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Journal articles on the topic 'Photographic mechanics'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 September 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Higgins, Sean. "An Early Photographic View of Auckland." Back Story Journal of New Zealand Art, Media & Design History, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/backstory.vi4.2.

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An ambrotype photographic view of Auckland presents one of the earliest extant photographs of the urban landscape in the city. As a rare example of a landscape presented as a cased image it marks an early scenic view that would be repeated in later technology. Identification and supporting evidence dates the cased photograph to circa 1857. Of the photographers working in Auckland at that time two primary candidates for the creation of this work are discussed, Hartley Webster and John Nicol Crombie with the argument that the former is the most likely. Several other photographic views from 1858 to 1859 are shown as examples of known early landscape photographs of Auckland. One in particular shows a wider view taken from a similar point on Constitution Hill looking across to Mechanics Bay and Parnell.

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2

Meyer, M. L., and C. L. Mehrotra. "Photographic evaluation techniques in photoelasticity-Part 1." Strain 22, no. 2 (May 1986): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.1986.tb00593.x.

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3

Meyer, M. L., and L. Mehrotra. "Photographic evaluation techniques in photoelasticity-Part 2." Strain 22, no. 3 (August 1986): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.1986.tb00609.x.

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4

Susanto, Andreas Arie. "Fotografi adalah Seni: Sanggahan terhadap Analisis Roger Scruton mengenai Keabsahan Nilai Seni dari Sebuah Foto." Journal of Urban Society's Arts 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v4i1.1484.

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Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyanggah argumentasi Roger Scruton mengenai keabsahan nilai seni dari sebuah foto. Scruton berpendapat bahwa fotografi bukanlah karya seni. Fotografi hanyalah sebuah tindakan mekanis dalam menghasilkan suatu gambar, bukan representasi melainkan hanyalah peristiwa kausal, bukan gambaran imajinasi, tetapi hanya kopian. Fotografi mengandaikan adanya kemudahan dalam penciptaan seni. Pernyataan Scruton semakin dikuatkan dengan fenomena perkembangan teknologi yang sudah melupakan sisi estetis dan hanya berpasrah sepenuhnya pada tindakan mesin. Penekanan berlebihan terhadap keunggulan reduplikasi, proses instan, dan otomatisasi fotografi membuat fotografi kehilangan tempatnya di dunia seni. Akan tetapi, persoalan seni adalah persoalan rasa. Fotografi tetaplah sebuah seni dengan melihat adanya relasi intensional yang tercipta antara objek dan seorang fotografer dalam sebuah foto. Relasi intensional ini tercermin dalam proses, imajinasi, dan kreativitas fotografer di dalam menghasilkan sebuah foto. Lukisan dan fotografi adalah seni menurut rasanya masing-masing. Photography is an Art: A Disaproval towards Roger Scruton's Analysis on the Legitimacy of Art Value of a Photograph. This paper aims to disprove Roger Scruton's argument about the validity of the artistic value of a photograph. Scruton argues that photography is not a work of art. Photography is simply a mechanical action in producing a picture, not a representation but merely a causal event, not an imaginary image, but only a copy. Photography presupposes the ease of art creation. Scruton's statement is further reinforced by the phenomenon of technological development that has forgotten the aesthetic side and only entirely devoted to the action of the machine. The excessive emphasis on the benefits of reduplication, instant processing, and photographic automation makes photography lose its place in the art world. However, the issue of art is a matter of taste. Photography remains an art by seeing the intense relationships created between an object and a photographer in a photograph. This intense relationship is reflected in the process, imagination, and creativity of the photographer in producing a photograph. Painting and photography are arts according to their own taste.

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5

Campos, J. B. L. M., and J. R. F. Guedes De Carvalho. "An experimental study of the wake of gas slugs rising in liquids." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 196 (November 1988): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112088002599.

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A photographic study of the wakes of slugs rising in tubes of 19 mm and 52 mm internal diameter is presented. The dependence of the flow pattern in the wake upon the Reynolds number of the rising slug, R, is established for different slug lengths. Values of R covered in this study are in the range 25 to 1.3 × 104. For low values of R the flow pattern in the wake is laminar and axisymmetric and values of wake length and wake volume could be determined from the photographs: these values were correlated with the other variables in the system by means of dimensional analysis.

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6

Collicott, Steven H. "Diffraction efficiencies of speckle patterns recorded on photographic film." Experimental Mechanics 32, no. 1 (March 1992): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02317982.

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7

Pierce, Kathleen. "Photograph as Skin, Skin as Wax: Indexicality and the Visualisation of Syphilis in Fin-de-Siècle France The William Bynum Prize Essay." Medical History 64, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 116–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2019.79.

