Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Photochromes'
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Calupitan, Jan Patrick Dela Cruz. "Térarylènes photo réactifs : synthèse et études par microscopie à effet tunnel." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30016/document.
Full textPhotoswitching diarylethenes, and their terarylene derivatives, are promising for the next generation optoelectronic devices because of their excellent photochemical properties. To make them viable for miniaturized electronic devices, it is necessary to study this class of molecules at the single molecular level by scanning tunneling microscopy under ultra-high vacuum (UHV STM). This thesis has three parts: 1) development of terarylenes highly sensitive to switching; (2) their modification for STM studies; and 3) results of STM investigations. To be studied at the single molecular level by STM, terarylenes with high switching sensitivity have been selected. These compounds display high quantum yields of up to 100 %. However, the cycloreversion reaction remains low so an alternative route, through a chain-reaction oxidative mechanism, has been sought. In the first part, we show that the efficiency and speed of this reaction may be controlled by attachment of aromatic groups on the reactive carbons. In the second part, we functionalized these molecules for STM studies by attaching tert-butyl and chloride groups. These substituents preserve their excellent photochemical and switching properties while tert-butyl groups show bright contrast in STM images, minimize aggregation of these molecules on the surface, and slightly decouple the molecule from the surface. The chlorine group has been introduced to direct their surface assembly on insulating substrates composed of crystalline NaCl bilayer previously grown over a metallic substrate. In the third part, results of STM are presented. We developed a new bottom-up approach for forming reproducible nanoassemblies of the unmodified terarylene at 77 K. Meanwhile, at 5 K, the terarylene functionalized with tert-butyl groups present different forms on the Ag(111) surface. From the positioning of the high-contrast tert-butyl groups and with the aid of DFT calculations, we assign different conformations of the molecule on the surface. On NaCl/Ag(111), direct visualization of the occupied and unoccupied states could be achieved. This illustrates that for these applications, molecules with appropriate properties can be interesting candidates for STM studies to obtain information at the single molecular level. Such molecules may be redesigned with a consideration of the surface as its mere presence may induce behavior previously unobserved or neglected if they were studied in solution. This thesis opens terarylenes to future applications which require a solid surface
Kameneva, Olga. "Matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques photochromes." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132028.
Full textPavageau, Corentin. "Molécules et Nanosystèmes Multi-émissifs et Photocommutables." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN026/document.
Full textThe synthesis of photoswitchable emissive molecular system still represents a challenge, in order to develop fluorescence-based devices for nanotechnologies. In the last decade, excitation energy transfer processes (EET) have been advantageously employed to design photoswitchable fluorescent molecular systems between a photochromic dye and an appropriate fluorescent molecule. More recently, photochromic dyes of particular interest, showing no emission in the open-form (P-OF) but a strong emission signal in the closed-form (P-CF), have been developed. Such molecules allow a multi-emission switch when combined with a fluorescent moiety. In this project, we will design and synthesize fluorescent photochromic diarylethene covalently linked to different fluorophores, such as benzothiadiazole (BTD) and BODIPY derivatives. By choosing a fluorophore moiety with blue/green emission (F) and a photochromic moiety with orange/red emission in closed-form (P-CF), EET can occur between F and P-CF leading to photoswitchable multi-emission properties. Photophysical characteristics of dyads will be studied by spectroscopy with the aim of presenting their light-controllable optical properties and the intramolecular EET processes between fluorescent and photochromic moieties
Colombier, Isabelle. "Effets photomécaniques dans les cristaux organiques photochromes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009971.
Full textPhotochromism is defined as a reversible photoisomerization belween Iwo forms having different absorption spectra. The reaction can occur even in the crystalline state when the photoinduced molecular structural changes are not too large. Ln this report, we study spectroscopic properties of nano- and microcrystals of organic photochromic molecules. For this purpose, we have developed a microspectroscopy setup with a 500nm resolution. During the study of single-crystals of a diarylethene, we have observed a new photomechanical effect. As usual, colorless single crystals turn colored under UV-irradiation. However, when the energy absorbed by crystals reaches about 10~J, they jump. Moreover, when we prevent crystals from jumping, parallel, equidistant cracks appear due to elastic energy dissipation. These Iwo photomechanical effects correspond to the relaxation of the stresses accumulated in crystals during the photoreaction. We suggest the hypothesis that jumps and cracks are preceded by a periodic surface deformation which could be related to a Grinfeld instability
Guérin, Juliette. "Synthèse et étude de ligands diaryléthènes photochromes de type Salen : Compréhension de l'interaction métal-photochrome pour la commutation optique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979420.
Full textChamontin, Karine. "Synthèse et propriétés photochromiques de systèmes moléculaires et supramoléculaires de type spirooxazine et 2H-chromène." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22102.
Full textLévi, David. "Synthèse, étude et approche du comportement photochimique complexe et biphotochromes en séries chroménique et oxazinique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22062.
Full textAnguille, Stéphane. "Nouveaux métallocényl-[2H]-Benzopyranes : Synthèse, propriétés photochromiques et thermochromiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22006.
Full textLévesque, Isabelle. "Propriétés ionochromes et photochromes de dérivés du polythiophène." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ33046.pdf.
