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Journal articles on the topic 'Photocopiers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Kasi, V., N. Elango, S. Ananth, B. Vembhu, and JG Poornima. "Occupational exposure to photocopiers and their toners cause genotoxicity." Human & Experimental Toxicology 37, no. 2 (February 20, 2017): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327117693068.

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Photocopier machines are inevitable office equipment, but they are also sources of air pollution. Millions of people across the world are involved in the operation and maintenance of photocopiers. We aimed to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of exposure to photocopiers in photocopier operators and maintenance personnel by Comet assay. This study involved 50 photocopier operators, 61 maintenance personnel and 52 controls. Both the photocopier exposed groups exhibited significantly increased DNA damage when compared to controls. Cumulative exposure to photocopiers was the most significant contributor for genotoxicity ( p < 0.001). Genotoxicity among photocopier maintenance personnel may be due to the presence of carbon black, iron, silicon, magnetite and the high levels of other elements in the photocopier toners. Genotoxicity among photocopier operators might be due to exposure to high levels of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds emitted by photocopiers during operation. Research is essential to improve toner manufacturing processes and chemical composition of toners to reduce genotoxicity. Clean technologies are the need of the day to cut down on particulate matter and volatile organic compound emissions from photocopiers.

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2

Jasuja, Om Prakash, Suryakant Mishra, and Mohinder Singh. "The effect of photocopier types on line quality features of handwriting in multi-generational photocopies." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 59 (November 9, 2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.59.5.

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The present research was aimed at finding out the relative effect of advancement in photocopier technology on the analysis of handwriting line quality features in multi-generational photocopies. Five subsequent multi-generational photocopies of 50 signature samples from different individuals which were produced by 75 black and white photocopiers were used for line quality assessments. Variations in line quality features in different photocopy generations, such as: smooth edges or ragged edges, broken or continuous stroke, fine tapering changes, and some identification details of features like pen lifts, retouching, and hesitation were carefully observed in sample photocopies, which were recorded according to the brand and model of photocopier machines, as well as their size and speed. The results of the study revealed that raggedness in line was often observed in third generation (G3) and higher generations, in samples produced by some low speed copiers (copying speed < 30 cpm) or very high speed copiers (copying speed ≤ 80 cpm). However, their line quality was still found to be good enough for handwriting analysis up to the fifth generation (G5) in photocopy samples produced by some medium speed copiers (copying speed 30 to 50 cpm). It was, however, observed that, usually, continuity of line and smoothness of line were appreciably lost in G3 and higher generations in photocopies which were produced by portable desktop printers. Exceptionally, certain artifacts that are usually found in some higher generation copies were conspicuously absent in all photocopy generations (G1–G5) which were produced by some advanced third generation photocopiers. Hopefully, the information obtained from the study will be found useful to document examiners when examining certain cases involving multi-generations of photocopier reproductions.

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3

Yuli Prasetyo, Dwi. "Sistem Diagnosis Kerusakan Mesin Fotocopy Canon iR 5000." JUTI UNISI 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/juti.v3i2.837.

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A photocopier is one of the devices needed in the printing business. The photocopier used by small companies in Indonesia is the Canon photocopier, Canon's trademark is well-known and quality in the safe. Photocopier technology is increasingly growing with the times. Once invited by Canon photocopiers, there are many variants of Canon photocopiers that can be marketed in Indonesia from the latest series to the old series, the writer takes one sample, using a Canon iR5000 copy machine, because this photocopier is widely used by small devices, so it is very it's easy to find research samples. During this time when there is damage or error in the Canon iR5000 copy machine the user will ask a technician who is an expert in the copy machine, to help repair the damage to the copy machine, so the user requires additional costs in maintenance. Therefore, an expert system will be designed to diagnose damage to the Canon iR5000 photocopier, with this expert system will help users of the Canon iR5000 photocopier in dealing with machine software error machine errors, so that users are comfortable and calm in using the copier, anything will increase use value for photocopiers, so it can be used to increase sales turnover for small and medium businesses.

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4

&NA;. "Contamination from Photocopiers." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 30, no. 10 (October 1988): 762–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-198810000-00003.

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5

Bickmore, J. T. "Fluorescent Lamps in Photocopiers." Science 284, no. 5411 (April 2, 1999): 49f—49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5411.49f.

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6

OSADOLOR, H. B., O. D. VITTU, and U. O. IDEMUDIA. "TOXICITY OF COPPER, LEAD, IRON AND ZINC IN OCCUPATIONAL PHOTOCOPIER OPERATORS AND REPAIRERS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN COMMUNITY- A PILOT STUDY." Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029) 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/njls.v5i1.228.

