Journal articles on the topic 'Photography – Brazil – History'

Research on photography with a focus on a city in the state of Tocantins is a way to try to tell of the history of this city, since there is little information or files that reveal part of this history. This research has as its main objective to identify, through photographic records, the history and memory of the city of Tocantinopolis - TO, Brazil. Of a qualitative approach and basic nature, the data collection instruments used were visual sources (photographs) regarding Tocantinopolis - TO, in addition to bibliographic research. Among some results found, the analyzed images revealed part of the history and the memory of this city. The information generated in the analyses helped us to identify visual elements present in the photographs that allowed us to expand the reading and interpretation capacity, which was fundamental to understand the stories, memories and the context that accompany (or accompanied) these images registered in this research.

Este artigo, intitulado “A história por trás da foto”, tem por objetivo resgatar uma passagem singular e esquecida da aviação comercial brasileira, especialmente nas décadas de 1930 e 1940. Utiliza-se o método monográfico e bibliográfico para, a partir da análise detalhada de uma fotografia sem qualquer relevância, descortinar e revelar a forte influência germânica na América do Sul. Mostra-se os reflexos da cultura germânica, principalmente no modal aéreo, bem como as particularidades das relações Brasil-Alemanha-Brasil após a Primeira Guerra Mundial.********************************************************************A story behind the photoAbstract: This article, entitled “The story behind the photo”, aims to examine a unique and forgotten period from Brazilian commercial aviation, principally from the decades of the 1930s and 1940s. The monographic and bibliographic method attempts, from a detailed analysis of the photograph, to discover and reveal the strong Germanic influence in South America. It shows the effects of the German culture, especially on air transportation, as well as the characteristics of the Brazil-Germany-Brazil relationship after the First World War.Keywords: History of Aviation; Photography; Aircraft; Porto Alegre

Andrés Stapff (Montevideo, 1972) es fotógrafo de la agencia de noticias Reuters en Uruguay desde 1999. Desde allí ha participado en varias coberturas de una amplia variedad de acontecimientos en diferentes situaciones y países tales como la crisis política y económica en Argentina durante el 2001 y 2002, la Copa América en Colombia, Perú y Argentina, los Juegos Panamericanos de Brasil, cumbres de las Américas y del G20, mundiales de fútbol y otros deportes, además de varios procesos eleccionarios en Uruguay y el resto de América Latina. Sus fotos han sido publicadas en medios nacionales y del exterior tales como The New York Times , Washington Post , El País de Madrid, The Guardian , La Nación , Clarín , Folha de São Paulo , revista National Geographic y otros. La agencia Reuters ha publicado sus fotos en los volúmenes 1, 2 y 3 de su colección The art of seeing, the best of Reuters photography . Andres Stapff (Montevideo, 1972) is a photographer from the Reuters news agency in Uruguay since 1999. As such, he has covered a wide range of events in different situations and countries like the economic and political crisis in Argentina in 2001 and 2002, the America Cup in Colombia, Peru and Argentina, the Panamerican Games in Brazil, America and G20 summits, soccer world cups and from other sports, besides several elections in Uruguay and the rest of Latin America. His photographs have been published in national and international media, such as The New York Times, Washington Post, El País de Madrid, The Guardian, La Nación, Clarín, Folha de São Paulo, National Geographic and others. The Reuters agency has published his photographs in the first, second and third volume of its collection The art of seeing, the best of Reuters photography.

The article analyzes the unfoldings of the teaching project Introducing Literatures in English, held in 2018 at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES), based in Alegre-ES, Brazil. The project aimed at promoting the improvement of reading, writing and speaking skills of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners, departing from African Literature in English and photography, so that they had the opportunity to improve their language skills while developing a broader discussion on Africa’s ethnic-cultural and linguistic diversity, building a viewpoint about the African continent less tied to colonialism, slavery, apartheid and victimization.For reading and written analyses, the students took into consideration the photo-book Another Africa (1998), with photographs by Robert Lyons and poems by Chinua Achebe (1930-2013). Based on the poems and photographs brought to light in Another Africa, I analyzed 1) the students’ multimodal reading process, by connecting images generated by poems and photographs and written and oral texts the students produced around them; 2) the students’ reception of the poems, considering Achebe’s constant use of code-switching and 3) the construction of new viewpoints around Africa elaborated by the students, bearing in mind the importance of the role of language, memory and history, oral and literary traditions when it comes to African writers and a new perspective concerning the colonial legacy and its impact on English language.

This paper presents a criticism of the performance Merci Beaucoup, Blanco! by Michelle Mattiuzzi and the self-reflection on it published in the 32nd Biennial of São Paulo – “Live Uncertainty” (2016) – entitled Written Performance Photography Experiment. To this end, we emphasize the performance’s formal elements alongside aspects of the history of racist practices and theories in Brazil, in addition to the official historiography concerning the black population, which contextualize the feelings of pain and horror impregnating both the artist’s personal experience and her performance.Accordingly, the elements of this performance that can incite feelings of pleasure in the observer such as the resistance of black women and their political representation are analyzed in the field of art and culture. Lastly, to conclude, this paper argues about the possibilities of the performance’s fruition. This argument is based on the artist's text and certain constituent arguments of the feeling of the sublime’s concept, as presented by Edmund Burke, Immanuel Kant and Jean-François Lyotard.Considering an analogy with the aesthetics of the sublime, it is argued that Merci Beaucoup Blanco! gravitates in the atmosphere of horror, pain and shock, recalling/suggesting feelings of racial violence and discrimination still existing in Brazil. This performance of a black woman against racist oppression also constitutes an act of resistance of the artist, capable of awakening feelings of pleasure in their watchers. The public then moves from shock, pain and horror to contentment of the political consciousness of race, gender, and class. Article received: April 23, 2019; Article accepted: June 15, 2019; Published online: September 15, 2019. Original scholarly paperHow to cite this article: Lino Lecci, Alice. "Black Feminism and the Feeling of the Sublime in the Performance Merci Beaucoup, Blanco!" AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 19 (2019): 85-99. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i19.316

