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Journal articles on the topic 'Photochromes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 January 2025

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1

Woodland, Walmiria, Richard Lim, Cherie Motti, Paul Irving, Jun Wang, Mark Payne, Peter C. Junk, and George Vamvounis. "Oil Spill Source Identification Using Colorimetric Detection." Australian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 11 (2019): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19336.

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The colorimetric detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated for the quick and easy identification of likely oil spill offenders. In this new technology, photochromic compounds were used to sense PAHs by varying their photoswitching capacity. To that end, three photochromes were designed and showed varying degrees of photoswitching inhibition, depending on PAH analyte, photochrome, and excitation wavelength. PAH mixtures that mimic oil spills showed the same varying response and demonstrated the accuracy of this technology. To prove the applicability of this technology, an array was assembled, using the three photochromes at three excitation wavelengths, and tested against authentic crude oil samples. Not only could these samples be differentiated, but also weathering of two distinctly different oil samples showed limited variation in response, demonstrating that this may be a viable technique for in situ oil identification.

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2

Deniz, Erhan, Stefania Impellizzeri, Salvatore Sortino, and Françisco M. Raymo. "A photoswitchable bichromophoric oxazine with fast switching speeds and excellent fatigue resistance." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 89, no. 2 (February 2011): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-070.

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In search of strategies to regulate the photochemical and photophysical properties of photochromic oxazines, we designed a multichromophoric compound incorporating 3H-indole, benzooxazine, and 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethynyl fragments. We synthesized this molecule in two steps in an overall yield of 51%, starting from commercial precursors. The ultraviolet irradiation of this photochrome opens a [1,3]oxazine ring in less than 6 ns to generate a zwitterionic isomer with a quantum yield of 0.10. In particular, the photoinduced ring opening generates a 4-nitrophenolate anion and a 3H-indolium cation. Additionally, this process brings the 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethynyl appendage into conjugation with the 3H-indolium cation. As a result, two distinct bands for the anionic and cationic fragments of the photogenerated zwitterion appear in the visible region of the absorption spectrum. The photogenerated isomer has a lifetime of 2 µs and switches back to the original form with first-order kinetics. Furthermore, this bichromophoric photochrome tolerates hundreds of switching cycles with no sign of degradation and can be operated within rigid polymer matrices. Thus, this particular structural design can lead to the development of a new family of bichromophoric photochromes and photoresponsive materials with microsecond switching times and excellent fatigue resistances.

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3

Yang, Junjie, Zheng Pei, Erick Calderon Leon, Carly Wickizer, Binbin Weng, Yuezhi Mao, Qi Ou, and Yihan Shao. "Cavity quantum-electrodynamical time-dependent density functional theory within Gaussian atomic basis. II. Analytic energy gradient." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 12 (March 28, 2022): 124104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0082386.

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Following the formulation of cavity quantum-electrodynamical time-dependent density functional theory (cQED-TDDFT) models [Flick et al., ACS Photonics 6, 2757–2778 (2019) and Yang et al., J. Chem. Phys. 155, 064107 (2021)], here, we report the derivation and implementation of the analytic energy gradient for polaritonic states of a single photochrome within the cQED-TDDFT models. Such gradient evaluation is also applicable to a complex of explicitly specified photochromes or, with proper scaling, a set of parallel-oriented, identical-geometry, and non-interacting molecules in the microcavity.

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4

Belikov, N., O. Demina, I. Levina, A. Lukin, A. Safinova, L. Petrovskaya, Sergey Varfolomeev, and A. Khodonov. "PHOTOCHROMIC LIGANDS FOR MODIFICATION OF METAL CATIONS AND QUANTUM DOTS." Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty 7, no. 1 (November 8, 2022): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0492.

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In this paper, we consider the studies carried out by the authors aimed at developing new hybrid structures and methods for obtaining a family of photochromic labels capable of photocontrolled interaction with inorganic components, as well as the results of studying their photochromic behavior and the selectivity of complex formation processes. In this paper, special attention is devoted to the choice of the desired composition and structure of label molecules and the practical implementation of laboratory technology for the synthesis of a set of target compounds with specified optical parameters. The data obtained open up prospects for the use of a new generation of photochromes based on functionalized spiropyrans as new hybrid materials for the creation on their basis: metal detectors, components of photochromic systems, and prototypes of molecular electronics smart devices.

