Academic literature on the topic 'Photographic theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Photographic theory"
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Tee, Sim-Hui. "Transparency, Photography, and the A-Theory of Time." Problemos 93 (October 22, 2018): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2018.93.11761.
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[full article, abstract in English; only abstract in Lithuanian]
Walton’s thesis of transparency of photographs has spurred much dispute among critics. One of the popular objections is spatial agnosticism, an argument that concerns the inertia of egocentric spatial information vis-a-vis a photograph. In this paper, I argue that spatial agnosticism fails. Spatial agnostics claim, for a wrong reason, that a photographic image cannot carry egocentric spatial information. I argue that it is the disjuncture of the photographic world in which the depicted object situated from the space in which the viewer of the photograph resides that renders the photograph spatially agnostic. It is the timeless photographic world rather than the photographic object that renders egocentric spatial information inert. With this new formulation of spatial agnosticism, I propose that spatial agnosticism needs to be coupled with the temporal dimension (the A-theory of time) in the efforts to refute the thesis of transparency of photographs.
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Browning, Kathy. "Scotland." Diversity of Research in Health Journal 1 (June 21, 2017): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.28984/drhj.v1i0.62.
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I spent 14 days of intensive photographic research taking 10 000 photographs while travelling around the coast of Scotland. This includes the incredible architecture in ancient cities; amazing, magical landscapes of heather shrouded moorlands, expansive glens with grass covered hills and lowlands, and black and red mountains; and magnificent castles. Scotland is a part of my cultural heritage. This series of photographs is a merging of my artistic and academic skills as a visual arts researcher. It is similar to grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) used for my academic research wherein I let Scotland tell me what photographs needed to be taken and my photographic eye knew when to take the photograph from my years of experience as a photographer.
Each of the photographs tells a visual story. As I continuously edited my photographs for months while making files in folders I asked myself: What was my experience of Scotland? How can I represent this experience so that it has the feeling of what each inspiring photograph had when I took the shot? It is a reliving and recreating of experience while working with specialty silver papers and creating triptychs, diptychs and other layouts to photographically tell the stories. These 19-limited edition colour archival quality giclée photographic prints are the result of my photographic Scotland experience. An exhibition is a publication and the exhibition of these photographs is supported by LURF.
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Baker, George. "Sharing Seeing." October 174 (December 2020): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00412.
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In 2007, artist Sharon Lockhart made a large-scale photograph of two young girls reading braille, based on a specific photograph by August Sander from the 1930s made in an institute for blind children. Turning to the widespread iconography of blindness in the history of photography, this essay considers the importance of such images for a larger theory of photographic spectatorship. Lockhart's image of blind children relates to Sander's photograph, but does not duplicate it in all respects; her alteration of the historical image opens onto the larger non-coincidence of vision that photographic seeing instantiates. Ultimately, Lockhart's relational practice of photography-connecting each photograph she makes to prior images, while never fully duplicating or replicating them-provides a model for understanding the relational dynamics of photographic spectatorship. The essay also discusses Paul Strand, Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida, Kaja Silverman's World Spectators, “straight photography,” and Michael Fried.
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Ray, Larry. "Social Theory, Photography and the Visual Aesthetic of Cultural Modernity." Cultural Sociology 14, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975520910589.
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Social theory and photographic aesthetics both engage with issues of representation, realism and validity, having crossed paths in theoretical and methodological controversies. This discussion begins with reflections on the realism debate in photography, arguing that beyond the polar positions of realism and constructivism the photographic image is essentially ambivalent, reflecting the ways in which it is situated within cultural modernity. The discussion draws critically on Simmel’s sociology of the visual to elucidate these issues and compares his concept of social forms and their development with the emergence of the photograph. Several dimensions of ambivalence are elaborated with reference to the politics and aesthetics socially engaged photography in the first half of the 20th century. It presents a case for the autonomy of the photographic as a social form that nonetheless has the potential to point beyond reality to immanent possibilities. The discussion exemplifies the processes of aesthetic formation with reference to the ‘New Vision’ artwork of László Moholy-Nagy and the social realism of Edith Tudor Hart.
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Hess, Scott. "William Wordsworth and Photographic Subjectivity." Nineteenth-Century Literature 63, no. 3 (December 1, 2008): 283–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2008.63.3.283.