Full textHannesschlager, Patrick. "Synthese et proprietes spectrocinetiques de nouveaux photochromes organometalliques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22016.
Full textChabreuil, Lucie. "Synthèse et études physico-chimiques de nouveaux systèmes photochromiques : Base d' architecture moléculaire pour l' optoélectronique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4023.
Full textThe photochromism is defined as a reversible transformation between two states of the molecule. The reversibility can occur thermally and/or photochemically. The intrinsic properties make the photochromic molecular system highly promising for various applications such as optical memory and molecular switches. From the large family of organic photochromic compounds, chromenes (benzopyrans and napthopyrans) and diarylethenes, both involving a ring closure/opening electrocyclic isomerisation, are largely used. In the last decades, a renewal of interest in the synthesis of supramolecular structures have been observed in view of application for optoelectronic devices. In this project, the original idea was to design and synthesize novel star-shaped like molecular architecture having triphenylamine as core block bridging several thermoreversible photochromic units in one molecule. In this context, new series of supramolecular assemblies were synthesized by introducing chromenes units on the core and changing the linkage. Then, their spectroscopic properties were studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy before evaluating their photochromic properties. In a second way, a diarylethene substituted by a silicon atom was synthesized under micro-wave to open an interesting perspective in order to access a new photochromic family
Asato, Ryosuke. "Design and synthesis of multifunctional terarylenes for mechano-, radio- and thermo-chemical responses." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30005.
Full textMolecular switching materials that modulate physical properties through an external trigger have received much attention in the development of new devices. They require precise switching performance and large scale propagation on single and multiple molecular levels. Diarylethene has attracted much attention due to its excellent photoswitching properties. These molecules photocyclize from the open (o) form to the closed (c) form with UV light, with visible light inducing reversion to the o form. Terarylene structures have been optimized for switching in areas including photoreaction quantum yields, thermal stability and desorption of functional groups upon structural change. In this thesis the focus is placed upon a single photoswitching reaction and the affect this has on local geometry and physical properties. First, this thesis shows that a small number of photoswitching reactions on a terarylene subunit can stop or start dynamic movement, namely the rotation of a molecular motor. The rotation was activated depending on which part of the rotor is approached by an electron injecting STM tip; with light irradiation offering a second independent control input. A new motor containing a terarylene substituent was designed in which the flexible open form can be converted to its rigid closed form to block rotation via steric interactions thus acting as a light-induced brake. With the initial target unit for this motor chosen using computational calculations of these interactions. A new synthetic methodology for the introduction of the photoswiching unit into the motor is presented and then the rotational control was discussed using spectral changes in the NMR upon irradiation. In the second part of this thesis, the effect c to o form isomerization of terarylenes has on nearby molecules through synergetic effects are presented. Work to enhance the quantum yield of the isomerization provides new applications using alternative stimulus without light irradiation. Examples including chemical or electrochemical oxidation proceed with high efficiency in a (electro)catalytic way, with apparent reaction efficiency exceeding 100% through a cascade reaction. By introducing aromatic groups on the reactive carbons of a photoreactive system, the efficiency of the electrocatalytic cycloreversion reaction was increased to 100000% and applied to the amplified detection of a small amount of high energy photons such as X-rays. In the third part, new molecular solar thermal (MOST) fuel is presented using the cascade reaction. MOST fuel systems capture photonic energy, retaining photocurrent in the formed chemical bond, instead of battery based electrochemical storage. The high energy density of MOST fuel offers large heat release, with cycloreversion via bond disassociation at levels equivalent to artificial photosynthesis without environmental impact. A small amount of electrochemical or chemical oxidation can induce the cascade release of stored thermal energy. In addition, a storing process of the light energy optimized by introduction of phenyl rings on the terarylene reactive carbon atoms has been developed. These present high MOST efficiency and the results are supported by a detailed computational study
Elyahyaoui, Adil. "Synthèse et propriétés de photochromes bistables : diarylmaléimides et dérivés." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22097.pdf.
Full textLin, Chaoqi. "Synthesis and study of photoswitchable glycomacrocycles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN039.
Full textAs excellent photochromic molecules, azobenzene derivatives have increasing applications in the spatial and temporal photocontrol of molecular conformation, chemical reactivity, biological and pharmacological activities. In this context, an exciting attempt is introducing a photochromic motif into carbohydrate-containing macrocycles, a unique class of products with growing attention in medicinal and material science, so as to modulate their physicochemical, chemical and biologic properties by light.Two series of photoswitchable glycomacrocycles have been prepared in this thesis. The first one is obtained from 2,2’-dihydroxyazobenzene and di-O-bromoacetyl glycosides via one-pot O-alkylation approach. These macrocycles show excellent photophromic properties with high fatigue resistance. Chirality transfer from sugar to azobenzene moiety has been observed. One of the macrocycles can form organogel that responses to photo-, thermal- and mechanical stimulus. The second series of glycomacrocycles were prepared through intramolecular glycosylation by using dihydroxyazobenzene as tether. The efficiency and the stereoselective outcome of glycosylation have been investigated by modulating the nature of the linkers and the configuration of the azobenzene tether
Diop, Daouda Keïta. "Synthèse par pulvérisation magnétron et caractérisation de couches minces photochromes." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2293/document.
