms of Buddhism with various Western traditions, and his green Buddhism ultimately undermines more simplistic oppositions of East and West. The first chapter reads Snyder's writing of the mid-1950s alongside several of his West Coast contemporaries - Kenneth Rexroth, Allen Ginsberg, Michael McClure, Philip Whalen and Jack Kerouac - showing that these writers evoked the natural world together with Buddhist themes before the advent of the modern environmental movement in order to mount a critique of Cold War American culture. Snyder's early interest in Buddhism was motivated largely by translations of Chinese poetry and Chapter Two examines his own translations of the Tang Dynasty poet Hanshan. In Snyder's translations and contemporaneous original poetry, Buddhist poetics mingle with American conceptions of wilderness. Chapter Three shows how Snyder's Buddhism was influenced by Anglophone writers such as D.T. Suzuki and Alan Watts, and argues that from the late 1960s Snyder aimed to Americanize Buddhism as ideas of localism became more central to his environmentalism. Chapter Four examines Snyder's synthesis of Hua-yen Buddhism and Western scientific ecology in the 1970s and 1980s. Chapter Five examines 'The Hokkaido Book,' an unfinished prose work on environmental attitudes in the Far East in which Snyder considers the relationship between the civilized and the primitive. Chapter Six examines the influence of Chinese landscape painting and Japanese No drama, two forms steeped in Buddhist ideas, on the poems of 'Mountains' and 'Rivers Without End'.
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Duke, Simon. "United States defence bases in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5f7987f7-8286-48b0-9595-d60413ef6fc6.

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The main concerns of the study, covering the years 1945-84, are arrangements that have been made for the use of military bases in the United Kingdom by United States forces. The subject is examined within a chronological framework. The development of the United States military presence is traced, from the earliest Joint Chiefs of Staff plans in 1945 and the Spaatz- Tedder agreement in 1946, which gave the United States permission to deploy certain forces in the United Kingdom in time of emergency. The 1948 Berlin Crisis led to the arrival of bombers in East Anglia which was the first major post-war deployment of United States forces to Britain. It was stated that it would be for a period of temporary duty. In fact the bases have remained from that day to this, though their number and types have varied over time. The Korean War proved to be the next major turning point. It increased demands upon the Attlee government for an agreement defining the conditions of use of United States bases in the United Kingdom. The subsequent Truman- Attlee, and later Truman-Churchill, meetings resulted in the key phrase: the use of bases would be 'a matter for joint decision ... in the light of circumstances prevailing at the time.' Different interpretations have been placed on these words at different times. The years 1950-57 saw a consolidation of the United States military presence, with Britain's importance as an intelligence base also growing. The dawning of the missile age symbolised by the first Soviet earth satellite in 1957, the agreement in the same year to deploy Thor missiles, and the deployment of Polaris to Holy Loch in 1960, raised questions regarding the adequacy of the earlier agreements on the conditions of use. This factor, alongside the development of a distinct European identity of which Britain has become a part, has led to a questioning of American hegemony within NATO. The arrival of cruise missiles in 1983 gave added urgency to the debate. Whilst it may be generally recognized that the bases make a substantial contribution to the United Kingdom's defences, the need for clarification of the uses to which the bases can be put by United States forces remains.
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Hallsey, Joshua. "U.S. Foreign Policy and the Cambodian People, 1945-1993." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HallseyJ2007.pdf.

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Harvey, Robert A. "The church's role in caring for the aged in 20th century United States." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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Books on the topic "Photojournalism – United States – 20th century"

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Afterimages: Photography and U.S. foreign policy. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2016.

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Tender violence: Domestic visions in an age of U.S. imperialism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

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Preston, Daniel. 20th century United States history. New York, N.Y: Harper Perennial, 1992.

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Vincent, Alabiso, Tunney Kelly Smith, Zoeller Chuck, and Associated Press, eds. Flash!: The Associated Press covers the world. New York, N.Y: The Associated Press in association with Harry N. Abrams, 1998.

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Herringshaw, DeAnn. The United States enters the 20th century. Ann Arbor, Mich: Cherry Lake Pub., 2011.