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This essay argues that William Wordsworth's poetry constructs a subject position analogous to that of the photographic viewer: hence, a photographic subjectivity. Critics have often read Wordsworth's writing as opposing imagination against visibility and mimetic realism. Many of the visual structures of his poetry, however, continue the structures of the picturesque, whose desire to capture the landscape as framed image culminated in the technology of photography. These structures of perception include the stationed point of view of the observer, focusing the scene from a single location; the tendency to reduce the multisensory, ambient experience of lived environment to pure vision; the separation of the observer from the landscape; and the resulting general disembodiment of that observer. Much of Wordsworth's poetry positions the observer in these ways in order to capture images that can then be viewed in private isolation (as in the ““spots of time””), like a series of internalized photographs. These structures of visuality construct what would emerge, after the invention of photography, as a photographic subjectivity, complementing (rather than opposing) the objectivity of the photographic image. They define the viewing subject, in the manner of photography, as a mobile, seemingly autonomous self in an appropriative relationship to landscape——the paradigm of the modern self, taking a ““view from nowhere”” on a world captured as image. The stability, unity, and autonomy of the Wordsworthian self ultimately depend on these photographic relationships.
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Harrison, Barbara. "Photographic visions and narrative inquiry." Narrative Inquiry 12, no. 1 (September 26, 2002): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.12.1.14har.
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This paper examines the ways in which photographic images can be used in narrative inquiry. After introducing the renewed interest in visual methodology the first section examines the ways in which researchers have utilised the camera or photographic images in research studies that are broadly similar to forms of narrative inquiry such as auto/biography, photographic journals, video diaries and photo-voice. It then draws on the published literature in relation to the author’s own empirical research into everyday photography. Here the extent to which the practices which are part of everyday photography can be seen as forms of story-telling and provide access to both narratives and counter-narratives, are explored. Ideas about memory and identity construction are considered. A critical area of argument centres on the relationship of images to other texts, and asks whether it is possible for photographs to narrate independent of written or oral word. It concludes with some remarks about how photographs can be used in research and as a resource for narrative inquiry. This necessitates a understanding of what it is people do with photographs in everyday life.
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Paradis, James G. "PHOTOGRAPHY AND IRONY: THE SAMUEL BUTLER PHOTOGRAPHY EXHIBITION AT THE TATE BRITAIN." Victorian Literature and Culture 33, no. 1 (March 2005): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150305230863.
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AN EXHIBITION of Samuel Butler's photography in Gallery Sixteen, an elegant rotunda room just off the entrance to the Tate Britain, offered a rare opportunity to see some of the photography of the author of Erewhon and to contemplate how Victorian photographic realism fares in the setting of a modern museum. The exhibition, celebrating the centenary of Butler's death, ran from November 2002 to May 2003 and was made up of thirty-five framed photographs, some of them digitally touched up by Dudley Simons, and an assortment of photobooks and editions of Butler's self-illustrated volumes. It was developed by Tate curator Richard Humphreys and Butler scholar Elinor Shaffer, with the support of librarian Mark Nicholls from St. John's College at Cambridge, which houses most of Butler's extensive photographic work in its special collections. Titled “Samuel Butler and the Ignorant Eye,” after Shaffer's notion in her Erewhons of the Eye: Samuel Butler as Painter, Photographer, and Art Critic (1988) that Butler's photography renders “the eye of the viewer … ignorant and open” (229), the black-and-white secularism of Butler's work offered a startling change in imagery from the intense colorism of “Rossetti and Medievalism,” the exhibit that preceded it in Gallery sixteen.
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Brown, Terry M. "Transcending the colonial gaze: Empathy, agency and community in the South Pacific photography of John Watt Beattie1." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00035_1.