This article focuses on the photographs of Augusto Malta, the official photographer of the city of Rio de Janeiro, made between 1904 and 1929. It departs from the work of Brian Massumi, Sara Ahmed, and Anna Gibbs on affect theory to argue that Malta's images were responsible for supporting a rhetoric of contagion used to justify the violent biopolitical policies of the Brazilian republican government. Furthermore, I assert that this rhetoric depended on the mobilization by Malta of affects widely circulated in the popular media of the period. This study aims to bring affect theory into dialog with the vast body of existing historical, visual, and sociological literature on the so-called Brazilian Belle Époque. This period in the history of Brazil, and especially of Rio de Janeiro, has been amply studied by scholars from diverse disciplines. Nevertheless, engagement with theories of affectivity and the work of Malta, especially in English-speaking scholarship, remains limited. This article speaks to the implication of photography, architecture, and urban planning in medical and biopolitical discourses, contributing to the study of the mechanisms that produce and reproduce myths of progress and the emancipating power of reason in early twentieth-century Latin America. Este artículo se centra en las fotografías de Augusto Malta—el fotógrafo oficial de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro—realizadas entre 1904 y 1929. Toma distancia con respecto al trabajo sobre la teoría del afecto de Brian Massumi, Sara Ahmed y Anna Gibbs para argumentar que las imágenes de Malta brindaron un apoyo efectivo a una retórica de contagio utilizada para justificar las violentas medidas biopolíticas del gobierno republicano de Brasil. Además, afirmo que esta retórica dependía de la movilización por parte de Malta de los afectos ampliamente difundidos en los medios populares de la época. Este estudio tiene como objetivo poner la teoría del afecto en diálogo con el vasto corpus de literatura histórica, visual y sociológica existente sobre la llamada Belle Époque brasileña. Este período en la historia de Brasil, y especialmente de Río de Janeiro, ha sido ampliamente estudiado por académicos de diversas disciplinas. Sin embargo, especialmente en la academia de habla inglesa, hay pocos trabajos que estudien la obra de Malta a la luz de las teorías de la afectividad. Este artículo habla de la implicación de la fotografía, la arquitectura y la planificación urbana en los discursos médicos y biopolíticos, contribuyendo así al estudio de los mecanismos que producen y reproducen mitos del progreso y el poder emancipador de la razón en la América Latina de principios del siglo XX. Este artigo se foca nas fotografias de Augusto Malta, o fotógrafo oficial da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, realizadas entre 1904 e 1908. Partindo do trabalho de Sara Ahmed e Anna Gibbs sobre a teoria do afeto, argumenta-se que as imagens de Malta serviram para apoiar uma retórica do contágio usada para justificar políticas biopolíticas violentas do governo brasileiro republicano. Ademais, eu afirmo que esta retórica dependeu da mobilização por Malta de afetos largamente circulados na mídia popular daquele período. O objetivo desse estudo é colocar a teoria do afeto em diálogo com o vasto corpo de literatura histórica, visual e sociológica existente sobre a dita Belle Époque brasileira. Esse período da história do Brasil, e especialmente do Rio de Janeiro, tem sido amplamente estudado por acadêmicos de diversas disciplinas. No entanto, o envolvimento com as teorias da afetividade e o trabalho de Malta, especialmente na produção acadêmica em inglês, permanece limitado. Este artigo endereça a implicação da fotografia, da arquitetura e do planejamento urbano em discursos médicos e biopoliticos, contribuindo para o estudo de mecanismos que produzem e reproduzem mitos de progresso e do poder emancipatório da razão na América Latina do início do século XX.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar como são construídas as narrativas visuais existentes na revista National Geographic. O trabalho apresenta um breve histórico da publicação, as metodologias usadas para compor as matérias, bem como o estudo de caso de uma reportagem específica. A pesquisa foi realizada através de pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamento em acervo para catalogação e consolidação documental das matérias brasileiras até então já publicadas, além de entrevistas com fotógrafo e designers envolvidos com a produção da National Geographic Brasil entre os anos 2001 e 2013. Verifica-se, nos resultados, a ênfase na narrativa fotográfica que preza pela excelência comunicativa, com rigor científico mas sem deixar de emocionar e envolver o leitor pela eloquência das imagens. ***** The main purpose of this article is to explore how the photographic visual narratives in the National Geographic Brazil Magazine are created. The work presents a brief history and background of the publication, the work protocols used to compose the articles, as well as the case study of a specific report. The research was carried out through bibliographic survey, archive research for cataloging the articles made in Brazil and published until then, as well as interviews with a photographer and designers, both involved with the magazine production between 2001 and 2013. It is recognized that there is an emphasis on the photographic narrative that values communicative excellence with scientific rigor, both in the magazine’s processes and in the case study, but without losing the ability to thrill and engage the reader through the eloquence of the images.

The present article traces relations between three objects of analysis: some works from the photographic series “Buena Memória” by the Argentinian Marcelo Brodsky, the Memorial da Resistencia de São Paulo and the Ocupa DOPS movement in Rio de Janeiro; evidencing the importance of having institutional spaces which promote exhibitions with artistic productions about memory in the Fluminense capital. The text analyses the photograph “La Clase” and its “Puente de La Memória” with the city of Buenos Aires, relating its reflections with the history and potential of these two places of memory in Brazil as possible spaces of an art educational non-hegemonic and freeing narrative.

Benjamin Abrahão is perhaps the most mythological of Middle Eastern immigrants to Brazil in the first decades of the twentieth century. He settled in northeastern Brazil during World War I and worked as a peddler. Soon he became an intermediary, photographer, and filmmaker tied to two folkloric figures, Father Cícero and Lampião. As a traveling salesman in the rural northeast, he met the charismatic Padre Cícero, who held political and spiritual sovereignty over a vast area around the market town of Juazeiro and who had led a successful uprising that toppled the state government. Abrahão became a collaborator of Padre Cícero, and sources describe him as the priest’s “secretary for international affairs” or even “prime minister” (Della Cava; Monteiro; “O Filme”; Bezerra Leite). Abrahão photographed the priest, his followers, and the town and produced the only known film footage of Padre Cícero. While Abrahão was with Padre Cícero, he met Lampião (“the Lantern”), an outlaw who led a decade-long rebellion against large landowners and federal authorities in the impoverished northeast. Abrahão photographed and filmed Lampião; his film was banned by Brazilian censors, and soon after, in 1936, he was assassinated.

The types of nominal species of Echinodermata in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo are catalogued: Holothuroidea (19 species – 16 holotypes, 1 paratype and 2 neotypes) and Ophiuroidea (4 species – 1 neotype and 3 paratypes). Photographs of all the type specimens are given. A brief account of the history of the MZUSP’s echinoderm collections is presented.

Racelda ottoi Oliveira & Gil-Santana, sp. nov., belonging to the tribe Ectrichodiini in the subfamily Ectrichodiinae, is described based on males from northeastern Brazil. Photographs of the male types of Racelda alternans Signoret, 1863, R. moerens Breddin, 1898, and R. spurca (Stål, 1860) are presented. A summary of and notes on the taxonomic history of the genus and a key to males are provided.

Leptodactylus mystaceus, a widespread species over South America, is diagnosed based on specimens from the State of São Paulo, its southernmost geographic distribution limit. Here we present the first record of this species for Southeastern Brazil, extending its distribution for approximately 1,300 km to the southeast. We also include a description of its advertisement call, natural history data, photograph in life and morphological illustrations that make easier the identification of the species.

The life history of Erotylina jaspidea (Erichson, 1847) (Coleoptera, Erotyloidea, Erotylidae, Erotylini) is described. A female specimen was found in an Atlantic Forest remnant in Northeast Brazil. After oviposition, individuals were reared in Petri dish and terrarium, feeding on basidiomes of Lentinus substrictus (Bolton) Zmitr. & Kovalenko, Favolus tenuiculus P. Beauv (Polyporaceae) and an unidentified resupinate fungus. Growth and feeding behaviors were regularly observed. We provide information on the observed life history stages, together with morphological descriptions, and photographs of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. We compared our description of the teneral E. jaspidea to species of similar color pattern. Furthermore, we discuss hypotheses about larval defensive behavior and total instar durations in E. jaspidea and other Erotylinae representatives. The present work is the first to provide a description for the life history of a species of the genus Erotylina.

ABSTRACT This report describes the first case of idiopathic seasonal alopecia in a horse in Brazil. The disease is of unknown etiology, characterized by alopecic processes in the thoracic and lateral abdominal regions, in a bilaterally symmetrical way. An eight-year-old male grade horse was treated presenting hair loss in a bilaterally symmetrical manner in the arm and abdomen areas, without any other associated clinical signs. The areas with alopecia showed no pruritus, inflammation or scaling. On the epidermis, the histological evaluation presented irregular hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, compact orthokeratosis, edema and an inflammatory infiltrate. The hair follicles were active and containing hair shaft. The case was monitored with photographic records for two consecutive years (2012 to 2014), in which the hair fall occurred at the end of autumn with spontaneous hair growth in the middle of the summer. The diagnosis was based on the history, histopathology and photographic follow-up performed. Although mentioned in the literature, this is the first clinical and pathological description of such disorder affecting an equine in Brazil.