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5

Feczko, Tivadar, and Bojana Voncina. "Organic Nanoparticulate Photochromes." Current Organic Chemistry 17, no. 16 (July 1, 2013): 1771–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272811317160011.

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6

Benoit, J. M., K. Chevrier, C. Symonds, and J. Bellessa. "Strong coupling for bifunctionality in organic systems." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 18 (October 31, 2022): 181101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116184.

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In this paper, we exploit the strong light–matter coupling to hybridize two materials for bifunctionality properties. The strong coupling has been achieved between a surface plasmon and two organic emitters: a J-aggregate cyanine dye, known for its high absorption and emission properties and a photochromic material in which absorption can be optically switched on and off. The optical properties are drastically modified between the activated and deactivated forms of the photochromic material coupled to the cyanine dye. In particular, the emission of the structure can be energy shifted by several hundreds of meV providing a way to build a tunable emission system. This system also reveals its potential for modifying the fluorescence of photochromes thanks to light–matter interaction instead of functionalization using covalent bonding.

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7

El Guesmi, Nizar, Saleh A. Ahmed, Ismail I. Althagafi, and Khalid S. Khairou. "Photochromism of Dihydroindolizines. Part XXI: Multiaddressable Photochromic Performances based on Pyrrolo[1,2 -b ]pyridazine photochromes: Kinetics, Substituent Effect and Solvatochromism." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 346 (September 2017): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.06.014.

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8

Malatesta, Vincenzo, Mario Milosa, Roberto Millini, Luigi Lanzini, Piero Bortolus, and Sandra Monti. "Oxidative degradation of organic photochromes." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 246, no. 1 (May 1994): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259408037833.

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9

Belikov, Mikhail Yu, Mikhail Yu Ievlev, Sergey V. Fedoseev, and Oleg V. Ershov. "Tuning the photochromic properties of chromophores containing a nitrile-rich acceptor: a novel branch in the investigation of negative photochromes." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 22 (2019): 8414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01648a.

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10

Sponza, Alvaro D., Di Liu, Emily P. Chen, Allison Shaw, Lassana Diawara, and Melanie Chiu. "Synthesis strategies for non-symmetric, photochromic diarylethenes." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 37 (2020): 7238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob01556c.

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11

Ranzenigo, Anna, Franca M. Cordero, Martina Cacciarini, and Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen. "ortho-Substituted 2-Phenyldihydroazulene Photoswitches: Enhancing the Lifetime of the Photoisomer by ortho-Aryl Interactions." Molecules 26, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 6462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216462.

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Photochromic molecules are systems that undergo a photoisomerization to high-energy isomers and are attractive for the storage of solar energy in a closed-energy cycle, for example, in molecular solar thermal energy storage systems. One challenge is to control the discharge time of the high-energy isomer. Here, we show that different substituents in the ortho position of a phenyl ring at C-2 of dihydroazulene (DHA-Ph) significantly increase the half-life of the metastable vinylheptafulvene (VHF-Ph) photoisomer; thus, the energy-releasing VHF-to-DHA back-reaction rises from minutes to days in comparison to the corresponding para- and meta-substituted systems. Systems with two photochromic DHA-Ph units connected by a diacetylene bridge either at the para, meta and ortho positions and corresponding to a linear or to a cross-conjugated pathway between the two photochromes are also presented. Here, the ortho substitution was found to compromise the switching properties. Thus, irradiation of ortho-bridged DHA-DHA resulted in degradation, probably due to the proximity of the different functional groups that can give rise to side-reactions.

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12

Belikov, Mikhail Yu, Mikhail Yu Ievlev, Sergey V. Fedoseev, and Oleg V. Ershov. "The first example of “turn-off” red fluorescence photoswitching for the representatives of nitrile-rich negative photochromes." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 16 (2020): 6121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj00718h.