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Herringshaw, DeAnn. The United States enters the 20th century. Ann Arbor, Mich: Cherry Lake Pub., 2011.

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The United States in the 20th century. New York: Scholastic Reference, 1995.

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1942-, Whitfield Stephen J., ed. A companion to 20th-century America. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2004.

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The soiling of Old Glory: The story of a photograph that shocked America. New York: Bloomsbury, 2009.

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Unsolved: Great mysteries of the 20th century. New York: Carroll & Graf, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Photojournalism – United States – 20th century"

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Abrams, Jesse. "Late 20th-Century Forest History." In Forest Policy and Governance in the United States, 51–71. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003043669-4.

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Hertel, Florian R. "Social fluidity in the United States of America." In Social Mobility in the 20th Century, 299–330. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14785-3_12.

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Shields, Lisa B. E., Donna M. Hunsaker, and John C. Hunsaker. "Trends of Suicide in the United States During the 20th Century." In Forensic Pathology Reviews, 305–35. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-910-3_10.

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Biagini, Furio. "Jewish Traditionalism and Jewish Socialism Between 19th and 20th Century in Europe and in the United States: A Survey." In Pragmatic Studies in Judaism, edited by Andrew Schumann, Aviram Ravitsky, Lenn E. Goodman, Furio Biagini, Alan Mittleman, Uri J. Schild, Michael Abraham, et al., 249–66. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463235536-013.

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Behnke, Christoph. "On the History of the Blues in the Field of Music Production in the United States Beginning in the 20th Century: A Field Theoretical Approach." In Kunst und Gesellschaft, 195–211. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37429-7_10.

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"The Early 20th Century." In Extradition between Canada and the United States, 113–47. Brill | Nijhoff, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004479593_007.

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"THE ARCHITECTS COLLABORATIVE (TAC) (UNITED STATES)." In Encyclopedia of 20th-Century Architecture, 739–66. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203483886-43.

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Getzen, Thomas E. "United States." In Money and Medicine, 118—C7.N89. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197573266.003.0007.

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Abstract During the 20th century the United States became the largest national health care market and the global leader in medical technology. Historical records and archival data for the period before 1960 give specificity to generalizations made in previous chapters. A patchwork financing system based on private employee benefits, Medicare and Medicaid, and local safety net providers was developed during a time of exceptional prosperity. When the oil embargo and inflation hit in 1973, nonprofit hospitals, community-rated premiums, visiting nurse services, and other voluntary institutions struggled to remain viable. Without the universal coverage and national controls over budgets or prices found in most OECD countries, the health financing transition appears to have been incomplete in the United States. Excess growth after 1975 made it an outlier, an expensive exception where NHE rose 50% faster than comparable countries over the next two decades.
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"Organization and Innovation in the Early 20th Century 1898–1928." In History of Professional Nursing in the United States. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/9780826133137.0006.

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Stavans, Ilan. "Nomenclature." In Latinos in the United States. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190670191.003.0001.

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How did the term “Latino” come about? An attempt at understanding the essential role Latinos play in America needs to start with a basic etymological discussion. The term “Latino” came about in the late 20th century to describe the rich, heterogeneous minority made up...
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Conference papers on the topic "Photojournalism – United States – 20th century"

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Vohnout, Vincent J. "The Impact of Sheet Metal Stamping on Manufacturing and Economic Growth of the United States in the Early 20th Century." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33270.

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A vast array of manufactured articles containing metal components utilize power press methods in their production. The common aspect of these methods is the use of specialized dies and the mechanical energy of the press machine to impart the required finished shape with a minimum of time and material loss. The innovation of power press metal forming methods in conjunction with advances in sheet rolling technology can be credited with a significant portion of the United States economic growth from manufacturing between 1890 and 1940. Of the many variations of power press metal forming processes that now exist, sheet stamping is found to be the most significant to the economic development of the U.S. as a synergetic partner of the new automobile industry. Data from the 1929 Census of Manufactures is used to generate a Social Savings metric which estimates the effect of the use of sheet stamping in terms productivity gained. The estimated Social Savings of this very small sector of manufacturing represents a tenth of one percent of the total Value Added by all U.S. industries in 1929.
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Özgün, Tevfik Orçun, and Meral Uçmaz. "The Great Game in Asia: Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00333.

