Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Photogrammetric 3 D models'
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Muratoglu, Bukay. "Monitoring Bulbulderesi And Bakacak Landslides With Photogrammetric Techniques." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610586/index.pdf.
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Every year, thousands of people all over the world are loosing their lives in natural disasters. As a second most widespread hazard, landslides are still a disaster problem for Turkey. The long-term monitoring studies of instability phenomena have a paramount importance for Turkey to reduce its both direct and indirect effects.
The objective of this thesis is to monitor the activity of the Bülbü
lderesi and Bakacak landslides in Asarsuyu Catchment for 42 years period by the digital aerial photogrammetric techniques while evaluating the possible use of archive aerial photography in such analysis. To achieve the purpose of the study an orthophoto map was generated by aerial photographs belonging to 1994 year. The orthophoto map was utilized as a base map for aerial photo interpretation of different sets of aerial photographs corresponding to 1952, 1972, 1984 and 1994 years. As a result of this, 4 landslide activity maps are obtained. In addition, the characteristics of these landslides are analyzed by utilizing digital elevation model (DEM) created from stereo photographs of 1994. As a result of the study, no considerable variation is detected in the position of main boundaries of Bü
lbü
lderesi and Bakacak landslides except some minor differences. However, within the landslides many topographical changes were observed between 1952 and 1994 period. Based on the profiles from toe to crest of the Bü
lbü
lderesi landslide, the approximate length was measured as 4773m whereas the approximate width was about 2614m. The areal extent was calculated as ~12km2 having an approximate slope gradient ranging between 10-15°
with local variations. On the other hand, the approximate length of Bakacak landslide was 4420m and the approximate width was 832m from toe to crest with an area of ~4km2 and with an approximate slope angle 9-14°
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Gagné, Marissa Marlene. "An Analysis and Critique of DEM Creaion and 3-D Modeling Using Airborne LIDAR and Photogrammetric Techniques." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43528.
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Three-dimensional (3D) visualization is rapidly becoming an important tool for many engineering projects. Accurate digital representations of terrain and ground features are extremely useful for efficient design, communication and data representation in projects involving land development, transportation planning, hydrologic analysis, environmental impact studies, and much more. Within the scope of terrain modeling lie a wide variety of techniques used to build digital elevation models (DEMs). Each approach has inherent problems and difficulties that can alter the accuracy and usability of the DEM produced.
The main objectives of this study are to examine the various methods used for the creation of digital elevation models and make recommendations as to the appropriate techniques to use depending on specific project circumstances. Data sets generated using two of the methods, photogrammetry and LIDAR, are used to build digital terrain models in various software packages for an analysis of data usability and function.
The key results of this research project are two DEMs of a real-world transportation study area and a set of conclusions and recommendations that give insight into the exact methods to be used on various projects. The paper ends with two short appendices, the first of which discusses several software packages and their effectiveness in DEM creation and 3-D modeling. The final appendix is a flow chart summarizing the recommendations for the seven DEM creation methods.Master of Science
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Salman, Muhammad. "Watermarking and Steganography of 3-D models." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510371.
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Miller, G. S. P. "Computer display and manufacture of 3-D models." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235044.
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The thesis is concerned with describing new ways of using computers to create images of 3-dimensional designs. It also introduces novel methods for manufacturing some of these designs using numerically controlled machine tools. The work began as an extension of an existing surface design package called 'DUCT'. This was a program capable of holding descriptions of subtly curved surfaces, but which could only display them using line drawings. It was the first task of the author to examine different methods for depicting surfaces and then to decide which one was the most suitable for use in conjunction with industrial design work. Once done, this led on to ways in which the rendering methods could be improved. These improvements then enabled the package to be used in new application areas such as realistic image synthesis for advertising and animation. In tandem with this, new methods were developed for verifying the machining paths generated by DUCT for use on 3-axis milling machines. The methods developed for machining path verification were then extended to give improved techniques for the generation of such machining paths. The new approach allowed the manufacture of objects which were beyond the scope of previous surface design systems. The work on depicting objects manufactured using a 3-axis milling machine drew attention to the related problem of depicting realistic terrain. The author improved the existing methods for defining detailed surfaces such as mountains, and then went on to suggest new techniques for rendering such terrain in perspective. The new algorithms led naturally to the possibility of implementation on parallel computers and a paper study was made of the trade-offs involved in choosing different parallel computing architectures.
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Quan, Wei. "3-D facial expression representation using statistical shape models." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2009. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/21147/.
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Facial expressions are visible signs of person's affective state, cognitive activity and personality. Automatic recognition of facial expressions is an important component for a wide spectrum of applications including human-computer interfaces, video conferencing, augmented reality and human activity monitoring to mention a few. Facial expression representation is an essential part in the automatic recognition of facial expressions. It is concerned with finding distinguishable features that can be utilised for representing different facial expressions without constraints of age, ethnicity or gender. This thesis reports on research and development in the facial expression representation. The author has proposed two novel methods for representing facial expressions. One is based on the shape space vector (SSV) of the statistical shape model (SSM); the other is based on the SSV of the B-spline statistical shape model (BSSM). The first proposed method uses the SSV of the SSM as a significant feature for representing facial expressions embedded in 3-D facial surfaces. In order to obtain the SSV, a novel model-based surface registration method is proposed that iteratively deforms and matches the model to an unseen new facial surface. Two major stages are included in this method, namely, model building and model fitting. In the model building stage, a SSM is built by using a training data set with estimated correspondences. In the model fitting stage, the built model is adapted to represent the shape of the new facial surface, which has not been included in the training data set. To build the model, the thin plate spline warping has been used so that all of the facial surfaces in the training data set are aligned into a common reference facial surface and the dense correspondences of points between these facial surfaces can be calculated. To fit the model to the new facial surface a modified iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm and least-squares projection on to the estimated shape space, constructed using the training data set, are applied. The second proposed method uses the SSV of the BSSM for facial expression representation. The mddel is built using B-spline control points instead of the surface points as in the SSM based method. In order to obtain the control points of B-spline, a novel method for the B-spline surface fitting has been proposed. The robustness and efficiency of both model-based facial expression representation methods are improved by introducing a multi-resolution scheme in the model fitting stage. The experimental results on simulated and real 3-D facial surfaces show that the proposed methods can effectively provide distinguishable features for facial expression analysis and recognition.