In the region that is today Brazil, presence of pineapple in the food of Indigenous peoples was noted early by the Portuguese and other European explorers, who described the presence of the plant in Indigenous gardens and around villages along the Atlantic coast and in the interior. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the ethnobotany and history of pineapple in South America, particularly Central Brazil, based on the first known photographic documentation of the use of pineapple in the diet of an Indigenous society: the Nambikwara in the northwestern region of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The pineapple’s presence in Nambikwara villages immediately caught the attention of the early explorers and fermented Nambikwara “pineapple wine” enjoyed enormous success. The photographic record presented here was produced on the occasion of one of the first scientific expeditions sponsored by the Brazilian government in the early twentieth century, the Commission for the Construction of Telegraph Lines from Mato Grosso to Amazonas (better known as the “Rondon Commission”). All photos presented here were taken by Major Thomas Reis during a visit to the Nambikwara-Mamaindê village, in the Cabixi River region, in northern Mato Grosso, during the expedition undertaken from 1913 to 1914. They show many details of how pineapples (Ananas ananassoides) are processed, including the familiar setting of a child playing beside her working mother. As these four images suggest, unexplored archival materials offer great potential for conducting visual historical ethnobotanical studies of topics that are otherwise invisible in the academic record.

The genus Bactrophora Westwood, 1842 comprises only two species known from Central America and northern South America, with a notable scarcity of collected specimens. Herein, we provide the first records of the presence of this genus in Brazil. These new records, based on entomological collection data and photographic records, extend the known distribution of Bactrophora dominans Westwood, 1842 to include the Brazilian Amazonian region. Both records emphasize the importance of natural history collections and the significance of the iNaturalist web-based application as an instrumental tool in this discovery.

Polyclads are a conspicuous group of marine invertebrates, the most charismatic members of the phylum Platyhelminthes. From Brazil, a total of 71 polyclad species were reported or described. Only three of them were recently described, five are recent records for the Brazilian coast, and 55 were described by Ernest and Eveline Marcus, who were by far the most productive workers. However, they quite often published in Portuguese or German, rather than English, and have not designated type material or specified material deposited in museum collections. Most of the polylcad material studied by the Marcus was found to be in the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Here we summarize the knowledge about Brazilian polyclad biodiversity, give information about deposited material in different museums for future reference, and designate type material for the species that did not have any. We examined 58 polyclad species reported from Brazil and designated type material and information available on type series of 52 species. Lectotypes (89 vouchers) were designated for 30 species and paralectotypes (73 specimens / 70 vouchers) were designated for 22 Brazilian species. Among the 261 type vouchers examined in this work, 22 species (77 vouchers) had material recognized as holotypes and 2 vouchers were recognized as paratypes. Of the total number of species reported from Brazil, 10 species remain without information about type material. In the present paper we also propose a new combination (Lurymare cynarium nov. comb.). Eleven species have their geographical distribution range broadened and 42 were photographed for the first time, five of those were photographed live as well. The number of Brazilian polyclad species is expected to rise when different regions and environments are surveyed.

Centris xanthomelaena Moure & Castro, 2001 is a relict species, endemic to northeastern Brazil and broadly recorded within the semiarid region of Caatinga xerophilous open vegetation. It was originally included in the subgenus Paracentris Cameron, 1903 but posteriorly interpreted as remotely related to it or to the subgenus Centris s. str. Fabricius, 1804. In this paper it is proposed to recognize this species as the single member of the monotypic Relicthemisia, a new subgenus which belongs to the ‘Centris group’, one of the main internal lineages of the genus. The proposition of this new subgenus is based on both, morphological and molecular data which indicate its long history as a distinct lineage. Distribution records, floral hosts as well as photographs of both sexes of C. xanthomelaena are also provided.

This article on the education of indigenous peoples in Latin America is a synthesis of an approximation of studies on the history of Education of indigenous peoples (schooling), taking Brazil and Chile as a case study. It represents an effort of reflection of two researchers of the History of Latin American Education Society (SHELA), who have been studying Indigenous Education or Indigenous School Education in Chile and Brazil, from the theoretical perspective of “coloniality and decoloniality” of indigenous peoples in Latin America. The research is based on a comprehensive-interpretative paradigm, whose method is linked to the type of qualitative historiographic descriptive research considering primary and secondary written sources, complemented with visual data (photographs). The documentary analysis was made from material based on primary written sources, secondary and unobtrusive personal documents. The study included three distinct phases in the process of producing results: 1) a critical review of the data of our previous research, in addition to the bibliographic review of research results regarding the presence of the school in other indigenous cultures of the Americas; 2) capturing and processing of new data; and 3) validation and return of results with the research participants. Content analysis was carried out in order to reveal nuclei of central abstract knowledge, endowed with meaning and significance from the perspective of the producers of the discourse, as well as knowledge expressed concretely in the texts, including their latent contents.

Eclipses are among the celestial events that draw the attention of the public. This paper discusses strategies for using eclipses as public communication opportunities in the media. It discusses the impact of articles written by the author and analysis of published material for 25 observed eclipses over the last 30 years by mass media in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. On each occasion, a standard article was posted on the Internet and sent to newspapers, radio and TV with information, such as: date, time and local circumstances; type of the eclipse; area of visibility; explanation; diagram of the phenomenon, and the Moon's path through Earth's shadow; eclipses in history; techniques of observation; getting photographs; place and event for public observation. Over the years, direct contact was maintained with the media and jounralists by the press offices of the institutions.

This historical-social study aimed to examine the symbolic elements that express the hierarchizing division between the male and female, contained in newspaper reports published about the return home of the nurses who worked in the Brazilian Expeditionary Force's Health Service, and to discuss the symbolic effects these reports produced. The historical sources of the study, consisting of photographic, written and oral documents, were classified and analyzed in the light of Pierre Bourdieu's Social Theory and Michelle Perrot's studies on Women's History. The research revealed that the way the news reports about the arrival of these nurses to Brazil were disseminated represented the reproduction of a symbolic strategy to enforce political and social interests in force, and that contained the ideas about the hierarchizing division of the social world into male and female.

Lina Bo Bardi’s Glass House (Casa de Vidro) is a National Historic Landmark designed and built in the late 1940s in São Paulo, Brazil. The house is one of the symbols of modern Brazilian mid-century architecture. It is a historiographical reference of the history of modern architecture in Brazil. This article reports the experience, outcomes, challenges, benefits, and limitations of the Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) process. The HBIM was developed for Lina’s Glass House considering the following steps: modeling planning; data acquisition; model elaboration; recording of pathologies and damage; data management; documentation process. The HBIM developed includes historical information and geometric data from direct measurements, laser scanning, photographic survey, and pathologies documentation. The model allows professionals responsible for architecture, conservation, and restoration to access integrated information on projects and the current condition of the buildings easily and quickly. Good precision was achieved for important building elements, contributing to maintenance and restoration actions. This experience allowed the development of an integrated workflow of activities for collecting, processing, recording, and managing information that may serve as a baseline for future projects for the documentation of modernist buildings.