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In early twentieth-century France, syphilis and its controversial status as a hereditary disease reigned as a chief concern for physicians and public health officials. As syphilis primarily presented visually on the surface of the skin, its study fell within the realms of both dermatologists and venereologists, who relied heavily on visual evidence in their detection, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. Thus, in educational textbooks, atlases, and medical models, accurately reproducing the visible signposts of syphilis – the colour, texture, and patterns of primary chancres or secondary rashes – was of preeminent importance. Photography, with its potential claims to mechanical objectivity, would seem to provide the logical tool for such representations.Yet photography’s relationship to syphilographie warrants further unpacking. Despite the rise of a desire for mechanical objectivity charted in the late nineteenth century, artist-produced, three-dimensional, wax-cast moulages coexisted with photographs as significant educational tools for dermatologists; at times, these models were further mediated through photographic reproduction in texts. Additionally, the rise of phototherapy complicated this relationship by fostering the clinical equation of the light-sensitive photographic plate with the patient’s skin, which became the photographic record of disease and successful treatment. This paper explores these complexities to delineate a more nuanced understanding of objectivity vis-à-vis photography and syphilis. Rather than a desire to produce an unbiased image, fin-de-siècle dermatologists marshalled the photographic to exploit the verbal and visual rhetoric of objectivity, authority, and persuasion inextricably linked to culturally constructed understandings of the photograph. This rhetoric was often couched in the Peircean concept of indexicality, which physicians formulated through the language of witness, testimony, and direct connection.

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8

Miller, R. S. "Photographic Observations of Bubble Formation in Flashing Nozzle Flow." Journal of Heat Transfer 107, no. 4 (November 1, 1985): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3247500.

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Visual observations have been made of bubble growth in the nucleation region of flashing flow of initially subcooled water in a converging-diverging nozzle. Experiments performed under various flow rates, saturation temperatures, turbulence levels, noncondensable gas content, and artificial nucleation sites failed to produce isolated spherical bubbles of the size or density predicted by common bubble nucleation and growth models. Heterogeneous nucleation in the bulk flow was never observed and it is concluded from bubble growth rates that the role of convection in the heat and mass transfer environment of the bubbles is an important consideration in the physics of flashing flows near the nucleation region.

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9

Ram, A. Tulsi. "Archival preservation of photographic films—A perspective." Polymer Degradation and Stability 29, no. 1 (January 1990): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(90)90019-4.

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10

McManus, Karla. "Objective Landscapes: The Mediated Evidence of Repeat Photography." reproduire, no. 17 (September 8, 2011): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1005751ar.

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Repeat photography, which involves re-photographing a location from the same vantage point, has become a common method to document the changes occurring in the landscape. Artists, ecologists, geologists and anthropologists alike have employed this practice. What unites these disciplines across great ideological and cultural distances is their understanding of photography as a truthful witness to the passage of time. This position places great value on the mechanical observation of the camera and the objectivity of the photographer. The article focuses on one example of this practice: the Rocky Mountain Repeat Photography Project, an academic research project, illustrates the complexities inherent in claiming photography, or the photographer, as a neutral observer free of ideological and cultural concerns.

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11

Jones, J. C., T. Noonan, and M. Riordan. "Combined Photographic and Gravimetric Evidence of the Destructive Potential of Fire." Journal of Fire Sciences 23, no. 3 (May 2005): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904105052256.

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12

Tavakol, Reza. "The time(s) of the photographed." Philosophy of Photography 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pop_00015_1.

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The relationship between the photographic and optical images and time has been the subject of great deal of debate. Despite their differences, what many of these considerations have in common is their focus on the receiver, whether mechanical (the camera), biological (the eye‐brain as the optical receiver), social or the memory and imagination of the observer. My aim here is to shift the emphasis from the receiver to the object or vista that is photographed or viewed and to explore how the constraints implied by our modern understanding of the Universe, concerning space and time, impact on the way we perceive photographic and optical images. Viewed from this perspective, photographs can be treated as light projections of sections of the four-dimensional observable world onto two-dimensional spatial photographic or viewing surfaces. I shall show that despite the severe reduction that such projections imply, these modern considerations have the important consequence of bestowing a complex temporality upon optical images, including photographs. This realization dramatically changes the way we view photographs. I give examples of this rich temporality through considerations of terrestrial images ‐ and more significantly images of the Sky, where these temporal effects are far more pronounced.

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13

Min Htet, Nyan Min Htet, and Igor Valentinovich Volkov. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE DIFFRACTION EFFICIENCY OF SPECKLE INTERFEROGRAMS BY SELECTING A METHOD OF MANIFESTATION AND DEVELOPER FOR PRACTICAL USE IN EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS." Computational nanotechnology 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2019-6-2-11-15.