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Warren, Paul A. "Mathematical models of 3-D ocular mechanics and control." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312221.
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Varakliotis, Sokratis. "Qos-enabled streaming of animated 3-D wireframe models." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412809.
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Schlecht, Joseph. "Learning 3-D Models of Object Structure from Images." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194661.
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Recognizing objects in images is an effortless task for most people.Automating this task with computers, however, presents a difficult challengeattributable to large variations in object appearance, shape, and pose. The problemis further compounded by ambiguity from projecting 3-D objects into a 2-D image.In this thesis we present an approach to resolve these issues by modeling objectstructure with a collection of connected 3-D geometric primitives and a separatemodel for the camera. From sets of images we simultaneously learn a generative,statistical model for the object representation and parameters of the imagingsystem. By learning 3-D structure models we are going beyond recognitiontowards quantifying object shape and understanding its variation.We explore our approach in the context of microscopic images of biologicalstructure and single view images of man-made objects composed of block-likeparts, such as furniture. We express detected features from both domains asstatistically generated by an image likelihood conditioned on models for theobject structure and imaging system. Our representation of biological structurefocuses on Alternaria, a genus of fungus comprising ellipsoid and cylindershaped substructures. In the case of man-made furniture objects, we representstructure with spatially contiguous assemblages of blocks arbitrarilyconstructed according to a small set of design constraints.We learn the models with Bayesian statistical inference over structure andcamera parameters per image, and for man-made objects, across categories, suchas chairs. We develop a reversible-jump MCMC sampling algorithm to exploretopology hypotheses, and a hybrid of Metropolis-Hastings and stochastic dynamicsto search within topologies. Our results demonstrate that we can infer both 3-Dobject and camera parameters simultaneously from images, and that doing soimproves understanding of structure in images. We further show how 3-D structuremodels can be inferred from single view images, and that learned categoryparameters capture structure variation that is useful for recognition.
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Zhang, Juan 1982. "Indexing and matching articulated 3-D models using medial surfaces." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84088.
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We consider the use of medial surfaces to represent symmetries of 3-D objects. This allows for a qualitative abstraction based on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of components and also a degree of invariance to a variety of transformations including the articulation and deformation of parts. We demonstrate the use of this representation for both indexing and matching 3-D object models. Our formulation uses the geometric information associated with each node along with an eigenvalue labeling of the adjacency matrix of the subgraph rooted at that node. We compare our algorithm with the techniques of harmonic spheres (Kazhdan et al., 2003c) and shape distributions (Osada et al., 2002). The results demonstrate the significant potential of medial surface-based representations and their graph spectra in the context of 3-D model retrieval in computer graphics.
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洪建益 and Kin-yik Hung. "Automatic finite element mesh generation from 3-D solid models." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31232589.
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Piwonski, Jaroslaw [Verfasser]. "Parameter estimates for marine ecosystem models in 3-D / Jaroslaw Piwonski." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107021874X/34.
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Falk, Thorsten [Verfasser], and Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] Ronneberger. "From voxels to models : towards quantification in 3-D confocal microscopy." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119898862/34.
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Cook, Ethan L. "Near-Salt Stratal Geometries and Implications for the Evolution of the Onion Creek Diapir Moab, UT." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6327.
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The Onion Creek Diapir is one of many salt domes proximal to the Uncompahgre thrust front of the ancestral rockies in the Paradox Basin. It is comprised of Paradox Formation evaporites and large blocks of Honaker Trail Formation carbonates that were deformed by loading of Permian Cutler Formation progradational alluvial to fluvial fans. The history of salt movement in the Onion Creek Diapir is recorded in the near-salt strata. Large salt bodies and their adjacent mini-basins evolve conforming to a complex relationship between salt withdrawal, creating localized accommodation, and sediment deposition. Migrating mini-basin depo-centers, thinned and folded strata, and spatial facies trends reveal the relative rates of diapirism and sedimentation. The study area outcrop, north of the diapir, is divided by significant stratigraphic horizons that help define depositional periods. Six measured sections in the study area reveal higher preservation rates of fine grained floodplain deposits, typically destroyed in alluvial environments, than at locations correlating to stratigraphic levels high in the outcrop suggesting a low accommodation environment evolving into higher accommodation where stacked channel complexes are preserved. Preserved slump folding at the base of the outcrop reveals that although some salt emergence occurred in the earliest depositional period it was not significant enough to preclude sediment deposition or to divert the Cutler fluvial network and destroy floodplain facies. A 3-D digital outcrop, modeled from photogrammetric data, illustrates the development of localized accommodation, attracting fluvial channel in a near-salt, tight axial syncline during the later depositional period. These evidences suggest a greater emergence of the diapir and likely diversion of the Cutler channel complexes.
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Peng, Tao. "Algorithms and models for 3-D shape measurement using digital fringe projections." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6654.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Ning, Ning. "Effect on ionising radiation on gene delivery in 3-D cell models." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499928.
