Relevant bibliographies by topics / Photocopiers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Photocopiers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Photocopiers"

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Kasi, V., N. Elango, S. Ananth, B. Vembhu, and JG Poornima. "Occupational exposure to photocopiers and their toners cause genotoxicity." Human & Experimental Toxicology 37, no. 2 (February 20, 2017): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327117693068.

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Photocopier machines are inevitable office equipment, but they are also sources of air pollution. Millions of people across the world are involved in the operation and maintenance of photocopiers. We aimed to evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of exposure to photocopiers in photocopier operators and maintenance personnel by Comet assay. This study involved 50 photocopier operators, 61 maintenance personnel and 52 controls. Both the photocopier exposed groups exhibited significantly increased DNA damage when compared to controls. Cumulative exposure to photocopiers was the most significant contributor for genotoxicity ( p < 0.001). Genotoxicity among photocopier maintenance personnel may be due to the presence of carbon black, iron, silicon, magnetite and the high levels of other elements in the photocopier toners. Genotoxicity among photocopier operators might be due to exposure to high levels of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds emitted by photocopiers during operation. Research is essential to improve toner manufacturing processes and chemical composition of toners to reduce genotoxicity. Clean technologies are the need of the day to cut down on particulate matter and volatile organic compound emissions from photocopiers.
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Jasuja, Om Prakash, Suryakant Mishra, and Mohinder Singh. "The effect of photocopier types on line quality features of handwriting in multi-generational photocopies." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 59 (November 9, 2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.59.5.

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The present research was aimed at finding out the relative effect of advancement in photocopier technology on the analysis of handwriting line quality features in multi-generational photocopies. Five subsequent multi-generational photocopies of 50 signature samples from different individuals which were produced by 75 black and white photocopiers were used for line quality assessments. Variations in line quality features in different photocopy generations, such as: smooth edges or ragged edges, broken or continuous stroke, fine tapering changes, and some identification details of features like pen lifts, retouching, and hesitation were carefully observed in sample photocopies, which were recorded according to the brand and model of photocopier machines, as well as their size and speed. The results of the study revealed that raggedness in line was often observed in third generation (G3) and higher generations, in samples produced by some low speed copiers (copying speed < 30 cpm) or very high speed copiers (copying speed ≤ 80 cpm). However, their line quality was still found to be good enough for handwriting analysis up to the fifth generation (G5) in photocopy samples produced by some medium speed copiers (copying speed 30 to 50 cpm). It was, however, observed that, usually, continuity of line and smoothness of line were appreciably lost in G3 and higher generations in photocopies which were produced by portable desktop printers. Exceptionally, certain artifacts that are usually found in some higher generation copies were conspicuously absent in all photocopy generations (G1–G5) which were produced by some advanced third generation photocopiers. Hopefully, the information obtained from the study will be found useful to document examiners when examining certain cases involving multi-generations of photocopier reproductions.
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Yuli Prasetyo, Dwi. "Sistem Diagnosis Kerusakan Mesin Fotocopy Canon iR 5000." JUTI UNISI 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/juti.v3i2.837.

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A photocopier is one of the devices needed in the printing business. The photocopier used by small companies in Indonesia is the Canon photocopier, Canon's trademark is well-known and quality in the safe. Photocopier technology is increasingly growing with the times. Once invited by Canon photocopiers, there are many variants of Canon photocopiers that can be marketed in Indonesia from the latest series to the old series, the writer takes one sample, using a Canon iR5000 copy machine, because this photocopier is widely used by small devices, so it is very it's easy to find research samples. During this time when there is damage or error in the Canon iR5000 copy machine the user will ask a technician who is an expert in the copy machine, to help repair the damage to the copy machine, so the user requires additional costs in maintenance. Therefore, an expert system will be designed to diagnose damage to the Canon iR5000 photocopier, with this expert system will help users of the Canon iR5000 photocopier in dealing with machine software error machine errors, so that users are comfortable and calm in using the copier, anything will increase use value for photocopiers, so it can be used to increase sales turnover for small and medium businesses.
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&NA;. "Contamination from Photocopiers." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 30, no. 10 (October 1988): 762–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-198810000-00003.

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Bickmore, J. T. "Fluorescent Lamps in Photocopiers." Science 284, no. 5411 (April 2, 1999): 49f—49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5411.49f.

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OSADOLOR, H. B., O. D. VITTU, and U. O. IDEMUDIA. "TOXICITY OF COPPER, LEAD, IRON AND ZINC IN OCCUPATIONAL PHOTOCOPIER OPERATORS AND REPAIRERS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN COMMUNITY- A PILOT STUDY." Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029) 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/njls.v5i1.228.