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13

Ortica, F., D. Levi, P. Brun, R. Guglielmetti, G. Favaro, and U. Mazzucato. "Photobehaviour ofZ-1,2-di-(3′-methoxynaphth-2′-yl)ethene as model compound of biphotochromic supermolecules withZ-ethenic bridge." International Journal of Photoenergy 3, no. 3 (2001): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x01000198.

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This work is part of a research project aimed at investigating the behaviour of biphotochromic supermolecules where two photochromic units of the spirooxazine or chromene series are linked through a conjugated or unconjugated spacer. Preliminary investigations showed that the compounds with ethane, acetylene or ester bridges behave as classical photochromes while those with an ethene bridge showed good coloration accompanied by unusual thermal irreversibility at room temperature. The temperature effect on the spectral behaviour allowed such irreversibility to be explained by the occurrence of a cyclization process at the central ethene bond, typical ofZ-diarylethenes. To better understand this photobehaviour, a deep investigation of a model molecule,Z-1,2-di-(3′-methoxynaphth-2′-yl)ethene, was carried out. This paper reports the results obtained on the model molecule and two biphotochromic systems containing benzochromene and spirooxazine units.

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14

Belikov, Mikhail Yu, and Mikhail Yu Ievlev. "First thermal studies on visible-light-switchable negative T-type photochromes of a nitrile-rich series." RSC Advances 11, no. 34 (2021): 21097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02979g.

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15

Kang, Jijoon, and Youngmin You. "Nondestructive readout fluorescence memory based on a gallium(III) corrole complex and photochromic cis-1,2-dithienylethene." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 19, no. 01-03 (January 2015): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424615500017.

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Photochromic switching of fluorescence emission provides a viable principle to creation of all optical molecular memory. Successful operation of the fluorescence memory requires deliberate control of the energetics between a fluorophore and a photochrome. One essential requirement is that photoexcitation for fluorescence emission does not interfere with the photochromic processes. Gallium(III) corrole complexes outfit the condition because their fluorescence emissions display large Stokes shifts, permitting photoexcitation at the optical window where the photochromism of cis-1,2-dithienylethene is not executed. To demonstrate the capability for fluorescence memory, we prepared molecularly dispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films of a gallium corrole complex and cis-1,2-dithienylethene. The memory cycle comprising fluorescence readout and reversible photochromic switching of the fluorescence emission is fully reversible without suffering from fatigue during repeated operation. The corresponding fluorescence on/off ratio is greater than those of previous memory based on porphyrins. Fluorescence lifetime measurements employing time-correlated single photon counting techniques reveal occurrence of fast energy transfer (~ 109 s-1) which is effectively gated by the photochromism.

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16

Gerbreders, A., and J. Teteris. "Formation of Direct Surface Relief in Photochrome-Chalcogenide Composites." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 47, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10047-010-0007-0.

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Formation of Direct Surface Relief in Photochrome-Chalcogenide CompositesA method for preparation of thin triple composite films of organic polymer-chalcogenide-photochromes is described, the photo-induced changes of optical properties and holographic recording are considered. The films were obtained from solutions of arsenic sulphide, azobenzene Disperse Red 1, spiropyran, and organic polymers in organic solvents. The solutions were spread over glass or quartz substrates; the thickness of dry films was 3-10 μm. The absorption spectra of the prepared films were studied and analyzed. The holographic recording of diffraction gratings was performed by laser lines of 325 nm, 442 nm and 532 nm. During recording the diffraction efficiency was measured simultaneously in the transmission and reflection modes. The relief formation on the film surface was observed and the profile of the gratings formed was analyzed using AFM microscope. The influence of photoisomerization and photo-induced mass transport on the surface relief formation process is discussed.

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17

Garcia-Amorós, Jaume, Marta Reig, Alba Cuadrado, Mario Ortega, Santi Nonell, and Dolores Velasco. "A photoswitchable bis-azo derivative with a high temporal resolution." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 78 (2014): 11462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc05331a.