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Hansen, Jason Dale. "Experiments for Evlauating 3-D Effects on Cracks in Frozen Stress Models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32488.
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In the experimental work conducted, two cases have been considered for the six- finned internal star cylinder: the semi-elliptic natural crack and a machined V-cut crack extending the length of the cylinder, both originating from the axis of symmetry of the fin tip. The V-cut crack constitutes a plane strain approximation and is used in current design rationale. Results show that the normalized stress intensity factor (SIF) for the V-cut case are at least equal to, but in most cases are greater than, the natural crack cases. These results were compared to experimental results from Smith and his associates for motor grains having similar shaped off-axis cracks, and similar trends were achieved. Comparisons were also made between the natural crack models and the modified boundary element method of Guozhong, Kangda, and Dongdi (GKD) for a semi-elliptic crack in a circular cylinder and the V-cut crack models to the modified mapping collocation technique of Bowie and Freese (BF), which constitutes the plane strain solution to a circular cylinder with a crack extending the length of the bore. For both cases general trends were similar. Using the numerical results, a relation for estimating the plane strain SIF for the finned cylinder models was developed. The situation of a finned cylinder containing a crack the length of the bore constitutes the worst case scenario. Testing has shown, however, that under normal loading conditions this case is conservative. Penetration tests have shown that a crack penetrating the outer boundary retains its semi-elliptic shape, thus the use of a semi-elliptic crack in design more accurately represents reality.Master of Science
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Pérez, Sala Xavier. "Extending procrustes analysis : building multi-view 2-D models from 3-D human shape samples." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/299209.
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This dissertation formalizes the construction of multi-view 2D shape models from 3D data. We propose several extensions of the well-known Procrustes Analysis (PA) algorithm that allow modeling rigid and non-rigid transformations in an efficient manner. The proposed strategies are successfully tested on faces and human bodies datasets.
In human perception applications one can set physical restrictions, such as defining faces and human skeletons as sets of anatomical landmarks or articulated bodies. However, the high variation of facial expressions and human postures from different viewpoints makes problems like face tracking or human pose estimation extremely challenging. The common approach to handle large viewpoint variations is training the models with several labeled images from different viewpoints. However, this approach has several important drawbacks: (1) it is not clear how much it is necessary to enhance the dataset with images from different viewpoints in order to build unbiased 2D models; (2) extending the training set without this evaluation would unnecessarily increase memory and computation requirements to train the models; and (3) obtaining new labeled images from different viewpoints can be a difficult task because of the expensive labeling cost; finally, (4) a non-uniform coverage of the different viewpoints of a person leads to biased 2D models. In this dissertation we propose successive extensions of PA to address these issues.
First of all, we introduce Projected Procrustes Analysis (PPA) as a formalization for building multi-view 2D rigid models from 3D datasets. PPA rotates and projects every 3D training shape and builds a multi-view 2D model from this enhanced training set. We also introduce common parameterizations of rotations, as well as mechanisms to uniformly sample the rotation space. We show that uniformly distributed rotations generate unbiased 2D models, while non-uniform rotations lead to models representing some viewpoints better than others.
Although PPA has been successful in building multi-view 2D models, it requires an enhanced dataset that increases the computational requirements in space and time. In order to address these PA and PPA drawbacks, we propose Continuous Procrustes Analysis (CPA). CPA extends PPA within a functional analysis framework and constructs multi-view 2D rigid models in an efficient way through integrating all possible rotations in a given domain. We show that CPA models are inherently unbiased because of their integral formulation. However, CPA is not able to capture non-rigid deformations from the dataset.
Next, in order to efficiently compute multi-view 2D deformable models from 3D data, we introduce Subspace Procrustes Analysis (SPA). By adding a subspace in the PA formulation, SPA is able to model non-rigid deformations, as well as rigid 3D transformations of the training set. We developed a discrete (DSPA) and continuous (CSPA) formulation to provide a better understanding of the problem, where DSPA samples and CSPA integrates the 3D rotation space.