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This article presents a qualitatively new developed technology of out-of-band registration of speckle holograms in the study of deformations in the concentration zone on samples with holes. Summary. One of the most important aspects of speckle-holographic interferometry is the quality of the resulting speckle-hologram, which largely determines its diffraction efficiency. In this case, the improvement of diffraction efficiency in solving practical problems is carried out through the selection of the developer of photographic plates, the installation of a certain exposure time and the choice of methods for processing photographic plates. However, in practice, there are often problems of obtaining the maximum diffraction efficiency of holograms. We made a choice of developer, exposure time, as well as methods of photo processing of speckle holograms in colliding beams in the process of practical experiment. Practical significance. The technology of out-of-band registration of speckle holograms described in the article can be used in the process of research of SSS of full-scale aircraft structures in areas of stress concentration, as well as their detection during industrial full-scale tests.

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14

Bai, Li-xin, Wei-lin Xu, Zhong Tian, and Nai-wen Li. "A High-Speed Photographic Study of Ultrasonic Cavitation Near Rigid Boundary." Journal of Hydrodynamics 20, no. 5 (October 2008): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(08)60106-7.

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15

Christodoulou, K. N., and L. E. Scriven. "The fluid mechanics of slide coating." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 208 (November 1989): 321–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112089002855.

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Slide coating is a means of rapidly depositing multilayered liquid films of precise thickness and uniformity, as in manufacture of photographic products. Liquid is metered through one or more slots onto the inclined surface of the coating die, flows down that face and across a gap onto a fast-moving smooth surface. In this paper the steady, two-dimensional slide coating flow of a Newtonian liquid is analysed by solving the full Navier–Stokes system with the Galerkin/finite-element technique, spine parametrization of free surfaces and full Newton iteration. The lower meniscus in the gap is assumed to remain pinned at the die edge and the wetting-line singularity on the surface being coated is relieved by introducing dynamic-slip and contact-angle parameters. Results include the effects of several design and operating parameters on free-surface profiles and details of the flow field; these are presented by means of contours of kinematic and dynamic variables and local force balances over subdomains. The profiles show standing waves on the slide, rapid film thinning just before the gap, and exponential approach to the final film thickness on the web. As Reynolds number is raised and/or web speed is lowered several recirculation regions are predicted, deleterious features that have also been detected in experiments.

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16

Wu, P. W., W. Cheng, I. B. Martini, B. Dunn, B. J. Schwartz, and E. Yablonovitch. "Two-Photon Photographic Production of Three-Dimensional Metallic Structures within a Dielectric Matrix." Advanced Materials 12, no. 19 (October 2000): 1438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200010)12:19<1438::aid-adma1438>3.0.co;2-y.

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17

Lane, S. N., K. S. Richards, and J. H. Chandler. "Developments in photogrammetry; the geomorphological potential." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 17, no. 3 (September 1993): 306–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339301700302.

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Current emphasis in geomorphology recognizes the need for the accurate representation of topographic form, reflected in the growth of digital terrain and elevation modelling. A key requirement of such strategies is the efficient acquisition of information in an appropriate form and at an appropriate resolution to the landform under consideration. The traditional use of photographs in geomorphology has been for interpretation, but developments in photogrammetry may allow the full advantages of the photograph as a means of acquiring and storing quantitative information to be used. The photograph can provide information on all areas visible on a photograph; the information is acquired retrodictively; the photograph preserves the spatial relationship of morphological units; the collection of photographs requires minimal landform contact; the photograph records extra explanatory information; and photographs can be obtained at an appropriate temporal resolution to the landform under investigation. However, optical and mechanical limitations imposed by traditional photogrammetric approaches have prevented its rigorous and widespread application to geomorphology. Developments within photogrammetry, notably the analytical approach, now open up wider geomorphological possibilities. The analytical approach overcomes these limitations through the use of an interactive mathematical model at the stage of photographic analysis. The obtained information is in a form directly suited to the construction of digital terrain or elevation models. This technique can be used both for landform monitoring and for the analysis of archival photographs to reconstruct historical landform change.

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18

Ammerman, C. N., and S. M. You. "Consecutive-Photo Method to Measure Vapor Volume Flow Rate During Boiling From a Wire Immersed in Saturated Liquid." Journal of Heat Transfer 120, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824311.

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A photographic measurement technique is developed to quantify the vapor volume flow rate departing from a wire during boiling. The vapor flow rate is determined by measuring the volume of bubbles after departure from the boiling surface in consecutive frames of high-speed video. The measurement technique is more accurate and easier to implement than a previously developed photographic/laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) method. Use of the high-speed camera in place of a standard video camera eliminates the requirement for LDA-acquired bubble velocity measurements. The consecutive-photo method requires relatively few video images to be analyzed to obtain steady-state vapor volume flow rates. The volumetric flow rate data are used to calculate the latent heat transfer and, indirectly, sensible heat transfer which comprise the nucleate boiling heat flux. The measurement technique is applied to a 75-μm diameter platinum wire immersed in saturated FC-72.

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19

McILLERON, W. GEOFF, and FERDINAND C. DE MOOR. "New techniques for improving resolution and visual information on flight activity in Trichoptera." Zoosymposia 18, no. 1 (June 12, 2020): 160–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.18.1.20.

