Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Photodétecteur infrarouge'
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Cervera, Cyril. "Le photodétecteur à superréseau InAs/GaSb pour imagerie infrarouge." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20247.
Full textThis work relates to the development and the study of InAs/GaSb superlattices (SL) infrared photodetector for imaging application in mid-wave infrared domain. After having proposed the particular properties of SL, mainly related to its periodicity, and presented the various performances reached by these devices, the manufacturing process of the detectors is approached. The detecting structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy were initially characterized. Measurements showed a great crystalline quality as well as a good homogeneity on a wafer 2 inches. From these structures, we carried out the devices photodiodes. In order to overcome the surface leakage currents, which during many years limited the performances of such detectors, we developed a technological process of manufacturing of the pixels, by placing mainly the emphasis on the stage of chemical etching as well as on the protection of the side walls after etching. This study enabled us to place our components at the world state of the art in terms of dark current. Then, thanks to a better comprehension of the physical phenomena dependant on the generation of the currents in the diodes with SR and on fine characterizations (J-V, Hall effect, C-V, measurement of electronic noise) carried out on the manufactured components, this work led to definition and realization of a improved structure for the MWIR. The measurements made on this structure, known as asymmetrical, showed a reduction of one order of magnitude of dark currents, as well as a significant improvement of quantum efficiency
Durlin, Quentin. "Nouvelles structures photodétectrices à base d'antimoniures pour la détection du moyen infrarouge." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS042.
Full textSince the middle of the 2000's, new infrared photodetectors have been proposed that demonstrate better performances than photodiodes. This type of new detectors allowed the development of the compactness, reliability and energy consumption of the next generation of infrared cameras. The aim of this thesis is to study these new high performance photodetectors based on antimony semiconductors dedicated to the 3-5µm mid-infrared domain.Photodetectors performance strongly depends on the quality of its absorption material that has been characterized by diffenrent techniques. Lifetime measurements were identified as the most relevant criterion the evaluation of material quality. A state-of-the-art lifetime value has been reported at a temperature of 80K. Then, an optimized design of the photodetector has been determined using the TCAD SILVACO software. The photodetector structure has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy and devices were made by a standard fabrication process in clean room. The measured dark current was a decade lower than the typical photocurrent : this confirmed the potential of this new structure to be used as a high performance mid-infrared photodetector. Finaly, we demonstrate that the cut-off wavelength of the detector can be tuned using antimony-based superlattices
Taalat, Rachid. "Réalisation et caractérisation électro-optique de photodétecteurs infrarouges à superréseaux InAs/GaSb." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20208/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study and implementation of infrared photodetectors with InAs/GaSb superlattices (SL). Since the mid-2000s, InAs/GaSb SL are considered as new technology that can meet the criteria of the next generation of infrared (IR) photodetectors. At the Institut d'Electronique du Sud (IES) of the University of Montpellier 2, we control the fabrication of SL periodic structures by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on GaSb substrate and the technological process of pin photodiodes. These devices have performances at the state of the art in the midwave infrared spectral domain.The aim of my thesis work, funded by the DGA and in close collaboration with ONERA, was to contribute to a better understanding of the device physics and improve the performance of this IR detector. This study was carried out on mono-element (pixel), the basic elements of IR imaging system. Comparing three different InAs/GaSb structures, designed for the same detection spectral range (MWIR) but different composition and thickness (GaSb-rich, symmetric and InAs-rich), we used the flexibility offered by this technology detectors. This approach has allowed us to highlight the dependence of performances with the proportion on GaSb in the SL structure. The results obtained on InAs-rich asymmetric photodiodes are at the state of the art: dark current density of 5×10-8 A/cm2 at 77K for a reverse bias of 50 mV. In addition, the first French SL Focal Plane Array has been fabricated and tested. These results contributed to a better understanding of superlattice detectors and outline ways of promising optimization
Durlin, Quentin. "Nouvelles structures photodétectrices à base d'antimoniures pour la détection du moyen infrarouge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS042.