Full textThese thesis works are within the framework of the ANR Photoflex (2013-2016), which aims to develop a contactless laser printing technology, in order to create updatable or permanent patterns of unique character on any types of supports, especially flexible supports. We report on a reactive magnetron sputtering-based deposition method to synthesize, at room temperature, photochromic nanocomposite thin films consisting of Ag nanoparticles sandwiched between nanoporous TiO2 layers. These films are deposited on flexible substrates such as a transparent plastic (PET) and a diffusing paper. We show that when the TiO2 is elaborated in the metallic sputtering mode, the nanocomposite film is colored due to the formation of metal Ag nanoparticles inducing a localized surface plasmon resonance in the visible range. In contrast, in the compound sputtering mode, the nanocomposite film is colorless because the Ag nanoparticles are oxidized during their capping by the TiO2. We have demonstrated that the colorless samples can be colored under UV laser irradiation (244 nm) due to the reduction of oxidized silver, followed by the growth of metallic Ag nanoparticles by coalescence or Ostwald ripening. Moreover, visible laser irradiation at low irradiances (few W.cm-2) of the colored films gives rise to changes in the particle morphology that modifies the absorbance of the films and results in sample color changes. We have investigated the influence of the deposition conditions (capping layer thickness of nanoparticles, TiO2 buffer layer thickness, Ag amount, holding time after Ag deposition, plasma annealing of Ag nanoparticles, multilayer) in order to optimize the photochromic effects in amplitude and in speed. All the mechanisms are repeatable during UV/Visible irradiation cyclic processes. For strong visible laser irradiances (several tens of kW.cm-2), we observed on nanocomposite films deposited on glass, color changes dependent on the polarization direction of the probe beam, related to the thermal growth and to the self-organization of Ag according to a periodic grating of nanoparticle chains. Contrary to low irradiances, the photo-induced colors are permanent and have a dichroic character. This study opens up interesting possibilities in terms of applications, including authentication and traceability of manufactured products, data storage, the new generation of datamatrix, etc
Ferraro, Arcangela. "Conception, synthèse et étude de systèmes organiques à propriétés photochromes." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12182.
Full textFerraro, Arcangela. "Conception, synthèse et étude de systèmes organiques à propriétés photochromes." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10503.
Full textDebus, Bruno. "Nanoparticules organiques à base d‟Hexaarylbiimidazoles : caractérisation et propriétés photochromes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10128/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of photochromic organic nanoparticles of bridged-Hexaarylbiimidazoles (HABIs) molecules. Two synthesis paths were proposed. On the one hand, laser photofragmentation (I) for which photochromic reaction and matter fragmentation occur simultaneously. On the other hand, the reprecipitation method (II) does not involve light excitation. The photodynamics of bridged-HABIs has been characterized for the first time using electronic (UV – visible) and vibrational (IR) transient absorption spectroscopy in femtosecond and nanosecond time scale. Transient spectra were analyzed by a chemometric approach based on multivariate curve resolution. The algorithm was adapted to deal with specific signals such as vibrational relaxation processes. For nanoparticles synthesized with (I), we report: i) a photo-dissociation and an increase of the distance between imidazole groups within 210 fs, ii) a partial rotation of the former in 5 ps, iii) a slow relaxation in about 200 ps and iv) a fast thermal back reaction (≈ 800 µs compare to 300 ms in solution). However, for nanoparticles synthesized by (II), the thermal back reaction is similar to the one reported in solution. This suggests that photofragmentation induces a molecular rearrangement with a specific geometry as observed in single crystal. This hypothesis is discussed on the basis of theoretical chemistry calculation and by comparing HABI’s properties in solution and in polycrystalline powder
Debus, Bruno. "Nanoparticules organiques à base d‟Hexaarylbiimidazoles : caractérisation et propriétés photochromes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10128.
Full textThis work deals with the study of photochromic organic nanoparticles of bridged-Hexaarylbiimidazoles (HABIs) molecules. Two synthesis paths were proposed. On the one hand, laser photofragmentation (I) for which photochromic reaction and matter fragmentation occur simultaneously. On the other hand, the reprecipitation method (II) does not involve light excitation. The photodynamics of bridged-HABIs has been characterized for the first time using electronic (UV – visible) and vibrational (IR) transient absorption spectroscopy in femtosecond and nanosecond time scale. Transient spectra were analyzed by a chemometric approach based on multivariate curve resolution. The algorithm was adapted to deal with specific signals such as vibrational relaxation processes. For nanoparticles synthesized with (I), we report: i) a photo-dissociation and an increase of the distance between imidazole groups within 210 fs, ii) a partial rotation of the former in 5 ps, iii) a slow relaxation in about 200 ps and iv) a fast thermal back reaction (≈ 800 µs compare to 300 ms in solution). However, for nanoparticles synthesized by (II), the thermal back reaction is similar to the one reported in solution. This suggests that photofragmentation induces a molecular rearrangement with a specific geometry as observed in single crystal. This hypothesis is discussed on the basis of theoretical chemistry calculation and by comparing HABI’s properties in solution and in polycrystalline powder
Gadan, Sophie. "Nouveaux photochromes de la famille des (ter/tétra)arylènes intrinsèquement chiraux et redox actifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF022.
