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Journal articles on the topic 'Photochemical studies'

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Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

A.M., Nasimov. "Photochemical Studies of Bromocresol Purple in Sol-gel Membrane." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP4 (March 31, 2020): 1156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp4/20201589.

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2

Roberts, Joan E., James F. Wishart, Lydia Martinez, and Colin F. Chignell. "Photochemical Studies on Xanthurenic Acid¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 72, no. 4 (May 1, 2007): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720467psoxa2.0.co2.

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3

Roberts, Joan E., James F. Wishart, Lydia Martinez, and Colin F. Chignell. "Photochemical Studies on Xanthurenic Acid¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 72, no. 4 (2000): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0467:psoxa>2.0.co;2.

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4

Cantrell, A., D. J. McGarvey, J. Roberts, T. Sarna, and T. G. Truscott. "Photochemical studies of A2-E." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 64, no. 2-3 (November 2001): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00224-x.

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5

Seotsanyana-Mokhosi, Itumeleng, Nina Kuznetsova, and Tebello Nyokong. "Photochemical studies of tetra-2,3-pyridinoporphyrazines." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 140, no. 3 (May 2001): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00427-0.

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6

Miolo, Giorgia, Sergio Caffieri, Daniela Vedaldi, Francarosa Baccichetti, Christine Marzano, Vittorio Lucchini, Paolo Rodighiero, and Francesco Dall’Acqua. "Photochemical and photobiological studies on methylthioangelicins." Il Farmaco 54, no. 3 (March 1999): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-827x(99)00006-3.

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7

Chignell, C. F. "Spin trapping studies of photochemical reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 62, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199062020301.

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8

Bielec, Janusz, Barbara Pilas, Tadeusz Sarna, and T. George Truscott. "Photochemical studies of porphyrin–melanin interactions." J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2 82, no. 9 (1986): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f29868201469.

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9

Bueno, Claudio, and María Victoria Encinas. "Photophysical and Photochemical Studies of Pyridoxamine." Helvetica Chimica Acta 86, no. 10 (October 2003): 3363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.200390279.

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10

Gómez Castaño, Jovanny, Luc Boussekey, Jean Verwaerde, Myriam Moreau, and Yeny Tobón. "Enhancing Double-Beam Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (LTRS) for the Photochemical Study of Individual Airborne Microdroplets." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 3325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183325.

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A new device and methodology for vertically coupling confocal Raman microscopy with optical tweezers for the in situ physico- and photochemical studies of individual microdroplets (Ø ≤ 10 µm) levitated in air is presented. The coupling expands the spectrum of studies performed with individual particles using laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) to photochemical processes and spatially resolved Raman microspectroscopy on airborne aerosols. This is the first study to demonstrate photochemical studies and Raman mapping on optically levitated droplets. By using this configuration, photochemical reactions in aerosols of atmospheric interest can be studied on a laboratory scale under realistic conditions of gas-phase composition and relative humidity. Likewise, the distribution of photoproducts within the drop can also be observed with this setup. The applicability of the coupling system was tested by studying the photochemical behavior of microdroplets (5 µm < Ø < 8 µm) containing an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate levitated in air and exposed to narrowed UV radiation (254 ± 25 nm). Photolysis of the levitated NaNO3 microdroplets presented photochemical kinetic differences in comparison with larger NaNO3 droplets (40 µm < Ø < 80 µm), previously photolyzed using acoustic traps, and heterogeneity in the distribution of the photoproducts within the drop.

11

Guerrero, Douglas J., Ramil Mercado, Carlton Washburn, and Jim Meador. "Photochemical Studies on Bottom Anti-Reflective Coatings." Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 19, no. 3 (2006): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.19.343.

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12

Moore, Douglas E., Sarah Roberts-Thomson, Dong Zhen, and Colin C. Duke. "PHOTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUG DICLOFENAC." Photochemistry and Photobiology 52, no. 4 (October 1990): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb08667.x.

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13

Moses, John, and Pallavi Sharma. "Photochemical Studies of the Tridachiahydropyrones in Seawater." Synlett 2010, no. 04 (December 2, 2009): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1218544.