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Photocopying serves as a good source of employment to many Nigerian youths and its importance cannot be overemphasized. Photocopiers are used on a regular basis without any protective measure. Photocopiers emit toner dust which contains certain toxic metals and volatile organic compounds. These toxic metals include Copper, Lead, Iron and Zinc. This study was conducted to ascertain complexicity of Copper, Lead, Iron and Zinc accumulates in the body of occupational users of photocopiers and their possible health hazards via blood analysis. Seventy (70) subjects including test and controls (non users of photocopiers) of 18 years and above were recruited for the study. Plasma was analysed for Copper, Lead, Iron and Zinc using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS).The mean± standard error of mean of Copper, Lead and Iron in professional operators of photocopiers (91.50 ± 3.66, 0.00 ± 0.00, and 100.2 ± 3.18 respectively) were surprisingly significantly lower when compared with their controls (non-users) (161.48 ± 8.78, 0.01± 0.00 and 140.22 ± 8.78 respectively). The mean ± standard error of zinc was slightly higher in occupational users of photocopiers (98.45 ± 1.59) when compared with controls (98.11 ± 4.39) though this was not significant.Copper deficiency has been known to cause several disorders of the central nervous system including ataxia, tremor, clonic seizure, hypomyelination or demyelination and reduced levels of sphingolipides while low plasma iron is seen in iron deficiency anaemia. Plasma Copper, Lead and Iron were significantly lower in operators of photocopiers who come in contact with toner powders than in their control while plasma Zinc was slightly higher

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7

Iyere, Sunday F., Bernard O. A. Ozigi, and Joseph K. Yeboah. "Response characteristics of a negative temperature coefficient thermistor." Journal of Electrical, Control and Telecommunication Research 1 (July 29, 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jectr.vol1.113.

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This article focuses on the thermistor as a device that is widely used for temperature measurement and control in most electrical and electronic devices and appliances. The research is based on the type of thermistor used in photocopiers with particular reference to Minolta Bizhub (model-210) photocopier. The resistance and temperature were recorded by the application of conventional heat to deduce the response curves of resistance versus temperature and resistance/time. Results obtained from the characteristics show that the thermistor employed in the photocopier is a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) device. Also, there was a time variation in the response of the thermistor resistance to temperature changes, which indicates that the thermistor under test functions as a temperature control device. The shape of resistance versus temperature curve appeared to be similar to that of a typical NTC thermistor characteristics.

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8

Morton, Susan E. "A Look at Newer Photocopiers." Journal of Forensic Sciences 34, no. 2 (March 1, 1989): 12658J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs12658j.

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9

Wolkoff, Peter. "Photocopiers and indoor air pollution." Atmospheric Environment 33, no. 13 (June 1999): 2129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00066-7.

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10

Nakashima, Takuya, Hiroyuki Suhara, Hidekazu Murata, and Hiroshi Shimoyama. "Method for Estimating the Charge Density Distribution on a Dielectric Surface." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 3 (April 12, 2017): 472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617000423.

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AbstractHigh-quality color output from digital photocopiers and laser printers is in strong demand, motivating attempts to achieve fine dot reproducibility and stability. The resolution of a digital photocopier depends on the charge density distribution on the organic photoconductor surface; however, directly measuring the charge density distribution is impossible. In this study, we propose a new electron optical instrument that can rapidly measure the electrostatic latent image on an organic photoconductor surface, which is a dielectric surface, as well as a novel method to quantitatively estimate the charge density distribution on a dielectric surface by combining experimental data obtained from the apparatus via a computer simulation. In the computer simulation, an improved three-dimensional boundary charge density method (BCM) is used for electric field analysis in the vicinity of the dielectric material with a charge density distribution. This method enables us to estimate the profile and quantity of the charge density distribution on a dielectric surface with a resolution of the order of microns. Furthermore, the surface potential on the dielectric surface can be immediately calculated using the obtained charge density. This method enables the relation between the charge pattern on the organic photoconductor surface and toner particle behavior to be studied; an understanding regarding the same may lead to the development of a new generation of higher resolution photocopiers.

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11

James Gerhart, F. "Identification of Photocopiers from Fusing Roller Defects." Journal of Forensic Sciences 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 13220J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs13220j.

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12

Mazzella, W. D., C. Roux, and C. J. Lennard. "The computer-assisted identification of colour photocopiers." Science & Justice 35, no. 2 (April 1995): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(95)72644-2.

