Journal articles: 'Photocatalytic Properties - Nanostructures'

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Cao, Feng, Jianmin Wang, Wanhong Tu, Xin Lv, Song Li, and Gaowu Qin. "Uniform Bi2O2CO3 hierarchical nanoflowers: solvothermal synthesis and photocatalytic properties." Functional Materials Letters 08, no. 02 (April 2015): 1550021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604715500216.

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Well-defined flowerlike Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 nanostructures were fabricated by a simple one-pot solvothermal method with high yield. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption, photoluminescence spectra and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic properties of the as-prepared samples were further investigated by photocatalytic decomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye, and it was found that the Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 nanoflowers showed a good photocatalytic activity under UV light. The excellent photocatalytic performance of Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 flowerlike nanostructures is related to its special nanostructure and morphology, indicates its potential application in photocatalysis and nanosensors.

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Guo, Xiaoxiao, Xiaoyun Qin, Zhenjie Xue, Changbo Zhang, Xiaohua Sun, Jibo Hou, and Tie Wang. "Morphology-controlled synthesis of WO2.72 nanostructures and their photocatalytic properties." RSC Advances 6, no. 54 (2016): 48537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra08551b.

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WO_2.72 nanowires and urchin-like WO_2.72 nanostructures exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activities for organic pollutants degradation compared to commercial nanostructured tungsten oxide.

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Prabhakar Vattikuti, Surya V., Jie Zeng, Rajavaram Ramaraghavulu, Jaesool Shim, Alain Mauger, and Christian M. Julien. "High-Throughput Strategies for the Design, Discovery, and Analysis of Bismuth-Based Photocatalysts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010663.

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Bismuth-based nanostructures (BBNs) have attracted extensive research attention due to their tremendous development in the fields of photocatalysis and electro-catalysis. BBNs are considered potential photocatalysts because of their easily tuned electronic properties by changing their chemical composition, surface morphology, crystal structure, and band energies. However, their photocatalytic performance is not satisfactory yet, which limits their use in practical applications. To date, the charge carrier behavior of surface-engineered bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts has been under study to harness abundant solar energy for pollutant degradation and water splitting. Therefore, in this review, photocatalytic concepts and surface engineering for improving charge transport and the separation of available photocatalysts are first introduced. Afterward, the different strategies mainly implemented for the improvement of the photocatalytic activity are considered, including different synthetic approaches, the engineering of nanostructures, the influence of phase structure, and the active species produced from heterojunctions. Photocatalytic enhancement via the surface plasmon resonance effect is also examined and the photocatalytic performance of the bismuth-based photocatalytic mechanism is elucidated and discussed in detail, considering the different semiconductor junctions. Based on recent reports, current challenges and future directions for designing and developing bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for enhanced photoactivity and stability are summarized.

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Wang, S. L., H. W. Zhu, W. H. Tang, and P. G. Li. "Propeller-Shaped ZnO Nanostructures Obtained by Chemical Vapor Deposition: Photoluminescence and Photocatalytic Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/594290.

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Propeller-shaped and flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures on Si substrates were prepared by a one-step chemical vapor deposition technique. The propeller-shaped ZnO nanostructure consists of a set of axial nanorod (50 nm in tip, 80 nm in root and 1 μm in length), surrounded by radial-oriented nanoribbons (20–30 nm in thickness and 1.5 μm in length). The morphology of flower-shaped ZnO nanostructure is similar to that of propeller-shaped ZnO, except the shape of leaves. These nanorods leaves (30 nm in diameter and 1–1.5 μm in length) are aligned in a radial way and pointed toward a common center. The flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures show sharper and stronger UV emission at 378 nm than the propeller-shaped ZnO, indicating a better crystal quality and fewer structural defects in flower-shaped ZnO. In comparison with flower-shaped ZnO nanostructures, the propeller-shaped ZnO nanostructures exhibited a higher photocatalytic property for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under UV-light illumination.

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Stride, John A., and Nam T. Tuong. "Controlled Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures." Solid State Phenomena 162 (June 2010): 261–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.162.261.

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Recent interest in nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been driven by the excellent photocatalytic and optical properties exhibited by the anatase and rutile phases. This article highlights the relationship between reaction conditions and the resultant nanostructured TiO2 and is primarily focused on wet chemical synthetic methods. We show that solvothermal syntheses of nano-TiO2 can be rationalised by making use of a diffusion-controlled model accounting for physical properties of the solvent such as the vapour-pressure, allowing the prediction and control the phase, size and type of nanostructured TiO2 product. This external control makes it possible for the systematic synthesis of TiO2 nanostructures via parameters such as the solvent chain length, the reaction temperature and time, and also by the addition of surfactants, providing the ability to design and tailor the nanostructured TiO2, which is vital for the optimal application of these nanostructures in photocatalytic or optical applications.