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14

Kuykendall, V., and J. Kerry Thomas. "Photophysical and photochemical studies of pillared clays." Langmuir 6, no. 8 (August 1990): 1346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00098a004.

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15

Yang, Chunfan, Kunhui Liu, Hongmei Zhao, Di Song, and Hongmei Su. "Photochemical reaction dynamics studies of nucleic acids." SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica 48, no. 2 (December 13, 2017): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n032017-00160.

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16

Carr, Michael J., Thomas D. McGrath, and F. Gordon A. Stone. "Photochemical Synthesis and Reactivity Studies of Dirhenacarboranes." Inorganic Chemistry 47, no. 2 (January 2008): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic701496x.

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17

Yusuf, Mohamad, Indu Solanki, Payal Jain, and Rupesh Kumar. "Photochemical studies: Chromones, bischromones and anthraquinone derivatives." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 12, no. 7 (November 2019): 1197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.031.

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18

A/Karim, Elfatih I., Kamal E. Ibrahim, and Mohamed E. Adam. "Studies on the photochemical decomposition of metronidazole." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 76, no. 3 (October 1991): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(91)90279-w.

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19

Acher, A., E. Fischer, R. Zellingher, and Y. Manor. "Photochemical disinfection of effluents—pilot plant studies." Water Research 24, no. 7 (July 1990): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(90)90133-q.

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20

Solomon, Paul A., S. Trivikrama Rao, Michael Trainer, and David Parrish. "Regional photochemical measurement and modeling studies conference." Atmospheric Environment 30, no. 12 (June 1996): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(96)82299-0.

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21

Kawano, Ken-Ichi, Yasuhiko Ikeda, Kazunao Kondo, and Kazuo Umemura. "Increased cerebral infarction by cyclic flow reductions: studies in the guinea pig MCA thrombosis model." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 275, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): R1578—R1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.5.r1578.

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We have developed a photochemical model of thrombotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in the guinea pig for investigating factors contributing to the development of cerebral infarction. In this model, cyclic flow reductions (CFRs) after recanalization of the MCA are a common observation and might contribute to the development of cerebral infarction. Therefore, we sought to measure the time course of recanalization of the guinea pig MCA after the artery had been occluded by a thrombus. Thrombotic occlusion of the MCA was induced by photochemical reaction between intravenously administered rose bengal and transluminal green light for 10, 15, 20, or 30 min. After the thrombotic occlusion of MCA and subsequent spontaneous thrombolysis, blood flow in the MCA gradually recovered to preocclusion level but with frequent CFRs. The recovery of MCA blood flow or duration of CFRs was dependent on the duration of photochemical reaction (extent of endothelial injury); thus, for a 30-min photochemical reaction, CFRs were still observed 24 h after photochemical reaction. In separate experiments, we also investigated the effect of permanent occlusion of the MCA, which was induced by electrocoagulation in the vessel on cerebral infarction. The infarct volume in the permanent occlusion model was smaller than the maximum value in the thrombotic occlusion model (12.5 vs. 17.4%; P < 0.05, n = 6). CFRs may constitute an important factor contributing to the extent of cerebral infarction.

22

Jackson, William M. "Recent Laboratory Photochemical Studies and Their Relationship to the Photochemical Formation of Cometary Radicals." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 116, no. 1 (1989): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100109741.

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AbstractExperimental laboratory techniques used in studying the photochemistry of stable and unstable molecules are discussed. The laboratory evidence for the photochemical formation of C2 from C2H, C3 from C3H2, and NH from NH2 is presented. Other recent results obtained in laboratory studies of H2O, H2S, NH3, and HCN are reported.

23

Stopka, Pavel, and Dana M. Wagnerová. "Photochemical generation of porphyrin. ESR and absorption spectroscopic studies." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 6 (1989): 1630–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19891630.