Popularly known as fungus gnats, Mycetophilidae are found in humid environments usually associated with mushrooms and decaying wood. Their immature forms often feed on fungus fruiting bodies. Similar to most bibionomorphans, mycetophilids need due attention concerning their taxonomy and information on their natural history, especially in the Neotropical region. This work describes Monoclona carambeiensis sp. nov., a new species of Monoclona Mik, and furnishes information on the morphology of adults and immatures, besides notes and photographs on the life cycle of the species. Immature forms present on a piece of decaying wood with lichens and fungi were collected from Carambeí, Paraná, and reared in the laboratory. The emerged adult male was fixed in 80% ethanol. This is the first study describing an immature of a Neotropical species of Monoclona, and also the first record of the genus in the state of Paraná, Brazil. This is the third Neotropical species of Mycetophilidae to have its life cycle described, for a fauna with over 1,100 known species.

Megadytes (Bifurcitus) ducalis Sharp, 1882 is the largest diving beetle in the world and has been considered a candidate for the world’s rarest insect (Jones 2010). It was described from "Brazil", is only known from the male holotype in the Natural History Museum (London), and typically thought to be extinct. Here we report the finding of 10 additional specimens, all collected at the end of the 19th century, which were discovered incidentally in different historical collections, including drawers with unsorted diving beetle accessions of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris). These specimens, whilst old, reveal exact locality data for the first time, enabling focused field campaigns to attempt to rediscover this giant alive. Locality labels all indicate Santo Antônio da Barra (present name Condeúba), in the southern part of Bahia, Brazil, suggesting that the species may have a restricted distribution in wetter parts of the Brazilian savanna or cerrado. We also describe the female of M. ducalis for the first time and present new records of the putatively closely related species Megadytes magnus Trémouilles & Bachmann, 1980 and M. lherminieri (Guérin-Méneville, 1829), the latter being recorded for the first time from Ecuador. These three morphologically similar species together form the subgenus Bifurcitus Brinck, 1945 and we provide photographs of their habitus, median lobes and other morphological details.

This study is aimed at analysing the tourism strategies adopted by the owners of Estância da Glória and Fazenda Palomas, true pioneers of rural tourism in the municipality of Santana do Livramento, Brazil using comparative case studies and qualitative content analysis of interviews, observation and photographic records. The results showed that natural, cultural and historical resources have been used in creative interpretations to explore the potential of the properties, adapting their offer of tourist activities to the demand of their market seg‑ ment. It also showed that there was room for improvement. For the owners, entrepreneurship in rural tourism is linked to innovation, to the possibility of integrating tourism with agricultural activities, to generate complemen‑ tary income, preserve their natural resources, conserve their historical and cultural heritage and produce a sense of belonging and identification of the visitors with local/regional culture and history

Repare bem (Maria de Medeiros, 2013) and Luz obscura (Susana de Sousa Dias) are illustrative examples of women documentary filmmaker's approach to post-dictatorship memory in Brazil and in Portugal. Their attempt to counterpose affective and personal memories with the official records of the state, through the use of mugshots and prison photos of members of a family nucleus taken by the oppressive apparatus of the respective regimes framed in a ‘family narrative’, is inextricable from a recovery of the memory of women’s efforts as both witnesses as and social and political agents. This article will build upon works combining a feminist approach with memory studies (Marianne Hirsch, Annette Kuhn) which provide an insight into the particularities of family photographs as a means to explore the intersection between the personal and the official, the intimate and the public, family and nation, memory and history. Both documentaries raise the stakes by questioning as well as collapsing the said binaries when they structure and order the historical source material within a ‘family frame’: mugshots and prison photos are inscribed in lieu of a speculative family album, thus performatively upsetting the ideological framework of authoritarian regimes as well as their historical legacies, currently the object of contestation and political manipulation.

EpipompilusKohl comprises 52 species of wasps that are parasitoids of spiders; 16 species occur in the Neotropical region and 36 species occur in the Australian region. The biological knowledge of this genus is limited and its interactions and host spiders are still incipient. Here, we report some behavioural and biological characteristics ofE.excelsus, a parasitoid of the tube-dwelling spiderAriadnamollis. We observed anE.excelsusfemale attacking an adult female ofA.mollisin São Paulo, Brazil. We photographed daily the larval development of the wasp, from the egg stage to adult emergence. The entire developmental cycle of the wasp took 24 days. This period was shorter than the developmental periods of wasps belonging to other genera of Pompilidae. Although all species within Pompilidae use spiders as host, they present great behavioural diversity, characterized by different ethological sequences. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the Neotropical species ofEpipompilusexhibit biological characteristics similar to the Australian species, acting as a koinobiont ectoparasitoid, but displays differences in larval morphology. Studies on other species could elucidate the extent of these differences and similarities, contributing to our understanding of the evolutionary history ofEpipompilus, and consequently of Pompilidae.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a prática contumaz do padre Cícero Romão Baptista em, ao longo de sua trajetória religiosa e política, copiar e guardar todos os documentos escritos, hemerográficos e iconográficos, constituindo um considerável e consistente arquivo de si que dava conta, igualmente, de aspectos da história política, econômica e social não apenas da localidade em se estabelecera, Juazeiro do Norte, mas do Ceará e do Brasil nas primeiras décadas da República Velha. O chamado “grande arquivo do padre Cícero” é composto por cartas e telegramas tanto de natureza eclesiástica quanto cartorial, fotografias, artigos de jornais, películas de filmes, etc. Neste trabalho tomando como referência as reflexões do historiador francês Philippe Artierés publicadas na revista Estudos Históricos em 1998, intituladas “Arquivar a própria vida”. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Arquivo, padre Cícero, arquivo, documentos. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the contumacious practice of Father Cicero Romao Baptista in over their religious and political trajectory, also copy and save all written documents, print newspapers and iconographic, making a considerable and consistent file of himself about aspects of political, economic and social history not only of the locality had established, Juazeiro, but of Ceará and Brazil in the first decades of the Old Republic. The called "large file of Priest Cicero" consists of letters and telegrams from both ecclesiastical nature and notarial, photographs, newspaper articles, movies, films, etc. In this work having as reference the reflections of the French historian Philippe Artierés published in the journal Historical Studies in 1998, entitled "To file life itself." KEYWORDS: Archive, Father Cicero, documents. RESUMEN Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la práctica contumaz del Padre Cícero Romao Baptista en más de su trayectoria religiosa y política, copiar y guardar todos los documentos escritos, hemerográficos y iconográficos, haciendo un considerable y constante de ustedes que se dio cuenta de archivo, también los aspectos de la historia política, económica y social no sólo de la localidad se había asentado, Juazeiro, pero de Ceará y Brasil en las primeras décadas de la antigua República. El llamado "archivo de gran tamaño del Padre Cicero" se compone de cartas y telegramas, tanto de carácter eclesiástico y notario, fotografías, artículos de periódicos, películas, películas, etc. En este trabajo, con referencia a las reflexiones del historiador francés Philippe Artierés publicados en la revista Estudios Históricos en 1998, titulado "Archivo vida en sí." PALABRAS CLAVE: Archivo, Padre Cicero, archivos, documentos.