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Earlier design and use of photographic rigs for recording insects in free flight, and the applications and shortcomings of those efforts are reviewed. Improvements included the following: Replacement of laser beams with infrared (IR) LED beam-emitters and IR phototransistor detectors; an array of nine intersection points to increase the possibility of capturing images; improved electronic circuitry to avoid multiple image capture; more energy-efficient and smaller UV light sources to attract insects; a more rigid aluminium frame to support the UV and IR LED transmitters and detectors; development of an ultra-high-speed flash system 5 μs, or faster, to produce even sharper images than those produced by the 25 μs standard speedlight flash units set at 1/128th power; and a transportable wooden box to house all the electronic components and mounts for cameras and speedlights. This paper describes the design features of the rig and its use in the field and illustrates and compares photographic results obtained using a variety of photographic techniques aimed at providing high quality, sharp, images of insects in free flight, continuous traces of the flight pattern of insects, strobe images, and combinations of these techniques. From these images reasonably accurate estimates of insect size, wing beat frequency, flight speed, and information on mechanics of flight can be obtained.

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20

Speyerer, Christian, Kirsten Borchers, Joachim Storsberg, Günter E. M. Tovar, Thomas Hirth, and Achim Weber. "Generation and Surface Functionalization of Electro Photographic Toner Particles for Biomaterial Applications." MRS Proceedings 1569 (2013): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.906.

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ABSTRACTIn this paper, we provide the investigation about the controlled surface functionalization of acrylic toner particles for electro photography (“laser printing”) with sodium hydroxide and the subsequent carbodiimide-mediated coupling of numerous functional amines onto the generated carboxylic group. Various chemically valuable functionalities, comprising of thiol, alkyne and azide, were bound onto the particles’ surface and allow for further versatile modifications via huisgen cycloaddition as well as thiol-ene reaction. The functionalization of the acrylic toner surface with alkyne, azide and carboxylic groups increased the cell viability up to 178 % ± 22 % and might offer an interesting path for new applications using common laser printing techniques.

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21

Yoldas, Bulent E. "A dense transparent ink-jet receptive film that provides instantaneous print drying." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 6 (June 1999): 2594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0347.

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Ink-jet printing is an important image transfer technology. In this technology, the electronic capabilities are often constrained by shortcomings of materials functions. One of the constraints for fast reproduction of high-resolution photographic quality color images is the print dry time. This presents a challenge in the film technology where large quantities of solvent must be rapidly removed without transporting colorants outside the targeted areas. In this work, this is achieved by chemical immobilization of water by organic polymers incorporated into the film matrix. In this dense film, immobilization of large volumes of water becomes possible by a transient local swelling of the matrix—as much as 600–700%. This mechanism of water immobilization not only creates a virtually dry state instantaneously, but also leads to a tighter containment of colorants within the targeted areas, resulting in a significant improvement in edge acuity and image resolution. In addition, the film is printer and ink nonspecific and produces a high gloss on photographic paper.

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22

Erbeck, R., and W. Merzkirch. "Speckle photographic measurement of turbulence in an air stream with fluctuating temperature." Experiments in Fluids 6, no. 2 (January 2004): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00196458.

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23

BAYRAMOGLU, Z., U. AKBULUT, and S. SUNGUR. "Immobilization of α-amylase into photographic gelatin by chemical cross-linking." Biomaterials 13, no. 10 (1992): 704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(92)90131-7.

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24

Liu, T. C., W. Merzkirch, and K. Oberste-Lehn. "Optical tomography applied to speckle photographic measurement of asymmetric flows with variable density." Experiments in Fluids 7, no. 3 (December 1988): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02332980.

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25

Loda, Liubov, Iryna Pigel, and Lesia Dzendzeluk. "A Study on the state of photographic documents in Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv." Proceedings of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, no. 11(27) (2019): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0315-2019-11(27)-12.

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Collections of photographic documents constitute considerable information, document and art heritage. Photographs with non-existing today art and architectural objects are of particular importance. The task for their keepers is to save all visual information and to ensure accessibility to users. The paper’s purpose is to study the state of photographic documents kept in Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. The article provides a profound analyze of damages’ types as well as factors that caused them and measures for their preservation. Authors highlighted the role of indoor climate’s stability for the safety of photographic documents. Photographs are multi-component objects and 208 consist of several layers, each carrying out certain functions. Photographic documents are of low light resistance, so their improper storage may cause irreversible fading. Damages may be caused by both physical, chemical and biological factors. Actually, their monitoring allows to record any injuries and to identify destructive processes that just begin. On the base of photographs dated back to 1860s – 1930s from museum collections of Shevchenko Scientific Society, Ossolinski National Institute and People’s House in Lviv, the state of paper base and clarity of images were assessed. The results of the study were registered in tables, where the state of their conservation was specified in details. Authors applied five-level system to assess injuries of photographic documents. The paper describes three kinds of damages, including mechanical injuries (loss, deformation, breakings), physical and chemical (fading, color changes, spots), biological (pigmentation, contamination by microorganism, insects etc.). The study and investigation made it possible to refine conservation measures, to develop means for minimizing the influence of harmful factors. Researchers’ growing interest to photographic documents increased their usage in the Library. Supporting safety conditions and accessibility to conducting researches allow to use photographic documents widely for history and art studies, cataloging and exhibitions. Keywords: photographical documents, photo collections, Shevchenko Scientific Society, People’s House, Petrushevych Museum, preservation, conservation.