Finally, we illustrate the benefits of our multi-view 2D deformable models in the task of human pose estimation. We first reformulate the problem as feature selection by subspace matching, and propose an efficient approach for this task. Our method is much more efficient than the state-of-the-art feature selection by subspace matching approaches, and it is able to handle larger number of outliers. Next, we show that our multi-view 2D deformable models, combined with the subspace matching method, outperform state-of-the-art methods of human pose estimation. Our approach is more accurate in the joint positions and limb lengths because we use unbiased 2D models trained on 3D Motion Capture datasets. Our models are not biased to any particular point of view and they can successfully reconstruct different non-rigid deformations and viewpoints. Moreover, they are efficient in both learning and test times.En esta tesis se formaliza la construcción de modelos multivista 2D a partir de datos 3D, a través de varias extensiones del conocido método Procrustes Analysis (PA). Las extensiones propuestas permiten modelar transformaciones rígidas y no rígidas eficientemente, y se han puesto a prueba en bases de datos de caras y cuerpos humanos. Las aplicaciones donde se perciben humanos permiten establecer restricciones físicas, tales como definir caras y esqueletos como conjuntos de puntos anatómicos. Sin embargo, la gran variación que sufren las expresiones faciales y las posturas humanas desde distintos puntos de vista convierten problemas como el seguimiento de caras o la estimación de la postura humana en retos extremadamente complejos. El planteamiento habitual para gestionar grandes variaciones de punto de vista consiste en entrenar los modelos con imágenes etiquetadas tomadas con distintas orientaciones. Sin embargo, este enfoque sufre importantes inconvenientes: (1) no queda claro cuántas imágenes adicionales con distintas orientaciones son necesarias con tal de construir modelos 2D no sesgados por ningún punto de vista; (2) extender el conjunto de datos de entrenamiento sin esta evaluación incrementaría innecesariamente el coste computacional en tiempo y en memoria; (3) obtener nuevas imágenes etiquetadas con distintas orientaciones puede tratarse de una tarea compleja debido al elevado coste del etiquetado manual; finalmente, (4) no cubrir uniformemente los distintos puntos de vista de una persona conduce a modelos sesgados. En esta tesis se proponen sucesivas extensiones de PA para hacer frente a estos problemas. Primero, proponemos Projected Procrustes Analysis (PPA) para formalizar la construcción de modelos rígidos multivista 2D a partir de conjuntos de datos 3D. PPA rota y proyecta cada objeto 3D y construye un modelo 2D a partir de este conjunto de datos enriquecido. También mostramos como rotaciones uniformemente distribuidas generan modelos 2D no sesgados, mientras rotaciones no uniformes conducen a modelos que representan algunos puntos de vista mejor que otros. Aunque PPA construye modelos multivista 2D, necesita un conjunto de entrenamiento enriquecido que incrementa los requisitos computacionales. Para solventar este problema de PA y PPA, proponemos Continuous Procrustes Analysis (CPA). CPA extiende PPA en un marco de análisis funcional y construye modelos rígidos multivista 2D de un modo eficiente, integrando todas las posibles rotaciones en un dominio dado. Mostramos como los modelos generados con CPA son inherentemente no sesgados debido a la formulación integral. Sin embargo, CPA no captura las deformaciones no rígidas de los datos. En consecuencia, proponemos Subspace Procrustes Analysis (SPA) con el objetivo de construir modelos deformables multivista 2D de un modo eficiente a partir de datos 3D. Añadiendo un subespacio a la formulación de PA, SPA es capaz de modelar deformaciones no rígidas, así como transformaciones 3D de los datos. Desarrollamos una formulación discreta (DSPA) y otra continua (CSPA), donde DSPA muestrea y CSPA integra el espacio de rotaciones 3D. Finalmente, ilustramos las ventajas de nuestros modelos deformables multivista 2D en la tarea de estimar la postura humana. Primero reformulamos el problema como una selección de características por subespacio coincidente y proponemos un método para resolver esta tarea eficientemente. Después, mostramos como nuestros modelos multivista 2D, combinados con la selección de características por subespacio coincidente, mejoran el estado del arte de estimación de la pose humana. Nuestro método es más preciso en la posición de las articulaciones y la longitud de las extremidades por el uso de modelos multivista 2D entrenados en bases de datos de captura de movimiento 3D. Nuestros modelos no están sesgados por punto de vista y pueden reconstruir deformaciones rígidas y no rígidas. Además, estos modelos son eficientes tanto en su construcción como en su uso
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Lassige, Timothy A. "Comparison of septal defects in 2-D and 3-D echocardiography using active contour models." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13839.
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Palmer, Ian J. "REALISM : Reusable Elements for Animation using Local Integrated Simulation Models." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259455.
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Suwatnodom, Prechaporn. "3-D micromechanical damage models, fiber pullout models and fracture toughness of discontinuous steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1562125051&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Gall, Hartmut. "A sensor system and related models to determine irregular shaped 3-D objects." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28083.
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This work comprises several parts, the initial one of which is a review of the techniques in use at present for measuring shape and characterising products. The major work details a ring sensor system, which consists of a large number of transmitters and receivers alternately arranged on the circumference of a metal annulus. Using a modified polar co-ordinate system and trigonometric functions, two enveloping spirals of an object can be determined. One or both spirals can then be used for further data analysis. Each spiral consists of intersections between enveloping chords and parts of the chords. The area surrounding the object is segmented and properties such as volume and axis measurements can be determined. A model was developed to simulate artificial objects of various shapes. Simulation tests were carried out to determine the limits of the system concerning position within the ring, shape and speed of the object and resolution of the ring. A ring was manufactured for actual tests, which were carried out mainly on potatoes to confirm the opportunity for possible use in practice and to show the relative merits compared with existing systems. Interesting side issues are introduced, such as the low number of primary data, possibilities of further reduction using differential coding, and the time consumption of algorithms. Finally, a model for the simulation of more than one object in the ring at the same time is introduced and possibilities for their separation are investigated.
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Amiridis, Kiriakos. "THE USE OF 3-D HIGHWAY DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY IN CRASH PREDICTION MODELING." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/85.
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The objective of this research is to evaluate and introduce a new methodology regarding rural highway safety. Current practices rely on crash prediction models that utilize specific explanatory variables, whereas the depository of knowledge for past research is the Highway Safety Manual (HSM). Most of the prediction models in the HSM identify the effect of individual geometric elements on crash occurrence and consider their combination in a multiplicative manner, where each effect is multiplied with others to determine their combined influence. The concepts of 3-dimesnional (3-D) representation of the roadway surface have also been explored in the past aiming to model the highway structure and optimize the roadway alignment. The use of differential geometry on utilizing the 3-D roadway surface in order to understand how new metrics can be used to identify and express roadway geometric elements has been recently utilized and indicated that this may be a new approach in representing the combined effects of all geometry features into single variables. This research will further explore this potential and examine the possibility to utilize 3-D differential geometry in representing the roadway surface and utilize its associated metrics to consider the combined effect of roadway features on crashes. It is anticipated that a series of single metrics could be used that would combine horizontal and vertical alignment features and eventually predict roadway crashes in a more robust manner.
