Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Photodissociation Region'
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Guzman, Veloso Viviana. "Physical and Chemical Conditions in the Horsehead Photodissociation Region." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00950116.
Full textGuzman, Veloso Viviana. "Physical and chemical conditions in the horsehead photodissociation region." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066526.
Full textMolecular lines are used to trace the structure of the interstellar medium and the physical conditions of the gas in different environments, from high-z galaxies to protoplanetary disks. To fully benefit from the diagnostic power of molecular lines, the formation and destruction paths of the molecules, including the interplay between gas-phase and grain surface chemistry, must be quantitatively understood. Well-defined sets of observations of simple template sources are key to benchmark the predictions of theoretical models. With that motivation, this thesis is focused on the observation and analysis of an unbiased spectral line survey at 3, 2 and 1mm with the IRAM-30m telescope in the Horsehead nebula, with an unprecedented combination of bandwidth, high spectral resolution and sensitivity. Two positions were observed: the warm photodissociation region (PDR) and a cold condensation shielded from the UV field. Approximately 30 species, with up to 7 atoms plus their isotopologues, are detected. These data are complemented by high-angular resolution IRAM-PdB interferometric maps of specific species. The results of this thesis include the detection of CF+, a new diagnostic of the UV illuminated gas; the detection of a new species in the ISM, tentatively attributed to C3H+; a deep study of the abundance, spatial distribution and excitation conditions of H2CO, CH3OH and CH3CN, which reveals that photo-desorption of ices is an efficient mechanism to re- lease molecules into the gas phase; and the first detection of the complex organic molecules, HCOOH, CH2CO, CH3CHO and CH3CCH in a PDR, which reveals the degree of chemical complexity reached in the UV illuminated neutral gas
洪美思 and Mei-sze Hung. "Investigation of the Franck-Condon region photodissociation dynamics of linear and cyclic nitroalkanes using resonance Raman spectroscopy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31215336.
Full textHung, Mei-sze. "Investigation of the Franck-Condon region photodissociation dynamics of linear and cyclic nitroalkanes using resonance Raman spectroscopy /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945863.
Full textChampion, Jason. "Photoevaporation des disques protoplanétaires par les photons UV d’étoiles massives proches : observation de proplyds et modélisation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30392/document.
Full textProtoplanetary disks are found around young stars, and represent the embryonic stage of planetary systems. At different phases of their evolution, disks may undergo substantial mass-loss by photoevaporation: energetic photons from the central or a nearby star heat the disk, hence particles can escape the gravitational potential and the disk loses mass. However, this mechanism, and the underlying physics regulating photoevaporation, have not been well constrained by observations so far. The aims of this thesis are to study photoevaporation, in the specific case when it is driven by far-UV photons, to identify the main physical parameters (density, temperature) and processes (gas heating and cooling mechanisms) that are involved, and to estimate its impact on the disk dynamical evolution. The study relies on coupling observations and models of disks being photoevaporated by UV photons coming from neighbouring massive star(s). Those objects, also known as "proplyds", appear as disks surrounded by a large cometary shaped envelope fed by the photoevaporation flows. Using a 1D code of the photodissociation region, I developed a model for the far-IR emission of proplyds. This model was used to interpret observations, mainly obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory, of four proplyds. We found similar physical conditions at their disk surface: a density of the order of 10 6 cm and a temperature about 1000 K. We found that this temperature is maintained by a dynamical equilibrium: if the disk surface cools, its mass-loss rate declines and the surrounding envelope is reduced. Consequently, the attenuation of the UV radiation field by the envelope decreases and the disk surface, receiving more UV photons, heats up. Most of the disk is thus able to escape through photoevaporation flows leading to mass-loss rates of the order of 10 -7 solar mass per year or more, in good agreement with earlier spectroscopic observations of ionised gas tracers. Following this work, I developed a 1D hydrodynamical code to study the dynamical evolution of an externally illuminated protoplanetary disk. [...]
Zannese, Marion. "Haute excitation de molécules dans les régions irradiées de formation stellaire et planétaire observées par le James Webb Space Telescope." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP082.