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Mutuma, Bridget K., Xiluva Mathebula, Isaac Nongwe, Bonakele P. Mtolo, Boitumelo J. Matsoso, Rudolph Erasmus, Zikhona Tetana, and Neil J. Coville. "Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO2@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO2 core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (December 9, 2020): 1834–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.165.

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Core–shell based nanostructures are attractive candidates for photocatalysis owing to their tunable physicochemical properties, their interfacial contact effects, and their efficacy in charge-carrier separation. This study reports, for the first time, on the synthesis of mesoporous silica@nickel phyllosilicate/titania (mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2) core–shell nanostructures. The TEM results showed that the mSiO2@NiPS composite has a core–shell nanostructure with a unique flake-like shell morphology. XPS analysis revealed the successful formation of 1:1 nickel phyllosilicate on the SiO2 surface. The addition of TiO2 to the mSiO2@NiPS yielded the mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 composite. The bandgap energy of mSiO2@NiPS and of mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 were estimated to be 2.05 and 2.68 eV, respectively, indicating the role of titania in tuning the optoelectronic properties of the SiO2@nickel phyllosilicate. As a proof of concept, the core–shell nanostructures were used as photocatalysts for the degradation of methyl violet dye and the degradation efficiencies were found to be 72% and 99% for the mSiO2@NiPS and the mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 nanostructures, respectively. Furthermore, a recyclability test revealed good stability and recyclability of the mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 photocatalyst with a degradation efficacy of 93% after three cycles. The porous flake-like morphology of the nickel phyllosilicate acted as a suitable support for the TiO2 nanoparticles. Further, a coating of TiO2 on the mSiO2@NiPS surface greatly affected the surface features and optoelectronic properties of the core–shell nanostructure and yielded superior photocatalytic properties.

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AK AZEM, Funda, Işıl BİRLİK, Özgür Yasin KESKİN, and Tülay KOÇ DELİCE. "Improvement of Photocatalytic Degradation of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials by Non-metal Doping." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 23, no. 4 (August 29, 2023): 874–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1256778.

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Semiconductor photocatalysis is a process that benefits from sunlight to start chemical reactions. In order to take advantage photocatalytic properties of semiconductors and to achieve better performance structural adjustment is needed. In this study, varying amounts of nitrogen were used to modify TiO2 nanostructures using the sol-gel method. The crystalline structure of the synthesized TiO2 nanostructures was studied using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to analyse the elemental composition of nanomaterials. XPS analyze confirms that nitrogen is introduced into the lattice of TiO2. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation was employed to assess the photocatalytic performance of the samples. To evaluate degradation, the absorption of MB over time was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. As a result, the doping process has been found to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, and 0.2% N doped TiO2 nanostructures demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic degradation of MB.

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Karpyna, V. A., L. A. Myroniuk, D. V. Myroniuk, M. E. Bugaiova, L. I. Petrosian, O. I. Bykov, O. I. Olifan, et al. "Photocatalysis and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures grown by MOCVD on Si, Au/Si and Ag/Si wafers." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp14.01.083.

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Zinc oxide nanostructures (NS) were grown on thin discontinuous films of noble metals of silver and gold in order to study their structure, optical properties as well as photocatalytic and antiviral activity. The paper presents the results of X-ray diffraction study, scanning electron microscopy study, photoluminescence and Raman measurements. X-ray diffraction experiments demonstrate similar patterns for all grown ZnO nanostructures. The SEM images of ZnO NS grown on Ag/Si and Au/Si wafers demonstrate more dense surface microstructure compared to ZnO NS grown on bare Si wafers. The most intensive ultraviolet and deep level emissions are observed for ZnO NS grown on Ag/Si wafers. Increase in thicknesses of Ag island film from 5 nm to 10 nm gives significant increase in intensity of ultraviolet and deep level emissions. Photocatalysis of grown ZnO nanostructures was studied by methyl orange dye degradation. Superior photocatalytic results are demonstrated by ZnO nanostructures grown on Ag/Si wafers, for which constants of dye degradation were twice higher than for ZnO nanostructures grown on Si and Au/Si substrates. The photocatalytic results correlates with photoluminescence spectra: more intensive photoluminescence in ultraviolet and visible ranges of optical spectrum leads to better photocatalytic performance. The cytotoxic effect of ZnO nanostructures was studied without photoactivation by the help of cell cultures MDCK and Hep-2 while the virucidal effect of ZnO nanostructures was studied by the help of Influenza A virus (H1N1) (strain FM / 1/47) and human adenovirus serotype 2 (HAdV2). ZnO nanostructures in a 1:10 dilution were not toxic to Hep-2 and MDCK cells. Most of the tested ZnO nanostructures exhibited no virucidal activity against human adenovirus serotype 2 (HAdV2) and influenza A virus (H1N1) (strain FM / 1/47) in the absence of photoexcitation.