In this photographic article, we gather five Brazilian choreographers and dancers who are over 50 years old: Eva Schul (72), Robson Duarte (57), Eduardo Severino (57), Suzi Weber (55) and Mônica Dantas (52). Movement and dance photos support a narrative about age, longevity and fragility in contemporary dance. We try to answer some questions: how old is too old to dance? How do we embody time? How do we integrate damage and fragility to our dance? We have been collaborating with Eva Schul since the 1990s, and in parallel, we have been developing our own work. Since the 1980s, Eva Schul has been working with contemporary dance integrating somatic practices. So, this visual essay addresses topics related to the history of somatic practices and contemporary dance in southern Brazil and somatic perspectives on the ageing issue. We intend to give voice and image to those dancers and choreographers that are challenging the perspective of body image in dance, and highlight their older bodies, which can display vulnerability and fragility and, at the same time, strength and desire, ready to fight the battles of art and life. Our vision is that to give voice and image to those dancing bodies matured by the passage of time constitutes a political act.

Nesta entrevista, Marcus Levy Bencostta, professor e pesquisador da Universidade Federal do Paraná, discorre sobre os aspectos que envolvem a produção historiográfica e a potencialidade em torno da construção de pesquisas que tomam como objeto de estudo o mobiliário escolar. Ao longo de sua trajetória profissional, Marcus Levy Bencostta tem elaborado um conjunto significativo de trabalhos acerca da História da Educação no Brasil e, mais precisamente, sobre a cultura material escolar, com a qual tem contribuído com referenciais analíticos utilizados por muitos pesquisadores que investigam a realidade educativa. Destaca-se também sua inserção como Professor Visitante em diferentes Universidades Brasileiras e Estrangeiras e os cargos ocupados em Revistas Acadêmicas e Associações como a ANPED e a SBHE. É doutor em História Social pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP, 1999), realizou pós-doutorado pela École Nationale Supérieure d´Architecture de Versailles, França (2007-2008) e aperfeiçoamento em Arquitetura Escolar pela Université du Québec à Montréal (2004). É fundador do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em História da Arquitetura Escolar - NEPHArqE e do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em História da Educação e Modernidade – NEPHEM, ambos sediados na UFPR. Tem se dedicado, principalmente, a pesquisar os seguintes temas: Arquitetura Escolar, Culturas Escolares, Fotografias Escolares, Colégios Confessionais. Palavras-chave: Mobiliário escolar. Cultura material escolar. História da Educação.Challenges surrounding School Furniture research: a conversation with Marcus Levy BencosttaABSTRACTIn this interview, Marcus Levy Bencostta, professor and researcher at the Federal University of Paraná, discusses the aspects that involve the historiographic production and the potentiality around the construction of research that take as an object of study the school furniture. Throughout his professional career, Marcus Levy Bencostta has elaborated a significant set of works on the History of Education in Brazil and, more precisely, on the material school culture, to which he has contributed with analytical references used by many researchers who investigate the educational reality. He is also a Visiting Professor at different Brazilian and Foreign Universities and has held positions in Academic Journals and Associations such as ANPED and SBHE. He holds a Ph.D. in Social History from the University of São Paulo (USP, 1999), a post-doctoral degree from the École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Versailles, France (2007-2008), and further education in School Architecture from the Université du Québec à Montréal (2004). He is the founder of the Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em História da Arquitetura Escolar - NEPHArqE (Center for Studies and Research in the History of School Architecture) and the Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em História da Educação e Modernidade - NEPHEM (Center for Studies and Research in the History of Education and Modernity), both based at UFPR. It has been mainly dedicated to researching the following themes: School Architecture, School Cultures, School Photographs, Confessional Colleges. Keywords: School furniture. School material culture. History of Education.Desafíos en torno a la investigación sobre mobiliario escolar: una conversación con Marcus Levy BencosttaRESUMENEn esta entrevista, Marcus Levy Bencostta, profesor e investigador de la Universidad Federal de Paraná, discute los aspectos que involucran la producción historiográfica y la potencialidad en torno a la construcción de investigaciones que toman como objeto de estudio el mobiliario escolar. A lo largo de su carrera profesional, Marcus Levy Bencostta ha elaborado un importante conjunto de obras sobre la historia de la educación en el Brasil y, más concretamente, sobre la cultura material escolar, a las que ha contribuido con referencias analíticas utilizadas por muchos investigadores que investigan la realidad educativa. También es profesor visitante en diferentes universidades brasileñas y extranjeras y ha ocupado cargos en revistas académicas y asociaciones como la ANPED y la SBHE. Tiene un doctorado en Historia Social de la Universidad de São Paulo (USP, 1999), un posdoctorado de la École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Versailles, Francia (2007-2008) y una formación complementaria en Arquitectura Escolar de la Université du Québec à Montréal (2004). Es fundador del Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em História da Arquitetura Escolar - NEPHArqE (Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Historia de la Arquitectura Escolar) y del Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em História da Educação e Modernidade - NEPHEM (Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Historia de la Educación y de la Modernidad), ambos con sede en la UFPR. Se ha dedicado principalmente a la investigación de los siguientes temas: Arquitectura Escolar, Culturas Escolares, Fotografías Escolares, Colegios Confesionales. Palabras clave: Muebles escolares. Cultura material escolar. Historia de la Educación.

The family Thorectidae includes 23 valid genera and 130 species, characterized by the presence of laminated fibres and diplodal choanocytye chambers. Currently the genus Thorecta comprises approximately 20 valid species, distributed mainly in the Indo-Pacific. We describe here a new species of Thorecta that is the only valid species of the genus described in the Atlantic Ocean so far. Samples were collected by trawling on board of the RV ‘Astro Garoupa’ in Potiguar Basin, on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte State, north-eastern Brazil. Thorecta atlantica sp. nov. is greyish-brown to dark brownish-grey and presents a distinctive globular or clavulate shape, with 1–2 large apical oscules that open to deep atria. It was found between 61 and 160 m depth. A literature survey suggests that many species referred to Thorecta should be relocated to different genera due to absence of diagnostic characters, and that the genus Thorecta should group only 11 species: T. carteri, T. marginalis, T. prima, T. lata, T. farlovi, T. meandrina, T. polygona, T. reticulata, T. tuberculata, T. vasiformis and T. atlantica sp. nov. The tortuous history of the genus is an example of the damage that poorly-described species can cause to classification. Detailed descriptions of fresh material, well illustrated by photographs and including as many characters as possible, are essential tools for the clarification of the systematics of Thorecta in the future.

O presente artigo, realizado na linha de pesquisa em História e Historiografia da Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, objetiva a análise do projeto pedagógico implementado pelo militar, filósofo e professor curitibano Ney Correia de Souza Lobo (1919-2012) no Colégio Lins de Vasconcellos, então mantido pela Federação Espírita do Paraná, entre os anos de 1967 e 1974. Tal projeto, fundamentado em princípios militaristas, escolanovistas e espiritas, dava ênfase à atividade e à cooperação discente, instituia uma direção colegiada, uma assembleia de alunos, e implementava a Cidade Mirim. O projeto se concretizou num contexto histórico que coincide com um período de intensos debates sobre a educação nacional, como também de ascenção e recrudescimento do regime civil-militar brasileiro. Utilizamos para análise as categorias de: habitus, campo e práticas (BOURDIEU, 1983); intelectual, geração e sociabilidade (SIRINELLI, 2003); e representação e apropriação (CHARTIER, 1991). As fontes analisadas incluíram entrevistas e documentos materiais como correspondências, jornais, revistas, livros, fotografias e vídeos.* * *This article was developed on the research field of History and Historiography of Education of the Pos-graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Uberlândia, and objectivate the analysis of the pedagogical project implemented by the military, philosopher and teacher from Curitiba-PR, Brazil, Ney Correia de Souza Lobo (1919-2012) at Colegio Lins de Vasconcellos, at that time sustained by the Spiritist Federation of Paraná, between 1967 and 1974. This project was inspired on military civism, spiritism and progressive education, and emphasized student activity and cooperation, instituted a collegial direction, an assembly of students, and implemented the Cidade Mirim (a miniatured city). This pedagogical project took place in a historical context that coincides with a period of intense debates about national education, as well as the rise and escalation of the Brazilian civil-military regime. We used for analysis the categories of: habitus, field and practices (BOURDIEU, 1983); intellectual, generation and sociability (SIRINELLI, 2003); and representation and appropriation (CHARTIER, 1991). The sources analyzed included interviews and material documents such as correspondence, newspapers, magazines, books, photographs and videos.