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13

Brown, S. K. "Assessment of Pollutant Emissions from Dry-Process Photocopiers." Indoor Air 9, no. 4 (December 1999): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1999.00005.x.

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14

Khaneboubi, Mehdi, and Camille Roux-Goupille. "Les documents polycopiés, un instrument au service des pratiques enseignantes pour ajuster les compétences scripturales des élèves et les contenus enseignés." Swiss Journal of Educational Research 42, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24452/sjer.42.1.10.

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L’interprétation des discours de 46 enseignant.e.s de lycées généraux, technologiques et professionnels nous fait considérer la production de documents photocopiés comme une adaptation des contenus enseignés aux capacités de lecture et d’écritures des élèves. Les compétences scripturales des élèves orientent la stratégie d’enseignement des enseignant.e.s et la nature des photocopies. Selon qu’ils considèrent que leurs élèves ont besoin de s’exercer à lire ou à écrire, ils conçoivent un document adapté à cette estimation. Lorsque les élèves sont de bons lecteurs, le support devient invisible et la stratégie d’enseignement et de conception de la photocopie est focalisée sur les contenus uniquement.

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15

Young, Virginia E. "Things They Didn't Teach Me in Library School: Photocopiers." College & Undergraduate Libraries 18, no. 1 (March 10, 2011): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2011.550538.

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16

Fayard, Anne-Laure, and John Weeks. "Photocopiers and Water-coolers: The Affordances of Informal Interaction." Organization Studies 28, no. 5 (May 2007): 605–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840606068310.

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There has been increasing recognition of the importance of informal interactions in organizations, but research examining the effects of the physical environment on informal interaction has produced contradictory results and practical attempts to control the level of informal interaction by design have been marked by unintended consequences. Drawing on a qualitative study of informal interactions observed in photocopier rooms in three organizations, this paper builds on the work of ecological psychologist James Gibson to develop a theory of the affordances of informal interaction. The affordances of an environment are the possibilities for action called forth by it to a perceiving subject. Research on affordances has typically focused on the affordances of individual behavior. We introduce the notion of social affordances and identify the social and physical characteristics that produce the propinquity, privacy, and social designation necessary for an environment to afford informal interactions. The theory of social affordances provides a lens through which to reinterpret the conflicting results of previous studies and to reexamine the seemingly simple water-cooler around which the organization gathers.

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17

Shaw, Marjorie Hodges, and Brian B. Shaw. "Copyright in the Age of Photocopiers, Word Processors, and the Internet." Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning 35, no. 6 (November 2003): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00091380309604124.

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18

Zhang, Yipei, Anila Bello, David K. Ryan, Philip Demokritou, and Dhimiter Bello. "Elevated Urinary Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage in Photocopier Operators following Acute and Chronic Exposures." Nanomaterials 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12040715.

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Inhalation exposures to nanoparticles (NPs) from printers and photocopiers have been associated with upper airway and systemic inflammation, increased blood pressure, and cases of autoimmune and respiratory disorders. In this study we investigate oxidative stress induced by exposures to copier-emitted nanoparticles using a panel of urinary oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers representing DNA damage (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG; 8-hydroxyguanosine, 8-OHG; 5-hydroxymethyl uracil 5-OHMeU), lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane; 4-hydroxynonenal, HNE), and protein oxidation biomarkers (o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine) under conditions of acute (single 6 h exposure, 9 volunteers, 110 urine samples) and chronic exposures (6 workers, 11 controls, 81 urine samples). Urinary biomarkers were quantified with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction sample cleanup. 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 8-isoprostane, and HNE were significantly elevated in both the acute and chronic exposure study participants relative to the controls. In the acute exposure study, the geometric mean ratios post-/pre-exposure were 1.42, 1.10, 2.0, and 2.25, respectively. Urinary 8-OHG and HNE increased with time to at least 36 h post-exposure (post-/pre-exposure GM ratios increased to 3.94 and 2.33, respectively), suggesting slower generation and/or urinary excretion kinetics for these biomarkers. In chronically exposed operators, the GM ratios of urinary biomarkers relative to controls ranged from 1.52 to 2.94, depending on the biomarker. O-Tyrosine and 5-OHMeU biomarkers were not significantly different from the controls. 3-chlorotyrosine and 3-nitrotyrosine were not detected in the urine samples. We conclude that NPs from photocopiers induce systemic oxidative stress by damaging DNA, RNA, and lipids. Urinary levels of 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, HNE, and 8-isoprostane were orders of magnitude higher than in nanocomposite processing workers, comparable to nano titanium dioxide and fiberglass manufacturing workers, but much lower than in shipyard welding and carbon nanotube synthesis workers. Biomarkers 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, 8-isoprostane, and HNE appear to be more sensitive and robust urinary biomarkers for monitoring oxidative stress to NPs from photocopiers.