It should be also noted that that the main purpose of this research is not to simply suggest predictive crash models, but to prove in a statistically concrete manner that 3-D metrics of differential geometry, e.g. Gaussian Curvature and Mean Curvature can assist in analyzing highway design and safety. Therefore, the value of this research is oriented towards the proof of concept of the link between 3-D geometry in highway design and safety. This thesis presents the steps and rationale of the procedure that is followed in order to complete the proposed research. Finally, the results of the suggested methodology are compared with the ones that would be derived from the, state-of-the-art, Interactive Highway Safety Design Model (IHSDM), which is essentially the software that is currently used and based on the findings of the HSM.
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Rosas-Romero, Roberto. "Tracking of 3-D objects with non-rigid deformation estimation in medical images /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6076.
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Sumer, Emre. "Automatic Reconstruction Of Photorealistic 3-d Building Models From Satellite And Ground-level Images." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613131/index.pdf.
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This study presents an integrated framework for the automatic generation of the photorealistic 3-d building models from satellite and ground-level imagery. First, the 2-d building patches and the corresponding footprints are extracted from a high resolution imagery using an adaptive fuzzy-genetic
algorithm approach. Next, the photorealistic facade textures are automatically extracted from the single ground-level building images using a developed approach, which includes facade image extraction, rectification, and occlusion removal. Finally, the textured 3-d building models are generated
automatically by mapping the corresponding textures onto the facades of the models.
The developed 2-d building extraction and delineation approach was implemented on a selected urban area of the Batikent district of Ankara, Turkey. The building regions were extracted with an approximate detection rate of 93%. Moreover, the overall delineation accuracy was computed to be 3.9 meters. The developed concept for facade image extraction was tested on two distinct datasets. The facade image extraction accuracies were computed to be 82% and 81% for the Batikent and eTrims datasets, respectively. As to rectification results, 60% and 80% of the facade images
provided errors under ten pixels for the Batikent and eTrims datasets, respectively. In the evaluation of occlusion removal, the average scores were computed to be 2.58 and 2.28 for the Batikent and eTrims datasets, respectively. The scores are ranked between 1 (Excellent) to 6 (Unusable).
The modeling of the total 110 single buildings with the photorealistic textures took about 50 minutes of processor running time and yielded a satisfactory level of accuracy.
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Linvill, Eric. "Development of Finite Element Models for 3-D Forming Processes of Paper and Paperboard." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173009.
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Paper materials have a long history of use in packaging products, although traditional paper-based packaging is limited in its shape and design. In order to enable more advanced paper-based packaging, various 3-D forming processes for paper materials have been studied. Since 3-D forming processes typically include the application of moisture and/or temperature, the effects of moisture and temperature on the mechanical response of paper have also been investigated. In Paper A, an experimental study of the combined effects of moisture and temperature on the uniaxial mechanical properties of paper was conducted. These experiments provided new insights into how moisture and temperature affect both the elastic and plastic properties of paper materials. These experiments also provided the framework from which the effects of moisture and temperature were modelled in Paper C. In Paper B, an explicit finite element model of the paperboard deep-drawing process was developed. An orthotropic material model with in-plane quadrant hardening was developed and verified for paper. The simulation results matched the trends from experimental deep-drawing up to when micro-scale wrinkling occured. Since most experimental failures occur prior to wrinkling, this model provided quantitative understanding of failure in the paperboard deep-drawing process. In Paper C, an explicit finite element model of paper hydroforming, utilizing the same material model for paper materials as in Paper B, was developed and verified. The simulation results matched well with experimental results, and a parametric study with the finite element model produced quantitative understanding of the hydroforming process for paper materials. Additionally, drying was identified as an important phenomenon for determining the extent of formability of paper materials.Papper har länge använts som förpackningsmaterial men traditionella pappers- och kartongförpackningar är begränsade i form och design. Olika 3-D formnings processor har studerats för att möjliggöra mer avancerade pappersbaserade förpackningar. Effekterna av fukt och temperatur på pappers mekaniska egenskaper har också undersökts eftersom fukt och temperatur har stor betydelse för slutresultatet i 3-D formningsprocesser. I Artikel A har den kombinerade effekten av fukt och temperatur på de uniaxiella mekaniska egenskaperna av papper undersökts experimentellt. Dessa experiment visar hur fukt och temperatur påverkar både elastiska och plastiska egenskaper hos papper samt ligger till grund för modelleringen av inverkan av fukt och temperatur i Artikel C. I Artikel B har en explicit finita element modell för djupdragning av kartong utvecklas. En ortotropisk materialmodell baserad på en rektangulär flytyta har utvecklats och verifierats för kartong. Simuleringen följde trenderna i experimenten fram till den punkt där mikroskopiska rynkor bildas. Resultaten från analyserna med modellen ger kvantitativ förståelse för materialbrott i djupdragningsprocessen eftersom de flesta experimentella materialbrott inträffar innan mikroskopiska rynkor bildas. I Artikel C har ett explicit finita element modell av hydroformning av papper baserad på materialmodellen från Paper B utvecklats och verifierats mot experimentell hydroformning av papper. En parameterstudie med finitaelement-modellen producerade kvantitativ förståelse för hydroformningsprocessen för papper. Dessutom identifieras torkning som ett viktigt fenomen för att fastställa graden av formbarheten för pappersmaterial.
QC 20150907
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Dias, Antonio Fernando Vilhena. "Systematic derivation, from 3-D nodal equations, of simpler models for describing reactor transients." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14721.
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Wing, Eliya. "Numerical simulation of ice accretion on 3-D rotor blades." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51833.