Full textPhotochromism is the process by which a chemical species undergoes a reversible photo-induced transformation between two states with different absorption spectra. This isomerization can be thermally and/or photochemically reversible. There is plenty of potential applications of photochromism in various fields because, besides color, the structural change between the two states also allows control over a lot of other properties and functions. The focus has been on diaryléthènes, one of the different families of organic photochromes, due to their good photochromic properties. In this thesis work, our first objective was to develop new diarylethenes with intrinsic chirality able to photo-modulate not only the optical properties but also the chirality. To this end, we focused synthetic efforts on tetraarylenes known for their good photochromic characteristics and the possibility of performing two different photo-cyclization reactions within a single molecule. The choice to use a known diheteroaryl, 3,3'-dibenzothiophene, as the central block allowed us to synthesize the first members of a new family of diarylethene with intrinsic and stable axial chirality. Various spectroscopic studies have shown that these new tetraarylenes possess good photochromic properties, particularly cyclization quantum yield and conversion rate, which are come from their helical structures with only the antiparallel photo-reactive conformer. Furthermore, significant and reversible modulation of their chiroptical properties is observed during photochromic reactions (Chapter 2). Taking avantages of the unique structure of these tetraarylenes where photochromic reactions (cyclization and cycloreversion) involve only three adjacent aryls, we then aimed to introduce another property and potentially add another mode of switch addressing. For that one of the two terminal aryls was replaced by a triphenylamine (TPA)-based group that is both fluorescent and redox-active. As expected, the incorporation of such a motif adds fluorescence as a new photo-switchable property retain most of the photochromic characteristics of the previous tetraarylenes as well as modulation of chiroptical properties. Additionally, an electrochemical study coupled with spectro-electrochemistry and chemical redox has highlighted an oxidative and catalytic opening of the closed form, thus adding a new means of control over switching
Darriet, Karine. "Difonctionnalisation d'un triarylméthane par des chaînes thiénylènevinylènes : synthèse et étude de nouveaux interrupteurs moléculaires." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12427.
Full textVanhaudenarde-Péoc'h, Armelle. "L'effet mémoire dans les verres dopés au semi-conducteur : rôle du champ statique photo-induit dans le processus de photo-noircissement /." Paris : Ecole nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358026686.
Full textMalval, Jean-Pierre. "Systèmes supramoléculaires photoactifs pour la détection et la libération optique de cations." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR16009.
Full textMalval, Jean-Pierre. "Systèmes supramoléculaires photoactifs pour la détection et la libération optique de cations." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12502.
Full textPiard, Jonathan. "Etudes photophysiques de nanoparticules moléculaires photochromes et fluorescentes préparées par photofragmentation laser." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624375.
Full textGirard, Pauline. "Elaboration et études physico-chimiques de nanomatériaux moléculaires et hybrides aux propriétés photochromes et magnétiques." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4021/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD work deals with the development and the photophysical and physico-chemical studies of magnetic and photoswitchable hybrid nanosystems. The association of these two properties appears relevant in the field of data storage, relying on the modulation of magnetisation or optical characteristics of the employed materials. Novel photochromic azo derivatives, capable of complexing metal oxides, have been synthesized. After detailed studies of their structural and photophysical properties, they have been associated to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to yield hybrid nanoassemblies displaying two kinds of architectures. The first structure is built by grafting the azo derivatives at the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles while the second architecture, called as reverse one, involves the formation of non-doped photochromic nanospheres followed by their coating with iron oxide nanoparticles. Magnetic and optical characterisations have demonstrated cooperative effects between both photochromic and magnetic entities as well as structural confinement effects. Azo compounds processed as thin films can generate surface relief gratings under interferential illumination. The resulting photoinduced deformations have been exploited to organise nanoparticles and hybrid nanosystems within the surface relief gratings
Maltey, Fanton Isabelle. "Hyperpolarisabité de premier ordre de molécules organiques : complexes organoméetalliques, photochromes, molécules en lambda." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DENS0016.
Full textBolle, Patricia. "Nouveaux matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques photochromes et/ou photoluminescents à base de polyoxométallates." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4052/document.