Full textRadiative feedback from massive stars, which heats and disperses the gas in the surrounding cloud, is a dominant mechanism limiting stellar and planetary formation. Indeed, observations show that only 1-5% of the mass of molecular clouds is converted into stars. In this thesis, I focused on the neutral, warm and irradiated regions between ionized and cold molecular media. In particular, I investigated how the excitation at the formation of certain molecules (OH, CH+ and CH3+) enabled simple and robust diagnostics to constrain the physical and chemical parameters of these regions. To do this, I coupled detailed gas modeling, using quantum dynamics data, with analysis of observations from the James Webb Space Telescope. The spectral coverage, high sensitivity and angular resolution of the JWST give unprecedented access to the chemistry and microphysics of the small-scale substructures of photodissociation regions (PDR) and the warm regions of protoplanetary disks (inner region or photoevaporated wind). My thesis is part of the analysis of data from the PDRs4All program observing the Orion Bar and protoplanetary disks in the line of sight (in particular d203-506).In preparation for the observations, I first concentrated on predicting what the JWST might detect. I studied the prompt emission of rotationally excited OH produced by the photodissociation of water. To this end, I used the Meudon PDR code, which self-consistently calculates the radiative transfer, the chemistry and the heat balance in PDRs. By implementing prompt emission in this code, we then show that only sufficiently dense and warm environments allow OH excitation at formation. The second part of my thesis presents the analysis of spectra obtained with the JWST. The signatures of highly excited molecules at formation observed in these data and analyzed with single-zone excitation models, based on quantum dynamics data, have revealed a particularly active chemistry in warm, irradiated regions. In the Orion Bar and d203-506, we reveal the detection of OH, CH+ and CH3+ as well as their excitation at formation, allowing us to constrain the chemistry in action. Indeed, OH rotational emission, previously modeled and detected in the mid-infrared, reveals the photodissociation of water. The near-infrared emission of OH and CH+ traces the formation and excitation of these species by chemical pumping via reactions with H2: X + H2 → XH* + H. These emission lines reveal a very active water formation and destruction cycle in d203-506 (O <=> OH <=> H2O), as well as the beginning of the carbon chemistry chain (C+ → CH+ → CH2+ → CH3+) in the PDR and disk. Excitation models have enabled us to identify the observed excitation processes and translate the measured line intensities into formation and destruction rates of these species. They also enable us to constrain the physical conditions of the medium, and can be used to determine locally, from the intensity of the observed lines, the intensity of the UV field (for the photodissociation of water) or the density of the gas (for prompt emission), which are essential ingredients determining the initial conditions of stellar and planetary formation. These new diagnostics will be key to the analysis of many JWST observations, since these processes are expected to be detected in a multitude of astrophysical objects with warm, irradiated regions (protostars, outflow, planetary nebulae, etc.)
Parikka, Anna. "Properties and evolution of dense structures in the interstellar medium." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112221/document.
Full textIn this thesis I present a study of two kinds of dense ISM structures: compact cold sources detected by Planck and dense condensations in a photodissociation region (PDR), namely the Orion Bar detected by ground-based and Herschel telescopes. Both kinds of structures are closely related to star formation. The cold sources are investigated as potentially gravitationally bound, prestellar, objects. The Orion Bar is a highly FUV-illuminated (G0=104) prototypical PDR, with several known protoplanetary disks, illuminated by the young Trapezium stars.First I introduce a paper published in A&A: The Physical state of selected cold clumps. In this paper we compared the Herschel dust continuum observations from the open time key program Galactic Cold Cores to ground based molecular line observations from the 20-m radio telescope of the Onsala Space Observatory in Sweden. The clumps were selected based on their brightness and low dust color temperatures (T=10-15 K). We calculated the virial and Bonnor-Ebert masses and compared them to the masses calculated from the observations. The results indicate that most of the observed cold clumps are not necessarily prestellar.Then I move on to the warm and dense condensations of the ISM. In my study of the Orion Bar, I use observations from PACS instrument on board Herschel from the open time program Unveiling the origin and excitation mechanisms of the warm CO, OH and CH+. I present maps of 110”x110” of the methylidyne cation (CH+ J=3-2), OH doublets at 84 µm, and high-J CO (J=19-18). This is the first time that these PDR tracers are presented in such a high spatial resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. The CH+ and OH have critical densities (1010 cm-3) and upper level energy temperatures (250 K). In addition the endothermicity of the CH+ + H2 reaction (4300 K) that forms CH+ is comparable to the activation barrier of the O + H2 reaction (4800 K) forming OH. Given these similarities it is interesting to compare their emission. The spatial distribution of CH+ and OH shows the same clumpy structure of the Bar that has been seen in other observations. The morphology of CH+ and H2 confirms that CH+ formation and excitation is strongly dependent on the vibrationally excited H2, while OH is not. The peak in the OH 84 µm emission corresponds to a bright young object, identified as the externally illuminated protoplanetary disk 244-440.Finally, I study the high-J CO in the Orion Bar. I also introduce low- and mid-J CO observations of the area. The high-J CO morphology shows a clumpy structure in the Bar and we establish a link between the dense core of the clumps, traced in CS J=2-1 by Lee et al. (2013) and in H13CN by Lis and Schilke (2003). We also show that the high-J CO is mainly excited by the UV heating
Chrysostomou, Antonio. "Molecular hydrogen line emission from photodissociation regions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27794.