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For three months in 1906, John Watt Beattie, the noted Australian photographer – at the invitation of the Anglican Bishop of Melanesia, Cecil Wilson – travelling on the church vessel the Southern Cross, photographed people and sites associated with the Melanesian Mission on Norfolk Island and present-day Vanuatu and Solomon Islands. Beattie reproduced many of the 1500-plus photographs from that trip, which he sold in various formats from his photographic studio in Hobart, Tasmania. The photographs constitute a priceless collection of Pacific images that began to be used very quickly in a variety of publications, with or without attribution. I shall examine some of these photographs in the context of the ethos of the Melanesian Mission, British colonialism in the Solomon Islands, and Beattie’s previous photographic experience. I shall argue that Beattie first exhibited a colonial gaze of objectifying his dehumanized exotic subjects (e.g. as ‘savages’ and ‘cannibals’) but with increased familiarity with them, became empathetic and admiring. In this change of attitude, I argue that he effectively transcended his colonial gaze to produce photographs of great empathy, beauty and longevity. At the same time, he became more critical of the colonial enterprise in the Pacific, whether government, commercial or church.
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Ijuin, Takayuki. "Michelangelo Antonioni’s Blow-Up as Abstract Art Theory." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 19 (September 15, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i19.307.
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As is well known, Blow-Up (1966) directed by Michelangelo Antonioni is based on Julio Cortázar’s short story; “Las babas del diablo” (1959). In literary terms, it is very difficult to find similarities between both works, except in their outlines. Many critics, therefore, thought Blow-Up was Antonioni’s own film with no special connection with “Las babas del diablo”. But we should focus on the common outlines of the two. Both deal with ‘vision’. The change of seeing through a viewfinder to seeing through a photographic print gives the protagonists a daydream-like experience.Cortázar was not only a writer but also an amateur photographer, and Antonioni a film director. If both auteurs reveal their interest in ‘vison’ in their works, we can say that Antonioni follows Cortázar regarding this theme and further develops it through his use of abstract paintings. Antonioni was concerned with differences between the vision of the naked eye and photographic vision, and with similarities between the photographic vision and abstract painting. So, what is Antonioni’s understanding of vision?I think there is a key to resolve this question in Blow-Up itself. One can focus on not only the change of the protagonist’s behavior in following the story’s development, but also on photographs, abstract paintings, and landscape paintings that appear in the film. Then we would find the possibility that Antonioni thinks photographs and pointillist paintings are based on the same principle; the retinal mesh-like structure. Article received: April 10, 2019; Article accepted: June 5, 2019; Published online: September 15, 2019; Original scholarly paperHow to cite this article: Ijuin, Takayuki. "Michelangelo Antonioni’s Blow-Up as Abstract Art Theory." Art and Media Studies 19 (2019): 59-68. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i19.307
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Moosavian, Rebecca. "Stealing ‘souls’? Article 8 and photographic intrusion." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 69, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v69i4.190.
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In Article 8 ECHR privacy right jurisprudence, photographs are deemed distinct forms of information that are particularly intrusive in nature. This article is concerned with explaining why this is so. Part 1 examines the notion of ‘intrusion’ itself. It argues that ‘intrusion’ functions as a legal metaphor and plays an important role in constructing a binary between an outer self presented to the world and a ‘spiritual’, emotional interior that privacy purports to protect from transgression. Part 2 argues that this ‘spiritual intrusion’ metaphor is influential in the continental personality right that informs the ECtHR’s approach to Article 8 protection for photographed individuals. This leads to potentially stronger protection for image, including a basic Article 8 right to control one’s image. Yet there is a divergence of approach in the English courts, where personality theory has limited influence; here there is traditional scepticism towards an image right and photographic capture is largely neglected. Part 3 argues that photography becomes a relevant factor at publication stage, where courts agree that the distinctive features of the medium may cause or exacerbate intrusion. This is because photography creates a permanent, infinitely replicable ‘truthful’ record of the individual’s image that can be disseminated to the objectifying gaze of a mass audience. But the medium also leads viewers to overlook its inherent complexities and ambiguities. Ultimately, Article 8 jurisprudence, particularly in the ECtHR, occasionally adopts reasoning that contains echoes of the ‘photographs steal souls’ mythology.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Photographic theory"
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Li, Shyi-Shyang. "Comparing the ability of subjective quality factor and information theory to predict image quality /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11880.
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Culhane, Dylan. "Bumper to bumper: photographing across the class divide in post-apartheid South Africa. A photographic essay and analysis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12000.
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Includes bibliographical references.The eponymous collection of 64 photographs accompanying this text constitutes the creative research component of my M.A. in Media Theory & Practice. I chose to photograph the men (and to a lesser but nonetheless significant degree women) that we see being transported in bakkies and trucks on our roads on a daily basis, compiling a photographic essay engineered to provoke contemplation of current societal discrepancies.