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19

Bello, Dhimiter, John Martin, Christopher Santeufemio, Qingwei Sun, Kristin Lee Bunker, Martin Shafer, and Philip Demokritou. "Physicochemical and morphological characterisation of nanoparticles from photocopiers: implications for environmental health." Nanotoxicology 7, no. 5 (June 14, 2012): 989–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2012.689883.

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20

Khisroon, Muhammad, Ajmal Khan, Nazia Hassan, Farrah Zaidi, and Javeed Farooqi. "Biomonitoring of DNA Damage in Photocopiers’ Workers From Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 62, no. 9 (August 5, 2020): e527-e530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000001964.

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21

Levy, Eugene J., and Thomas P. Wampler. "Applications of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry to Toner Materials from Photocopiers." Journal of Forensic Sciences 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 11880J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs11880j.

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22

Mizrachi, Nissim, Zeev Aizenshtat, Shlomo Levy, and Rina Elkayam. "Classification and Identification of Color Photocopiers By FT-IR and GC/MS." Journal of Forensic Sciences 43, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 16220J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs16220j.

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23

Kowalska, Joanna, Małgorzata Szewczyńska, and Małgorzata Pośniak. "Measurements of chlorinated volatile organic compounds emitted from office printers and photocopiers." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, no. 7 (October 18, 2014): 5241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3672-3.

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24

Markovič, Jaromír, Radko Popovič, Peter Trebuňa, Miriam Pekarčíková, and Marek Kliment. "Virtual Commissioning as a Part of Mechatronical System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 816 (November 2015): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.816.521.

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The paper deals with the mechatronical system, that are necessary during the implementation of the production processes in the companies. Mechatronics systems is a relatively new approach to product design and development, merging the principles of electrical, mechanical, computer and industrial engineering. Examples include robots, photocopiers, PC disk drives, sensors, automotive equipment sucha s anti-lock braking systems and many others. This paper focuses on robots and their possibilities of commissioning to the real production processes.

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25

Stack, K. D., and R. C. Benson. "A Study of Friction Feed Paper Separation." Journal of Engineering for Industry 115, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901655.

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An understanding of the mechanics of paper separation is very important to the design of reliable photocopiers, and in this paper a model is developed to simulate friction feed paper separation. The importance of such system parameters as roller acceleration and compressive load is demonstrated. The variability of friction coefficients is shown to have a significant effect on feeding reliability. Experimental data are shown to be in good agreement with predicted results. Recommendations are made for the design of reliable friction feed paper separators.

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26

Hsu, D. J., H. L. Huang, H. Y. Lin, and T. S. Lin. "Potential Volatile Organic Compound Exposure from Dry Process Photocopiers in Operation-Idle Mode." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 76, no. 6 (June 2006): 922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-006-1006-y.

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27

Landes, William, and Douglas Lichtman. "Indirect Liability for Copyright Infringement: Napster and Beyond." Journal of Economic Perspectives 17, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533003765888467.

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When individuals infringe copyright, they often use tools, services, and venues provided by other parties. An enduring legal question asks to what extent those other parties should be held liable for the resulting infringement. For example, should a firm that produces photocopiers be required to compensate authors for any unauthorized copies made on that firm's machines? What about firms that manufacture personal computers or offer Internet access; should they be held liable, at least in part, for online music piracy? In this essay, we examine how modern copyright law addresses these questions and we evaluate the resulting system on economic grounds.

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28

Falk, Oliver. "»Typewriting Medicine« – Bürotechnologische Innovationen und klinische Verwaltung am Beispiel der Charité Berlin, 1890–1932." Administory 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adhi-2022-0004.

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Abstract Modern hospitals are not only places of treatment, healing and scientific research, but bureaucratic colossi whose administrative and organizational structures changed fundamentally through the gradual implementation of new innovative office technologies in the first half of the 20th century. Against this background of media technological change the article aims to trace the fundamental transformation of administrative practices in hospitals between 1890 and 1932, using the Charité Berlin as an example, and paying attention to the ways of transmission and adaption of these new office technologies such as typewriters, photocopiers, file folders, card index and punch card systems into clinical administration.

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29

Khatri, Madhu, Dhimiter Bello, Peter Gaines, John Martin, Anoop K. Pal, Rebecca Gore, and Susan Woskie. "Nanoparticles from photocopiers induce oxidative stress and upper respiratory tract inflammation in healthy volunteers." Nanotoxicology 7, no. 5 (June 14, 2012): 1014–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2012.691998.