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Verma, Hemant Kumar, Mahak Vij, and K. K. Maurya. "Synthesis, Characterization and Sun Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 3683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17679.

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Low-temperature growth of nanostructures with large yield is a basic requirement for fulfilling the demand of large-scale applications of nanomaterials. The synthesis of nanoscale materials has gained considerable attention due to their excellent properties also in photocatalysis. Catalyst and Dopant free, solar active ZnO nanostructures photocatalysts with vacancy richness were synthesized in large quantities (in grams) through the co-precipitation growth process using ZnNi2·6H2O as the zinc source at room temperature. This method has advantages such as low temperature with high yield (>8 grams per liter) at atmospheric pressure synthesis. The experimental results confirm that synthesized ZnO samples were crystallized into a wurtzite hexagonal structure. Under direct sunlight energy examined degradation of organic dye methylene blue (MB) for photocatalytic activity using ZnO nanostructures. The photocatalytic performance depends on the different defects as well as the specific surface area. After photocatalytic degradation of MB dye in 60 min under natural sunlight irradiation colorless matrix was observed. The repeatability assessments for reusability of ZnO nanostructures after photocatalytic activity was also studied and reported for degradation of organic MB dye.

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Rajbongshi, Himanshu, and Dipjyoti Kalita. "Morphology-Dependent Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutant and Antibacterial Activity with CdS Nanostructures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 5885–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18552.

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Efficient removal of organic pollutants from waste water by nanostructured photocatalysts has become an emerging research due to its importance in environmental remediation. Herein, CdS nanostructures with different morphologies i.e., spherical, nanopetal and rose-like have been synthesized by wet chemical method using TEA as a structure directing agent. The morphology, crystal structure, composition, surface area and optical properties of the nanostructures are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer-Emment-Teller (BET) analyser, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD patterns indicate the existence of hexagonal phase of CdS in all the three morphologies. The SEM images confirm the morphological transformation of spherical CdS nanoparticles (NPs) to nanopetal and rose-like morphology with the increase in concentration of TEA in the synthesis process. UV-visible absorption spectra show that rose-like CdS nanostructure exhibits red-shift of absorption wavelength compared to spherical and nanopetal CdS nanostructures. The increase in intensity of PL peak of rose-like CdS at 576.6 nm compared to that of spherical and nanopetal CdS, confirms the presence of more S vacancies or defect states. The BET specific surface areas of spherical, nanopetal and rose-like CdS nanostructures are determined to be 4.18, 6.64 and 8.93 m2/g, respectively. The EIS Nyquist plot confirms the higher electron transfer efficiency of rose-like CdS than that of spherical and nanopetal CdS. The photocatalytic activity of these three nanostructures are evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in water solution under sunlight irradiation. Among the three structures, rose-like CdS nanostructure shows highest photocatalytic efficiency (96.5%) under sunlight irradiation within 120 min of sunlight irradiation. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized CdS nanostructures is performed against two Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and rose-like CdS shows more activity against both types of bacteria than that of spherical and nanopetal CdS.

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Abu-Dalo, Muna A., Saja A. Al-Rosan, and Borhan A. Albiss. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Polymeric Membranes Based on Cellulose Acetate Impregnated with ZnO Nanostructures." Polymers 13, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193451.

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This paper studied the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) using polymeric membrane impregnated with ZnO nanostructures under UV-light and sunlight irradiation. ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO nanowires were prepared using the hydrothermal technique. Cellulose acetate polymeric membranes were fabricated by the phase inversion method using dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent and ZnO nanostructures. The structural properties of the nanostructures and the membranes were investigated using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TGA measurements. The membranes were tested for photocatalytic degradation of MB using a UV lamp and a sunlight simulator. The photocatalytic results under sunlight irradiation in the presence of cellulose acetate impregnated with ZnO nanoparticles (CA-ZnO-NP) showed a more rapid degradation of MB (about 75%) compared to the results obtained under UV-light irradiation degradation (about 30%). The results show that CA-ZnO-NP possesses the photocatalytic ability to degrade MB efficiently at different levels under UV-light and sunlight irradiation. Modified membranes with ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO nanowires were found to be chemically stable, recyclable, and reproducible. The addition of ZnO nanostructure to the cellulose membranes generally enhanced their photocatalytic activity toward MB, making these potential membranes candidates for removing organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.