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Câmara, Fernanda Dália Moniz da. "Olhar a fotografia-um lugar onde a ausência se faz presença." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- -Universidade Aberta, 1994. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29920.
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Shanks, Sarah M. "Re:Visions : A Mother's Secondary Images." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1417785128.
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Perry, Shannon. "The Eastman Kodak Co. and the Canadian Kodak Co. Ltd : re-structuring the Canadian photographic industry, c.1885-1910." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/13060.
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Within the accepted historiography of photography, the importance of George Eastman and the Eastman Kodak Company (EKC) has become unassailable. They have been placed as the key, and often sole, agent in “revolutionizing” the amateur photography market in the late nineteenth century. While the photographic landscape and market of 1885-1914 was indeed radically altered, the historiographical dominance of what can be identified as the “Kodak story” has obscured the means through which EKC’s successful re-structuring of the existing manufacturing and distribution networks of photographic materials occurred. I argue that the changes effected by Eastman and the EKC began not with imaging desires, but with their acknowledgment, and profound understanding of the existing and competing interests within the photographic industry. This thesis focuses on the EKC’s re-structuring of the extant and evolving communities involved in the manufacturing and distribution of photographic materials in Canada between 1885-1910. Focusing particularly on the period immediately surrounding the establishment of the Canadian Kodak Co. Limited in 1899, I demonstrate the re-structuring processes at work, including: market and financial diversification; governmental lobbying; purchase and mergers; and other business and marketing-based strategies. I frame my theoretical positions and analysis of network re-structuring through the experiences of Ottawa professional photographer and photographic business owner William James Topley (active 1868-1907), and CKCoLtd manager John Garrison Palmer (active 1886-1921). Topley and Garrison’s professional experiences and interactions with expanded communities of photographic consumers and industry participants provide an opportunity for specific and detailed findings which challenge understandings of the evolution of the practice of photography during this transitional period. In doing so, I provide evidence of the primary role network re-structuring played in the EKC’s ability to shape the wider international photographic industry to their advantage in the early twentieth century.
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Herrerias, Cuevas Vesta Mónica. "Le masque social ou la representation de la bourgeoisie mexicaine dans le portait photographique (1854-2008)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030058.
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Loin de la dénonciation sociale ou d’un exercice strictement historique, le présent travail cherche à comprendre comment se construit l’image du personnage bourgeois à travers l’étude de portraits de la bourgeoisie mexicaine entre 1854 et 2008. Le concept de masque permet de rendre compte du portrait en tant que construction d’un modèle de représentation sociale. La première partie propose un aperçu général des origines et de l’évolution du portrait pictural, de son influence sur le portrait photographique, des conséquences des idées humanistes sur l’art, enfin de l’histoire de la bourgeoisie mexicaine et du portrait photographique bourgeois au Mexique. La deuxième partie s’intéresse au phénomène de la carte-de-visite en tant que source et modèle du portrait photographique de la bourgeoisie mexicaine, avant d’examiner la question de la figure : l’interprétation de la pose et du visage en tant qu’éléments constitutifs de la construction d’une identité sociale. La troisième partie étudie le fond, c'est-à-dire les différents espaces dans lesquels le personnage bourgeois se fait photographier, les objets qui l’entourent et son rapport à eux. Cette recherche s’appuie sur les contributions théoriques de philosophes, d’écrivains, d’historiens et de photographes tels qu’André Adolphe Eugène Disdéri, Joan Foncuberta, Geoffrey Batchen, Octavio Paz, Carlos Monsiváis, Celso Sánchez Capdequí, Pierre Francastel, Christian Phéline, E. H. Gombrich, Gilles Lipovetsky, Gillo Dorfles, Graham Clarke, Jacques Aumont, Jean Sagne, Jean-Luc Nancy, Michel Frizot, Philippe Dubois, John Berger, Hermann Broch, Umberto Eco, Roland Barthes, Tzvetan Todorov, Michel Foucault, Susan Sontag, Walter Benjamin. Parmi les photographes mexicains abordés dans cette étude, l’on citera les frères Valleto, Cruces et Campa, les Archives Casasola, Nacho López, Héctor García, Pedro Meyer, Daniela Rossell et Ivonne VenegasFar from social condemnation or a strictly historic review, this work seeks to understand the construction of the bourgeois personage through the study of Mexican bourgeoisie portraits between 1854 and 2008. The “mask” concept allows us to explain the portrait as the construction of a model of social representation. Part I offers