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Rotorcraft vehicles are highly sensitive to ice accretion. When ice forms on helicopter rotor blades, performance degradation ensues due to a loss of lift and rise in drag. The presence of ice increases torque, power required, and leads to rotor vibrations. Due to these undesirable changes in the vehicle's performance, the FAA requires intensive certification to determine the helicopter’s airworthiness in icing conditions. Since flight tests and icing tunnel tests are very expensive and cannot simulate all conditions required for certification, it is becoming necessary to use computational solvers to model ice growth and subsequent performance degradation. Currently, most solvers use the strip theory approach for 3D shapes. However, rotor blades can experience significant span-wise flow from separation or centrifugal forces. The goal of this work is to investigate the influence of span-wise flow on ice accretion. The classical strip theory approach is compared to a curved surface streamline based approach to assess the relative differences in ice formation.
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Camp, John L. "3-D Model Characterization and Identification from Intrinsic Landmarks." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1323135521.
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Kimathi, Mark E. M. [Verfasser], and Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Klar. "Mathematical Models for 3-Phase Traffic Flow Theory / Mark E. M. Kimathi. Betreuer: Axel Klar." Kaiserslautern : Universitätsbibliothek Kaiserslautern, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021039578/34.
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Matthias, Steffen Felix [Verfasser]. "A flexible endoscopic structured light 3-D sensor: Design, models and image processing / Steffen Felix Matthias." Garbsen : TEWISS - Technik und Wissen GmbH, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187277967/34.
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Miller, Kendall Mar 1958. "INTERPRETIVE SCHEME FOR MODELING THE SPATIAL VARIATION OF SOIL PROPERTIES IN 3-D (AUTOCORRELATION, STOCHASTIC, PROBABILITY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276981.
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Blank, Matthew David. "Advanced Studies of fish passage through culverts 1-D and 3-D hydraulic modeling of velocity, fish energy expenditure, and a new barrier assessment method /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/blank/BlankM0508.pdf.
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Fish passage through culverts is an important component of road and stream crossing design. Although no comprehensive inventory of the number of culverts on fishbearing streams in the United States is available, there is an estimated 1.4 million streamroad crossings. The most common physical characteristics that create barriers to fish passage include excessive water velocity, insufficient water depth and large outlet drop heights. Over the past decade, interest in the effect culvert barriers have on aquatic systems has grown; accordingly, various passage assessment techniques have been used to determine whether a structure is a barrier and to what degree (its “barrierityâ€). Recent research has shown that determining the barrierity of a culvert is not trivial, and that different methods are often not congruent in their classification of “barrierityâ€. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of velocity on fish passage in great detail by: testing the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for estimating the 3-D velocity field through a culvert; quantifying velocity diversity through culverts for a range of flows; characterizing the energy expenditure paths through a culvert and identifying the passageways Yellowstone cutthroat trout used to successfully negotiate passage; and developing and testing a new barrier assessment method. The research was done, in part, by studying fish passage through culverts in Mulherin Creek, an important spawning tributary for Yellowstone cutthrout trout migrating from the Yellowstone River. Comparisons between predicted and observed velocities show 86% and 82% of variation in the observed velocity data were explained by the CFD model, for flow rates of 1.44 m3/s and 0.87 m3/s, respectively. The diverse velocity field through the culvert barrel created a range of energy expenditure paths through the entire culvert length. Fish movement observations showed successful passage only for trout seeking and using the minimum energy path created, in part, by the skew between the upstream channel and the culvert. This research investigated a new hydraulic approach to assessing barriers that uses the 3-D velocity field. Comparisons between estimated passage and measured passage show the 3-D method most accurately indicated passability compared to a 1-D method.
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Gracia, Gabriel Brandão de. "Um estudo dos modelos BF de D=1+1 até D=3+1 dimensões via Hamilton-Jacobi." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152643.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Ao longo desta dissertação desenvolvemos o formalismo de Hamilton-Jacobi para teorias de campo para o caso de sistemas singulares e não-singulares. Em seguida, aplicamos tal formalismo nos modelos BF em D=1+1, D=2+1 e D=3+1 dimensões a fim de caracterizar os seus espaços de fase. Mostramos que a partir desse formalismo é possível obter as simetrias locais desses modelos assim como os seus respectivos geradores.
Throughout this dissertation we develop the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism for field theories in the case of singular and non-singular systems. Next, apply such formalism on the BF models in D=1+1, D=2+1 e D=3+1 dimensions in order to characterize their phase spaces. We show from this formalism, that is possible to find the local symmetries of those models as well as their respective generators.
CNPq: 132619/2015-6
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Matthias, Steffen [Verfasser]. "A flexible endoscopic structured light 3-D sensor: Design, models and image processing / Steffen Felix Matthias." Garbsen : TEWISS - Technik und Wissen GmbH, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019052812071833963147.
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Jacobs, Rodney A. "Data Structures and Algorithms for Efficient Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equations from 3-D Ice Sheet Models." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/JacobsRA2005.pdf.
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Kavi, Sandeep A. "Nonlinear 3-D beam/connector finite element with warping for a glulam dome." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040624/.
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Uslu, Cafer Harun. "3-d Finite Element Analysis Of Semi-rigid Steel Connections." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610835/index.pdf.