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Pocoví-Martínez, Salvador, Inti Zumeta-Dube, and David Diaz. "Production of Methanol from Aqueous CO2 by Using Co3O4 Nanostructures as Photocatalysts." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (January 9, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6461493.

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In this work, we report for the first time the photocatalytic activity of Co3O4 nanostructures for the reduction of aqueous CO2 to methanol (MeOH). This could be considered a simple example of artificial photosynthesis. The photocatalysis experiments were developed under simulated solar light of 100 mW/cm2 and without using any sacrificial agent. To carry out this study, nanostructured mixed valence cobalt oxide (Co3O4) powders, with porous nanoparticle aggregates of different morphologies, have been prepared by two synthesis methods. The characterization of structural (PXRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM) and optical (UV-vis-NIR, Raman, and FT-IR) properties, magnetization curves, and surface area (BET) was accomplished.

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Kulis-Kapuscinska, Anna, Monika Kwoka, Michal Adam Borysiewicz, Massimo Sgarzi, and Gianaurelio Cuniberti. "ZnO Low-Dimensional Thin Films Used as a Potential Material for Water Treatment." Engineering Proceedings 6, no. 1 (May 17, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10131.

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In this work, the properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) low-dimensional conductive oxide nanostructures in the aspect of their potential applications in microelectronics, in toxic gas sensing, as well as in water remediation, have been determined. ZnO nanostructured porous thin films deposited by DC reactive sputtering (RS) have been deposited on Si substrates at different temperature conditions. For surface properties and chemical morphology analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used. Thanks to these techniques, it was possible to obtain information on thin film surface modifications caused by the adsorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and by the adsorption of photodegradation products following the photocatalysis experiments. The ZnO thin films were tested for their photocatalytic properties under UV light irradiation. For this purpose, methylene blue was used as a dye model pollutant to evaluate the activity of the nanostructures. It was observed that the ZnO thin films are able to photocatalytically degrade methylene blue. These results demonstrate that properly selected zinc oxide nanostructures, currently used in toxic gas sensing, can find application in the removal of micropollutants such as dyes and pharmaceuticals present in wastewater.

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Wang, Hong Mei, Da Peng Zhou, Yuan Lian, Ming Pang, and Dan Liu. "Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of Flower-Like CdS Nanostructures." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.460.

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Hexagonal flower-like CdS nanostructures were successfully synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method with thiourea as sulfur source. By combining the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the structural and morphological characterizations of the products were performed. The photocatalytic activity of CdS nanostructures had been tested by degradation of Rhodamine B (RB) under UV light compared to commercial CdS powders, which indicated that the as-syntherized CdS nanostructures exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of RB. The possible growth mechanism of CdS nanostructures was proposed in the end.

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Yousef, Aseel, Zeineb Thiehmed, Rana Abdul Shakoor, and Talal Altahtamouni. "Recent Progress in WS2-Based Nanomaterials Employed for Photocatalytic Water Treatment." Catalysts 12, no. 10 (September 28, 2022): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12101138.

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Water pollution is one of the most serious environmental issues globally due to its harmful consequences on the ecosystem and public health. Various technologies have been developed for water treatment such as photocatalysis, which has recently drawn scientists’ attention. Photocatalytic techniques using semiconductors have shown an efficient removal of various water contaminants during water treatment as well as cost effectivity and low energy consumption. Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is among the promising Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) photocatalysts, as it has an exceptional nanostructure and special properties including high surface area and high carrier mobility. It is usually synthesized via hydrothermal technique, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) to obtain a wide variety of nanostructures such as nanosheets and nanorods. Most common examples of water pollutants that can be removed efficiently by WS2-based nanomaterials through semiconductor photocatalytic techniques are organic contaminants, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and infectious microorganisms. This review summarizes the most recent work on employing WS2-based nanomaterials for different photocatalytic water treatment processes.

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Al Suliman, Noura, Chawki Awada, Adil Alshoaibi, and Nagih M. Shaalan. "Simple Preparation of Ceramic-Like Materials Based on 1D-Agx(x=0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mM)/TiO2 Nanostructures and Their Photocatalysis Performance." Crystals 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10111024.