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Photocopying serves as a good source of employment to many Nigerian youths and its importance cannot be overemphasized. Photocopiers are used on a regular basis without any protective measure. Photocopiers emit toner dust which contains certain toxic metals and volatile organic compounds. These toxic metals include Copper, Lead, Iron and Zinc. This study was conducted to ascertain complexicity of Copper, Lead, Iron and Zinc accumulates in the body of occupational users of photocopiers and their possible health hazards via blood analysis. Seventy (70) subjects including test and controls (non users of photocopiers) of 18 years and above were recruited for the study. Plasma was analysed for Copper, Lead, Iron and Zinc using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS).The mean± standard error of mean of Copper, Lead and Iron in professional operators of photocopiers (91.50 ± 3.66, 0.00 ± 0.00, and 100.2 ± 3.18 respectively) were surprisingly significantly lower when compared with their controls (non-users) (161.48 ± 8.78, 0.01± 0.00 and 140.22 ± 8.78 respectively). The mean ± standard error of zinc was slightly higher in occupational users of photocopiers (98.45 ± 1.59) when compared with controls (98.11 ± 4.39) though this was not significant.Copper deficiency has been known to cause several disorders of the central nervous system including ataxia, tremor, clonic seizure, hypomyelination or demyelination and reduced levels of sphingolipides while low plasma iron is seen in iron deficiency anaemia. Plasma Copper, Lead and Iron were significantly lower in operators of photocopiers who come in contact with toner powders than in their control while plasma Zinc was slightly higher
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Iyere, Sunday F., Bernard O. A. Ozigi, and Joseph K. Yeboah. "Response characteristics of a negative temperature coefficient thermistor." Journal of Electrical, Control and Telecommunication Research 1 (July 29, 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jectr.vol1.113.

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This article focuses on the thermistor as a device that is widely used for temperature measurement and control in most electrical and electronic devices and appliances. The research is based on the type of thermistor used in photocopiers with particular reference to Minolta Bizhub (model-210) photocopier. The resistance and temperature were recorded by the application of conventional heat to deduce the response curves of resistance versus temperature and resistance/time. Results obtained from the characteristics show that the thermistor employed in the photocopier is a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) device. Also, there was a time variation in the response of the thermistor resistance to temperature changes, which indicates that the thermistor under test functions as a temperature control device. The shape of resistance versus temperature curve appeared to be similar to that of a typical NTC thermistor characteristics.
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Morton, Susan E. "A Look at Newer Photocopiers." Journal of Forensic Sciences 34, no. 2 (March 1, 1989): 12658J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs12658j.

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Wolkoff, Peter. "Photocopiers and indoor air pollution." Atmospheric Environment 33, no. 13 (June 1999): 2129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(99)00066-7.

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Nakashima, Takuya, Hiroyuki Suhara, Hidekazu Murata, and Hiroshi Shimoyama. "Method for Estimating the Charge Density Distribution on a Dielectric Surface." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 3 (April 12, 2017): 472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617000423.

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AbstractHigh-quality color output from digital photocopiers and laser printers is in strong demand, motivating attempts to achieve fine dot reproducibility and stability. The resolution of a digital photocopier depends on the charge density distribution on the organic photoconductor surface; however, directly measuring the charge density distribution is impossible. In this study, we propose a new electron optical instrument that can rapidly measure the electrostatic latent image on an organic photoconductor surface, which is a dielectric surface, as well as a novel method to quantitatively estimate the charge density distribution on a dielectric surface by combining experimental data obtained from the apparatus via a computer simulation. In the computer simulation, an improved three-dimensional boundary charge density method (BCM) is used for electric field analysis in the vicinity of the dielectric material with a charge density distribution. This method enables us to estimate the profile and quantity of the charge density distribution on a dielectric surface with a resolution of the order of microns. Furthermore, the surface potential on the dielectric surface can be immediately calculated using the obtained charge density. This method enables the relation between the charge pattern on the organic photoconductor surface and toner particle behavior to be studied; an understanding regarding the same may lead to the development of a new generation of higher resolution photocopiers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Photocopiers"

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Chaumont, Myriam. "Existe-t-il une pathologie professionnelle liée à l'utilisation des photocopieurs ?" Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M210.

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Tremblay, Erik. "Étude de l'influence des paramètres affectant le désencrage de vieux papiers photocopiés." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4827/1/000628938.pdf.