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30

Leovic, Kelly, Don Whitaker, Coleen Northeim, and Linda Sheldon. "Evaluation of a Test Method for Measuring Indoor Air Emissions from Dry-Process Photocopiers." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 48, no. 10 (October 1998): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1998.10463750.

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31

Tuomi, Tapani, Bernt Engström, Raimo Niemelä, Juha Svinhufvud, and Kari Reijula. "Emission of Ozone and Organic Volatiles from a Selection of Laser Printers and Photocopiers." Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 15, no. 8 (January 2000): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473220050075635.

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32

Hsu, D. J., H. L. Huang, C. H. Chien, and T. S. Lin. "Potential Exposure to VOCs Caused by Dry Process Photocopiers: Results From a Chamber Study." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 75, no. 6 (December 2005): 1150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-005-0869-7.

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33

Found, Bryan, Doug Rogers, and Allan Herkt. "Comparison of Document Examiners' Opinions on Original and Photocopied Signatures." Journal of Forensic Document Examination 28 (December 31, 2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31974/jfde28-27-34.

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There is a lack of empirical evidence concerning document examiners’ ability to perform handwriting comparisons on photocopied writings. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of examiners’ opinions on 260 original questioned signatures and on the same signatures that had been photocopied. Six of the examiners from the Document Examination Section of the New Zealand Police participated in the study, which comprised two trials. Each trial was constructed according to the accepted process of comparing a group of known (specimen) signatures with a group of questioned signatures where the writer was known to the experimenters but not to the document examiners. One trial contained originals of the specimen and questioned signatures and the other comprised photocopies of the same specimen and questioned signatures. No errors regarding authorship were made for original or photocopied signatures, and there were no instances where an identification/elimination opinion was reversed between a photocopy and its original. Only 2.3% of opinions relating to an original signature differed in any way from that offered for its photocopy. The high correct rates for questioned genuine signatures were similar for original (100%) and photocopied signatures (98%). The correct opinion rate regarding the process of production of original and photocopied, simulated, questioned signatures combined was 99.7%. The results provide evidence that examiners are able to make comparisons on a complex signature with the same accuracy and similar sensitivity when using either originals or photocopies. Purchase Article - $10

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34

Tchan, J. S. "Forensic Examination of Laser Printers and Photocopiers Using Digital Image Analysis to Assess Print Characteristics." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 51, no. 4 (2007): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.(2007)51:4(299).

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35

Kamigaki, Koshi, Mitsutaka Matsumoto, and Yun Arifatul Fatimah. "Remanufacturing and Refurbishing in Developed and Developing Countries in Asia – A Case Study in Photocopiers." Procedia CIRP 61 (2017): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.223.

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36

To, Hien Thi, and Hanh Thuy Lai. "INVESTIGATION OF THE OZONE POLLUTION LEVEL IN SOME PHOTOCOPY ENTERPRISES AND METHOD OF TREATMENT." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2011): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i4.2040.

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This study measured the ozone pollution level in 4 photocopy shops in Ho Chi Minh City during 2 months, from March to April 2010. The result indicated that ozone concentration increases rapidly when the photocopiers start. The highest concentration of ozone is seemed to be from 11h30 to 16h30 every day. The concentration at the entrance is lower than at the center of the photocopy enterprise. Besides, this study also evaluated the ozone absorption rates of Epipremnum Aureum plant by a hermetic model. The result showed that the absorption rates increase by time, reach to 78.9% after 3 days. Consequently, we can use this plant to reduce the high ozone concentration in the photocopy shops.

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37

Khatri, Madhu, Dhimiter Bello, Anoop K. Pal, Joel M. Cohen, Susan Woskie, Thomas Gassert, Jiaqi Lan, April Z. Gu, Philip Demokritou, and Peter Gaines. "Evaluation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and inflammatory responses of nanoparticles from photocopiers in three human cell lines." Particle and Fibre Toxicology 10, no. 1 (2013): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-10-42.

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38

Steintrager, James A., and Rey Chow. "Dispatches to the Dead: Delegation, Consumption, and Mischievous Pleasure (Thinking with Robert Pfaller in the So-called Present)." boundary 2 49, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-9644597.