an overview of the origin and evolution of the pictorial portrait and its influence on the photographic portrait, as well as the consequences of humanist ideas on art, the history of Mexican bourgeoisie and the bourgeois photographic portrait in Mexico. Part II analyses the carte-de-visite phenomenon as origin and model for the photographic portrait of the Mexican bourgeoisie, to later study the figure, the interpretation of posture, stance and facial expression as components of the construction of social identity. Part III studies depth: different spaces where the bourgeois character is photographed, the objects around him and his relation to them. Taken into account are the theoretical contributions of philosophers, writers, historians, and photographers, like André Adolphe Eugène Disdéri, Joan Foncuberta, Geoffrey Batchen, Octavio Paz, Carlos Monsiváis, Celso Sánchez Capdequí, Pierre Francastel, Christian Phéline, E. H. Gombrich, Gilles Lipovetsky, Gillo Dorfles, Graham Clarke, Jacques Aumont, Jean Sagne, Jean-Luc Nancy, Michel Frizot, Philippe Dubois, John Berger, Hermann Broch, Umberto Eco, Roland Barthes, Tzvetan Todorov, Michel Foucault, Susan Sontag, Walter Benjamin. Among the Mexican photographers studied are the Valleto brothers, Cruces y Campa, the Casasola Archive, Nacho López, Héctor García, Pedro Meyer, Daniela Rossell and Ivonne Venegas
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McNary, Erin L. "Using the social cognitive theory of mass communication an examination of article and photographic content of a youth sport magazine from 1989-2008 /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380111.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 14, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4508. Adviser: Paul M. Pedersen.
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Sasián, José. "Joseph Petzval lens design approach." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627184.
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Shanks, Sarah M. "The Memory Yields: B.F.A. Thesis Exhibition." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1401583720.
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Baptista, Maria Emília Moreira Tavares Samora. "João Martins (1898-1972)-imagens de um tempo "descritivo desolador"." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29482.
Full textBooks on the topic "Photographic theory"
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Photographic sensitivity: Theory and mechanisms. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
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Current, Ira. Photographic color printing: Theory and technique. Boston: Focal Press, 1987.
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Current, Ira B. Photographic color printing: Theory and technique. Boston: Focal Press, 1987.
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Photography: History and theory. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012.
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Beckett, Stephen L. Theory of the gum dichromate photographic process: History and technique. [Derby: University of Derby], 1993.
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Heidtmann, Frank. Bibliographie der Photographie: Deutschsprachige Publikationen der Jahre 1839-1984 : Technik, Theorie, Bild = Bibliography of German-language photographic publications, 1839-1984 : technology, theory, visual. 2nd ed. München: Saur, 1989.
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Benjamin, Barthes, and the singularity of photography. New York: Continuum, 2012.
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Bill, Anthes, ed. Reframing photography: Theory and practice. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.
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Durden, Mark, and Jane Tormey, eds. The Routledge Companion to Photography Theory. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315727998.
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Glendinning, Peter. Color photography: History, theory, and darkroom technique. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Photographic theory"
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Steiner, Shep. "Five versions of the photographic act." In The Routledge Companion to Photography Theory, 113–27. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315727998-8.
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Elo, Mika. "Photographic apparatus in the era of tagshot culture." In The Routledge Companion to Photography Theory, 356–70. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315727998-24.
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Medcalf, Alexander. "Railway Advertising: Theory and Practice 1900–1939." In Railway Photographic Advertising in Britain, 1900-1939, 35–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70857-7_2.
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Anderson, W. J. "Probabilistic Models of the Photographic Process." In Advances in the Statistical Sciences: Applied Probability, Stochastic Processes, and Sampling Theory, 9–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4786-3_2.
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Bachner, Andrea. "Stings of Visibility." In The Mark of Theory. Fordham University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823277476.003.0004.