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26

Itoh, S., A. Kira, Z. Y. Liu, and S. Nagano. "Deformation of Metal Pipe due to Underwater Shock Wave." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883682.

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The deformation process of the metal pipes, accelerated by underwater shock wave resulting from the underwater detonation of explosive inside the metal pipe, was investigated by means of both the optical observation experiment and the numerical calculation. The expanding deformation of metal pipes was experimentally viewed by both framing and streak photographic means. A computer code based on the arbitrary Lagrangian and Eulerian (ALE) method was used to perform the numerical simulation on this problem. It has confirmed that the deformations of the metal pipes obtained from the streak photographs agree quite well with those obtained by the numerical calculation. The experimental and numerical results both show that the expanding velocity along the radial direction in aluminum pipe is larger than that in copper pipe, under the same loading conditions; and also, the time needed to reach the maximum radial velocity is shorter in aluminum pipe than in copper pipe. The calculations clearly indicate that the metal pipes are able to acquire a maximum expanding velocity along the radial direction in a very short time after the beginning of the action of underwater shock wave, and also this maximum velocity value only decreases a little in the later time period.

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27

Tomšová, Kateřina, Michal Ďurovič, and Klára Drábková. "The effect of disinfection methods on the stability of photographic gelatin." Polymer Degradation and Stability 129 (July 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.03.034.

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28

Sevier, Michael, Seongeyl Lee, M. Ravi Shankar, Henry T. Y. Yang, Srinivasan Chandrasekar, and W. Dale Compton. "Deformation Mechanics Associated with Formation of Ultra-Fine Grained Chips in Machining." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.379.

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The deformation field associated with chip formation in plane strain (2-D) machining has been simulated using the finite element method (FEM), with the objective of developing 2-D machining as an experimental technique for studying very large strain deformation phenomena. The principal machining parameters are the tool rake angle, cutting velocity and the friction at the toolchip interface while the deformation field parameters are strain, strain rate and temperature. The relation between rake angle and the shear strain in the deformation zone is studied for the low-speed cutting of lead. This correspondence is validated by comparison with measurements of the deformation parameters made by applying a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique to highspeed photographic image sequences of the deformation. It is shown that plastic strains in the range of 1-15 can be realized in a controlled manner by appropriate choice of the rake angle. The unique capabilities offered by 2-D machining for studying micro- and nano- mechanics of large strain deformation, and the creation of ultra-fine grained materials are highlighted in the context of these results.

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Bennon, W. D., and F. P. Incropera. "An Experimental Investigation of Binary Solidification in a Vertical Channel With Thermal and Solutal Mixed Convection." Journal of Heat Transfer 111, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250740.

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Experimental measurements and photographic observations are presented for the solidification of a binary, aqueous ammonium chloride solution in a vertical channel. Transient liquidus front progressions and temperature measurements are used to characterize the influences of flow rate, superheat, composition, and chill wall temperature on binary phase-change behavior. Experimental results are compared with previously reported model predictions and discrepancies are used to critically assess model assumptions and limitations.

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Zhang, Juntao, and Raj M. Manglik. "Effect of Ethoxylation and Molecular Weight of Cationic Surfactants on Nucleate Boiling in Aqueous Solutions." Journal of Heat Transfer 126, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1643755.

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Saturated, nucleate pool boiling on a horizontal, cylindrical heater and the associated bubble dynamics in aqueous solutions of cationic surfactants of different molecular weight and ethoxylation or ethylene oxide (EO) content, are experimentally investigated. Boiling curves qw″∝ΔTsat for different concentrations and photographic records of the salient features of the ebullient behavior are presented, along with a characterization of interfacial properties (surface tension and contact angle). The surfactant additive significantly alters the nucleate boiling in water and enhances the heat transfer. The enhancement increases with concentration, with an optimum obtained in solutions at or near the critical micelle concentration (c.m.c.) of the surfactant. The photographic and visual observations indicate a markedly different boiling behavior than that of water, as well as between pre- and post-c.m.c. solutions. A lower molecular weight surfactant tends to reduce surface tension faster, and show better enhancement performance than its higher molecular weight counterpart. With EO groups in its molecular chain the surfactant solution becomes more hydrophilic, and the higher wettability tends to suppress nucleation, thereby weakening the boiling process. Also, enhancement in pre-micellar solutions is shown to depend on the dynamic surface tension, and the number of EO groups in and molecular weight of the surfactant.