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Abstract For the past twenty years or so, the Austrian cultural theorist Robert Pfaller has been positing and analyzing the concepts of “interpassivity” (as opposed to interactivity) and the delegation of enjoyment both in sacred rituals and in relation to various media of reproduction (such as video recorders and photocopiers). Steintrager and Chow argue that Pfaller's insights into delegation as a key and understudied feature of media ecologies are particularly relevant today, as delegation of various activities has intensified. However, the latest media and technologies, which gather so much information about us that we end up in a state of informational debt, pose a challenge to his thesis that delegation is an unconscious strategy for seeking relief from the onslaught of images, commodities, and information.

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39

DYBING, STEPHEN T., STEVEN A. BRUDVIG, JAMES A. WIEGAND, and EMIL A. HUANG. "A Simple Method for Estimating the Extent of Surface Crystal Development on Colored Cheddar Cheese." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.6.421.

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A simple, non-destructive method for estimating the extent of crystal development as white specks on the surface of colored Cheddar cheese is described. This method involves photocopying the surface of the cheese with a photocopier set at an exposure calibrated to clearly show the crystals. The photocopies of the cheese surface are then compared to a series of photocopies showing designated increases in crystal growth. Crystal development was rated as follows: 0 = no crystals, 1= light, 2 = medium, 3 = heavy, and 4 = very heavy to encrusted crystal development. The method does not disrupt or destroy the environmental conditions existing in the cheese package, allowing extended shelf life studies to be done on the same piece of cheese. However, the photocopy technique may not work as well with white cheese or cheeses without flat surfaces.

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Weber, Jerry. "Photocopiers—friend or foe? A survey by the preservation and conservation group of the society of archivists." Journal of the Society of Archivists 14, no. 1 (March 1993): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00379819309511694.

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Found, Bryan, Doug Rogers, and Allan Herkt. "Comparison of document examiners’ opinions on original and photocopied signatures." Journal of Forensic Document Examination 29 (December 31, 2019): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31974/jfde29-83-89.

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There is a lack of empirical evidence concerning document examiners’ ability to perform handwriting compari sons on photocopied writings. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of examiners’ opinions on 260 original questioned signatures and on the same signatures that had been photocop ied. Six of the examiners from the Document Examination Section of the New Zealand Police participated in the study, which comprised two trials. Each trial was constructed ac cording to the accepted process of comparing a group of known (specimen) signatures with a group of questioned signatures where the writer was known to the experimenters but not to the document examiners. One trial contained originals of the specimen and questioned signatures and the other comprised photocopies of the same specimen and questioned signatures. No errors regarding authorship were made for original or pho tocopied signatures, and there were no instances where an identification/elimination opinion was reversed between a photocopy and its original. Only 2.3% of opinions relating to an original signature differed in any way from that offered for its photocopy. The high correct rates for questioned genuine signatures were similar for original (100%) and photocopied signatures (98%). The correct opinion rate regarding the proc ess of production of original and photocopied, simulated, ques tioned signatures combined was 99.7%. The results provide evidence that examiners are able to make comparisons on a complex signature with the same accuracy and similar sensi tivity when using either originals or photocopies. Purchase Article - $10

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PERKS, HELEN. "EXPLORING PROCESSES OF RESOURCE EXCHANGE AND CO-CREATION IN STRATEGIC PARTNERING FOR NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Innovation Management 08, no. 01 (March 2004): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919604000952.

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This study articulates and explains the process of resource evolution in long-term new product development collaboration between competing large firms. By adopting a resource-based view of collaboration, the study maps, at a micro level, the evolution of R&D skills within an Italian manufacturer (Olivetti), co-developing mid-range photocopiers with a Japanese manufacturer (Canon), throughout four periods of time (from 1985 to 1998). The study identifies and explores activities leading to resource changes in each period and unravels the underlying explanatory processes behind such behaviour and outcomes. Findings from the study indicate that value in long-term co-development derives from the enduring exchange processes developed throughout the collaboration. The results suggest that investment in processes and mechanisms to adapt and evaluate resources, over time, acts as a critical precursor to effective resource exchange and value creation.

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Batakliev, Todor, Vladimir Georgiev, Metody Anachkov, Slavcho Rakovsky, and Slavcho Rakovsky. "Ozone decomposition." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0008.

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ABSTRACT Catalytic ozone decomposition is of great significance because ozone is a toxic substance commonly found or generated in human environments (aircraft cabins, offices with photocopiers, laser printers, sterilizers). Considerable work has been done on ozone decomposition reported in the literature. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the literature, concentrating on analysis of the physico-chemical properties, synthesis and catalytic decomposition of ozone. This is supplemented by a review on kinetics and catalyst characterization which ties together the previously reported results. Noble metals and oxides of transition metals have been found to be the most active substances for ozone decomposition. The high price of precious metals stimulated the use of metal oxide catalysts and particularly the catalysts based on manganese oxide. It has been determined that the kinetics of ozone decomposition is of first order importance. A mechanism of the reaction of catalytic ozone decomposition is discussed, based on detailed spectroscopic investigations of the catalytic surface, showing the existence of peroxide and superoxide surface intermediates

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Igun, Stella E. "Strategic Impact of ICT on Modern Day Banking in Nigeria." International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsita.2014100105.