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Marked the 19th Century, “The Great Game” which took place between Great Britain and Imperial Russia, has determined the fates of many other nations. In practical sense, the term is expired in the first quarter of the 20th Century. States of Central and Southern Asia, involved in the strategic plans of Great Powers focused their interest to Central Asia in the 20th Century. Especially, after the collapse of the Soviet Union the strategicially important Kyrgyzstan has become an area of struggle between the United States, Russia, and strategically rising China in order to hold economic concessions. This paper tries to handle the strategic games played internationally on Kyrgyzstan addressing the reference frame of “The Great Game”.
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Vandenbergh, Alex. "Terra Cotta Flat Arches: A Historic Modern-Day Challenge." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2542.

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<p>At the turn of the 20th century, terra cotta flat arches (TCFA’s) were a popular floor system in steel framed buildings for industrial and office construction in the United States. These arches were lighter but just as fireproof as standard brick arches, and were designed empirically using proprietary allowable load tables, which were based mostly on load testing.</p><p>In the 21st century, the proprietary nature of the TCFA makes evaluating these systems problematic for the modern engineer, architect, and contractor. Renovations of buildings with TCFA floor assemblies typically will have new penetrations as well as altered loading conditions from its original construction.</p><p>It is important for all parties involved in the design and construction process of a renovation to understand the history, mechanisms, and limitations of TCFAs in order to have a successful renovation from both a design and a cost perspective. Conversely, renovating a building without the proper knowledge or experience with the existing materials can lead to change orders, time overruns, and most importantly life safety risks.</p><p>This paper is a summary of a presentation given by the same author to the Association for Preservation Technology (APT) conference in September, 2018. A more in-depth paper by the same author and colleagues Derek Trelstad and Rebecca Buntrock will appear as an article in the APT Bulletin in 2019.</p>
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Borbor, J. D., Katinka C. Van Cranenburgh, and Christiaan W. F. Luca. "Social Risk Management as a Response to Increasing International Pressure for Social Performance." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206240-ms.

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Abstract In the past decades, financial institutions have led the way for companies to adhere to international standards for social performance. The journey began in the Industrial Revolution, when negative societal business impacts rapidly escalated, which led people to demand for their management. Initially focused on working conditions, impacts on the environment soon started to gain notice. Halfway through the 20th century, a combination of oil spills and mass media attention generated enough public pressure for the United States to sign the first piece of legislation requiring the environmental impact assessment. With this law and its replication abroad, however, came the concern with social impacts as well. Both environmental and social performance expectations soon spread internationally and, by the 1980s, multilateral financial institutions, most prominently the World Bank, incorporated such considerations into their investment and lending practices, which is the source of all such international standards today. These standards require the establishment of a social management system to integrate risk and impact management processes and stakeholder engagement activities. Given the challenge of implementing these requirements, a social risk management development framework is proposed to bring together the extensive and multidisciplinary demands of effective social performance. Five development areas are proposed: governance, social policy, tools, resourcing and capacity, and knowledge sharing. This is an important step to take today as it is expected that the next decades will see these international demands increase, possibly by ever increasing governmental regulation.
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Río Vázquez, Antonio Santiago. "La lección del embalse. Le Corbusier y los aprovechamientos hidroeléctricos." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.1007.