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Irradiation by a high-pressure mercury arc of a mixture containing pyrrole, benzaldehyde, and Fe(III) in the medium of glacial acetic acid results in the formation of Fe(III)-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin and some amount of free meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. The products were identified by means of ESR and absorption spectra. When irradiated for long periods of time, the products undergo photochemical degradation. Since the photochemical incorporation of Fe(III) into the free meso-tetraphenylporphyrin ligand yields a complex with a structure different from that in the previous case, it may be concluded that Fe(III) acts as a template in laboratory synthesis from the above starting substances.

24

McGimpsey, W. G., and J. C. Scaiano. "Photochemistry of α-chloro- and α-bromoacetophenone. Determination of extinction coefficients for halogen–benzene complexes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-237.

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The photochemical dehalogenation of α-haloacetophenones (Cl, Br) in benzene solution has been examined under conditions of continuous and pulsed laser irradiation. Product and quantum yield studies indicate that carbon-halogen bond cleavage occurs with quantum yields of 0.88 and 0.41 for α-chloro- and α-bromoacetophenone, respectively. These values are based on trapping studies in which the PhC(O)ĊH2 radicals produced photochemically are scavenged by hydrogen donors such as benzenethiol. Laser flash photolysis studies lead to intense transient signals due to benzene–halogen complexes. Combination of transient data and quantum yields lead to extinction coefficients of 1 800 and 23 700 M−1 cm−1 for the chlorine (490 nm) and bromine (550 nm) complexes, respectively.

25

Ion, Rodica-Mariana, Lorena Iancu, Ramona Marina Grigorescu, and Madalina Elena David. "Adsorption Processes Coupled with Photochemical Depolution of Waters Contaminated with Direct Orange-26 Azo Dye." Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics 18, no. 18 (April 1, 2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsmm-2022-0005.

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Abstract The present work aims to study the adsorption processes and the photochemical depollution of the waters contaminated with Direct Orange textile dyes - 26 released into the water. Also, the paper shows the polysulfone (PSf) membranes, used for adsorption processes of the textile dyes azo - direct-orange-26, presenting the kinetics and experimental adsorption conditions for such processes. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) processes used in photochemical depollution technologies are studied for water contaminated with Direct Orange 26 textile dye, after a preliminary adsorption process, with ZnFe2O4 ferrite photocatalysts.

26

Zhidkov, Ivan S., Azat F. Akbulatov, Alexander I. Poteryaev, Andrey I. Kukharenko, Alexandra V. Rasmetyeva, Lyubov A. Frolova, Pavel A. Troshin, and Ernst Z. Kurmaev. "The Photochemical Stability of PbI2 and PbBr2: Optical and XPS and DFT Studies." Coatings 13, no. 4 (April 18, 2023): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040784.

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We investigated the photochemical stability of PbX2 (X = I and Br) halides by optical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical absorbance displayed a strong reduction for PbI2 with light soaking and permanent behavior for PbBr2. The XPS survey spectra showed a sharp drop in the I:Pb ratio for PbI2 from 1.63 to 1.14 with exposure time from 0 to 1000 h while for PbBr2, it remains practically unchanged (1.59–1.55). The measurements of the XPS Pb 4f and Pb 5d spectra have shown the partial photolysis of PbI2 with the release of metallic lead whereas PbBr2 demonstrated remarkable photochemical stability. According to the density functional theory (DFT), calculations of the metal and iodide vacancy formation energies for PbBr2 are higher than for PbI2 which confirms the better stability to light soaking. The high photochemical stability of PbBr2 means that it can be used as excess under MAPbBr3 perovskite synthesis to improve not only the power conversion efficiency but also stability to light soaking.

27

Nagy, Tamás Milán, Krisztina Knapp, Eszter Illyés, István Timári, Gitta Schlosser, Gabriella Csík, Attila Borics, Zsuzsa Majer, and Katalin E. Kövér. "Photochemical and Structural Studies on Cyclic Peptide Models." Molecules 23, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092196.