This article provides an analysis of scientific research on the life and activities of the first Russian charge d’ affaires and consul general in Korea Karl I. Waeber, shows the specific contribution of scholars to the study of the professional biography of this outstanding diplomat. Despite the fact that the activity of K.I. Weber in Korea is partially reflected in the works of Boris D. Pak and Bella B. Pak on the history of Russo-Korean relations, as well as in several separate articles, the first special monographic work on this topic belongs to the pen of the author of this article. The monographic research focuses on a detailed coverage of the tasks, goals facing Waeber in Korea, the specific forms and conditions for their implementation, the impact he exerts on the course of the Russian government towards Korea; analysis of the most complex international circumstances, against the background of which he made certain decisions. This article contains answers to T.M. Simbirtseva and S.V. Volkov’s critical remarks regarding some of the information and photographic documents given in the work concerning K.I. Waeber and the accusations against the author of the article in connection with the publication in Germany in the summer of 2021 of Dr. S. Braezel's photobook "Pictures of the life of a diplomat between Europe and East Asia: Karl von Waeber (1841-1910)". The author of the article drew attention to some erroneous judgments in the article by T.M. Simbirtseva and S.V. Volkov, formed due to ignorance and bias, analyzed and refuted the most unfounded accusations, clarified the position regarding new information about K.I. Waeber.

A monograph of the 425 New World species of Ipomoea is presented. All 425 species are described and information is provided on their ecology and distribution, with citations from all countries from which they are reported. Notes are provided on salient characteristics and taxonomic issues related to individual species. A full synonymy is provided and 272 names are lectotypified. An extensive introduction discusses the delimitation and history of Ipomoea arguing that a broad generic concept is the only rational solution in the light of recent phylogenetic advances. Although no formal infrageneric classification is proposed, attention is drawn to the major clades of the genus and several morphologically well-defined clades are discussed including those traditionally treated under the names Arborescens, Batatas, Pharbitis, Calonyction and Quamoclit, sometimes as distinct genera, subgenera, sections or series. Identification keys are provided on a regional basis including multi-entry keys for the main continental blocks. Six species are described as new, Ipomoea nivea J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Peru, I. apodiensis J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Brazil, I. calcicola J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. pochutlensis J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. zacatecana J.R.I. Wood & Scotland and I. ramulosa J.R.I. Wood & Scotland from Mexico, while var. australis of I. cordatotriloba is raised to specific status as I. australis (O’Donell) J.R.I. Wood & P. Muñoz. New subspecies for I. nitida (subsp. krapovickasii J.R.I. Wood & Scotland) and for I. chenopodiifolia (subsp. bellator J.R.I. Wood & Scotland) are described. The status of previously recognized species and varieties is changed so the following new subspecies are recognized: I. amnicola subsp. chiliantha (Hallier f.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. chenopodiifolia subsp. signata (House) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. collina (House) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. austromexicana (J.A. McDonald) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. orizabensis subsp. novogaliciana (J.A. McDonald) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. pavonii (Hallier f.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. melanotricha (Brandegee) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. setosa subsp. sepacuitensis (Donn. Sm.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland, I. ternifolia subsp. leptotoma (Torr.) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland. Ipomoea angustata and I. subincana are treated as var. angustata (Brandegee) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland and var. subincana (Choisy) J.R.I. Wood & Scotland of I. barbatisepala and I. brasiliana respectively. Attention is drawn to a number of hitherto poorly recognized phenomena in the genus including a very large radiation centred on the Parana region of South America and another on the Caribbean Islands, a strong trend towards an amphitropical distribution in the New World, the existence of a relatively large number of species with a pantropical distribution and of many species in different clades with storage roots, most of which have never been evaluated for economic purposes. The treatment is illustrated with over 200 figures composed of line drawings and photographs.