Full textPolyoxometalates (POMs) are anionic molecular oxides building blocks of transition metals which exhibit a wide variety of chemical composition and structure. They also possess specific redox and optical properties and they can be combined via ionic and covalent approaches to photochromic and/or photoluminescent organic molecules to design new photoactive hybrid organic-inorganic materials. This innovating coupling is an attractive opportunity to drastically tune or improve the photophysical properties of organic molecules in the solid-state and it constitutes a promising approach for the elaboration of efficient photoadressable devices. In a first part, new photoswitchable materials have been developped by combining POMs with a cationic diarylethene or by incorporating photochromic POM-spiropyran entities into polymeric matrices. In a second part, new luminescent hybrid systems were designed by assembling POMs with a phosphorescent iridium (III) complex or a fluorescent phospholium which shows Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) properties. Finally, a third part identifies different assembly strategies to develop multifunctional POM materials, coupling photochromism and photoluminescence. Among them, a new approach has been explored in particular to develop supramolecular assemblies that combine intrinsically luminescent POMs incorporating lanthanide cation with photochromic organic molecules
Barrez, Etienne. "Etude de nanosystèmes fluorescents, photochromes et plasmoniques : du comportement macroscopique à l’objet individuel." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN031/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this PhD work is the study of fluorescent and photochromic molecular systems. Under light illumination, such molecules may undergo radiative and non-radiative deactivation or photoisomerization. In the first part of this work, this competition has been investigated for structurally related photochromic compounds with different fluorescence colors corresponding to both isomers. Efficiency and mechanisms of the deactivation pathways were unraveled at the macroscopic scale. This competition was further studied under microscope with gold nanorods included in the sample, in order to study the effect of localized surface plasmon resonance on the different deactivation processes.The second part of this work consists in the preparation and the photophysical study of organic nanoparticles composed of fluorescent-photochromic dyads. Fluorescence of such nano-objects can be efficiently driven by light : the switching of a few photochromic units is enough to turn off the entire fluorescence of a nanoparticle by intermolecular energy transfer. Observation of this effect at the level of individual nanoparticles allowed the developement of a super-resolution method for optical microscopy
BITEAU, JOHN. "Photochromes organiques dans des materiaux hybrides pour l'optique ophtalmique et le stockage de l'imformation." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0062.
Full textAubert, Vincent. "Nouveaux complexes photochromes multifonctionnels pour le contrôle de l’activité en ONL et en luminescence." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S134.
Full textIn recent years, many efforts have been devoted to the design of new molecules or molecular materials combining at least two physical properties, such as photochromism and non linear optics (N. L. O) or luminescence. This has been mainly motivated by their potential applications in optical switches. The photochromic derivatives, such as dithienylethene, have been of considerable interest due to their thermal stability and fatigue resistance. In this context, we have synthesized a new family of bipyridyl ligands functionalized by a dithienylethene unit which are excellent synthons for the elaboration of dipolar and octupolar complexes. This scientific work allowed the obtainment of new, efficient, switchable metallo-chromophores for nonlinear optics and luminescence
Giraud, Marion. "Nouveaux diaryléthènes photochromes et photo-commutation des propriétés optiques et magnétiques à l'échelle moléculaire." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112241.
Full textThis work deals with the syntheses and the characterisations of compounds which are at the crossing of both photochromism and coordination chemistry and whose properties are photo-switchable. These compounds have attracted many interest in the scientific world for they can potentially be used in optoelectronics and photonic devices. We report here on the syntheses and characterisations of chelating diarylethenes and their use as bridges between metallic centres. Dinuclear complexes have been obtained and the Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance investgations, mainly dedicated to the study of a Cu(II) dinuclear complex, have shown both the reversible changes in the magnetic properties of this complex and the reversible release of the metal ion in solution upon irradiation. A structure of a closed isomer of this compound has been obtained. Synthetic methods have been used to bind more chelating sites to the perfluorated core : the post-functionnalisation way has been the most successful of many attempts, leading to new diarylethenes with 4 or 5 donating atoms. Eventually, Non Linear Optics-designed compounds are also described and their luminescence and Second Harmonic Generation switching properties are also reported
Carissimo-Rietsch, Françoise. "Contribution à la synthèse et à la photochimie de photochromes comportant un motif diphénylanthracénique." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10014.
Full textFermigier, Marc. "Dynamique d'une interface liquide-liquide dans un capillaire et visualisation d'écoulements par colorants photochromes." Grenoble : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375938976.
Full textTajalli, Seifi Payman. "Auto-structuration de nano-objets d'azo-polymère : du nanofilm à la nanosphère." Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0005.
Full textIn this thesis we studied self-structuration of azopolymer nano-objects, including azopolymer thin films, azo-nanotubes and azo-nanosphere. The influence of thin film thickness and very low temperatures on self-structured SRG formation will described and discusses extensively. Then we proposes a new type of hollow-core fiber called hollow-core grating fiber (HCGF). Inside hollow-core grating fiber (HCGF), the self-structured SRG patterns was written by lunching a suitable laser beam with proper polarization in a capillary glass fiber which inner surface has previously been coated with an azopolymer thin film. Such a grating acts as a wavelengths/angle. This type of fiber (HCGF) could find application for wavelength selection of pulse duration stretching. We exploit the photoinduced migration effect in azopolymer thin films to induce surface relief patterning of azo-nanotubes. Manipulation and precise control of the molecular order is achieved at the nanoscale. Interaction between a laser beam from an argon laser and the azopolymer nanotubes induces structures on the surface. The self-patterning process is observed to depend on the laser beam polarization. Furthermore nanometric spheres of an azopolymer are obtained by micellization from a solution. We observed photoinduced deformation of nanospheres under white light illumination. The photoinduced deformation effect is restricted to very small surface, which produces a different behaviour than in thin films. It was also shown that, whatever the origin of the force that is exerted onto the nanospheres, huge pressure will be transmitted to the interior of the particles or to the surrounding material, opening up the possibility with light to induce and control effectively mechanical motion at the nanoscale
Chabreuil, Lucie. "Synthèse et études physico-chimiques de nouveaux systèmes photochromiques : Base d' architecture moléculaire pour l' optoélectronique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4023.