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Ultra-violet (UV) irradiation has a significant impact on the structure and function of proteins that is supposed to be in relationship with the tryptophan-mediated photolysis of disulfide bonds. To investigate the correlation between the photoexcitation of Trp residues in polypeptides and the associated reduction of disulfide bridges, a series of small, cyclic oligopeptide models were analyzed in this work. Average distances between the aromatic side chains and the disulfide bridge were determined following molecular mechanics (MM) geometry optimizations. In this way, the possibility of cation–π interactions was also investigated. Molecular mechanics calculations revealed that the shortest distance between the side chain of the Trp residues and the disulfide bridge is approximately 5 Å in the cyclic pentapeptide models. Based on this, three tryptophan-containing cyclopeptide models were synthesized and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Experimental data and detailed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were in good agreement with MM geometry calculations. Selected model peptides were subjected to photolytic degradation to study the correlation of structural features and the photolytic cleavage of disulfide bonds in solution. Formation of free sulfhydryl groups upon illumination with near UV light was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy after chemical derivatization with 7-diethylamino-3-(4-maleimidophenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM) and mass spectrometry. Liquid cromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) measurements indicated the presence of multiple photooxidation products (e.g., dimers, multimers and other oxidated products), suggesting that besides the photolysis of disulfide bonds secondary photolytic processes take place.

28

Pávez, Paulina, and Maria Victoria Encinas. "Photophysics and Photochemical Studies of 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives." Photochemistry and Photobiology 83, no. 3 (March 14, 2007): 722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/2006-05-22-ra-898.

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29

Dillon, James, Ren-Hong Wang, and Stephen J. Atherton. "PHOTOCHEMICAL AND PHOTOPHYSICAL STUDIES ON HUMAN LENS CONSTITUENTS." Photochemistry and Photobiology 52, no. 4 (October 1990): 849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb08692.x.

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30

Seotsanyana-Mokhosi, Itumeleng, and Tebello Nyokong. "Synthesis and photochemical studies of substituted adjacent binaphthalophthalocyanines." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 08, no. 10 (October 2004): 1214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424604000568.

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Adjacent phthalocyanines with a binaphthalo backbone and phenoxy substituents were synthesized and their photochemical properties were investigated. The adjacent phthalocyanines are the binaphthalophthalocyanines, with the phenoxy, 4-tert-butylphenoxy and the sulfophenoxy substituents, respectively and bis-binaphthalophthalocyanine which has an extended π conjugation system and larger singlet oxygen quantum yield compared to the other compounds. The presence of the phenoxy substituents as well as the binaphthalo bridge does not cause a marked difference on the fluorescing properties of these complexes when compared to zinc phthalocyanine. The binaphthalo backbone allowed the molecules to photoswitch during photolysis affording them very high photostability.

31

HACKER, NIGEL P., DONALD C. HOFER, and KEVIN M. WELSH. "Photochemical and photophysical studies on chemically amplified resists." Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (1992): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.5.35.

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32

Marciniak, B., H. Kozubek, J. Koput, and S. Paszyc. "Spectroscopic and Photochemical Studies of Gossypol in Solution." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-0215.

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AbstractSpectroscopic properties of gossypol and its stability in different solvents and pH are studied by means of UV-visible absorption and emission spectroscopy. The results are correlated and discussed on the basis of semiempirical INDO/S CI calculations. The influence of oxygen and excitation wavelength on the photodecomposition of gossypol in solution is also investigated.

33

HIRAHARA, Yoshichika, Yasuyoshi SAYATO, and Katsuhiko NAKAMURO. "Studies on Photochemical Behaviors of Pesticides in Environment." Eisei kagaku 44, no. 6 (1998): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/jhs1956.44.451.

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34

Chen, Xiaobo, Sarah M. Halasz, Eric C. Giles, Jessica V. Mankus, Joseph C. Johnson, and Clemens Burda. "A Simple Parallel Photochemical Reactor for Photodecomposition Studies." Journal of Chemical Education 83, no. 2 (February 2006): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed083p265.

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35

Krasnovsky, А. А. "Luminescence and photochemical studies of singlet oxygen photonics." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 196, no. 2-3 (May 2008): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.12.015.