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Vertical Agx/TiO2 nanorods were successfully grown by a simple oxidation method of a Ti-Ag coating. The samples were grown in the phase of ceramic-like materials, which can be reusable for many cycles for photocatalysis applications. These ceramic-like Agx/TiO2 nanostructures were prepared by the spin-coating of silver nitrate onto Ti sheets. The presence of silver on the surface of the Ti sheet during the oxidation process helped in the growth of one-dimensional nanostructures. The physical properties of the fabricated ceramic-like nanostructures were studied by varying the concentration of silver on the Ti-sheet before the oxidation. One-dimensional nanostructures with an average size varying within the range of 200–500 nm were grown. The presence of silver made the nanostructure vertically directed. The nanorods were dense at the low and medium concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mM of silver in contrary to high silver concentrations, where the nanorods were very sparse at 40 mM. Structural analysis showed the anatase and rutile structure of pure TiO2 with distinguishing diffraction lines A(101) and R(110); however, Agx/TiO2 showed a dominant orientation of A(101), confirming the 1D growth. Raman spectra confirmed the presence of TiO2 via the observation of its corresponding phonon modes. The photocatalysis properties of the fabricated ceramic-like nanostructures were performed on methylene blue (MB) as a known target dye. The low- and medium-silver-concentration samples showed a high photocatalytic activity compared to the pure and high-silver-concentration samples.

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Li, Xiling, Wenfeng Guo, Hui Huang, Tingfang Chen, Moyu Zhang, and Yinshu Wang. "Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of CuO Nanostructures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 3428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2014.7965.

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Xia, X. H., Y. Liang, Z. Wang, J. Fan, Y. S. Luo, and Z. J. Jia. "Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanostructures." Materials Research Bulletin 43, no. 8-9 (August 2008): 2187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.08.026.

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Zhang, Yunping, Xi Liu, Mahani Yusoff, and Mohd Hasmizam Razali. "Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of a 3D Flower-Like TiO2 Nanostructure Photocatalyst." Scanning 2021 (September 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3839235.

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Flower-like titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures are successfully synthesized using a hybrid sol-gel and a simple hydrothermal method. The sample was characterized using various techniques to study their physicochemical properties and was tested as a photocatalyst for methyl orange degradation and as an antibacterial material. Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern show that the phase structure of the synthesized TiO2 is anatase with 80-100 nm in diameter and 150–200 nm in length of flower-like nanostructures as proved by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of flower-like anatase TiO2 nanostructure found that only titanium and oxygen elements are present in the sample. The anatase phase was confirmed further by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern analysis. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) result shows that the sample had a large surface area (108.24 m2/g) and large band gap energy (3.26 eV) due to their nanosize. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the formation of Ti4+ and Ti3+ species which could prevent the recombination of the photogenerated electron, thus increased the electron transportation and photocatalytic activity of flower-like anatase TiO2 nanostructure to degrade the methyl orange (83.03%) in a short time (60 minutes). These properties also support the good performance of flower-like titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructure as an antibacterial material which is comparable with penicillin which is 13.00 ± 0.02 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus.

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Sevastaki, Maria, Vassilis M. Papadakis, Cosmin Romanitan, Mirela Petruta Suchea, and George Kenanakis. "Photocatalytic Properties of Eco-Friendly ZnO Nanostructures on 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid Scaffolds." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010168.

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The present paper reports a novel approach for fabrication of eco-friendly ZnO nanoparticles onto three-dimensional (3D)-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds/structures. Several alcohol-based traditional Greek liquors were used to achieve the corrosion of metallic zinc collected from a typical galvanic anode to obtain photocatalytic active nanostructured ZnO, varying from water, to Greek “ouzo” and “raki”, and pure ethanol, in combination with “Baker’s ammonia” (ammonium bicarbonate), sold worldwide in every food store. The photocatalytic active ZnO nanostructures onto three-dimensional (3D)-printed PLA scaffolds were used to achieve the degradation of 50 ppm paracetamol in water, under UV irradiation. This study provides evidence that following the proposed low-cost, eco-friendly routes for the fabrication of large-scale photocatalysts, an almost 95% degradation of 50 ppm paracetamol in water can be achieved, making the obtained 3D ZnO/PLA structures excellent candidates for real life environmental applications. This is the first literature research report on a successful attempt of using this approach for the engineering of low-cost photocatalytic active elements for pharmaceutical contaminants in waters.

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Sevastaki, Maria, Vassilis M. Papadakis, Cosmin Romanitan, Mirela Petruta Suchea, and George Kenanakis. "Photocatalytic Properties of Eco-Friendly ZnO Nanostructures on 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid Scaffolds." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010168.