»My name is Boye, I dig carins and old mounds«The archaeologist Vilhelm Christian BoyeThe story of Vilhelm Boye is the history of one man’s passionate and insightful involvement in archaeology, which from the first was directed solely towards the Bronze Age. His involvement led to an academic disaster in his youth, but left behind it a developed skill in field archaeology. Despite his problems he persisted with what most obsessed him, namely the preservation of Denmark’s oak coffin graves. His multi-facetted personality and his more popular approach to archaeology may have challenged his contemporaries, and certainly contributed to his more or less deliberate exclusion from a permanent appointment at the Museum of Northern Antiquities in Copenhagen. Even though he was opposed by powerful people within the Copenhagen museum establishment for nearly twenty years, he had the natural facility of easily winning the trust of others. This enabled him to cope with the situation and turn it to his advantage wherever he found himself. His marriage to Mimi Drachmann brought a welcome stability to his life, but his lack of professional recognition and his exclusion from a place at the top of archaeology continued. Time was running out for Boye, but he managed to leave an impressive body of published work behind him.Vilhelm Christian Boye was the son of the Norwegian-born priest and writer of hymns Caspar Johannes Boye. In 1848 his father was moved to the garrison church in Copenhagen, where the family lived at 29 Bredgade until his father’s death from cholera in 1853. This was a fashionable part of town, its residents including both the composer Niels W. Gade and Professor Adam Oehlenschläger, and even more notably J.J.A. Worsaae lived in the same property as the Boye family from 1850 to 1852. It was probably through his neighbour Worsaae that Boye later became a member of the circle around C.J. Thomsen. We may therefore assume that Boye visited and spent many after-school hours at the Museum of Northern Antiquities, and soon became an assistant during the public tours.Early in the 1840s tension arose between Worsaae and Thomsen, because Thomsen did not want to make Worsaae a junior museum inspector. Worsaae had not hitherto received any stipend or official position, and with some justice felt himself hard done by. Thomsen however did not respond to his request, so he left the Museum, later to be made Director for the Preservation of Ancient monuments. At the same time he taught at Copenhagen University, where Boye from time to time came to his lectures. There is no doubt that Boye wanted an academic career, and presumably hoped that his involvement with the Museum of Northern Antiquities would allow him to complete a study of Scandinavian archaeology. In the meantime Boye studied at the Museum under the direction of both Thomsen and Herbst.In early October 1857 Boye undertook one of his first excavations of a Bronze Age mound, the so-called Loholm barrow at Snørumnedre Mark (fig. 1). The dating of the grave however caused problems for him, but through a comparative study of Bronze Age burial rituals he concluded that the grave had close parallels within this period.The following year three funerary urns and some bronze objects were found in Hullehøj barrow, near Kjeldbymagle on the island of Møn. The barrow was going to be blown up, but the local judge had the work stopped and sent Boye to lead the excavation in May 1859. As the excavation progressed, Boye was able to ascertain that there were both cremations and inhumations in one and the same barrow. The inhumations were surrounded by fist-sized stones and placed at the bottom of the barrow, the cremations higher up within the mound. In comparison with his earlier barrow excavations it is worth noting Boye’s stratigraphic observations, which for the first time supported the division of the Bronze Age into an earlier and a later section. This hypothesis had been suggested earlier, but not hitherto adequately demonstrated. In 1859 Boye published the results of his excavations of 1857-8, as well as those of his recently completed excavation of Aasehøj barrow at Raklev, in the periodical Annaler for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie for 1858. This article is his first independent scientific publication, and should have attracted greater attention than it in fact did. In modern perspective the article is a perfectly competent archaeological publication, in which Boye solely through field observations reaches the conclusion that the Bronze Age could be divided into two periods, each with its own burial ritual. Even though Boye had been close to understanding why both cremations and inhumations occurred in the same barrow as early as 1857, he did not reach his final understanding this early. In November 1857 Worsaae had in fact given lectures at the university in which he suggested a division of the Bronze Age, but it is noteworthy that he had not earlier published any or all of his conclusions. His work on the subdivision of the Stone Age was probably more important to Worsaae, while the subdivision of the Bronze Age was more of a footnote, a natural outgrowth of the idea that there was continuous development from one stage to the next. Boye’s article in Annaler thus inevitably supported Worsaae’s hypothesis, although this was presumably not the intention. On the contrary, Boye merely intended to publish his own conclusions. Boye cannot therefore be said to be the sole originator of the subdivision of the Bronze Age, but apart his barrow investigations there was nobody else who reached the same conclusion at the time independently of Worsaae.In 1860 Boye took part in the first major bog excavations, at Vimose and then at Thorsbjerg with Engelhardt. Despite adverse circumstances and appalling weather, the Thorsbjerg excavations produced several important finds including Roman coins, a gilt breastplate, and also a very unusual face mask of silver with gilt (fig. 2). Although Engelhardt did not publish the full excavation report until 1863-69, Boye presented his observations in Annaler as early as 1860, where he discussed earlier interpretations of the many weapons found in bogs. Boye observed that the universal destruction of these weapons did not happen by chance, but was deliberate. Furthermore, the weapons lay in groups of one type, and the shields were pierced by spear points to pin them to the bottom of the bog. Boye’s interpretation of the finds was thus remarkably accurate, because he regarded them as votive offerings of the spoils of war.When Prussian and Austrian troops crossed the Ejder River on 1st February 1864, Boye volunteered within the month and was promoted to lance corporal (fig. 3). In May he was landed to take part in the defence of the island of Als along with the other Danish forces. On his return home in August Boye continued his work at the Museum of Northern Antiquities, but Thomsen’s health was failing, and after a long illness he died on 21st May 1865. The question of who was to succeed Thomsen had long been discussed, and it was indeed Worsaae who was appointed. Although Herbst had been groomed for the job by Thomsen, he found himself outmanouevred. Boye probably already knew by then that he would not be given a position at the Museum. Herbst, his confidant, could no longer help him, and Thomsen’s awareness of his archaeological skills was of no use either. Circumstances thus forced Boye to leave the Museum.Boye’s relationship with the family friend and poet H.C. Andersen resulted in the latter recommending Boye in December 1867 as a Danish tutor to the Brandt family in Amsterdam (fig. 4). On Wednesday 22nd January 1868 Boye departed for Amsterdam via Kiel. During his stay Boye wrote regularly to Andersen, who also travelled to Amsterdam to visit him. His stay in Amsterdam was evidently good for Boye, and contributed to the fact that he never lost his love for archaeology. As early as late August of the same year, Boye travelled to southern Halland in Sweden at the request of Ritmester Peter von Möller, to examine and excavate a large group of barrows known as the Ätterhögar on the Drömmestrup estate, the excavation of which was concluded in early July 1869. Boye thus returned home just in time to take part as a member of the Danish Committee in the International Congress of Archaeology and Anthropology that was held in Copenhagen from 25th August to 5th September. But his love of Schleswig and the old borderland called him, and soon Boye moved permanently to Haderslev to work as a freelance writer on the daily paper Dannevirke under the editorship of H.R. Hiort-Lorenzen.His coverage of the International Congress of Archaeology and Anthropology meeting in Copenhagen is the most extensive of Boye’s writings in Dannevirke. He also wrote a series of articles with a marked archaeological-ethnographic content, for example on the antiquities of Brazil, and the discovery of ­Australia.Although Boye supported himself as a writer for Dannevirke, his main occupation seems rather to have been the investigation of the burial mounds of Schleswig, which before 1864 had only been intermittently examined by amateurs. Boye began an extensive programme, and without his efforts and initiative, knowledge of many Schleswig barrows would have been lost. Although the information he recorded was not particularly satisfactory, in that it was mostly based on the memory of local people, his efforts should be seen as a precursor, because the work of protection went slowly at the time. In his search for lost information, in 1875 Boye considered the barrow at Dybvadgård north of Åbenrå, which had been partially excavated by Prince Carl of Prussia in 1864. During the excavations the Prince’s soldiers found an oak coffin, which was despatched to the Museum für Völkerkunde in Berlin. Boye therefore wrote direct to the Prince, who in reply sent a photograph and description of the coffin. During the next eight years Boye managed to accumulate a great deal of information about the barrows of Schleswig, but his work was not without risk, because several of his “missions” involved evading the Prussian authorities and their power to confiscate the antiquities which Boye from time to time illegally sent to the Museum in Copenhagen.In 1874 the Principal of Herlufsholm School, C. Hall, engaged Vilhelm Boye to organise the school’s collection of antiquities, which had been in store for nearly twenty years. In addition to this reorganisation, funds were also made available for the systematic excavation of a nearby barrow at Grimstrup (fig. 5). The barrow however contained very little, mainly urns full of cremated bone, but the excavation was thoroughly recorded and a series of drawings was produced by R. Bertelsen, the school’s teacher of drawing. After this Boye set to work to display the collection in the six cases that were made available. The greater part of the collection came from the Stone Age, filling no fewer than five cases, giving an impression both of coastal finds from shell middens, and grave finds. The Bronze Age display contained only a few bronzes, but rather more pots. Iron Age artifacts were hardly represented at all, and consisted mostly of whetstones, a bowl-shaped buckle, and a pot burnt black.In November of the same year Boye was working at Herlufsholm, he produced his remarkable work Vejledning til Udgravning af Oldsager og deres foreløbige Behandling [Guide to the Excavation of Antiquities and their Initial Study], published under the auspices of the Society for the Historical-Antiquarian Collection in Århus. Boye’s Guide is the first of its type, and one can clearly detect his close association with Herbst, who had contributed to the scientific content of the work.Boye’s link with the antiquarian collection in Århus had not come about by chance. During his time at the Museum of Northern Antiquities he had early on made contact with the person mainly responsible for the establishment of the Århus collection, Edvard Erslev. Boye joined the museum in 1871, re-arranged the collection, and produced a guide for visitors. For the first time the museum acquired a new and professional look. Boye thus functioned as part of the leadership until 1876, when he gave up his museum post in favour of the schoolteacher Emmerik Høegh-Guldberg. The continued problems facing Dannevirke and Hiort-Lorenzen’s mounting confrontation with the judicial authorities in Flensborg probably caused Boye to consider his position with the newspaper. This culminated with the expulsion of Hiort-Lorenzen, who then took up the post of chief editor of Nationaltidende in Copenhagen. Boye also travelled to Copenhagen in early 1878, and on 15th November the year after he married Mimi Drachmann, sister of the poet Holger Drachmann (fig. 6 ). Not suprisingly, Boye got a job at the Nationaltidende, where he edited the newspaper’s Archaeological and Ethnographic Communications until 1885. In the seven years Boye worked at the paper, no fewer than 150 numbers of the Communications appeared, Boye writing more than 400 pages of them himself. The articles include a multiplicity of archaeological and ethnographic topics such as “Egypt’s Ancient Cultures” and “A Copper Age in Scandinavia”.In 1882 Count Emil Frijs of Frijsenborg commissioned Boye to catalogue and organise his estate’s collection of prehistoric and medieval objects, which came from the area round the lake and castle ruin at Søborg in northern Zealand. Attempts had been made to drain the lake since 1793, and several antiquities had been found at various times during the work. The recording project culminated in the publication of a small book, Fund af Gjenstande fra Oldtiden og Middelalderen i og ved Søborg Sø [Finds of Objects from the Prehistoric and Medieval Periods in and around Søborg Lake], which among other things contains some of the first photographic illustrations of Danish antiquities (fig. 7).Worsaae’s death in 1885 inaugurated a new era, and Herbst was finally able to take over the post of head of the Museum (fig. 8). Boye’s long friendship with Herbst had in the previous years resulted in him becoming a regional inspector for the Museum. Herbst was probably even then considering Boye for a future post in the Museum, and was indicating that he himself could not be overlooked when it became time to nominate a successor to Worsaae. After his appointment to the Museum of Northern Antiquities in 1885, Boye continued his activities as inspector in northern Zealand, and was frequently called when new finds were recovered from Bronze Age barrows.In contrast to Herbst, Boye rapidly fell in with the group of younger workers, particularly Henry Petersen (fig. 9). Over the years they became close friends with a common interest in new finds, as during the excavation of Guldhøj in 1891. Boye had no draftsman at the excavation, but he did have a local photographer who recorded some aspects of the opening of the first oak coffin. These are the first photographs ever to be taken during an excavation, even though photography by then was nothing new (fig. 10).With the reorganising of the National Museum, Boye was made senior assistant of the historical section on 1st April 1892, under Henry Petersen. He was responsible for the Museum’s archive and library, but fieldwork and travels are what particularly characterise his work in these years. When the small Bronze Age barrow on which the Glavendrup rune stone had been erected in 1864 was nearly completely destroyed by ploughing, Boye undertook a restoration of the barrow itself and the associated ship-shaped arrangement of stones in 1892 (fig. 11). The restoration’s outcome was the construction of a new barrow on which was placed the rune stone, and the re-erection of the stones in the ship arrangement.At the same time, chamberlain A. Oxholm undertook a small excavation of the Bronze Age barrow at Tårnholm, and recovered an oak coffin containing the remains of a woman, a fine necklace, a belt plate, and a small bronze dagger. Boye was immediately informed, and in connection with his investigations at Tårnborg was able to go to Tårnholm and lead a new excavation of the barrow, in which A.P. Madsen was also involved, and recover two more oak coffins (fig. 12).If we now consider Boye’s last major work, the publication of the major volume Fund af Egekister fra Bronzealderen i Danmark [Finds of Oak Coffins from the Danish Bronze Age], there are several indications that suggest that Boye began the work with the early intention that its coverage should be wide, and contain his long-term investigations into and knowledge of the country’s oak coffin graves. It is particularly noteworthy that his work as an archaeological journalist and with the Archaeological and Ethnographic Communications seems to have been a kind of precursor to this, as the last chapters contain sections that are clearly derived from his contributions to the Communications. The manuscript was completed in April 1896, and A.P. Madsen prepared for it no fewer than 27 full-page folio sized copperplates. The work was dedicated to “the veterans of Danish archaeology”, C.F. Herbst the museum director, and Japetus Steenstrup, with whom Boye had first collaborated more recently.His many years of a wandering existence and work-related disruptions had however told on him, and soon after the book was published Boye became ill. From his private correspondence from 1896 it emerges that Boye often had insufficient time to be with his nearest and dearest. Despite his illness he travelled one last time to visit relatives at Viken, but his illness worsened and he had to travel rapidly to Lund and on to Copenhagen. Boye died on 22nd September apparently as the result of a stroke, and was buried in Søllerød churchyard north of Copenhagen.Boye’s potential as a researcher was noticed early on by Thomsen, but just as quickly suppressed by Worsaae, who may more or less deliberately have sought to out-manoeuvre his colleague. Boye’s character and energy may have seemed a threat, and although he never finished an academic education he nevertheless displayed a remarkable archaeological acuity, but was unable to bolster his own reputation. Some of the blame for this must rest with the Museum’s aged leaders, who never supported or developed Boye’s evident skills to any great extent. It must also be stressed that some of Boye’s earlier career problems are closely connected to the lack of vision and jealousy of these same leaders. When he departed for Amsterdam Boye had no expectation of a Museum post, but despite this he intelligently kept up his contacts with Copenhagen, particularly with Herbst, knowing full well that Worsaae’s leadership would one day end. This somewhat bold presumption turned out to be correct, and helped his archaeological career.There is no doubt that Boye in his later years tried hard to recover his lost reputation and save his career from the disaster it suffered when he was younger, but the price was high and it also affected his health. We must today recognise that his reputation was restored to the highest level, and we must thank him for the fact that, through him, a uniquely detailed knowledge of the Bronze Age people themselves was preserved for Danish archaeology, as well as of their most prominent contribution to the Danish landscape: the barrows.Anders Otte StensagerInstitut for forhistorisk arkæologiKøbenhavns UniversitetTranslated by Peter Rowley-Conwy

Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). 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O artigo apresenta experiências acadêmicas e museológicas envolvendo as coleções fotográficas do Museu Paulista de São Paulo/Brasil. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar a ligação orgânica existente entre as três áreas constitutivas da prática curatorial: a produção de um sistema documental, a produção de conhecimento na área da cultura visual e a produção de obras dedicadas ao público de um museu de história. Abstract The article presents academic and museological experiments involving the photographic collections of the Paulista Museum of the University of São Paulo/Brazil. Our aim is to demonstrate the organic liaison that there is among the three constitutive curatorship practices: the production of a documental system, the production of knowledge in the area of visual culture and the production of work dedicated to the public of a museum of history. Palavras-chave: Fotografia. Museus de História. Curadoria. Key words: Photography. Museums of history. Curatorship.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this text is to examine some sets of photographs about railway companies in Brazil, in order to highlight the potential of this type of iconographic material, not as artistic documentation but also technological documentation. We deal in particular with a collection of 6,000 photographs gathered by companies such as Companhia Paulista, Companhia Mogiana and Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana, which was deposited in the Museu da Companhia Paulista, in Jundiaí. These images were cataloged in 2014 by the RFFSA Inventory and IPHAN - within the attributions established to them by Law 11483/2007 - and then transferred to the Public Archive of the State of São Paulo. Although some images eventually had aesthetic quality, our first hypothesis is that the main reason for its production seems to have been technical: record of rolling stock or the evolution of construction work; therefore, this would be a routine activity in the companies that would explain the great volume of photographic material still existing. Secondly, we believe that the same material could be dealt with from the historical perspective of the technique and technology as an expression of technical-scientific knowledge and, often, by rules of machine representation and geographical space - although the pictorial tradition is not absent. This would demonstrate a potential for analysis of this type of iconographic material, where an interpretation proposed by the history of technology may not only enrich or complement studies of the history of photography, but also explore the importance of visual representation in technical-scientific knowledge.