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36

Kieber, David J., Dierdre A. Toole, Joseph J. Jankowski, Ronald P. Kiene, George R. Westby, Daniela A. del Valle, and Doris Slezak. "Chemical “light meters” for photochemical and photobiological studies." Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 3 (August 14, 2007): 360–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0895-0.

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37

Akselrod, L., H. J. Byrne, C. Thomsen, A. Mittelbach, and S. Roth. "Raman studies of photochemical reactions in fullerene films." Chemical Physics Letters 212, no. 3-4 (September 1993): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(93)89342-f.

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38

Zimmermann, Frank M., and W. Ho. "State resolved studies of photochemical dynamics at surfaces." Surface Science Reports 22, no. 4-6 (December 1995): 127–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5729(96)80001-x.

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39

Ono, Isao, Tetsuo Ikegami, and Tomoko Inayoshi. "Studies on Photochemical Reactivities of 2-(Alkylcarbamoyl)quinolines." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 73, no. 3 (March 2000): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.73.575.

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40

Brown-McDonald, Jessie, Seth Berg, Marci Peralto, and Carmen Works. "Photochemical studies of iron-only hydrogenase model compounds." Inorganica Chimica Acta 362, no. 2 (January 2009): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2008.03.110.

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41

Nilsson, E. J. K., C. Eskebjerg, and M. S. Johnson. "A photochemical reactor for studies of atmospheric chemistry." Atmospheric Environment 43, no. 18 (June 2009): 3029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.034.

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42

Bourdelande, J. L., J. Font, and P. de March. "Insoluble polymeric photosensitizers: Surface photophysical and photochemical studies." Reactive Polymers 10, no. 2-3 (January 1989): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-1137(89)90056-0.

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43

Kelbysheva, Elena S., Lyudmila N. Telegina, Tatyana V. Strelkova, Mariam G. Ezernitskaya, Emiliya V. Nosova, Yurii A. Borisov, Boris V. Lokshin, and Nikolay M. Loim. "Spectroscopic Studies of Photochemical Transformations of Cymantrenylquinazolinone Derivatives." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2018, no. 18 (May 11, 2018): 1945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201800244.

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44

Farajzadeh, Nazli, Göknur Yaşa Atmaca, Ali Erdoğmuş, and Makbule Burkut Koçak. "Comparatively singlet oxygen efficiency by sono-photochemical and photochemical studies of new lutetium (III) phthalocyanines." Dyes and Pigments 190 (June 2021): 109325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2021.109325.

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45

Sasahara, Akira, and Hiroshi Onishi. "Surface Science Approach to Photochemistry of TiO₂." Solid State Phenomena 162 (June 2010): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.162.115.

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Surface science studies of photochemistry on titanium dioxide (TiO2) were reviewed. In the studies, photochemical processes were investigated in relation to atomic-scale surface structures by applying surface-sensitive analytical methods to single crystal TiO2 surfaces with well-defined structures. It is demonstrated that a surface science approach is promising for full description of the photochemical processes on TiO2.

46

Oelgemöller, Michael, and Norbert Hoffmann. "Studies in organic and physical photochemistry – an interdisciplinary approach." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, no. 31 (2016): 7392–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob00842a.

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Organic photochemistry when applied to synthesis strongly interacts in a very fruitful way with physical chemistry. A profound understanding of the photochemical reaction mechanisms is indispensable for optimization and application of these reactions.

47

Huvelle, Steve, Ahmed Alouane, Thomas Le Saux, Ludovic Jullien, and Frédéric Schmidt. "Syntheses and kinetic studies of cyclisation-based self-immolative spacers." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, no. 16 (2017): 3435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob00121e.

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Photochemical activation has allowed the precise determination of the disassembly times of cyclisation-based self-immolative spacers. Results confirmed large differences with previously studied elimination-based self-immolative spacers.

48

Lei, W., B. de Foy, M. Zavala, R. Volkamer, and L. T. Molina. "Characterizing ozone production in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area: a case study using a chemical transport model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 6, no. 4 (August 17, 2006): 7959–8009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-7959-2006.