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Ko *, H. S., and K. D. Kihm. "An extended algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) for density-gradient projections: laser speckle photographic tomography." Experiments in Fluids 27, no. 6 (November 4, 1999): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050378.

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32

MITA, Katsuya, and Masanori TSUJI. "Study on Advancement in Reliability of Visual Test Based on Photographic Questionnaire for Concrete Structures." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 58, no. 8 (2009): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.58.678.

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33

Eden, T. J., T. F. Miller, and H. R. Jacobs. "The Centerline Pressure and Cavity Shape of Horizontal Plane Choked Vapor Jets With Low Condensation Potential." Journal of Heat Transfer 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 999–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2825921.

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A study of plane, underexpanded, condensing vapor jets was undertaken using flash photography and a ventilated pressure probe. This study examined horizontal jets with much lower condensation driving potentials than have been previously studied. Photographic measurements of jet expansion angles, spread angles, cavity lengths, and cavity shapes were recorded and compared with numerical predictions using a parabolic, locally homogeneous flow model that had been modified to incorporate entrainment and condensation effects. When rendered dimensionless by the nozzle width rather than diameter, the plane condensation length agreed well with previously published round jet correlations for higher condensation driving potentials. At lower condensation driving potentials, the jets began to disperse, showing behavior similar to submerged air and energetic reacting vapor jets. Numerical predictions of condensation length were in good agreement over the entire range of measurement. Numerical predictions of vapor cavity shape were in reasonable agreement at higher condensation potentials but underpredicted the width of the vapor cavity at lower potentials. Pressure measurements showed the existence of periodic expansion/compression cells associated with underexpanded noncondensing gas jets. When these measurements were compared with similar measurements of air jets into quiescent water baths, the lengths of the initial steam vapor expansion/compression cells were substantially greater than those of the air jets, and the degree of pressure recovery over the cell length was substantially less.

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Babič, M., P. Wangyao, B. Šter, D. Marinković, and Cristiano Fragassa. "Modelling the surface roughness of steel after laser hardening by using 2D visibility network, convolutional neural networks and genetic programming." FME Transactions 50, no. 3 (2022): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2203393b.

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The surface characterization of materials after Robot Laser Hardening (RLH) is a technically demanding procedure. RLH is commonly used to harden parts, especially when subject to wear. By changing their surface properties, this treatment can offer several benefits such as lower costs for additional machining, no use of cooling agents or chemicals, high flexibility, local hardening, minimal deformation, high accuracy, and automated and integrated process in the production process. However, the surface roughness strongly depends on the heat treatment and parameters used in the process. This article used a network theory approach (i.e., the visibility network in 2D space) to analyze the surface roughness of tool steel EN100083-1 upon RLH. Specifically, two intelligent methods were merged in this investigation. Firstly, a genetic algorithm was applied to derive a relationship between the parameters of the robot laser cell and topological surface properties. Furthermore, convolutional neural networks allowed the assessment of surface roughness based on 2D photographic images.

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Jianming, Chen. "Map of the Mount Gongga Glacier: A Combination of Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500001099.

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For use in glaciological research, between 1982 and 1984, we succeeded in surveying and mapping the Mount Gongga Glacier, on a scale of 1:25 000, by means of a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. This paper describes the method in detail.In the survey area, we set up an independent, triangulation network, with microwave distance measurement, and two, independent, straight-line traverses, for basic control. Control points were observed by intersection. The terrestrial, photogrammetric baselines were projected and corrected into distances on the. plane of the map.Terrestrial photography accounted for the majority of the photographs of the survey area. Surveying and mapping of planimetrie and topographic features were completed on a stereo-autograph, using plates mainly from terrestrial photogrammetry. Where these data were insufficient, they were supplemented by aerial photography, plotted on a photographic plotting instrument. Orientation points of the aerial photographs were established by terrestrial, photogrammetric analysis and located on the map by an optical, mechanical method.The practical result showed that a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, in mapping a high, mountain, glacier area, on a large scale, is more feasible and flexible than other methods and more economical as well.

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Jianming, Chen. "Map of the Mount Gongga Glacier: A Combination of Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500001099.

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For use in glaciological research, between 1982 and 1984, we succeeded in surveying and mapping the Mount Gongga Glacier, on a scale of 1:25 000, by means of a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. This paper describes the method in detail. In the survey area, we set up an independent, triangulation network, with microwave distance measurement, and two, independent, straight-line traverses, for basic control. Control points were observed by intersection. The terrestrial, photogrammetric baselines were projected and corrected into distances on the. plane of the map. Terrestrial photography accounted for the majority of the photographs of the survey area. Surveying and mapping of planimetrie and topographic features were completed on a stereo-autograph, using plates mainly from terrestrial photogrammetry. Where these data were insufficient, they were supplemented by aerial photography, plotted on a photographic plotting instrument. Orientation points of the aerial photographs were established by terrestrial, photogrammetric analysis and located on the map by an optical, mechanical method. The practical result showed that a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, in mapping a high, mountain, glacier area, on a large scale, is more feasible and flexible than other methods and more economical as well.