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The present paper reports a novel approach for fabrication of eco-friendly ZnO nanoparticles onto three-dimensional (3D)-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds/structures. Several alcohol-based traditional Greek liquors were used to achieve the corrosion of metallic zinc collected from a typical galvanic anode to obtain photocatalytic active nanostructured ZnO, varying from water, to Greek “ouzo” and “raki”, and pure ethanol, in combination with “Baker’s ammonia” (ammonium bicarbonate), sold worldwide in every food store. The photocatalytic active ZnO nanostructures onto three-dimensional (3D)-printed PLA scaffolds were used to achieve the degradation of 50 ppm paracetamol in water, under UV irradiation. This study provides evidence that following the proposed low-cost, eco-friendly routes for the fabrication of large-scale photocatalysts, an almost 95% degradation of 50 ppm paracetamol in water can be achieved, making the obtained 3D ZnO/PLA structures excellent candidates for real life environmental applications. This is the first literature research report on a successful attempt of using this approach for the engineering of low-cost photocatalytic active elements for pharmaceutical contaminants in waters.

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Noontasa, Sopa, Vatcharinkorn Mekla, and Sert Kiennork. "Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of CuO Nanorods Using the Hydrothermal Treatment Method." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2258.

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In this work optical properties of CuO nanostructure were studied. CuO nanostructure were synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment method. The structural and chemical natures of the obtained materials were studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and study optical properties by UV-visible spectral. The XRD patterns of the CuO nanostructures indicated that CuO phases (JCPDS 05- 0661). The top-view SEM images, it can be seen clearly that high-density, horizontally scattered nanorod were grown on the product prepared at concentration of NaOH (aq) 7.5 M at 180 C for 12 h. The spectral of UV-vis data recorded showed the strong cut off at 341 nm.

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Kuriakose, Sini, Vandana Choudhary, Biswarup Satpati, and Satyabrata Mohapatra. "Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (May 15, 2014): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.75.

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We report the synthesis of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic activity by a facile wet-chemical method. The structural, optical, plasmonic and photocatalytic properties of the Ag–ZnO hybrid nanostructures were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. The effects of citrate concentration and Ag nanoparticle loading on the photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid nanostructures towards sun-light driven degradation of methylene blue (MB) have been investigated. Increase in citrate concentration has been found to result in the formation of nanodisk-like structures, due to citrate-assisted oriented attachment of ZnO nanoparticles. The decoration of ZnO nanostructures with Ag nanoparticles resulted in a significant enhancement of the photocatalytic degradation efficiency, which has been found to increase with the extent of Ag nanoparticle loading.

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Baibara, O. E., M. V. Radchenko, V. A. Karpyna, and A. I. Ievtushenko. "A Review of the some aspects for the development of ZnO based photocatalysts for a variety of applications." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 22, no. 3 (September 26, 2021): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.3.585-594.

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Today, one of the most important problems for humanity is the pollution of the environment with various organic compounds that worsen the health of the peoples. The most dangerous pollutants are complex compounds that do not degrade under natural conditions. One way to solve the problem of pollution is to use photocatalysis to degrade harmful compounds. Zinc oxide nanostructures exhibit attractive photocatalytic and antibacterial properties due to the increased reactivity of the nanoparticle surface, which allows the efficient decomposition of organic pollutants. In this review, various methods for enhancing the photoefficiency of ZnO nanostructures are considered. It is shown that ZnO nanoparticles with specific surfaces (spherical, nanowires, nanoflowers), which are characterized by a high surface area, have a high removal rate of various pollutants. Such methods of improving the photocatalytic properties of ZnO as the band gap engineering, doping with metal/nonmetal, the combination of ZnO with other materials, formation of hybrid structures are considered.

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JOSE, VINAYA, VISMAYA JOSE, C. FREEDA CHRISTY, and A. SAMSON NESARAJ. "Development of Perovskite Based Electrode Materials for Application in Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Present Status and Future Prospects." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 3 (2022): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23549.

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Nanostructured electrode materials have illustrated predominant electrochemical properties in producing high-performance supercapacitors. Perovskite based nanostructures with formula ABO3 have received broad consideration due to their excellent physical and chemical characteristics such as electrically active structure, electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity, supermagnetic, photocatalytic, thermoelectric, and dielectric properties, etc. Hence, perovksite based nano-structured materials are supposed to be promising, fascinating electrode materials for designing supercapacitors with high energy storage performance. In this review article, the recent progress and advances in designing perovskite based nanostructured electrode materials is discussed, which can provide as a guideline for the next generation of supercapacitor electrode design.

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Fawzi, Tarek, Sanju Rani, Somnath C. Roy, and Hyeonseok Lee. "Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Conversion by Structurally and Materially Modified Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 8143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158143.