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Paint, Estelle. "Les projets Luther Blissett et Wu Ming : les prémices d'une nouvelle ère de la littérature ? Ou comment, à l'heure d’Internet et de la mondialisation, un collectif d'auteurs italiens remet en cause le façonnement de l'œuvre littéraire, les modalités de sa diffusion, et le statut de l'auteur." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100196/document.

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En 1999, un roman intitulé L’œil de Carafa et signé Luther Blissett connaît un vif succès. L'ouvrage présente la particularité de comporter une mention dite de “copyleft”, autorisant sa reproduction libre et gratuite. Derrière le pseudonyme se dissimule un collectif ouvert et international, porté par de nombreux artistes et activistes médiatiques, qui s'illustre également par diverses actions et happenings. Un an plus tard, les auteurs du roman créent un nouveau projet littéraire, sous le pseudonyme Wu Ming (“anonyme” en chinois). Le collectif prône la libre diffusion de l'écrit et à travers ses publications de théorie littéraire, il suscite la polémique dans le monde des lettres italiennes. En rupture avec la figure de l'écrivain qui s'est imposée depuis une trentaine d'années, Wu Ming prend appui sur le développement des nouvelles technologies, et plus particulièrement sur l'essor d’Internet, pour imposer une nouvelle conception de la création littéraire et de la diffusion des œuvres.L'analyse ici proposée interroge le caractère novateur du positionnement éthique et littéraire de Luther Blissett et de Wu Ming, en examinant leurs productions à l'aune de trois modèles de référence : l'avant-gardisme, le postmodernisme et la littérature engagée. En confrontant les engagements des deux collectifs à leur fonctionnement concret et, in fine, à leurs œuvres, elle vise à déterminer si les projets Luther Blissett et Wu Ming sont annonciateurs d'un changement de paradigme en littérature, rendu possible notamment par les nouveaux moyens de communication, ou si au contraire ces auteurs, en dépit de leurs singularités, s'inscrivent dans des schémas littéraires déjà existants
In 1999, the novel Q, authored by Luther Blisset, enjoyed considerable success. One of its special characteristics is that it bears a copyleft notice allowing free reproduction of the work. Indeed, an open, international group artists and media activists hides behind this peculiar nom de plume and has distinguished itself at various public actions and happenings. About a year later, the authors of the novel set out a new project under the pseudonym Wu Ming (a Chinese translation of “anonymous”) and advocated free circulation of written works. Their publications in literary theory have given rise to controversy in the Italian literary circles. Breaking with the figure of the author that has reigned supreme over the past three decades, Wu Ming is building on new technologies and more specifically on the Internet in order to enforce a new conception of both literary creation and the circulation of works.This dissertation investigates the novelty of the ethical and literary position of Luther Blissett and Wu Ming and looks into their productions in relation to avant-gardism, postmodernism and littérature engagée. In cross-examining the stakes and functioning of both projects with their actual creations, we aim to determine whether Luther Blissett and Wu Ming are heralding a change in literary paradigm or if, in spite of their singularities, these authors do not actually fit into existing patterns
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Carrillo-López, María Eugenia. "Automatización de bibliotecas de la Unidad Torreón de la Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila." Thesis, 1992. http://eprints.rclis.org/11517/1/1992.Carrillo-Lopez.M.E.UANL.Master.Thesis.Librarianship.pdf.

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Villegas-Tovar, Ricardo. "Information Services in Libraries for Printed and Digital Materials: Selected Legal Issues." Thesis, 2008. http://eprints.rclis.org/15160/1/VersionFinal.pdf.

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Outline 1. - Information services in libraries for printed & digital materials 2. - Document Delivery Services: Digital Materials 2.1. - Electronic document delivery 2.2. - The role of Reproduction Rights Organizations and DDS 3. - Library copying for the user: Printed Materials 3.1.- Printed document delivery 3.2. - Reserve room 4. - Library copying for library uses: Printed Materials 5. - Information access and copyright: Current situation in Mexico
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Chen, Hsin-you, and 陳信佑. "The optical design of the color photocopier." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k82997.