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Resumen: El interés de Le Corbusier por los aprovechamientos hidroeléctricos es una constante a lo largo de su vida, sobre todo como inspiración y referencia para proyectar su arquitectura, dando forma a una lección del embalse que veremos enfocada de diferentes maneras y en distintos momentos, desde su descubrimiento durante el trabajo en Vienne (Francia) para la Société d’applications du bétón armé hasta el intento de materialización con la obra de Bhakra en la India, pasando por etapas sucesivas en las que se va exponiendo, publicando o compartiendo, mediante conferencias, textos teóricos o encuentros en viajes, como el realizado a los Estados Unidos en 1946, cuando visita el macroproyecto de la Tennessee Valley Authority y deja constancia en la primera edición americana de Quand les catedrales étaient blanches: voyage au pays des timides. A través de sus palabras, de sus dibujos y de sus proyectos vamos revelando las dos caras de la lección del embalse: la que se desprende de manera inmediata desde las realidades encontradas, que tendrá su impulso final paralelo a la construcción de Chandigarh con la implicación en la presa sobre el Sutlej; y la cara oculta, desvelada como aportaciones e influencias progresivas en su arquitectura. Ambas caras permanecerán como el testimonio de la fértil relación entre Le Corbusier y los aprovechamientos hidroeléctricos. Abstract: The interest of Le Corbusier on hydroelectric industry is a constant throughout his life, especially as inspiration and reference to project its architecture, shaping a lesson of the dam that we will see focused in different ways and at different times, from their discovery while working in Vienne (France) for the Société d’applications du bétón armé to the attempt to materialize the work of Bhakra in India, through successive stages in wich he will be in exposing, publishing or sharing through conferences, theoretical texts and encounters on trips, like the one made to the United States in 1946, when he visits the macro project of Tennessee Valley Authority and describes it in the first American edition of Quand les cathedrals étaient blanches: voyage au pays des timides. Through his words, his drawings and his projects we will reveal the two faces of the lesson of the dam: the one which follows immediately from the facts found, which will find the final attempt parallel to the construction of Chandigarh with the involvement at the dam on Sutlej; and the other side, unveiled as inputs and progressive influences in its architecture. Both sides remain as the testimony of the fertile relationship between Le Corbusier and hydroelectric industry. Palabras clave: Arquitectura; Siglo XX; Le Corbusier; agua; industria; embalse. Keywords: Architecture; 20th Century; Le Corbusier; water; industry; dam. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.1007
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Reports on the topic "Photojournalism – United States – 20th century"

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Eriksson, Katherine, Gregory Niemesh, and Melissa Thomasson. Revising Infant Mortality Rates for the Early 20th Century United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23263.

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Frydman, Carola, and Eric Hilt. Investment Banks as Corporate Monitors in the Early 20th Century United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20544.

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Cutler, David, and Grant Miller. The Role of Public Health Improvements in Health Advances: The 20th Century United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10511.

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Rajan, Raghuram, and Rodney Ramcharan. Land and Credit: A Study of the Political Economy of Banking in the United States in the Early 20th Century. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15083.

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Fishback, Price. Markets, Governments, and the Institutional Structure of Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States and Sweden in the 20th Century. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30066.

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Carrión-Tavárez, Ángel. The Situation of Puerto Rico in the First Half of the 20th Century. Edited by Ángel Carrión-Tavárez. Puerto Rico Institute for Economic Liberty, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13582003.

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After 390 years of Spanish colonialism, Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain to the United States, as a result of the Spanish-American War and the Treaty of Paris. At the dawn of the 20th century, the situation on the Island was one of extreme poverty, high unemployment, and widespread illiteracy. Federal programs alleviated the situation on the Island but began to institutionalize a major problem: the evil of passively waiting for economic aid from abroad, instead of seeking to solve the problems by its own initiative.
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Payne, Krista. Median Age at First Marriage, 2019. National Center for Family and Marriage Research, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-21-12.

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The median age at first marriage in the United States has increased steadily since the mid-20th century. In the mid-1950s, the median age was at a record low of just over 20 for women and 22 for men, but by 2020, the median age was 28 for women and 30 for men (see Figure 1). The median age at first marriage has increased similarly for both men and women. Consequently, the gender gap in the median age at first marriage has persisted, fluctuating between 1.6 and 2.7 years. This profile uses data from the 2019 American Community Survey (ACS), 1-year estimates to track the trends in women’s and men’s median ages at first marriage. The ACS is ideal because it provides the best annual data on marital status and demographic characteristics allowing for direct estimation of the median age at first marriage (Simmons & Dye, 2004). This is an update to our previous profiles on the topic for the years 2017 (FP-19-06), 2014 (FP-16-07), 2013 (FP-15-05), 2010 (FP-12-07), and 2008 (FP-09-03).
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Lamontagne, M., K. B. S. Burke, and L. Olson. Felt reports and impact of the November 25, 1988, magnitude 5.9 Saguenay, Quebec, earthquake sequence. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328194.