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Two types of connection are generally considered in the design of steel
structures in practice. These are classified as completely rigid (moment) and simple
(shear) connections. In theory, completely rigid connections can not undergo rotation
and simple connections can not transfer moment. However, in reality rigid
connections have a relative flexibility which makes them to rotate and simple
connections have some reserve capacity to transfer moments. In many modern design
specifications, this fact is realized and another type which is called partially
restrained or semi-rigid connection is introduced. These types of connections have
got the transfer of some beam moment to column together with shear. However,
there is a lack of information on the amount of moment transferred and rotation of
connection during the action of the moment transfer. The only way to quantify the
moment and rotation of the partially restrained connections is to draw momentrotation
curves. Nevertheless, drawing such curves requires great amount of
expenses for experiments. Taking these into account, the use of finite elements with
the help of increased computational power is one way to obtain moment-rotation
curves of connections. Available test results guides the finite element analysis for justifications. So
these analyses can be further implemented into design functions. This thesis is
intended to conduct 3-D non-linear finite element analyses to compliment with tests
results for different types of semi-rigid connections with angles and compare them
with mathematical models developed by different researchers.
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Muthukrishnan, Gayathri. "Utilizing Hierarchical Clusters in the Design of Effective and Efficient Parallel Simulations of 2-D and 3-D Ising Spin Models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9944.
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In this work, we design parallel Monte Carlo algorithms for the Ising spin model on a hierarchical cluster. A hierarchical cluster can be considered as a cluster of homogeneous nodes which are partitioned into multiple supernodes such that communication across homogenous clusters is represented by a supernode topological network. We consider different data layouts and provide equations for choosing the best data layout under such a network paradigm. We show that the data layouts designed for a homogeneous cluster will not yield results as good as layouts designed for a hierarchical cluster. We derive theoretical results on the performance of the algorithms on a modified version of the LogP model that represents such tiered networking, and present simulation results to analyze the utility of the theoretical design and analysis. Furthermore, we consider the 3-D Ising model and design parallel algorithms for sweep spin selection on both homogeneous and hierarchical clusters. We also discuss the simulation of hierarchical clusters on a homogeneous set of machines, and the efficient implementation of the parallel Ising model on such clusters.Master of Science
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Mastoris, John. "An application of 3-D modeling and optimization of the final pit limits for a lignite deposit." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07112009-040402/.
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Lopez, Dominguez Jose Carlos. "Reconstruction of 3-D structural dynamic response fields: an experimental, laser-based approach with statistical emphasis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38274.
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This dissertation is concerned with the evaluation of a new statistically sound reconstruction methodology for continuous 3-D dynamic response fields of harmonically excited structures in steady-state vibration. This results in an experimental process which reconstructs the response field from a set of 3-D projections based on Laser-Doppler-Vibrometer (LDV) localized instantaneous velocity measurements. Included along with an estimate of the 3-D velocity field, are its statistical characteristics and the inferential tools required to test the quality of the estimation. This dissertation documents in detail the development and evaluation of the proposed reconstruction methodology and its relevant subprocesses which inc1ude the formulation of a deterministic laser-structure kinematic model, and regression models that afford statistical inference for the time-domain and spatial-domain structural dynamics, as well as for the projection recombination process.Ph. D.
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Verigan, Adam. "Improving pediatric cardiology consultation methods by introducing gigital interactive 3-D heart models : a proof of concept study." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002165.
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Verigan, Adam. "Improving Pediatric Cardiology Consultation Methods by Introducing Digital Interactive 3-D Heart Models: A Proof of Concept Study." Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3847.
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The purpose of a pediatric cardiology consultation is to inform, or educate, the patient and family of all aspects surrounding a certain congenital heart defect. Consultation education methods and materials may include verbal descriptions, two-dimensional (2-D) heart diagrams, and take-home pamphlets. Because the human heart is a complex three-dimensional (3-D) object, the problem lies within the clarity to which these methods are performed by the doctors and understood by the patients and families. Therefore, during a consultation the cardiologist must a) possess the ability to describe a defect visually as well as verbally and b) ensure that the patient and family have a clear understanding of the situation. In this work a method to improve patient consultation is outlined. Heart model segmentation methods from Cardiac MRA images are discussed by using the Materialise Mimics 10.11 software. EduView, the proposed software application solution, provides the user with traditional verbal descriptions and 2-D heart diagrams along with the ability to interact with a digital 3-D human heart model. By including a 3-D approach, the purpose is to assist the cardiologist in explaining a defect while further educating the patient and family. Sun Microsystems Java technology was utilized in order to program the application. Implementation of the software solution is outlined and the results from two surveys involving parents of children with congenital heart defects and pediatric cardiologists are presented. This study outlines a proof of concept. There is significant potential for extending and marketing this tool for future clinical use.
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Borges, Dibio Leandro. "Recognising three-dimensional objects using parameterized volumetric models." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/751.
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This thesis addressed the problem of recognizing 3-D objects, using shape information extracted from range images, and parameterized volumetric models. The domains of the geometric shapes explored is that of complex curved objects with articulated parts, and a great deal of similarity between some of the parts. These objects are exemplified by animal shapes, however the general characteristics and complexity of these shapes are present in a wide range of other natural and man-made objects. In model-based object recognition three main issues constrain the design of a complete solution: representation, feature extraction, and interpretation. this thesis develops an integrated approach that addresses these three issues in the context of the above mentioned domain of objects. For representation I propose a composite description using globally deformable superquadratics and a set of volumetric primitives called geons: this description is shown to have representational and discriminative properties suitable for recognition. Feature extraction comprises a segmentation process which develops a method to extract a parts-based description of the objects as assemblies of defoemable superquadratics. Discontinuity points detected from the images are linked using 'active contour' minimization technique, and deformable superquadratic models are fitted to the resulting regions afterwards. Interpretation is split into three components: classification of parts, matching, and pose estimation. A Radical Basis Function [RBF] classifier algoritm is presented in order to classify the superquadratics shapes derived from the segmentation into one of twelve geon classes. The matching component is decomposed into two stages: first, an indexing scheme which makes effective use of the output of the [RBF] classifier in order to direct the search to the models which contain the parts identified. this makes the search more efficient, and with a model library that is organised in a meaningful and robust way, permits growth without compromising performance. Second, a method is proposed where the hypotheses picked from the index are searched using an Interpretation Tree algorithm combined with a quality measure to evaluate the bindings and the final valid hypotheses based on Possibility Theory, or Theory of Fuzzy Sets. The valid hypotheses ranked by the matching process are then passed to the pose estimation module. This module uses a Kalman Filter technique that includes the constraints on the articulations as perfect measurements, and as such provides a robust and generic way to estimate pose in object domains such as the one approached here. These techniques are then combined to produce an integrated approach to the object recognition task. The thesis develops such an integrated approach, and evaluates its perfomance inthe sample domain. Future extensions of each technique and the overall integration strategy are discussed.