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碩士
國立中央大學
光電科學研究所
97
The lack of color photocopier for the optical design of the study in Today’s thesis, but color photocopier for the development of human civilization has a contribution that can not be ignored, therefore, we design a color photocopier for the optical design that analyzing and study by optical simulating software Code V, first choice the US patent 4974948, and first order calculation, standards set, optimization analysis, draw zoom tracking map, manufacturing requirements confirmation, tolerance analysis, finally, This thesis is a color photocopier design to photocopy A4, B4, A3 size, total track is 521 mm, Three optical zoom, the zoom design is satisfied, the quality of imaging MTF, MTF VS FIELD, Distortion, Lateral color, Relative illumination.
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Huang, Kuan-Lin, and 黃冠霖. "Vibration Characteristics Analysis of Driving Apparatus of Optical System for Photocopier Scanner." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55jn53.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
製造科技研究所
98
This study discusses vibration characteristics of driving apparatus of optical system for photocopier scanner. The commercial finite element analysis software is used to analyze the mode shapes and natural frequencies of the driving apparatus selected. Major components of driving apparatus of optical system are two mirrors, two designs of spring steel and frame, and bottom of the frame is fixed on the track by the magnet. The modal analysis about the frame based on FEM is performed and the natural frequencies obtained are in good agreement with the experimental modal analysis. According to the results, some of the mode shapes of frame will make mirror to deform easily. In the analysis of driving apparatus of optical system, because contact spring elements exert the pre-compressive force on the mirrors to fix to the frame, the mass element and spring element are used to replace the original contact elements. And then, the effects of natural frequency and mode shape under the different pre-compressive force are studied. The results show that the natural frequencies of reflective mirror component are higher than those without pre-compressive force and yield stiffer structure.
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Lo, Huan Lun, and 羅煥倫. "The mechanics of the papers in the paper feeding mechanism of photocopier." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35543733681035479452.

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Santos, Bruno Daniel Ministro dos. "Todas as Cópias são Originais: eletrografia e copy art em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/91050.

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Tese de doutoramento em Materialidades da Literatura apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra
Enquanto práticas de criação experimental assentes no uso da fotocopiadora, eletrografia e copy art problematizam a oposição histórica entre cópia e original ao conceber, através do processo de fotocópia, artefactos que podem ser considerados originais. Comercializada a partir dos anos 60 do século XX, a fotocopiadora foi de imediato apropriada por artistas para produzir obras de arte. Ao desviar a máquina da sua funcionalidade pragmática de origem, o seu uso enquanto meio de criação interpela as noções de autenticidade e singularidade ao explorar a transformação material sob um eixo diferencial de repetição e variação. Nesse gesto, abre-se lugar ao múltiplo em substituição do igual, posto que tais práticas revelam a natureza produtiva do meio de reprodução. Os trabalhos de Abílio-José Santos, António Aragão, António Dantas, António Nelos e César Figueiredo integram-se num quadro amplo de práticas, processos e projetos caraterizados pela apropriação, remistura e experimentação intermedial. Dialogam, por isso, com a instabilidade do conceito de arte, proposta pelas vanguardas do início do século XX e intensificada, a partir da década de 1960, pelos experimentalismos poéticos, conceptualismos, práticas Fluxus e artes dos novos meios. Esta investigação propõe entender a eletrografia e copy art portuguesas nas suas dimensões materiais, mediais e sociais, criando um lugar para o estudo desta prática artística enquanto poética transgressora de linguagens, meios e géneros. Nesse sentido, importa perceber de que forma é que a materialidade destas obras, aqui entendidas enquanto artefactos que inscrevem em si mesmos os processos que as geram, contribui para a reconceptualização das noções tradicionais de autoria e obra de arte. Considera-se, assim, que entender o objeto de estudo, tanto no contexto da prática internacional que o engloba, como na sua relação com outras práticas artísticas disruptivas do século XX, permitirá fornecer um contributo crítico para repensar a obra de arte no contexto de uma ecologia da mediação técnica. Deste modo, questiona-se a linearidade cronológica do desenvolvimento e uso dos sistemas técnico-mediais ao estabelecer pontos de contacto entre a colagem, a experimentação copigráfica e os meios programáveis digitais e em rede. Enquanto práticas de apropriação material, transferência sígnica e ressignificação performativa, eletrografia e copy art interpelam diretamente o universo das imagens técnicas e os seus programas. As práticas coletivas de criação em torno da fotocopiadora e a associação dos seus autores a comunidades alternativas como a rede internacional de arte postal permitem tecer uma malha de ligações críticas nos trabalhos dos artistas portugueses. Em particular, são relevantes as obras que assentam na transformação, remistura, erro, ruído visual e ilegibilidade e que, dentro desse quadro semiótico e técnico-medial, se dão a ver enquanto gestos de interferência material, social e política.
As experimental creative practices based on the use of photocopying, electrography and copy art problematize the historical opposition between copy and original by creating artifacts through the photocopy process that can be considered original. Commercialized from the 1960s onwards, the photocopier was immediately appropriated by artists to produce works of art. By deviating the machine from its original pragmatic functionality, its use as a creative medium challenges the notions of authenticity and uniqueness while exploring material transformation under a differential axis of repetition and variation. In this gesture, multiplicity replaces sameness, since such practices reveal the productive nature of the technological means of reproduction. The works of Abílio-José Santos, António Aragão, António Dantas, António Nelos and César Figueiredo are part of a broad set of practices, processes and projects characterized by appropriation, remixing and intermedial experimentation. Therefore, they suggest a dialogue with the instability of the concept of art, proposed by the avant-gardes of the early twentieth century and intensified, from the 1960s onwards, by literary experimentalisms, conceptualisms, Fluxus practices and new media arts. This research proposes to understand the Portuguese electrography and copy art in its material, medial and social dimensions, considering this artistic practice as a transgressive poetics of languages, media and genres. In this sense, it is important to understand how the materiality of these works, seen here as artifacts that self-reflexively inscribe themselves the processes that generate them, contributes to the reconceptualization of traditional notions of authorship and artwork. It is considered, therefore, that understanding the object of study, both in the context of the international practice that encompasses it, and in its relation with other disruptive artistic practices of the 20th century, will allow us to provide a critical contribution to rethink the work of art in the context of an ecology of technical mediation. Thus, the chronological linearity of the development and use of technical-medial systems is questioned by establishing points of contact between collage, copigraphic experimentation, networked and digital programmable media. As practices of material appropriation, signic reframing and performative ressignification, electrography and copy art directly call into question the universe of technical images and their programs. The collective practices of creation using the copy machine and the association of its authors with alternative communities such as the international Mail Art Network allow us to weave a rhizome of critical connections in the works of Portuguese artists. As such, of particular noteworthy mention are the works based on transformation, remixing, error, visual noise and illegibility, specifically understood as gestures of material, social and political interference within this semiotic and technical-medial framework.
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Books on the topic "Photocopiers"