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18

Frigoli, Michel, Chris Welch, and Georg H. Mehl. "Design of Mesomorphic Diarylethene-Based Photochromes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, no. 47 (December 2004): 15382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0468269.

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19

Fern�ndez-Acebes, Alvaro. "Chiral photogeneration using perfluorocyclopentene-derived photochromes." Chirality 12, no. 3 (2000): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-636x(2000)12:3<149::aid-chir8>3.0.co;2-v.

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20

Grummt, Ulrich-Walter, Hubert Langbein, Robert Nöske, and Gerhard Röbisch. "Dithizon - ein photochromes A ⇋ B-System." Zeitschrift für Chemie 23, no. 2 (August 31, 2010): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19830230209.

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21

Belikov, Mikhail Yu, Mikhail Yu Ievlev, Sergey V. Fedoseev, and Oleg V. Ershov. "Novel group of negative photochromes containing a nitrile-rich acceptor: synthesis and photochromic properties." Research on Chemical Intermediates 45, no. 9 (May 14, 2019): 4625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11164-019-03853-w.

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22

Tonnelé, Claire, and Frédéric Castet. "Nonlinear optical properties of spirocyclohexadine photochromes: insights from DFT calculations." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 18, no. 11 (2019): 2759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9pp00312f.

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The second-order nonlinear optical properties of 1,3-indandione-derived spirocyclohexadine compounds, a new class of photochromes showing sensitivity to both UV and visible lights, are investigated by means of density functional theory.

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23

Uchida, Kingo, Masayuki Fujita, Yoshifumi Aoi, Mitsunori Saito, and Masahiro Irie. "Photochromism of Diarylethenes on Porous Aluminum Oxide: Fatigue Resistance and Redox Potentials of the Photochromes." Chemistry Letters 30, no. 4 (April 2001): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2001.366.

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24

Allegrini, Pietro, and Vincenzo Malatesta. "Water Soluble Organic Photochromes: Sulphonated Spiro (Indolinonaphthoxazines)." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 246, no. 1 (May 1994): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259408037781.

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25

Rath, S., O. Mager, T. Klingler, and H. Port. "Nano-optical reversible switching of organic photochromes*." Journal of Microscopy 203, no. 2 (August 2001): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2818.2001.00929.x.

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26

Ahmed, Saleh A., Ismail I. Althagafi, Basim H. Asghar, Khalid S. Khairou, and Hussni A. Muathen. "Photochromism of dihydroindolizines. Part XX: Synthesis and photophysical behavior of fluorenyldihydroindolizines photochromes based “Click” chemistry strategy." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 328 (September 2016): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.05.025.

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27

Sulimenkov, I. V., M. F. Budyka, V. M. Li, N. I. Potashova, T. N. Gavrishova, and V. I. Kozlovskii. "Effect of Protonation on the Spectral–Luminescent and Photochemical Properties of a Bis(styrylbenzoquinoline) Dyad with the Naphthylene Framework and of Corresponding Dibenzoquinolylcyclobutane." Химия высоких энергий 57, no. 5 (September 1, 2023): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0023119323050029.

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The photophysical and photochemical properties of the protonated forms of both covalently bound biphotochromic dyad D44N containing two styrylbenzo[f]quinoline (SBQ) photochromes and corresponding cyclobutane CB44N containing two benzo[f]quinoline (BQ) substituents have been studied. CB44N is formed from D44N as a result of a reversible [2+2] photocycloaddition (PCA) reaction. The dyad and cyclobutane contain the 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (NA) moiety as a bridging group. It has been shown that the protonation of nitrogen atoms in the SBQ and BQ groups leads to bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectra and bathofloral shifts in the fluorescence spectra of the dyad and cyclobutane. In the protonated dyad, the quantum yield of the PCA reaction decreases, presumably due to the Coulomb repulsion, which prevents the cations of the protonated SBQ photochromes from approaching each other. In protonated cyclobutane, the quantum yield of the reverse four-membered ring opening reaction (retro-PCA), on the contrary, increases due to the absence of a competitive process of energy transfer from BQ to NA, which was previously observed in neutral cyclobutane

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28

Mitchell, Reginald H., and Subhajit Bandyopadhyay. "Linked Photoswitches Where Both Photochromes Open and Close." Organic Letters 6, no. 11 (May 2004): 1729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol049590m.