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Banke, K., K. Wutzke, and H. Helmers. "Particle image velocimetry (PIV): use of photo-thermoplastic film for photographic recording of particle images." Experiments in Fluids 20, no. 2 (December 1995): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00189305.

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Banke, K., K. Wutzke, and H. Helmers. "Particle image velocimetry (PIV): use of photo-thermoplastic film for photographic recording of particle images." Experiments in Fluids 20, no. 2 (December 1995): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01061593.

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McNeil, Andrew. "A photographic method for mapping angular locations of exterior solar obstructions." Journal of Building Engineering 29 (May 2020): 101170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101170.

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Wicks, Frank. "Picture This." Mechanical Engineering 126, no. 07 (July 1, 2004): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2004-jul-3.

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This article highlights that the adage, a picture is worth a thousand words, is a flawed understatement. Our memories, knowledge, and opinions rely heavily on pictures. Words can only provide an explanation to information contained in a good picture. Time always moves forward, but a picture allows us to look back to some prior moment in time. Photography, which means writing with light, would require replacing the artist’s paper with a chemically coated screen, exposing the screen to the image, and then stabilizing the resulting picture. The first practical photographic process was announced in France in 1839 by Louis Daguerre, who had achieved fame as a designer of theater stages and lighting effects. George Eastman built a magnificent Colonial Revival Mansion on East Avenue in Rochester in 1905. It is a National Historic Landmark and is chartered by the State of New York as the International Museum of Photography and Film. It displays a rare collection of photographs, cameras, projectors, books, and motion pictures.

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Ri, S., H. Tsuda, K. Chang, S. Hsu, F. Lo, and T. Lee. "Dynamic Deformation Measurement by the Sampling Moiré Method from Video Recording and its Application to Bridge Engineering." Experimental Techniques 44, no. 3 (January 10, 2020): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40799-019-00358-4.

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AbstractMeasuring accurate dynamic deformation distribution for large-scale structures inexpensively and efficiently is a crucial challenge of structural health monitoring. In this study, a simple technique for measuring the deflection and vibration frequency from a captured video, based on the sampling Moiré method is developed. The striking advantage over conventional measurement using sensors and other imaging techniques are that the developed technique allows accurate measurement of two-dimensional deformations at multiple locations as well as the natural frequency of the target structure. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)-formatted images encoded from the recorded video with Motion-JPEG (MJPEG) format reduced the file size significantly without degrading the measurement accuracy and applied to deformation measurement. The effectiveness of the developed technique was confirmed through a field experiment of an old bridge in Taiwan. The field experiment demonstrated that both deflection and natural frequency of the bridge were successfully measured with higher 0.1 mm displacement accuracy and 0.05 Hz frequecy comparable to a conventional microwave radar displacement sensor from 20 m distance.

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Bučková, Maria, Andrea Puškárová, Maria Carla Sclocchi, Marina Bicchieri, Piero Colaizzi, Flavia Pinzari, and Domenico Pangallo. "Co-occurrence of bacteria and fungi and spatial partitioning during photographic materials biodeterioration." Polymer Degradation and Stability 108 (October 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.05.025.

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Leidig, Franziska, Nina Quabeck, Ute Henniges, and Irene Brückle. "Do’s and Don’ts." Rundbrief Fotografie 29, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbf-2022-2005.

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Abstract Newly produced face-mounted photographic prints feature perfectly clear, smooth acrylic surfaces. Cleaning these integral but vulnerable surfaces poses a high risk of mechanical damage, which increases with every repetition. We tested the mechanical impact of dry-cleaning to optimize the cleaning process of face-mounted artworks at the Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen in Düsseldorf. We used four different microfibre cloths on one acrylic common in the production of face-mounted photographs. One additional option consisted of an antistatic silicone roller used for preliminary cleaning on one half of the plates. The plates were contaminated with street particulate soiling and fingerprint stains. All glasses were cleaned in either circular or straight wiping motions. The plates were photographed in dark field to document any side effects of cleaning involving scratches, smudges, and the static charge of the acrylic after cleaning. The microfibre cloth SM 711 in combination with the silicone roller performed best in the test. However, the same cloth, pre-used and washed, significantly increased scratch formation. These findings provide effective and safe recommendations for risk-minimized future cleaning procedures for face-mounted photographs.