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Unnikrishnan, Avinash. "Equilibrium models accounting for uncertainty and information provision in transportation networks." [Austin, Tex. : University of Texas Libraries, 2008. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2008/unnikrishnana67041/unnikrishnana67041.pdf#page=3.
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Thomas, Anita. "Classification of Man-made Urban Structures from Lidar Point Clouds with Applications to Extrusion-based 3-D City Models." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429484410.
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Smolinski, Justin Bruce. "Dietary Chemoprevention Studies in Preclinical Models of Prostate Cancer: Bioactive Lipids and Vitamin D." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282069758.
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Dias, Milena de Mello. "Uso da \"Superfórmula\" para projeto geométrico de tomada d´água." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-27072016-094958/.
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O presente trabalho propõe a utilização da \"superfórmula\" como solução de dimensionamento de estruturas hidrodinâmicas na engenharia hidráulica. Para tanto, apresentam-se neste trabalho os métodos atualmente empregados para o dimensionamento de uma tomada d\'água, apresenta-se também o que é a \"superfórmula\", como se chegou a ela e a possibilidade de sua aplicação na engenharia, necessitando para isso algumas parametrizações. A introdução da \"superfórmula\" na engenharia hidráulica tem o objetivo de facilitar o dimensionamento de estruturas e reduzir as complexidades, com foco no desenvolvimento de formas geométricas ideais com vistas à hidrodinâmica e especificamente para a tomada d\'água, tem o objetivo de encontrar uma transição entre seções onde a perda de carga seja mínima, para isso, propõe-se uma modelação matemática para otimização da estrutura da tomada d\'água, baseada no conceito de aceleração convectiva máxima.This dissertation proposes that \"superfórmula\" have high potential use in solutions for hydrodynamic design of hydraulic structures. Thus, it presents, the methods currently employed for the design of a water intake, also presents what is \"superfórmula\", how it discovered and application possibility in engineering, requiring for it some parameterizations. The introduction of \"superfórmula\" in hydraulic engineering aims to facilitate the design of structures and reduce the complexities, focusing on the development of ideal geometric shapes with a view to hydrodynamic and specifically for water intake, aims to find a transition between sections where the head loss. For this, it proposes a mathematical model to optimize the water intake structure based on the concept of maximum convective acceleration.
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Li, Jiyuan. "Construction Simulation of Wudian Using 3-D Graphics and Animations." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429212482.
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Akturk, Ozgur. "Assessment Of Tunnel Induced Deformation Field Through 3-dimensional Numerical Models (necatibey Subway Station, Ankara, Turkey)." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612539/index.pdf.
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In heavily settled areas, deformations induced by the tunnel excavation may cause
serious damage to nearby structures. In this study it is aimed to model ground
deformations induced by main tunnels and connection tunnels excavations as well
as groundwater drainage. Therefore, it is necessary to study effective means of
controlling tunnel induced deformations. The main parameters affecting the
failure and deformation state of the soil around a circular underground opening
are the physical characteristics of the soil, the diameter of the opening, and the
support pressure. During the construction stage of Necatibey Station of KizilayÇayyolu metro line (Ankara, Turkey), challenging ground conditions involving highly heterogeneous and locally water saturated foundation soils have been encountered. Possibility of damage at the surface and/or on the underground structures can be estimated using finite difference method (FDM) of analysis. In this study, two geophysical methods namely Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) were utilized to distinguish soil types at the study area. By correlating these geophysical survey results with the boring v logs, 3-Dimensional soil profile was revealed at the study area to build up a basis for numerical models. 3-Dimensional (3D) FDM analyses were conducted to assess tunneling induced deformations, along with movements around shallow soft ground main tunnels and connection tunnels. During sequential excavations, temporary and permanent shotcrete lining was also simulated. The soil behavior is assumed to be governed by an elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive relation based on the Mohr&ndash
Coulomb criterion. The computed deformations around these openings have been compared with the in-situ measurements. The results of the study revealed that the 3-D elasto-plastic analyses yield comparably good correlation with the in-situ measurements. Also, in this study, the effects of main tunnels excavations on each other and the effects of connection tunnels excavations on main tunnels were identified in terms of ground deformations. In order to simulate induced surface settlement due to groundwater withdrawal at the site 3-D fully coupled (fluidmechanical) numerical models were run using different time durations. The model studies revealed that deformations monitored at the ground surface are directly related with the tunnel construction practice. Pumping groundwater has very little or no effect on the measured deformations.
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Kaur, Jasvir [Verfasser], and Eberhart [Akademischer Betreuer] Zrenner. "Mechanism of Photoreceptor Cell Death in Rhodopsin mutant Rat Models (S334ter-3 and P23H-1) of Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa / Jasvir Kaur ; Betreuer: Eberhart Zrenner." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1162843160/34.
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