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Publications, Key Note, ed. Photocopiers. 3rd ed. London: Key Note Publications, 1986.

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Publications, Key Note, ed. Photocopiers & fax. 6th ed. Hampton: Key Note Publications, 1991.

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Jacob, Howard, and Key Note Publications, eds. Photocopiers & fax machines. Hampton: Key Note Ltd, 2000.

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Dominic, Fenn, and Key Note Publications, eds. Photocopiers & fax machines. Hampton: Key Note, 2004.

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Samantha, Miller, and Key Note Publications, eds. Photocopiers & fax machines. 8th ed. Hampton: Key Note Publications, 1994.

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Lisa, Morrison, and Key Note Publications, eds. Photocopiers & fax machines. Hampton: Key Note, 1998.

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Simon, Howitt, and Key Note Ltd, eds. Photocopiers & fax machines. 9th ed. Hampton: Key Note Ltd, 1997.

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Commission, Monopolies and Mergers. Indirect electrostatic photocopiers: A report on the supply bymanufacturers and importers of indirect electrostatic photocopiers in the United Kingdom. London: H.M.S.O., 1991.

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Commission, Monopolies and Mergers. Indirect electrostatic photocopiers: A report on the supply by manufacturers and importers of indirect electrostatic photocopiers in the United Kingdom. London [England]: HMSO, 1991.

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Berger, John. Photocopies. London: Bloomsbury, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Photocopiers"

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Chaowanapong, Jirapan, and Juthathip Jongwanich. "Sustainable Manufacturing for Thai Firms: A Case Study of Remanufactured Photocopiers." In Sustainable Design and Manufacturing 2017, 245–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57078-5_24.

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Giesekam, Greg. "Third-hand Photocopies: Forced Entertainment." In Staging the Screen, 116–41. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09099-7_6.

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Visintin, Filippo. "Photocopier Industry: At the Forefront of Servitization." In Servitization in Industry, 23–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06935-7_2.

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Ellen, David, Stephen Day, and Christopher Davies. "The Examination of Printed and Photocopied Documents." In Scientific Examination of Documents, 153–83. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2019] | David Ellen is the main author on all earlier editions of this work.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429491917-8.

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Lopez, Vanina Soledad. "Resistance Through Photocopies: An Analysis of the Argentine Fanzine Resistencia During the 1980s." In Punk, Fanzines and DIY Cultures in a Global World, 143–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28876-1_7.