Full textSince the middle of the 2000's, new infrared photodetectors have been proposed that demonstrate better performances than photodiodes. This type of new detectors allowed the development of the compactness, reliability and energy consumption of the next generation of infrared cameras. The aim of this thesis is to study these new high performance photodetectors based on antimony semiconductors dedicated to the 3-5µm mid-infrared domain.Photodetectors performance strongly depends on the quality of its absorption material that has been characterized by diffenrent techniques. Lifetime measurements were identified as the most relevant criterion the evaluation of material quality. A state-of-the-art lifetime value has been reported at a temperature of 80K. Then, an optimized design of the photodetector has been determined using the TCAD SILVACO software. The photodetector structure has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy and devices were made by a standard fabrication process in clean room. The measured dark current was a decade lower than the typical photocurrent : this confirmed the potential of this new structure to be used as a high performance mid-infrared photodetector. Finaly, we demonstrate that the cut-off wavelength of the detector can be tuned using antimony-based superlattices
Lahbabi, M'hammed. "Evaluation analytique des performances du photodétecteur à absorption et multiplication séparées (SAM-APD) - 2,55 "mu"m p+ - n GaAlSb/n-GaInAsSb." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20126.
Full textDelmas, Marie. "Analyse des performances des photodiodes à superréseaux InAs/GaSb pour le moyen infrarouge." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS260.
Full textAmong the high performance cooled infrared (IR) photodetector systems, the InAs/GaSb superlattice (SL) is an emerging material which may complement the currently technologies already established. Over the last 10 years, the Institut d'Electronique du Sud (IES) of the University of Montpellier has developed skills in both the growth of SL materials by molecular beam epitaxy and the process fabrication of pin photodiodes. The photodiode fabricated by the IES group are at the state of the art in the mid IR (3 – 5 μm). During this thesis, we studied two structures with different SL periods for the pin active zone showing the same cut-off wavelength of 5 μm at 80K: the structure called InAs-rich structure presents InAs layer thicker than the GaSb layer in each SL period while this configuration is reversed in the case of the GaSb-rich structure. These SL structures have very different electrical and electro-optical characteristics. In particular, the current densities of the InAs-rich structure are very good, about 10-8 A/cm2 at 80K - two orders of magnitude greater than that of GaSb-rich. The aim of this thesis work was therefore to analyze the performance of these photodiodes. For this purpose, we developed a simulation method with the SILVACO TCAD tool. Using this tool, we found that the InAs-rich diodes are limited at low temperatures (typically under 120K) by generation recombination and/or by assisted tunneling currents. The lifetimes extracted from the simulation follows the T-1/2 law, which demonstrates that the limiting mechanism is SRH recombination. However, we found that we could not study the current densities of the GaSb-rich structure using the same procedure. We demonstrate that these results are strongly related to the presence of the electric field in the absorption zone of the device. This electric field generates, at low biases, a strong tunneling current through localized Wannier-Stark states, which strongly limits the overall current despite material improvements. Finally, we define the design conditions to achieve an optimized SL barrier structure and propose a design for SL structures targeting the long wavelength domain
Verdun, Michael. "Photodétecteurs InGaAs Nanostructurés pour l'Imagerie Infrarouge." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX051/document.
Full textDespite the outstanding performances reached by today's infrared quantum photo-detectors, progresses have been stagnating for years. The main limitation is due to the noise generated by the dark current, which requires, cooling down the devices at a cryogenic temperature for the largest wavelengths. The main objective of this thesis is to propose new concepts for overcoming these fundamental limits. By combining innovative photo-detector structures and optical nano-resonators, new structures are proposed. By reducing by more than order of magnitude the thickness of the absorbing layer, optical and electrical properties of the structure are deeply modified. As a result operating modes have to be entirely revisited. In this context, the purpose of this thesis is to characterize the behaviors, to find new compromise and to experimentally validate the nano-photonics potential to improve the performances of InGaAs photodiodes.The first part is dedicated to the study of double heterojunction InGaAs photodiodes in order to reduce both the dark current and the thickness of the structure to make it compatible with that of optical nano-resonators. The second part is devoted to the design, the fabrication and the characterization of guided mode resonant nanostructured InGaAs photo-detectors. In the third part, the remarkable properties of these photo-detectors are studied in the context of mini-arrays, the first step towards cameras realization.The concepts developed during this thesis and experimental results, pave the way to a new generation of infrared photodetector
Flament, Bruno. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de photodétecteurs organiques pour le proche infrarouge." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0303.