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TiO2 has aroused considerable attentions as a promising photocatalytic material for decades due to its superior material properties in several fields such as energy and environment. However, the main dilemmas are its wide bandgap (3–3.2 eV), that restricts the light absorption in limited light wavelength region, and the comparatively high charge carrier recombination rate of TiO2, is a hurdle for efficient photocatalytic CO2 conversion. To tackle these problems, lots of researches have been implemented relating to structural and material modification to improve their material, optical, and electrical properties for more efficient photocatalytic CO2 conversion. Recent studies illustrate that crystal facet engineering could broaden the performance of the photocatalysts. As same as for nanostructures which have advantages such as improved light absorption, high surface area, directional charge transport, and efficient charge separation. Moreover, strategies such as doping, junction formation, and hydrogenation have resulted in a promoted photocatalytic performance. Such strategies can markedly change the electronic structure that lies behind the enhancement of the solar spectrum harnessing. In this review, we summarize the works that have been carried out for the enhancement of photocatalytic CO2 conversion by material and structural modification of TiO2 and TiO2-based photocatalytic system. Moreover, we discuss several strategies for synthesis and design of TiO2 photocatalysts for efficient CO2 conversion by nanostructure, structure design of photocatalysts, and material modification.

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Jagvaral, Yesukhei, Qing Guo, Haiying He, and Ravindra Pandey. "Silicene-supported TiO2 nanostructures: a theoretical study of electronic and optical properties." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 18 (2019): 9335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00894b.

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Tigabu Bekele, Mekonnen. "An overview of the developments of nanotechnology and heterogeneous photocatalysis in the presence of metal nanoparticles." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001083.

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In general, nanotechnology can be understood as a technology of design, fabrication and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials, as well as a fundamental understanding of the physical properties and phenomena of nanomaterials and nanostructures. In recent years the development of industries like textile, leather, paint, food, plastics, and cosmetics is enlarged and these industries are connected with the discarding of a vast number of organic pollutants which are harmful to microbes, aquatic systems, and human health by influencing the different parameters. So the fabrication of those nanomaterials (coupled or doped) to form heterojunctions provides an effective way to better harvest solar energy and facilitate charge separation and transfer, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity and stability. We expect this review to provide a guideline for readers to gain a clear picture of the fabrication and application of different types of heterostructured photocatalysts. In this review, starting from the photocatalytic reaction mechanism and the preparation of the photocatalyst, we review the classification of current photocatalysts, preparation methods, a factor that affects photocatalytic reaction, characterization of photocatalysts, and the methods for improving photocatalytic performance. This review also aims to provide basic and comprehensive information on the industrialization of photocatalysis technology.

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Marin, Riccardo, Fadi Oussta, Sarmad Naim Katea, Sagar Prabhudev, Gianluigi A. Botton, Gunnar Westin, and Eva Hemmer. "Europium-doped ZnO nanosponges – controlling optical properties and photocatalytic activity." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 13 (2019): 3909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc00215d.

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Li, Li, Yongxing Zhang, Jia Li, Dong Ma, Dechuan Li, Guangping Zhu, Huijie Tang, and Xuanhua Li. "A simple chemical solution synthesis of nanowire-assembled hierarchical CuO microspheres with enhanced photochemical properties." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 42 (2018): 15009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt02931h.

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Kuriakose, Sini, Neha Bhardwaj, Jaspal Singh, Biswarup Satpati, and Satyabrata Mohapatra. "Structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of flower-like ZnO nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 4 (November 18, 2013): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.4.87.

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Flower-like ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by a facile wet chemical method. Structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of these nanostructures have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. SEM and TEM studies revealed flower-like structures consisting of nanosheets, formed due to oriented attachment of ZnO nanoparticles. Flower-like ZnO structures showed enhanced photocatalytic activity towards sun-light driven photodegradation of methylene blue dye (MB) as compared to ZnO nanoparticles. XRD, UV–vis absorption, PL, FTIR and TEM studies revealed the formation of Zn(OH)2 surface layer on ZnO nanostructures upon ageing. We demonstrate that the formation of a passivating Zn(OH)2 surface layer on the ZnO nanostructures upon ageing deteriorates their efficiency to photocatalytically degrade of MB.

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Tuyen, Le Thi Thanh, Dinh Quang Khieu, Hoang Thai Long, Duong Tuan Quang, Chau The Lieu Trang, Tran Thai Hoa, and Nguyen Duc Cuong. "Monodisperse Uniform CeO2Nanoparticles: Controlled Synthesis and Photocatalytic Property." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8682747.