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Chiou, Jin-Chern, Chen-Chun Hung, and Chun-Ying Lin. "Design, fabrication and actuation of a MEMS-based image stabilizer for photographic cell phone applications." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 20, no. 7 (June 11, 2010): 075025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/20/7/075025.

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von Fischer, Sabine. "A Visual Imprint of Moving Air:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 76, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 326–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2017.76.3.326.

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Prompted by an archival finding from the laboratory of Franz Max Osswald, Switzerland's first academic expert in applied acoustics, Sabine von Fischer explores the schlieren technique for photographing sound in sectional models. A Visual Imprint of Moving Air: Methods, Models, and Media in Architectural Sound Photography, ca. 1930 examines how images were used to communicate findings in the emerging discipline of architectural acoustics. In Osswald's persistent experiments in visualizing the invisible phenomena of sound, the social, the technical, and the aesthetic were inseparable. Using photography, Osswald adhered to the paradigm of mechanical objectivity, yet his visual experimenting with phenomena of spatial sound possibly demonstrates an awareness that the senses cannot be excluded from scientific methods. The shadows of moving air in the sound photographs make claims toward their scientific authority, their aesthetic appeal, and their social function as expert tools.

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Fujimoto, Hitoshi, Hiroaki Takeshita, Masayoshi Ashida, Wataru Obana, Takayuki Hama, and Hirohiko Takuda. "Photographic Observations of the Transient Contact Behavior of Oil-in-Water Emulsion Droplets Impinging on a Hot Substrate." ISIJ International 59, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 1304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2018-790.

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Valenta, Suzana. "Neobrađene fotografije Ive Petriciolija iz ostavštine Zbirke Petricioli." Ars Adriatica, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.453.

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Dr Ivo Petricioli left behind a large collection of material from his activity as a photographer. Although the majority of it is in the possession of the late Professor’s family, 85 black and white negatives on 6 x 6 rollfilms grouped in three albums are housed as part of the Petricioli Collection in the Department of History of Art of the University of Zadar. The collection was formed by Petricioli himself soon after he joined the Department as a lecturer. The collection contains different photographic material: exposures and negatives on various surfaces. The physical condition of the collection is, apart from minor mechanical and chemical damage sustained by some items, satisfactory. The initial sorting of the photographic material in the collection began in 2010. Three albums marked with the label ‘PRIVATE’ on the side attracted interest. They contain 85 black and white negatives created in the period between 1958 and 1965 during the Professor’s private travels in France and Italy. The negatives are well preserved: some have only minor scratches while some were stained through the action of residual chemicals after they were developed. Apart from excellent photographs of art-historical monuments in French and Italian towns with a pronounced note of the documentary, a number of interesting vedutes can be found among the negatives. Until now, the photographic oeuvre of Dr Ivo Petricioli had been unsorted and unpublished, leaving the public unfamiliar with his photographic works, which certainly merit attention.

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Shi, Longqing, and Dongjing Xu. "Effects of Flaw Geometry on the Fracturing Behavior of Rock-Like Materials Containing Two Arch-Like Parallelogram Flaws." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 5, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4814506.

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To increase understanding of the strength and failure mechanism of rocks with arch-like fractures generated in the overlying strata above a gob during coal mining, a series of uniaxial compression tests on rock-like specimens containing two preexisting parallelogram flaws at inclination angles varying from 45° to 75° were made using a rock mechanics servocontrolled testing system. Based on the experimental results, the effects of the inclination angles of two flaws having the same area on the mechanical parameters and fracturing process of the specimens were analyzed in detail. By adopting photographic monitoring, the crack initiation, propagation, coalescence, and failure modes in rock-like specimens were observed and characterized. The crack initiation stress and the second initiation stress were distinctly related to the flaw inclination angles, although the crack initiation stress presented a change trend generally similar to that of the crack second initiation stress with increasing flaw angle. Four modes of ultimate macroscopic failure morphology and the crack coalescence and failure modes of three types could be summarized. The research reported here could provide some theoretical support for the arch-like fracture evolution in the overburden during the excavation in underground engineering, especially in coal mining engineering.

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Tallian, T. E. "A Computerized Expert System for Tribological Failure Diagnosis." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261896.

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A micro-computer supported, rule-based expert system for failure diagnosis of tribo-components is described. Included is a brief review of AI tools and system organization methods used. The system, as implemented, encompasses: (a) observation of the machine or device containing the tribo-components; (b) identification of component failure modes by visual appearance comparison with photographic standards, and (c) reverse-engineering of the component selection for the application. Not implemented, but defined are: laboratory and advanced analytic diagnostic methods. The system consists of interactive screen-dialogs, augmented by engineering computation routines and followed by the generation of formatted diagnostic and corrective action reports.

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ELCIN, Y., and U. AKBULUT. "Polyester film strips coated with photographic gelatin containing immobilized glucose oxidase hardened by chromium(III) sulphate." Biomaterials 13, no. 3 (1992): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(92)90064-u.

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