Full textThis thesis shows the study of different organic semiconductors and their use in organic photodetectors (OPDs). Their goal is the detection of light in the near infrared region. First, we presented a bibliographic study and a description of the working principles of OPDs. Then, we show a brief overlook of the optical and electrical properties of these materials and our selection of materials for the following study. In the main part of the study, we described the optimisation of these materials based on a reference for the fabrication and characterization process previously used for PCDTBT based OPDs. The optimization is done in multiple steps. Firstly, we decided the D:A combination present in the active layer. Then, we defined the OPDs architecture with respect to the electrodes and interfacial layers. Further optimization of the active layer in terms of D:A ratio, solvents, additives and annealing is presented. As a result, we obtained OPDs detecting light at 850 nm. The On/Off ratio reach values above 4.103 and responsivity as high as 0,15 A/W. We observed a strong impact of the phase separation in the bulk on responsivity. Finally, we described OPDs with an active layer composed of materials originating only from the project
Desgeorges, Martial. "Circuits de lecture élaborés pour matrice de photodétecteurs infrarouges." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112175.
Full textThe design of CMOS integrated readout circuits for infrared focal plane arrays follows the constant evolution of technologies. The integration capacity , at a given Silicon surface, thus tends to increase, which allows more and more complex design of circuits. A part or all the proximity electronics of the system can be brought back in the focal plane, in order to make the equipment more compact, less heavy, less expensive. . . One of the of the functions to be included is the Analog-Digital conversion. The principal constraints of such converter is the power consumption combine with an accuracy of 14 to 16 bits. We present an original architecture using a converter by column and an another one by pixel. The converter column is a converter built around the classical successive approximation architecture. It was modeled mathematically by taking into account various parasitic effects (charge injection, limited gain, parasitic capacitors, technological dispersions. . . ). It has been designed, fabricated in a standard 0. 5 mM MOS technology, and characterized. An accuracy of 6. 5 bits had been measured. The pixel converter is a type of Sigma-Delta converter. It has also modeled and simulated. The study of this hybrid architecture opens a new way of research to build new elaborated integrated readout circuits
Qu, Junling. "Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals for optoelectronic applications : photodetectors and light emitting diodes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS021.
Full textNanocrystals with a dimension below their excitonic Bohr radius can provide size-tunable optoelectronic properties, enabling on-demand tailoring of properties for specific applications. Especially, the advance of wet chemistry synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals makes them promising building blocks for the next-generation solution-processible low-cost optoelectronics such as light emitting, sensing, and harvesting. My thesis targets two aspects of the nanocrystal-based devices: infrared (IR) photodetector and light emitting diode (LED). My thesis is first focused on the heavy-metal-free IR photodetection using the intraband transition of self-doped Ag2Se or the plasmonic resonance of remotely doped ITO (tin doped indium oxide) nanocrystals. Before integrating them to photoconductive devices, I study their optical and transport properties as well as their energy spectra. I then test their IR photodetection performance and rationalize their weak performance compared with their heavy metal counterparts. In the second part of my thesis, I advance to the all-solution nanocrystal-based LEDs in the visible and SWIR, with an emphasis on their practical applications. The designed visible LED using CdSe/CdZnS nanoplatelets (NPLs) shows the lowest turn-on voltage and the longest lifetime for NPL-based LED. I also provide insights on the origin of efficiency droop. Then, this LED is coupled with a homemade PbS broadband photodetector to achieve, for the first time, an all-nanocrystal based LiFi-like communication setup. For SWIR LEDs, HgTe is used as IR emitter. By forming a HgTe/ZnO bulk heterojunction in the emitting layer, a bright SWIR LED capable of active imaging is obtained
Sirmain, Gilles. "Etude, réalisation, et métrologie de photodétecteurs infrarouge à bande d'impuretés bloquée à base de silicium dopé antimoine." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30065.
Full textGuériaux, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et théorique des photodétecteurs infrarouge à multipuits quantiques couvrant la bande spectrale 3 – 20 µm." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00547679.
Full textPerez, Jean-Philippe. "Caractérisation de photodétecteurs quantiques d'ondes refroidis à base de Hg0. 7Cd0. 3Te : Etude du bruit électrique basse fréquence à l'obscurité et sous flux infrarouge." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20062.
Full textGuériaux, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et théorique des photodétecteurs infrarouge à multipuits quantiques couvrant la bande spectrale3-20 μm : physique, optimisation et nouvelles fonctionnalités." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077263.