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29

Shirinian, Valerii Z., D. V. Lonshakov, A. G. Lvov, and Mikhail M. Krayushkin. "Fluorescent photochromes of diarylethene series: synthesis and properties." Russian Chemical Reviews 82, no. 6 (June 30, 2013): 511–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2013v082n06abeh004339.

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30

Traven, Valery F., Andrei Y. Bochkov, Mikhail M. Krayushkin, Vladimir N. Yarovenko, Boris V. Nabatov, Sergei M. Dolotov, Valery A. Barachevsky, and Irina P. Beletskaya. "Coumarinyl(thienyl)thiazoles: Novel Photochromes with Modulated Fluorescence." Organic Letters 10, no. 6 (March 2008): 1319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol800223g.

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31

Lokshin, Vladimir, Sergey V. Paramonov, and Olga A. Fedorova. "New photochromes equipped with positively charged ammonium fragments." Mendeleev Communications 25, no. 5 (September 2015): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2015.09.018.

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32

Patel, Dinesh G., Travis B. Mitchell, Shea D. Myers, Dorothy A. Carter, and Frank A. Novak. "A Suzuki Approach to Quinone-Based Diarylethene Photochromes." Journal of Organic Chemistry 85, no. 4 (January 3, 2020): 2646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.9b02632.

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33

Perrier, Aurélie, François Maurel, Eric A. Perpète, Valérie Wathelet, and Denis Jacquemin. "Spectral Properties of Spirooxazine Photochromes: TD-DFT Insights." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113, no. 46 (November 19, 2009): 13004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp906936p.

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34

Jaunet-Lahary, Titouan, Agisilaos Chantzis, Kathy J. Chen, Adèle D. Laurent, and Denis Jacquemin. "Designing Efficient Azobenzene and Azothiophene Nonlinear Optical Photochromes." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 118, no. 49 (November 24, 2014): 28831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp510581m.

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35

MALATESTA, V., and U. ROMANO. "ChemInform Abstract: Organic Photochromes: Structures, Properties and Applications." ChemInform 26, no. 13 (August 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199513326.

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36

Fernandez-Acebes, Alvaro, and Jean-Marie Lehn. "Combinatorial Color Generation with Mixtures of Dithienyl Photochromes." Advanced Materials 11, no. 11 (August 1999): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199908)11:11<910::aid-adma910>3.0.co;2-8.

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37

Myles, A. J., and N. R. Branda. "1,2-Dithienylethene Photochromes and Non-destructive Erasable Memory." Advanced Functional Materials 12, no. 3 (March 2002): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1616-3028(200203)12:3<167::aid-adfm167>3.0.co;2-m.

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38

Barachevsky, Valery A., and Mikhail Krayushkin. "Paper: Thermal Irreversible Organic Photochromes for Imaging Systems." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2005.21.1.art00010_1.

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39

Favaro, G., G. Chidichimo, P. Formoso, S. Manfredi, U. Mazzucato, and A. Romani. "Chromatic and dynamic characteristics of some photochromes in the components of bifunctional photochromic and electro-optical devices." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 140, no. 3 (May 2001): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00421-x.

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40

El Guesmi, Nizar, Hatem M. Altass, François Maurel, Rami J. Obaid, Aboel-Magd A. Abdel-Wahab, and Saleh A. Ahmed. "Photochromism of tetrahydroindolizines. Part XXV: Mechanochemical synthesis, distinctive photophysical tuning and computational studies of novel tetrahydroindolizines photochromes." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 406 (February 2021): 113016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113016.

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41

Patel, Dinesh G., Martial Boggio-Pasqua, Travis B. Mitchell, Ian M. Walton, William R. Quigley, and Frank A. Novak. "Computational and Crystallographic Examination of Naphthoquinone Based Diarylethene Photochromes." Molecules 25, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 2630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112630.