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This chapter shifts its focus to the ways in which media studies uses inscription by probing the imaginary at work in theoretical and artistic conceptualizations of visual media, especially photography. By tracing the vicissitudes of Peirce’s concept of indexicality in theories of visuality, it discusses how descriptions of the photographic act as a process of impression mediated by light have turned into metaphors of reception in which the luminous imprint of the photograph is “translated” into a violent contact with she who looks at a photograph. As this chapter investigates the various ways in which reflections on photography and poststructuralist theories of the image flatten and “translate” the material traces that produce the visual object in order to focus on its impact—figurative stings of visibility that point from the image to a viewer—it offers two literary and artistic counterpoints, two examples of the interaction of photography and text in the context of Chilean post-dictatorship art and literature, Diamela Eltit’s Lumpérica and Guadalupe Santa Cruz’s Quebrada.
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Rowlands, D. Andrew. "Color Theory." In Field Guide to Photographic Science. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2542355.ch52.
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Nail, Thomas. "The Modern Image, I." In Theory of the Image, 262–92. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190924034.003.0014.
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The argument in this chapter and the next is that the aesthetic field during the modern period is defined by an elastic and differential regime of motion. These two chapters marshal support for this thesis by looking closely at major arts of the modern age: steel, photographic image, and the novel in Chapter 13, and meter, the action arts, and molecular arts in the next chapter. Although empirically quite different and distributed over hundreds of years, each follows a similar kinetic pattern or regime. This chapter looks at the way in which steel architecture, photography, and the novel move elastically by expanding and contracting and open series of frames (steel frames, photographic frames, and print frames).
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Rowlands, D. Andrew. "Linear Systems Theory." In Field Guide to Photographic Science. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2542355.ch108.
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Rowlands, D. Andrew. "Equivalence Theory: Practice." In Field Guide to Photographic Science. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2542355.ch125.
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Rowlands, D. Andrew. "Lens Bokeh: Theory." In Field Guide to Photographic Science. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2542355.ch26.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Photographic theory"
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"UNDERSTANDING PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION THROUGH DATA-DRIVEN APPROACHES." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002842104250430.
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Symons, Digby D., and Arnaud F. M. Bizard. "Measurement of Film Thickness for Continuous Fluid Flow Within a Spinning Cone." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20129.
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This paper reports experimental measurements of film thickness for continuous fluid flow within a spinning cone. The results are compared to analytical theory for thin film flow and found to be in good agreement. Spinning cones are used in various industrial process machines, including spinning cone distillation columns, centrifugal film evaporators and continuous centrifugal filters. In each case a fluid is fed continuously into the centre of a conical vessel which spins about a vertical axis with the cone apex pointing downwards. The fluid acquires the angular velocity of the cone and migrates up the internal wall of the cone under centrifugal force. Knowledge of the film thickness and flow velocity is often important in order to understand other performance parameters of the process such as evaporation or filtration rates. This paper aims to aid the design of new process machines by providing a mathematical model for film thickness that is validated by experimental results. Experiments have been conducted in which the angle of cone, angular velocity and input flow rate were all varied. Film thickness measurements were obtained via a novel optical method based on photographing the displacement of a projected grid on the surface of the flow within the cone. The method has the advantages of not disturbing the flow in any way and can provide thickness measurements over the whole cone depth. Measurements are also made insensitive to any transients by use of relatively long photographic exposures. Measurements are compared to analytical theory for axisymmetric, steady state, free-surface laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in a spinning cone. The theory assumes the flow is thin but takes account of gravity. The theoretical model is found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Gold, Vladimir M. "Numerical Modeling of Fragmentation Characteristics of Explosive Fragmentation Munitions." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1150.
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Numerical simulations of explosive fragmentation munitions presented in this work integrate three-dimensional axisymmetric hydrocode analyses with analytical fragmentation modeling. The developed analytical fragmentation model is based on the Mott’s theory of break-up of cylindrical “ring-bombs” (Mott, 1947), in which the average length of fragments is a function of the radius and velocity of the ring at the moment of break-up, and the mechanical properties of the metal. The fundamental assumption of the model is that the fragmentation occurs instantly throughout the entire body of the shell. Adopting Mott’s critical fracture strain concept (Mott, 1947), the moment of the shell break-up is identified in terms of the high explosive detonation products volume expansions, V/V0. The assumed fragmentation time determined from the high-speed photographic data of Pearson (1990) had been approximately three volume expansions, the fragmentation being defined as the instant at which the detonation products first appear as they emanate from the fractures in the shell. The newly developed computational technique is applied to both the natural and preformed explosive fragmentation munitions problems. Considering relative simplicity of the model, the accuracy of the prediction of fragment spray experimental data is rather remarkable.