Full textThe QWIP (Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector) is a multidisciplinary component: material science for thegrowth, electronic transport through the active layer and electromagnetic modeling of the optical coupling. It is necessary to control each element in order to make this technology usable for infrared imagery. This thesis aims at expanding the spectral range of QWIPs. We study the common physics as well as the specificities of this component between 3 and 20 μm. After introducing the basic features of infrared imaging and the QWIP itself, we expose the results of a structural and chemical study of AlGaAs/InGaAs heterostructures. This alloy constitutes the basis of the detector, which explains why the extension of the spectral range requires the control, and so the knowledge of the material. Then, this thesis focus on the different electronic transport in QWIPs: sequential resonant tunneling, high field and thermionic regimes. Although these behaviors are observed in every sample, some of them are limiting thé transport for few specific operating conditions. Finally, thanks to the control of the various stages of design and manufacturing, we present several detectors for terrestrial and space applications in the spectral ranges [3-5 μm] and [10-20 μm]
Jourba, Sergueï. "Photodétecteurs infrarouge à cavité résonnante à base de matériaux III-V de la filière Inp couvrant la gamme 1,7-2,2 um." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECDL0024.
Full textAlchaar, Rodolphe. "Fabrication and characterization of InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetectors for the long-wave infrared." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS028.
Full textThis PhD thesis reports the development of InAs/GaSb type-2 superlattice (T2SL)-based barrier photodetectors operating in the long-wave (LWIR) and very long-waveinfrared (VLWIR). The main properties of this material were described as well asthe advantages it offers for LWIR detection.The InAs/GaSb T2SL absorber was implemented in a barrier structure with anInAs/AlSb SL barrier layer and an InAs/GaSb contact layer. The performance of theproposed structure was analyzed using the commercial software Silvaco ATLAS. Thestructure was grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and the samples showedgood crystalline quality and homogeneity across the 2-inch wafer as determined byhigh-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and photoluminescencemeasurements. LWIR and VLWIR devices were fabricated by a photolithographybasedprocedure developped at IES.Fabricated devices were characterized electrically and electro-optically. The measurements included J(V), C(V) and non-calibrated photoresponse. The devices exhibited cut-off wavelengths close to their targeted values with dark current levels at the state of the art of T2SL IR detectors. However, the first devices suffered from a high operating bias and for that reason, a new optimized structure was designed. New wafers were grown based on the optimized design dedicated to LWIR and VLWIR focal plane array fabrication
Rodriguez, Jean-Baptiste. "Superréseaux InAs/GaSb réalisés par épitaxie par jets moléculaires pour photodétection à 300 K dans le moyen-infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618583.
Full textXiang, Hengyang. "Colloidal nanocrystals applied for short-wave infrared photodetectors with fast response." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS423.
Full textShort-wave infrared (SWIR) typically refers to the photons in the wavelength range from 1 to 3 micrometers. Applications in this wavelength window exploit various advantages such as long penetration length in biological tissue, spectral coverage of the atmospheric nightglow, and the characteristic excitation energy of certain molecular vibration modes. SWIR photodetectors are thus the key technological components to achieve optical communication, environmental gas sensing, biodiagnostics, and passive night vision. Current SWIR technologies mainly rely on low-bandgap compound semiconductors, such as InGaAs, InSb, PbS, and HgCdTe. While classical SWIR photodetectors exhibit excellent detectivity, they are costly (due to epitaxial growth requirement) and/or environment unfriendly involving highly toxic elements. There are, therefore, continuous research and development efforts for alternative material systems and fabrication methods to expand the scope of applications of SWIR photodetection. In recent years, many new materials have been proposed, including black phosphorus, graphene, MoS2, and colloidal PbS nanocrystals. They show great promise in terms of operation at high modulation frequencies or high sensitivity. But some disadvantages still keep them away from the market: rigorous production process (poor reproducibility), non-adaptability to scale-up fabrication, manufactory safety and security concerns (due to the use of highly toxic elements). Alternatively, solution-processed colloidal nanoparticles, such as colloidal gold nanorods (Au NRs) and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), exhibit interesting characteristics possible to overcome these disadvantages: capability of scaling-up synthesis, solution-processability adaptable to low-cost fabrication, high stability, low biological toxicity, and good optical absorption for SWIR photons. This PhD thesis aims to apply these colloidal nanoparticles to fabricate SWIR photodetectors and verifies their possibilities for new generation of photodetection. A few SWIR photodetectors (Au-NRs/Thermistor, Au-NRs/Pt photodetector and UCNPs/Polymers photodetector) were developed in this work, showing high responsivity and sensitivity. In addition, the preparation of these devices is a low-cost and scalable up to mass production process both in the materials synthesis and device fabrication, opening a new and convenient path to the next-generation SWIR photodetectors