Full textThe photochromism is defined as a reversible transformation between two states of the molecule. The reversibility can occur thermally and/or photochemically. The intrinsic properties make the photochromic molecular system highly promising for various applications such as optical memory and molecular switches. From the large family of organic photochromic compounds, chromenes (benzopyrans and napthopyrans) and diarylethenes, both involving a ring closure/opening electrocyclic isomerisation, are largely used. In the last decades, a renewal of interest in the synthesis of supramolecular structures have been observed in view of application for optoelectronic devices. In this project, the original idea was to design and synthesize novel star-shaped like molecular architecture having triphenylamine as core block bridging several thermoreversible photochromic units in one molecule. In this context, new series of supramolecular assemblies were synthesized by introducing chromenes units on the core and changing the linkage. Then, their spectroscopic properties were studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy before evaluating their photochromic properties. In a second way, a diarylethene substituted by a silicon atom was synthesized under micro-wave to open an interesting perspective in order to access a new photochromic family
Fermigier, Marc. "Dynamique d'une interface liquide-liquide dans un capillaire et visualisation d'ecoulements par des colorants photochromes." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066184.
Full textDellai, Angela. "Propriétés optiques nonlinéaires des photocommutateurs moléculaires : étude computationnelle de la substitution chimique, de la dynamique conformationnelle et des effets de l’environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0369.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the characterization of the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of molecular photoswitches by means of computational chemistry. In particular, we implement computational approaches to investigate the second harmonic generation (SHG) process occurring in two families of photoswitches, namely Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASAs) and azobenzene derivatives (AZOs). The different chapters of the thesis address various aspects influencing the SHG responses of the photoswitches, including their substitution pattern, their conformational dynamics, as well as their surrounding. In a first part, we study the effect of the push-pull character of a series of DASA and AZO derivatives, by functionalizing their extremities with various electron-donating and electronwithdrawing chemical substituents. The NLO responses in solution are calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) on the basis of the equilibrium geometries of the chromophores, and using implicit continuum models for treating solute-solvent interactions. This approach is shown to provide first hyperpolarizability (��) values in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data obtained from Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) measurements, allowing reliable structure-property relationships to be established. In a second part, we implement a computational approach combining molecular dynamics simulation (MD) and DFT calculations, in order to include the effects of structural dynamics and a better description of solute-solvent interactions in the NLO responses of the photoswitches. The investigations are conducted on a representative DASA derivative. We first show that the thermalized conformational dynamics enhances the molecular first hyperpolarizability, giving rise to improved agreement with HRS measurements. We also demonstrate that the fluctuations of the �� values along the structural dynamics are correlated with the bond order alternation (BOA), which provides a measure of the ��-electron conjugation over the molecule. In a second step, we elaborate different computational approaches going beyond the implicit continuum models to improve the description of solute-solvent interactions. In the final part of the thesis, the mixed quantum/classical computational methodology is employed to characterize the NLO responses of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) functionalized with AZO derivatives, bearing either a donor or acceptor substituent on their external phenyl. Herein, we investigate how the nature of the substituent impacts the spatial organization of the molecular photoswitches within the SAMs, as well as the magnitude of their NLO responses
Roldan, Diego Antonio. "Complexes de coordination, matériaux moléculaires et dispositifs électroniques commutables intégrant le système photochrome diméthyldihydropyrène /cyclophanediène." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV026/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the design and characterization of switchable molecular systems (molecules, materials and electronic devices) incorporating the dimethyldihydropyrene / cyclophanediene (DHP/CPD) photochromic couple. The first part deals with the synthesis and characterization of original photochromic molecules based on the dimethyldihydropyrene unit. In particular, the chemical functionalisation of these molecular systems with electron-withdrawal pyridinium groups leads to an improvement of the kinetics of photo-induced conversion while providing an easily functionalizable unit, for example with metal cations complexing units. In the second part, the photochromic core is covalently linked with metal complexes based on terpyridine derivatives, conferring redox-active properties to the molecular architecture. These assemblies are applied for the design of organized thin films obtained by self-assembly of metallopolymers on solid surfaces. The model complexes and films display photochromic properties and redox activity particularly promising for the design of responsive materials and molecular devices. Finally, we present the study of the conductance of the isomers DHP and CPD. A single molecule electronic device in which individual molecules are utilized as active electronic components has been implemented using the photochromic group functionalized with two pyridine units, used as anchoring functions. It appears that the DHP isomer has a conductance of about four orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding isomer CPD. These two states can be switched very reproducibly and reversibly upon application of optical and thermal stimulus
Luccioni-Houze, Barbara. "Etude spectrocinetique de photochromes organiques en solution et en polymeres acryliques. Synthese de nouvelles nitrones photochromiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22015.
Full textMaisonneuve, Stéphane. "Synthèse et études photophysiques de nouvelles molécules multichromophoriques photochromes et fluorescentes pour la photocommutation de fluorescence." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN030.