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This paper examined impact of ICT on modern day banking relating to Ecobank Plc, Abraka Nigeria. The scope of the study covered staff of Ecobank Plc Abraka. The descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study was 72 respondents. Questionnaire were used to collect data from 72 respondents. Simple percentage and frequency count were used to analyse the data. It was found out that computers, internet scanners photocopiers, printers, e-mails, telecommunication, ATM and www are the ICT facilities available for use in Ecobank Plc Abraka. It was also found out that ICT has impacted the activities of the bank in the areas of speed delivery, on-line financial transaction, mobile banking services, reduction of long queues and congestion in the banking hall, easy communication between staff and customers, etc. The paper recommended that more adequate ICT facilities should be provided in the bank for utilization and staff should be adequately trained on the use of ICT facilities for greater efficiency.

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David, Andrew J., Timothy S. Karasek, and Carl W. Ramm. "A comparison of ultraviolet light and benzidine stain for determining heartwood–sapwood boundaries in red pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-157.

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Thirteen cross-sectional samples of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) were used to examine differences in estimation of heartwood area using ultraviolet light and benzidine stain. The samples were sanded and examined under ultraviolet light. Heartwood boundaries were marked on each sample, and the sample was then photocopied. Samples were sanded again to remove existing markings, stained, and photocopied. The heartwood areas were then carefully removed from the photocopies using a razor blade. A Delta-T area meter was used to determine heartwood area (cm2) per sample. Comparison of ultraviolet and staining data by a paired t-test indicated no significant difference between means at the 0.10 level. The use of ultraviolet light in red pine appears not only to be an acceptable method of measurement, but also is efficient and nontoxic in comparison to staining techniques.

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Sakamoto, Keiichi, Eiko Ohno-Okumura, Taku Kato, and Hisashi Soga. "Synthesis of near-infrared absorbed metal phthalocyanine with S-aryl groups at non-peripheral positions." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 14, no. 01 (January 2010): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424610001726.

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Phthalocyanines are used as various applications, including as organic charge carriers in photocopiers, laser light absorbers in data storage systems, photoconductors in photovoltaic cells and electrochromic displays, and non-colored transparent film in visible region. The absorption maxima of phthalocyanines are best if moved near the infrared region for these applications. The Q band of phthalocyanines can be moved to bathochromic effects through extension of a π conjugation system such as naphthalocyanines and anthracyanines. Yields of naphthalocyanines and anthracyanines are, however, low. To solve the problem, novel metal phthalocyanines having non-peripheral S-aryl substituent were synthesized. The novel phthalocyanines show a high strain structure and no liquid crystal property. The target compounds were synthesized: 15 phthalocyanines from 2,3-dicyanohydroquinone in 3 steps via 1,2-dicyanobenzene-3,6-bis(trifluorate) and 1,2-dicyanobenzene-3,6-thiophenols. The Q bands of obtained compounds appeared in the near-infrared region. In particular, lead 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakis(thiophenylmethyl)phthalocyanine shows a Q band at 857 nm. Furthermore, non-colored transparent films in the visible region can be produced.

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Phillpot, Clive. "Twentysix gasoline stations that shook the world: the rise and fall of cheap booklets as art." Art Libraries Journal 18, no. 1 (1993): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200008178.

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The term ‘artists’ books’ has been used since about 1970 to denote inexpensive booklets produced by artists in ‘unlimited’ editions, but can legitimately embrace a variety of artefacts; the word ‘bookwork’, coined in 1975, carries the more specific meaning of a work of art in book form. Ed Ruscha’s Twentysix Gasoline Stations, published in 1963, was a pioneering bookwork; it was followed by more bookworks from the same artist through the next ten years; however, Ruscha’s innovatory productions had been preceded by a number of experiments with the book format, by Bruno Munari, Åke Hodell, and others, during the 1950s and early 1960s. Bookworks flourished in the 1970s as a means of making actual works of art available to a wide audience, but in the 1980s this ideal was gradually overtaken by a growing tendency towards making bookworks as precious, costly collectables, in limited editions, while some of the earlier, once cheap bookworks began to sell for inflated prices on the secondhand market. Nonetheless, many artists are continuing to produce relatively inexpensive bookworks, sometimes using photocopiers, or to publish artists’ magazines. The work of Telfer Stokes demonstrates that the multiple book format remains an exciting and accessible medium in the hands of a committed artist.