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Tsoka, Lydia, Georgios P. Mastrotheodoros, and Konstantinos Choulis. "The Usefulness of X-ray Fluorescence Analysis on Photocopies Identification – A Case Study." In Advanced Nondestructive and Structural Techniques for Diagnosis, Redesign and Health Monitoring for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 55–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03795-5_11.

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Matsumoto, M., and K. Kamigaki. "Development and Changes in the Industrial Product Service Systems – A Case Study of the Photocopier PSS." In The Philosopher's Stone for Sustainability, 167–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32847-3_28.

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"Photocopiers." In Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents, 235–44. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420003765-27.

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Beal, Bonnie, and Susan Morton. "Photocopiers." In Forensic and Police Science Series, 217–25. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420003765.ch17.

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Buckland, Michael K. "PHOTOCOPIERS." In Information, 655–58. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1pdrrbs.88.

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Conference papers on the topic "Photocopiers"

1

Pastor, Jose. "Vibration Analysis Of Photocopiers." In 1st Int'l Conf on Vibrational Control in Optics and Metrology, edited by Lionel R. Baker and Daniel Vukobratovich. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.937920.

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Girgensohn, Andreas, Lynn Wilcox, and Qiong Liu. "Automatic Rights Management for Photocopiers." In DocEng '18: ACM Symposium on Document Engineering 2018. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3209280.3209531.

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3

Caldwell, J. Brian. "Optical Design with Wood Lenses." In International Lens Design. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.ltha5.

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Flat-surfaced radial gradient index lenses, also called Wood lenses [1] or rod lenses have found widespread use as elements in imaging arrays for photocopiers and fax machines.[2] However, there exist very few designs for more complex multi­element lenses which utilize Wood lenses.
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4

Rees, James, and Robert Loce. "Reduction and Enlargement using Unity Magnification Gradient-Index Lens Arrays." In Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gwc7.

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Arrays of gradient-index lenses are commercially available as Selfoc® lens arrays from the Nippon Sheet Glass Co. The lenses are radial gradient cylinders that are arrayed in a parallel fashion, and thus are necessarily confined to unity magnification (1×) imaging. A primary application of Selfoc lens arrays has been in personal and engineering drawing photocopiers copiers that operate at only unity magnification. For other light-lens photocopiers, in addition to unity magnification, reduction and enlargement copying has become a universal customer requirement that is now generally considered a standard feature. In an attempt to broaden the applicability of Selfoc lens to more general office copying needs, a reduction/enlargement gradient-index lens array has been developed and previously described in Ref. 1. This R/E Selfoc has certain short comings; only one value of reduction and its reciprocal for enlargement are possible, and it is limited to relatively small field sizes (original/copy) such as B4/A4 paper combinations with magnifications in the range of 70-140%. Finally, image quality varies across the field, being lower at the edges than at the center.
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Roh, Y., and E. Lyu. "255. The Levels of Electromagnetic Field Strength Emitted From Several Commercial Photocopiers." In AIHce 2003. AIHA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758027.

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Neil, Iain A., and Ellis I. Betensky. "High performance, wide angle, macro focus, zoom lens for 35mm cinematography." In International Optical Design Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iodc.1998.ltua.2.

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Today, zoom lenses dominate many optically dependent consumer and industrial products including photocopiers, point and shoot still cameras and video camcorders, to name just a few. However, in high performance applications, such as motion picture feature films, their acceptance has been limited due to a specific blend of optical and physical requirements; for example, high contrast image quality, continuous focusing to macro magnifications, minimal optical ‘breathing’ and small size, volume and weight.
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MacAndrew, J. A. "Vibration Control In Photocopier Optical Systems." In 1st Int'l Conf on Vibrational Control in Optics and Metrology, edited by Lionel R. Baker and Daniel Vukobratovich. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.937921.

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Fukuda, K., V. Ceperic, and A. Baric. "Photocopier PID controller with iterative error compensation." In 2014 37th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mipro.2014.6859548.

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Wang, Changyou, Xiangwei Kong, Shize Shang, and Xin'gang You. "Photocopier forensics based on arbitrary text characters." In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, edited by Adnan M. Alattar, Nasir D. Memon, and Chad D. Heitzenrater. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2005524.

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Woolard, Deonna F., and K. Elliott Cramer. "The thermal photocopier: a new concept for thermal NDT." In Defense and Security, edited by Douglas D. Burleigh, K. Elliott Cramer, and G. Raymond Peacock. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.541881.

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