Full textThe fields of optical data storage and super-resolution imaging are in expansion and attract an increasing demand on photoswitchable materials and molecules. One approach consists in associating photochromic and fluorophores units in the same molecular structure, allowing resonant energy transfer processes. The combination of the photophysical properties of the two units leads to the expected fluorescence photoswitching. To design such systems, we based our approach on the click chemistry concept which offers a great flexibility in terms of synthesis pathways. Thus, using molecular platforms such as sugar derivatives and β-cyclodextrin, we have synthesized many multichromophoric architectures. By varying the ratio between photochromic (DAE) and fluorophore (DCM) units in the same molecule, we improved our comprehension of the structure-properties relationships, involving multiple energy transfers between the different entities. This allowed us, first, to understand the effects of non-linear fluorescence quenching, and secondly, to discover the light-controlled hysteresis effect resulting from the competition between energy transfers and photochromic reactions
Abogo, Mebale Aimé-Jhustelin. "Synthèse et études spectroscopiques d'une nouvelle famille de photochromes dérivés du 6,6a-dihydrochromèno(3,4-b)chromène." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX22005.
Full textBenzo and Naphthopyrans (chromenes) have been extensively studied since the discovery of photochromic reaction of 2H-1-benzopyrans in 1966 by Becker and Michl. Objectives of our work consisted to synthesize and to realize photochromic studies of 6,6a-dihydrochromeno(3,4-b)chromene derivatives built to undergo two consecutive opening reactions. Despite many unsuccessful syntheses, we have obtained seven chromenes using a synthetic route based on two key cyclisations steps including the platinum chlorides-catalysed of alkynones and an oxo-Michael addition. Overall yields were increased in comparison to the syntheses described in the literature. Photoirradiation of the seven chromenes using the Xenon lamp did not permit us to observe photochromic reaction. However, the utilization of the laser lamp showed the formation of two photoproducts with short lifetime (0. 8 to 21 μs for the first species and over 100 μs for the second). These photoproducts were attributed to the opened forms
Bhran, Ahmed. "Etude de la fonctionnalisation de polyuréthannes : effet du spiropyranne sur leurs propriétés optiques et mécaniques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL023N/document.
Full textNowadays, photochromic fibers and films are turned towards the development of intelligent “smart” materials which are applied to evaluate, signalize and react to a change in color and absorbance spectra. In this work, the photochromic activity of six commercial grades of polyurethane that contains small quantities of spiropyran [1-hexyle-3,3-diméthyle-6'-nitrospiro (indoline-2',2'-benzopyran)] has been studied. The effects of film thickness, irradiation time, and SP concentration on the photochromic response of PU/SP films have been studied and also their couplings. Furthermore, the photochromic behaviors of these films under stretching and their decoloration kinetics have been investigated. The kinetics and characterization of the photochromic system of spiropyran incorporated into polyurethane and irradiated with monochromatic light was modeled. The obtained models can be correctly applied in all cases (with and without irradiation, with and without stretching), in particular for all SP mass ratios and for all film thickness. The mechanical behavior of polyurethanes and its relation with the photochromic properties is studied and modeled. This model has the capability to determine the stretching ratio which can be translate to the local compression by employing only four photochromic measurements and this open the way for a wide range of potential applications. Of particular interest in this context are the textiles used for biomedical applications, including graduated compression stockings for preventing or treating deep vein thrombosis. Another related application is the recent development of special sport clothing for improving recovery after strong efforts
Collet, Mathieu. "Synthèse, caractérisation et étude cinétique de coloration de composés hybrides organiques-inorganiques photochromes à base de polyoxomolybdates." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2104.
Full textThe MIOPS group study photochromic materials, i. E. , compounds that undergo a light-induced reversible color change. Self-assembled organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on polyoxomolybdates (POM's) and organoammonium cations are considered as promising photochromic materials with a high degree of tunability in optical property. In general, the photogenerated colors of these compounds depend upon the chemical composition and topology of the POM's, while the coloration and fading kinetics of these compounds are related to the nature of the organoammonium cations and their N+-H. . . O hydrogen bonds with the POM's at the organic-inorganic interface. The kinetics of photoinduced coloration in a lot of compounds under UV-visible illumination was analyzed, and the mechanism of photochromism was discussed on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculations
Chauvin, Jérôme. "Molécules et matériaux polymères photochromes pour l'optique non linéaire du deuxième ordre: orientation, stabilité et photo-commutation." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0041.