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The November 25, 1988, moment magnitude 5.9 (Mw) Saguenay earthquake is one of the largest eastern Canadian earthquakes of the 20th century. It was preceded by a magnitude (MN) 4.7 foreshock and followed by very few aftershocks considering the magnitude of the main shock. The largest aftershock was a magnitude (MN) 4.3 event. This Open File (OF) Report presents a variety of documents (including original and interpreted felt information, images, newspaper clippings, various engineering reports on the damage, mass movements). This OF updates the report of Cajka and Drysdale (1994) with additional material, including descriptions of the foreshock and largest aftershock. Most of the felt report information come from replies of a questionnaire sent to postmasters in more than 2000 localities in Canada and in the United States. Images of the original felt reports from Canada are included. The OF also includes information gathered in damage assessments and newspaper accounts. For each locality, the interpreted information is presented in a digital table. The fields include the name, latitude and longitude of the municipality and the interpreted intensity on the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale (most of which are the interpretations of Cajka and Drysdale, 1996). When available or significant, excerpts of the felt reports are added. This OF Report also includes images from contemporary newspapers that describe the impact. In addition, information contained in post-earthquake reports are discussed together with pictures of damage and mass movements. Finally, a GoogleEarth kmz file is added for viewing the felt information reports within a spatial tool.
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Kimhi, Ayal, Barry Goodwin, Ashok Mishra, Avner Ahituv, and Yoav Kislev. The dynamics of off-farm employment, farm size, and farm structure. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695877.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Preparing panel data sets for both the United States and Israel that contain a rich set of farm attributes, such as size, specialization, and output composition, and farmers’ characteristics such as off-farm employment status, education, and family composition. (2) Developing an empirical framework for the joint analysis of all the endogenous variables of interest in a dynamic setting. (3) Estimating simultaneous equations of the endogenous variables using the panel data sets from both countries. (4) Analyzing, using the empirical results, the possible effects of economic policies and institutional changes on the dynamics of the farm sector. An added objective is analyzing structural changes in farm sectors in additional countries. Background: Farm sectors in developed countries, including the U.S. and Israel, have experienced a sharp decline in their size and importance during the second half of the 20th century. The overall trend is towards fewer and larger farms that rely less on family labor. These structural changes have been a reaction to changes in technology, in government policies, and in market conditions: decreasing terms of trade, increasing alternative opportunities, and urbanization pressures. As these factors continue to change, so does the structure of the agricultural sector. Conclusions: We have shown that all major dimensions of structural changes in agriculture are closely interlinked. These include farm efficiency, farm scale, farm scope (diversification), and off-farm labor. We have also shown that these conclusions hold and perhaps even become stronger whenever dynamic aspects of structural adjustments are explicitly modeled using longitudinal data. While the results vary somewhat in the different applications, several common features are observed for both the U.S. and Israel. First, the trend towards the concentration of farm production in a smaller number of larger farm enterprises is likely to continue. Second, at the micro level, increased farm size is negatively associated with increased off-farm labor, with the causality going both ways. Third, the increase in farm size is mostly achieved by diversifying farm production into additional activities (crops or livestock). All these imply that the farm sector converges towards a bi-modal farm distribution, with some farms becoming commercial while the remaining farm households either exit farming altogether or continue producing but rely heavily on off-farm income. Implications: The primary scientific implication of this project is that one should not analyze a specific farm attribute in isolation. We have shown that controlling for the joint determination of the various farm and household attributes is crucial for obtaining meaningful empirical results. The policy implications are to some extent general but could be different in the two countries. The general implication is that farm policy is an important determinant of structural changes in the farm sector. For the U.S., we have shown the different effects of coupled and decoupled (direct) farm payments on the various farm attributes, and also shown that it is important to take into account the joint farm-household decisions in order to conduct a meaningful policy analysis. Only this kind of analysis explains the indirect effect of direct farm payments on farm production decisions. For Israel, we concluded that farm policy (or lack of farm policy) has contributed to the fast structural changes we observed over the last 25 years. The sharp change of direction in farm policy that started in the early 1980s has accelerated structural changes that could have been smoother otherwise. These accelerated structural changes most likely lead to welfare losses in rural areas.
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