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Georgiev, Todor, and Andrew Lumsdaine. "Theory and methods of lightfield photography." In ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2009 Courses. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1665817.1665835.
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Bodoh, Dan J. "Making the Most of the Internet for Failure Analysis." In ISTFA 1998. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1998p0323.
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Abstract The growth of the Internet over the past four years provides the failure analyst with a new media for communicating his results. The new digital media offers significant advantages over analog publication of results. Digital production, distribution and storage of failure analysis results reduces copying costs and paper storage, and enhances the ability to search through old analyses. When published digitally, results reach the customer within minutes of finishing the report. Furthermore, images on the computer screen can be of significantly higher quality than images reproduced on paper. The advantages of the digital medium come at a price, however. Research has shown that employees can become less productive when replacing their analog methodologies with digital methodologies. Today's feature-filled software encourages "futzing," one cause of the productivity reduction. In addition, the quality of the images and ability to search the text can be compromised if the software or the analyst does not understand this digital medium. This paper describes a system that offers complete digital production, distribution and storage of failure analysis reports on the Internet. By design, this system reduces the futzing factor, enhances the ability to search the reports, and optimizes images for display on computer monitors. Because photographic images are so important to failure analysis, some digital image optimization theory is reviewed.
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De Sola, Ignacio Sifre, Nieves Pérez-Mata, and Margarita Diges. "THE EFFECT OF THE INSTRUCTIONS ON FACE RECOGNITION: ACCURACY AND EYE MOVEMENTS." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact104.
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"The present experiment examines how instructions (absolute judgement vs. relative judgement) affect the performance in simultaneous lineups (present perpetrator and absent perpetrator). To find out whether the participants really followed the instructions, their eye movements were recorded when they faced the photo lineup. Sixty participants (44 women and 16 men) took part in the experiment. Overall, the results showed that participants with absolute judgement instructions made significantly less inter-photograph comparisons than those with relative judgement instructions. In the present perpetrator lineup, hit rate was lower for participants with absolute judgement instructions than with relative judgement instructions. In the absent perpetrator lineup, no differences were between both instruction conditions. Furthermore, as was expected, no relationship was found between “pre” and “post” confidence and accuracy in the lineups. Moreover, we examined participants’ metamemory evaluations about their examination pattern of the photographs in the lineup. Our results did not show high incongruity between the own participants’ judgment and their visual behavior."
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Hongxun, Song, and Chen Junren. "Theory Of High-Speed Stereophotogrammetry." In 18th Intl Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics, edited by DaHeng Wang. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.969210.
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Magnusson, Jannes, Ahmed Afifi, Shengjia Zhang, Andreas Ley, and Olaf Hellwich. "Synthesizing Fundus Photographies for Training Segmentation Networks." In 2nd International Conference on Deep Learning Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010618100670078.
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Esmaeelpanah, J., A. Dalili, S. Chandra, J. Mostaghimi, H. C. Fan, and H. Kuo. "Interactions Between High-Viscosity Droplets Deposited on a Surface: Experiments and Simulations." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72068.
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A combined numerical and experimental investigation of coalescence of droplets of highly viscous liquids dropped on a surface has been carried out. Droplets of 87 wt% glycerin-in-water solutions with viscosity 110 centistokes were deposited sequentially in straight lines onto a flat, solid steel plate and droplet impact photographed. Impacting droplets spread on the surface until liquid surface tension and viscosity overcame inertial forces and the droplets recoiled, eventually reaching equilibrium. Droplet center-to-center distance was varied and droplet line length was measured from photographs. As droplet spacing was increased there was less interaction between the droplets. A three dimensional parallel code has been developed to simulate fluid flow and free surface interaction by solving the continuity, momentum and volume-of-fluid (VOF) equations. The two-step projection method was employed to solve the governing equations for the whole domain including both liquid and air phases. The continuum-surface-force (CSF) scheme was applied to model surface tension and the piecewise-linear-interface-construction (PLIC) technique used to reconstruct the free surface. Computer generated images of impacting droplets modeled droplet shape evolution correctly and compared well with photographs taken during experiments. Accurate predictions were obtained for droplet line length during spreading and at equilibrium.