Full textThe second order non linear optical properties (NLO) of polymers are due to an anisotropic distribution of suitable chromophores inside the polymer matrix. The pre-requisite of a non centrosymmetrical ordering of theses chromophores is still a topical question, because the poled-order decay is an irreversible process which tends to annihilate the nonlinear optical response of the material. One part of this work deals with the use of high Tg side-chain DR 1-polyimide to improve the orientational stability. Relaxation of polar orientation has been related to relaxation processes measured by second harmonic generation. The stability is very good after 10 hours at 120°C and the lifetime at room temperature is estimated to more than one year. This polar relaxation could be due to a sub-Tg transition located around 120°C by dielectric measurements. In a second part, we focus on the coupling of the NLO and photochromism effects. We used the photo-assisted poling method to orient the DR1 inside the polyimide matrix. This method has the advantage to induce no thermal degradation of the NLO active chromophores. Indeed, as thermal poling must be made at temperature near Tg, it usually leads to a substantial chemical degradation of organic chromophore in general and of azobenzene derivatives such as DR1 in particular, specially in polyimides which have Tg near 250°C. To realise a photoswitching of the NLO properties, we have synthesized a diarylethene with electron donnor and acceptor substituents. The studies of its properties has been made in solution and in polymer thin film. It shows the possible photoinduced of the NLO signal of a poly methyl methacrylate film doped with the diarylethene
Louati, Maroua. "Etude multi-échelle de films minces photomécaniques basés sur l’assemblage supramoléculaire de photochromes bistables et d’élastomère thermoplastique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R050.
Full textAn increasing attention has been paid to photo-deformable polymeric materials that can convert light energy into mechanical energy without contact or electrical wires, using photo-responsive molecules. Dithienylethenes known for their thermal stability and their fatigue resistance are one of the most studied compounds that exhibit photomechanical response. Upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light, a variation of the molecular volume occurs between open- and close-ring of the molecules during the photochromic reaction (carbon-carbon electrocyclization) which induces photomechanical motions. In order to develop a light-driven polymer actuator, we investigate a novel system based on the mixture of a derivative dithienylethenes (ureidopyrimidinone-functionalized dithienylethenes denoted DTE-UPy) and a thermoplastic elastomer (ureidopyrimidinone -functionalized poly(ethylene-co-butylene) denoted PEB-UPy). In solution, the DTE-UPy/PEB-UPy system leads to a supramolecular assembly where the subunits are connected to each other via quadrupole hydrogen bonding. The thin films are elaborated using different techniques such as drop casting or melt molding. Under illumination, a photomechanical response of the film is observed. The objective of this study is to establish a correlation between the photophysical, structural, morphological and mechanical properties responsible for the drastic micro- and macroscopic deformations
Louati, Maroua. "Etude multi-échelle de films minces photomécaniques basés sur l’assemblage supramoléculaire de photochromes bistables et d’élastomère thermoplastique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR050.
Full textAn increasing attention has been paid to photo-deformable polymeric materials that can convert light energy into mechanical energy without contact or electrical wires, using photo-responsive molecules. Dithienylethenes known for their thermal stability and their fatigue resistance are one of the most studied compounds that exhibit photomechanical response. Upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible light, a variation of the molecular volume occurs between open- and close-ring of the molecules during the photochromic reaction (carbon-carbon electrocyclization) which induces photomechanical motions. In order to develop a light-driven polymer actuator, we investigate a novel system based on the mixture of a derivative dithienylethenes (ureidopyrimidinone-functionalized dithienylethenes denoted DTE-UPy) and a thermoplastic elastomer (ureidopyrimidinone -functionalized poly(ethylene-co-butylene) denoted PEB-UPy). In solution, the DTE-UPy/PEB-UPy system leads to a supramolecular assembly where the subunits are connected to each other via quadrupole hydrogen bonding. The thin films are elaborated using different techniques such as drop casting or melt molding. Under illumination, a photomechanical response of the film is observed. The objective of this study is to establish a correlation between the photophysical, structural, morphological and mechanical properties responsible for the drastic micro- and macroscopic deformations
Koppetsch, Karsten J. "Photodegradation of organic photochromic dyes incorporated in ormosil matrices." Link to electronic thesis, 2000. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0509100-092225/.
Full textOrdronneau, Lucie. "Nouveaux complexes de métaux à ligands multi-photochromes : modulation des propriétés d’optique non linéaire et / ou de luminescence." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S107.
Full textThe development of switchable materials is highly desirable for their potential applications in the field of photonic devices. In this context, photoactive compounds able to change their optical properties under light irradiation are particularly interesting. Dithienylethene derivatives are the most promising because of their high resistance to photo-fatigue, thermal stability of both isomers, and rapid response which are prerequisite for the practical applications. In order to modulate non linear optical properties and luminescence, we synthesize photochromic bipyridine ligands with two dithienylethene units and their corresponding metal complexes (zinc, copper, iron, iridium, rhenium and ruthenium). We have shown that the mechanism of the closing is a two steps mechanism. In addition, under irradiations, the non linear optical response increase and the luminescence is quenched
Biellmann, Thomas. "Edifices porphyrine-diaryléthène : synthèses et propriétés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF021/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis was the synthesis of new molecular structures, combining dithienylethenes and porphyrins, for applications in molecular electronics and spintronic. Metallated and free base porphyrins bearing four DTEs were characterizes and studied in solution by photochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry. The efficiency of switching of our systems reach 88 percent and strong quenching porphyrin’s fluorescence was reported. New synthetic pathways were investigated to prepare a broader scope of tetraDTEs-porphyrin derivatives. Moreover, to better understand the electronic communications between DTEs and porphyrins, a simpler bis(porphyrin)DTE molecular structure was synthetized and studied. These studies demonstrated showed the important role of the metal on photochromic behavior of dithienylethene – porphyrin architectures