Full textKlumpe, Eric William. "Large-scale observations of H₂ emission in photodissociation regions /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textHosokawa, Takashi. "Dynamical expansion of ionization and photodissociation regions and triggered star formation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145081.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第11313号
理博第2871号
新制||理||1429(附属図書館)
22956
UT51-2005-D64
京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻
(主査)教授 嶺重 慎, 教授 中村 卓史, 助教授 鶴 剛
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Fossé, David. "LES HYDROCARBURES DANS LE MILIEU INTERSTELLAIRE : DES NUAGES SOMBRES AUX REGIONS DE PHOTODISSOCIATION." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003543.
Full textKim, Wonju [Verfasser]. "Ionized and Photodissociation Regions toward a New Sample of Massive Star-forming Clumps / Wonju Kim." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170777988/34.
Full textAkyilmaz, Yabaci Meltem. "Advection in photodissociation regions and its effects on the intensities of rotational lines of H(_2)O." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2179/.
Full textArab, Heddy. "Evolution des poussières interstellaires : apport des données de l'observatoire spatial Herschel." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829096.
Full textPicconi, David [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Domcke, Ville [Gutachter] Kaila, and Vivie-Riedle Regina [Gutachter] de. "Photodissociation dynamics and spectroscopy in the presence of conical intersections / David Picconi ; Gutachter: Ville Kaila, Regina de Vivie-Riedle, Wolfgang Domcke ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Domcke." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137010606/34.
Full textVastel, Charlotte. "L'oxygene dans le milieu interstellaire: l'apport des donnees spectroscopiques ISO/LWS." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002100.
Full textMaillard, Vincent. "Modèle des fronts de photoevaporation dans les régions de formation d'étoiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLO003.
Full textThe conditions of formation of stars is a fundamental question of astrophysics. The star formation rate (SFR) is linked to the mass of molecular gas by the Schmidt-Kennicutt relation. However, a star applies some feedbacks on its parent cloud in the form of winds, jets and radiation. They sweep their environment, destroying other star formation sites, but can also compress and destabilize them, triggering the formation of new stars. My thesis focused on the radiative feedback, which is vastly dominated by the one of massive stars. It creates an expanding region where the gas is ionized close to the star, followed by a region where the chemistry is dominated by photons capable of dissociating molecular hydrogen (photodissociation region, or PDR) which includes a layer of atomic hydrogen, which is too hot to form stars. Its width informs us about the fraction of gaz unable to form stars. Numerous models describe the physics and chemistry of PDRs by looking for a stationary state, and neglecting the gas dynamics. However, new observations made by Hershel in excited CO, and by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in CH+ and SH+ have changed the stationary vision of PDR structure by highlighting the role of the gas dynamics. The edge of clouds is found to be a high-pressure environment, which is strongly correlated to the impinging UV field intensity. The photo-evaporation mechanism is capable of reproducing those features: with the high-speed evaporation of hot ionized gas, the rocket effect makes a pressure wave propagate inside the cloud, explaining the high pressures observed. By the erosion of the cloud, the border withe the ionized medium, the ionization front (IF) advances into the neutral medium. PDR models have to be updated to take into account the propagation of the IF.We built a semi-analytical model of the transition between atomic and molecular gas (H/H2) including the advancing IF. We obtained that the width of the atomic region is reduced compared to static models. It can also disappear if the IF velocity exceeds a threshold value, leading to the merging of the IF and the H/H2 transition. We found analytical formulas to estimate this threshold as well as the total column density of atomic H. By comparing our theory to PDRs observations, we showed that the dynamical effects are strong, especially in the case of weakly illuminated PDRs such as the Horsehead.To prepare for the JWST observations of H2, we have implemented the computation of H2 levels in the Hydra code, which is a hydro-dynamic, time dependent code that models the physics and chemistry of photo-evaporating PDRs. The precedent study allowed to conclude that dynamical effects bring some H2 in a hotter and more illuminated region. The reduction of the IF-H/H2 distance reduces the intensity absorbed by dust, which is then converted to UV-pumping of H2 (amplification by a factor 6 for the Orion Bar, but not efficient in the Horsehead).In addition, we studied ALMA observations of the Horsehead with high spatial resolution. They show a great proximity between the IF and the CO line emission, usually present deep in the cloud. We find an upper limit of a few hundred astronomical units for the width of the atomic region. We find that isobaric, static and stationary Meudon PDR models reproduce the width of the atomic region within the limit found, and so does the dynamical models. These observations therefore do not allow us ton constrain dynamical effects.We performed a study on high spectral resolution observations of rotation-vibration lines of H2 made by the IGRINS spectrograph. We show that the line ratios do not constrain well the physical conditions, but that the population of the states of H2 are much influenced by relaxation rates induced by collisions, unlike the classical picture of a cascade mainly dominated by radiation after the UV pumping
Chevance, Mélanie. "Physical processes in the interstellar medium of the Magellanic Clouds." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC242/document.