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Olajumoke, Akinwumi, Babalola Yemisi, and Alegbeleye Gabriel. "INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY USE ON EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATION OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA." International Journal of Innovative Research in Education, Technology & Social Strategies 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijiretss.v8.i1.04.

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This study investigated information and communication technology use on effective administration of senior secondary schools. It evaluated the extent of use of the various ICT devices and their influence on the administration of secondary schools. To guide the study, one research question and one hypothesis were tested. The design used for the study was survey design and the population comprised the school administrators involved in the running of the schools on a daily basis and these were the principals, vice- principals and heads of the various subjects’ departments in the public senior schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. The instrument for data collection was a 19-item questionnaire while means and t-test statistics were used for data analysis. Findings from the study showed ICT use has a significant positive influence on the effective administrations of public senior secondary schools in Lagos state. Additionally, the study found that the level of ICT use for administrative purposes in public senior secondary schools in Lagos State was moderate. The ICT devices highly utilized were photocopiers and mobile telephones. While printer, computer systems, social media, e-mails services, internet, and scanners were moderately utilized. However, ICT devices like projectors and smart boards were rarely utilized. The study recommends the provision of the necessary ICT equipment and infrastructure in an enabling physical and psychological technological environment for effective public secondary school administration.

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Zhuravleva, J. A., N. P. Nesterkina, and E. A. Kuznetsov. "Development of a special purpose LED ultraviolet lamp in a T8 flask." Vestnik MGTU 23, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2020-23-4-319-325.

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Fluorescent tubular ultraviolet lamps are used in medicine, industry, cosmetology, forensic science, and banking. During the development of the LED ultraviolet lamp in a T8 flask, a comparison of its lighting characteristics (power, energy flux, spectral distribution of radiation) with the parameters of special-purpose fluorescent lamps produced at industrial enterprises has been carried out. The design of the LED lamp includes a glass uviole tube with a diameter of 26 mm and a length of 322 mm (wall thickness is 1 mm, glass grade - SL97-3). For precise installation of the lamp in the irradiation facility and supplying electric power to it, plastic caps of the G13 pin type (the distance between the electrical contacts is 12.7 mm) are used. Measurements of electrical parameters, energy flux and spectral distribution of radiation have been carried out at nominal mains voltage on a Gooch &Housegophotocolorimetric measuring device. The developed LED lamp consumes seven times less electricity, has significantly longer (five times) expected service life and is a safer source of ultraviolet radiation, since it does not contain harmful vapors of mercury and its compounds. The LED ultraviolet lamp in a T8 flask can be used instead of the manufactured LUFT-10 lamps for special purposes, namely, in irradiators for carrying out technological processes (photochemical reactions, drying, curing), for attracting and disinsecting insects in traps, in photocopiers.

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50

Na Roi-et, Veerapas, and Supawat Chaikasem. "Potential of Passive Sampling and Plant Absorption to Quantify Inhalation Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 19, no. 1 (November 6, 2020): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/19/2020110.

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Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from photocopiers was investigated to assess the potential health impacts on inhalation exposure to VOCs. VOCs samples were collected during working hours using SKC VOCs 575 series passive sample. Twenty-one quantified VOCs were measured and analyzed by GC-MS/MS. The results showed that the total VOCs concentration emitted in the photocopy centers A and B were 2.29×104 and 2.32×104 µg/m3, respectively. The highest detected chemical was trans-1,2-Dichloroethene at about 2.18×104 (photocopy center A) and 2.15×104 µg/m3 (photocopy center B (The results reveal that the non-carcinogenic risk for inhalation exposure to m-Xylene, p-Xylene, and trans-1,2-Dichloroethene were in the range 0.94-1.53 and 1.19-1.79 and 51.54-52.23, respectively, resulting in the hazard index (HI) of non-carcinogenic VOCs in total being greater than 1.0. This indicated that the cumulative effects of inhalation exposure to VOCs at low concentrations should be of concern, even though it does not exceed the occupational exposure limits and Threshold Limit Values-Time Weighted Average for the mixtures (TLV-TWAmix). Plants display a greener solution to reduce indoor air pollution. The bio-concentration levels of total VOCs in Epipremnum aureum were noted as 74.71 to 174.42, signifying that E. aureum is effective for removal of VOCs naturally and sustainably.

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