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Abstract. An episodic simulation is conducted to characterize ozone (O3) photochemical production and investigate its sensitivity to emission changes of ozone precursors in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) using the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx). High Ox (O3+NO2) photochemical production rates of 10–80 ppb/h are predicted due to the high reactivity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in which alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics exert comparable contributions. The predicted ozone production efficiency is between 4–10 O3 molecules per NOx molecule oxidized, and increases with VOC-to-NO2 reactivity ratio. Process apportionment analyses indicate significant outflow of pollutants such as O3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) from the urban area to the surrounding regional environment. PAN is not in chemical-thermal equilibrium during the photochemically active periods. Sensitivity studies of O3 production suggest that O3 formation in the MCMA urban region with less chemical aging (NOz/NOy<0.3) is VOC-limited. Both the simulated behavior of O3 production and its sensitivities to precursors suggest that midday O3 formation during this episode is VOC sensitive in the urban region on the basis of the current emissions inventory. More episodic studies are needed to construct a comprehensive and representative picture of the O3 production characteristics and its response to emission controls.

49

Groeneveld, M. M., L. J. Tranvik, and B. Koehler. "Photochemical mineralisation in a humic boreal lake: temporal variability and contribution to carbon dioxide production." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 20 (October 23, 2015): 17125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-17125-2015.

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Abstract:

Abstract. Sunlight induces photochemical mineralisation of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in inland waters, resulting in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere. Photochemical rate modelling is used to determine sunlight-induced CO2 emissions on large spatial and temporal scales. A sensitive model parameter is the wavelength-specific photochemical CDOM reactivity, the apparent quantum yield (AQY). The modelling studies so far assume that AQY spectra determined for single lakes and on single occasions represent larger spatial and temporal scales. Here, we studied a humic boreal lake in Sweden. We measured AQY spectra for photochemical DIC production monthly between June and November 2014 and parameterised a photochemical rate model. Photochemical reactivity increased slightly during the open water period, likely due to a high rainfall event with consecutive mixing in autumn that increased availability of highly photoreactive CDOM. However, the variability in AQY spectra over time was much smaller than previously reported variability in AQY spectra across lakes. Yet, using either the AQY spectrum from the least or from the most photoreactive water sample resulted in a 5-fold difference in simulated annual DIC photoproduction (2.0 ± 0.1 and 10.3 ± 0.7 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively). Using the monthly measured AQY spectrum to simulate DIC photoproduction for month-long time periods resulted in an apparent time lag between irradiance and DIC photoproduction. This suggested that temporal variability in AQY spectra occurs on shorter time scales. Therefore, we parameterised the model with the pooled AQY spectrum of six monthly measurements. Simulated DIC photoproduction for three years (2012–2014) averaged 4.5 ± 0.2 g C m−2 yr−1, which represented 3 % of the mean CO2 emissions from this lake. We conclude that (1) it may be recommendable to conduct repeated AQY measurements across the season for more accurate simulation of annual photochemical DIC production in lakes and (2), in agreement with previous studies, direct CDOM photomineralisation makes only a minor contribution to mean CO2 emissions from Swedish humic lakes.

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Ayhan, M. Menaf, Mahmut Durmuş, and Ayşe G. Gürek. "Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical studies of novel liquid crystalline phthalocyanines." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 13, no. 06 (June 2009): 722–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424609000917.

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Abstract:

Ni(II) and Zn(II) phthalocyanines carrying four or eight branched oligo(ethyleneoxy)-thia groups on peripheral positions have been synthesized from new phthalonitrile derivatives. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR, mass spectra and electronic spectroscopy. The aggregation behaviors of the phthalocyanine complexes were studied in different solvents and concentrations. General trends are described for photodegradation, singlet oxygen and fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence lifetimes of these compounds in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The effects of the substitution on the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the nickel(II) (3a and 4a) and zinc(II) phthalocyanines (4b) are also reported. The octasubstituted zinc(II) complex (3b) is not stable for these measurements. Preliminary investigation of the photophysical and photochemical properties of phthalocyanine complexes are very useful for further PDT applications. The mesogenic properties of these new materials were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical polarized microscopy and X-ray investigations.