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Rodden, Kerry. "How Do People Organise Their Photographs?" In 21st Annual BCS-IRSG Colloquium on IR. BCS Learning & Development, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/irsg1999.12.
Full textReports on the topic "Photographic theory"
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Tooker, Megan, and Adam Smith. Historic landscape management plan for the Fort Huachuca Historic District National Historic Landmark and supplemental areas. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41025.
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The U.S. Congress codified the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) to provide guidelines and requirements for preserving tangible elements of our nation’s past. This preservation was done primarily through creation of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which contains requirements for federal agencies to address, inventory, and evaluate their cultural resources, and to determine the effect of federal undertakings on properties deemed eligible or potentially eligible for the NRHP. This work inventoried and evaluated the historic landscapes within the National Landmark District at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. A historic landscape context was developed; an inventory of all landscapes and landscape features within the historic district was completed; and these landscapes and features were evaluated using methods established in the Guidelines for Identifying and Evaluating Historic Military Landscapes (ERDC-CERL 2008) and their significance and integrity were determined. Photographic and historic documentation was completed for significant landscapes. Lastly, general management recommendations were provided to help preserve and/or protect these resources in the future.
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Vas, Dragos, Steven Peckham, Carl Schmitt, Martin Stuefer, Ross Burgener, and Telayna Wong. Ice fog monitoring near Fairbanks, AK. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40019.
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Ice fog events, which occur during the Arctic winter, result in greatly decreased visibility and can lead to an increase of ice on roadways, aircraft, and airfields. The Fairbanks area is known for ice fog conditions, and previous studies have shown these events to be associated with moisture released from local power generation. Despite the identified originating mechanism of ice fog, there remains a need to quantify the environmental conditions controlling its origination, intensity, and spatial extent. This investigation focused on developing innovative methods of identifying and characterizing the environmental conditions that lead to ice fog formation near Fort Wainwright, Alaska. Preliminary data collected from December 2019 to March 2020 suggest that ice fog events occurred with temperatures below −34°C, up to 74% of the time ice fog emanated from the power generation facility, and at least 95% of ice particles during ice fog events were solid droxtals with diameters ranging from 7 to 50 μm. This report documents the need for frequent and detailed observations of the meteorological conditions in combination with photographic and ice particle observations. Datasets from these observations capture the environmental complexity and the impacts from energy generation in extremely cold weather conditions.
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Tabinskyy, Yaroslav. VISUAL CONCEPTS OF PHOTO IN THE MEDIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF «UKRAINER» AND «REPORTERS»). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11099.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the main forms of visualization in the media related to photo. The thematic visual concepts are described in accordance with the content of electronic media, which consider the impact of modern technologies on the development of media space. The researches of the Ukrainian and foreign educational institutions concerning the main features of modern photo is classificate. Modifications and new visual forms in the media are singled out. The main objective of the article is to study the visual concepts of modern photo and identify ideological and thematic priorities in photo projects. To achieve the main objective in the article a certain methodology were used. Due to the historical-theoretical description it was possible to substantiate the study of visual concepts. The conceptual-system method was used to study the subject of media photo projects. The main results of the research are the definition of visual concepts of photo on the example of electronic media and the identification of the main thematic features in the process of visual filling of the media space. Based on the study, we can conclude that today the information field needs quality visual content. For successful creation of visual concepts it is necessary to single out thematic features of modern photo and to carry out classifications on ideological and semantic signs. Given the rapid development of digital technologies, the topic of the scientific article we offer is relevant for scientists, journalists, media researchers, visual journalism experts and photojournalists. Modern space is filled with a large number of pictorial materials, which in most cases form specific images, patterns or stereotypes in the mind of the reader (viewer). Also important is the classification of photo used in journalistic publications. That is why there is a need to explore the content and principles of distribution of ideological priorities of photo in the media. The substantiation of scientists about the important place of photography in the modern media space and the future development of visual technologies, which already use artificial intelligence, is relevant.
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.
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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.
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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...