Full textThe interstellar medium (ISM) plays a major role in galaxy evolution. Feedback from stars, in particular, drives several processes responsible for the global properties of a galaxy. However, the efficiency of these processes is related to the properties and structure of the different gas and dust ISM phases and remains uncertain. Due to the increased sensitivity and resolution of the new far-infrared (FIR) and submillimeter facilities (such as the Herschel Space Observatory, SOFIA and ALMA, in particular), it now becomes possible to study in detail the interplay between star formation and the surrounding ISM phases. This work focuses on the physical properties of the gas in the Magellanic Clouds. The Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud, our closest neighbors, both at subsolar metallicity, are good laboratories to study the interaction between star formation and environment.The 30 Doradus region, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, one of the most massive and active star forming region known in our neighborhood, is first studied in detail. We use the FIR and mid-infrared tracers, provided by the space telescopes Herschel and Spitzer, to bring constrains on the pressure, radiation field and 3D structure of the photo-dissociation regions (PDR) in this extreme region, using the Meudon PDR code. This modeling allows us to estimate the fraction of molecular gas not traced by CO, also known as the "CO-dark" molecular gas.We apply this method to other star forming regions of the Magellanic Clouds, which are characterized by different environmental conditions. This study allows us to evaluate key diagnostics of the gas heating and cooling of low metallicity resolved starburst regions. This is a first step toward understanding similar but unresolved regions, in high-redshift galaxies
"Photodissociation Processes of Ozone in the Ultraviolet Region." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6409.
Full textTakahashi, Kenshi, and けんし 高橋. "Photodissociation Processes of Ozone in the Ultraviolet Region." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6409.
Full textChang, Kuang-Yu, and 張光宇. "Photoabsorption, photoionization, and photodissociation of N2 in the wavelength region 45-100 nm." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nxpwqm.
Full text國立中央大學
化學研究所
96
Our experiment is aimed to investigate, including for the nitrogen absorption and fluorescence in the 45-60 nm region, atomic emission in particular wavelengths from 46.4 to 61.7 nm, and nitrogen resonance fluorescence of c4’(0) and b(1) states. We employed the light source at the Seya, U9 and high flux beamlines of National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center in Hsin-Chu, and measure two channels of fluorescence and one of nitrogen absorption in uv-visible (180-650 nm) and VUV (115-320nm ) by using PMTs. In 12-25 eV, the VUV fluorescence, observed clearly in higher resolution than one of P. Erman, is produced by the Codling Rydberg states, converging to C 2Σu+ nsσg state with n= 4, 5 of N2+ C-X emission and D2Πgi nlλ state with n=3 of N2+ D-A emission. All these spectra are compared with the absorption spectrum in 45-50 nm and 50-55 nm regions that we focus. In the history of nitrogen spectra, we observed directly resonance fluorescence of c4’(0) and b(1) state and atomic emission produced by the photofragment with the combination of the multichannel plate(MCP) and position sensitive detector(PSD) at the synchrotron radiation facility. Speaking of atom emission, it is also shown on MCP in some particular wavelengths from 98 nm to 150 nm when excited nitrogen atoms (2P, 4P, 4D) are produced. Finally, we conclude the cause and find the result of the spectra in this thesis.
Mei-Lin, Ho, and 何美霖. "Photodissociation of glyoxal, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde for formation of fragment HCO in the UV region." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29995841622927193995.
Full textLee, Pao-chen, and 李葆真. "Photoabsorption and Photodissociation spectra of Excited States of O2 in 105-190 nm Wavelength Region." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93017190753852704482.
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