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Photochromic compounds have a lengthy history of study and a profusion of applications that stand to gain from these studies. Among the classes of photochromic compounds, diarylethenes show desirable properties including high fatigue resistance and thermal stability, thus meeting some of the most important criteria necessary to enter the realm of practical applications. Recently, photochromic diarylethenes containing quinone functionalities have demonstrated interesting optical and solid-state properties. When properly interfaced with suitable electron withdrawing groups on the aryl component, both the ring-opening and ring-closing reactions can be achieved with visible light; this is in contrast to most other diarylethenes where UV light is required for ring closure. Unfortunately, quantitative conversion from open to closed forms is not possible. In this work, we examine the relative energies of conformations of solid-state structures observed by X-ray crystallography and evaluate their thermal stabilities based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Time-dependent DFT (TD–DFT) is used to model the UV-vis absorption spectra of these quinone diarylethenes. We show that spectral overlap between open and closed forms is a major hindrance to full photoconversion.

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42

Malatesta, V. "Degradation of Organic Photochromes: Light-Promoted and Dark Reactions." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 298, no. 1 (May 1997): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259708036144.

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43

Ouhenia-Ouadahi, Karima, Guillaume Laurent, Etienne Barrez, Pei Yu, Rémi Métivier, and Anne Débarre. "Spectroscopic Investigation of Diarylethene Photochromes Linked to Silica Nanoparticles." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122, no. 12 (March 7, 2018): 6984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b00396.

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44

Bibi, Nadia, Naveen Kosar, Khurshid Ayub, and Tariq Mahmood. "Theoretical investigation on radical anion promoted electrocyclization in photochromes." Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling 97 (June 2020): 107550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107550.

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45

Jacquemin, Denis, Eric A. Perpète, François Maurel, and Aurélie Perrier. "Doubly Closing or Not? Theoretical Analysis for Coupled Photochromes." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114, no. 20 (May 4, 2010): 9489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp102118w.

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46

Murguly, Elisa, Tyler B. Norsten, and Neil R. Branda. "Nondestructive Data Processing Based on Chiroptical 1,2-Dithienylethene Photochromes." Angewandte Chemie 113, no. 9 (May 4, 2001): 1802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3757(20010504)113:9<1802::aid-ange18020>3.0.co;2-z.

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Murguly, Elisa, Tyler B. Norsten, and Neil R. Branda. "Nondestructive Data Processing Based on Chiroptical 1,2-Dithienylethene Photochromes." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 40, no. 9 (May 4, 2001): 1752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010504)40:9<1752::aid-anie17520>3.0.co;2-w.

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Norsten, T. B., and N. R. Branda. "Axially Coordinated Porphyrinic Photochromes for Non-destructive Information Processing." Advanced Materials 13, no. 5 (March 2001): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200103)13:5<347::aid-adma347>3.0.co;2-9.

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49

Bereiter, Margit, Harald Winde, and Gerda Krause. "Über photochromes Verhalten von Phenothiazin-Molekülkomplexen im adsorbierten Zustand." Zeitschrift für Chemie 15, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19750150928.

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Krayushkin, M. M., B. M. Uzhinov, A. Yu Martynkin, D. L. Dzhavadov, M. A. Kalik, V. L. Ivanov, F. M. Stoyanovich, L. D. Uzhinova, and O. Yu Zolotarskaya. "Thermally irreversible photochromic dithienylethenes." International Journal of Photoenergy 1, no. 3 (1999): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x9900032x.

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Abstract:

A lot of previously unknown derivatives of dithienylperfluorocyclopentene (DTPFCP) were synthesized. It was shown that2,2′-dialkylsubstituted DTPFCP'S are phtochromes. The quantum yields of forward and backward photochemical reactions and spectral parameters of open and cyclic forms of the photochromes synthesized were measured. An attempt to obtain fluorescing phtochromes by means of introduction of benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl and 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl moieties in 5 and5′positions of DTPFCP failed; these compounds were synthesized but they do not fluoresce.

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