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Ceria nanostructure-based catalysts have attracted much attention in recent years because of their unique physiochemical properties. Herein, we have presented a simple two-phase approach for the synthesis of ceria nanocrystals. Structural and morphological characterization by XRD and TEM showed that the as-synthesized monodisperse CeO2nanoparticles (NPs) had cubic fluorite crystal structure with average particle size about 6.75 nm. The effects of hydrothermal temperature, annealing time, and concentration of cerium nitrate on the nanostructures of the products were also investigated and discussed. In addition, the CeO2nanocrystals proved to be an effective catalyst for the photodegradation of blue methylene under UV illumination.

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Paredes, Patricio, Erwan Rauwel, and Protima Rauwel. "Surveying the Synthesis, Optical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of Cu3N Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132218.

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This review addresses the most recent advances in the synthesis approaches, fundamental properties and photocatalytic activity of Cu3N nanostructures. Herein, the effect of synthesis conditions, such as solvent, temperature, time and precursor on the precipitation of Cu3N and the formation of secondary phases of Cu and Cu2O are surveyed, with emphasis on shape and size control. Furthermore, Cu3N nanostructures possess excellent optical properties, including a narrow bandgap in the range of 0.2 eV–2 eV for visible light absorption. In that regard, understanding the effect of the electronic structure on the bandgap and on the optical properties of Cu3N is therefore of interest. In fact, the density of states in the d-band of Cu has an influence on the band gap of Cu3N. Moreover, the potential of Cu3N nanomaterials for photocatalytic dye-degradation originates from the presence of active sites, i.e., Cu and N vacancies on the surface of the nanoparticles. Plasmonic nanoparticles tend to enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic dye degradation of Cu3N. Nevertheless, combining them with other potent photocatalysts, such as TiO2 and MoS2, augments the efficiency to 99%. Finally, the review concludes with perspectives and future research opportunities for Cu3N-based nanostructures.

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Shahzad, Aasim, Taekyung Yu, and Woo-Sik Kim. "Controlling the morphology and composition of Ag/AgBr hybrid nanostructures and enhancing their visible light induced photocatalytic properties." RSC Advances 6, no. 60 (2016): 54709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra08682a.

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Ag/AgBr hybrid nanostructures were prepared by reducing AgBr nanoparticles synthesized by reaction of Ag⁺ with Br⁻. The Ag/AgBr hybrid nanostructures exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity and recyclability for decomposing methylene blue (MB).

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Amin, Muhammad T., and Abdulrahman A. Alazba. "Structural study of monoclinic TiO2 nanostructures and photocatalytic applications for degradation of crystal violet dye." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 29 (October 17, 2017): 1750264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917502645.

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In this study, titanium dioxide was synthesized by using a hydrothermal technique at different growth temperatures. The study involved investigating the effects of growth temperature on crystal structure, surface area, morphology, and photocatalytic properties. The results indicated the growth of pure monoclinic titania. Additionally, an increase in growth temperature led to the formation of nanostructures to form nanowires and nanorods from nanospheres. The findings revealed variations in crystal quality at different growth temperatures. All samples displayed monoclinic crystal structure with the same molarity at different temperatures including 140[Formula: see text]C, 160[Formula: see text]C, and 180[Formula: see text]C. Various parameters were optimized to grow nanowires and nanorods with a monoclinic crystal structure. The planes of the grown nanostructures were same across all the samples. The grown nanostructures were applied in the degradation of a crystal violet (CV) dye that is also used in optical applications. The study involved demonstrating the excellent photodegradation properties of CV by using a synthesized nanophotocatalyst and providing a detailed discussion on the effects of morphology and crystal structure with respect to photocatalytic properties. The findings also revealed the improved photocatalytic results with respect to nanostructures due to the presence of a broad light harvesting region and the lifetime of the photogenerated electron–hole pair.

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Q. Alijani, Hajar, Siavash Iravani, and Rajender S. Varma. "Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO4) Nanostructures: Eco-Friendly Synthesis and Their Photocatalytic Applications." Catalysts 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010059.

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Green nanotechnology plays an important role in designing environmentally-benign and sustainable synthesis techniques to provide safer products for human health and environments. In this context, the synthesis of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanoparticles (NPs) based on green chemistry principles with the advantages of eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity has been explored by researchers. Despite the advantages of these synthesis techniques, crucial aspects regarding their repeatability and large-scale production still need to be comprehensively explored. BiVO4 NPs have shown excellent potential in the pharmaceutical industry, cancer therapy, and photocatalysis. BiVO4 particles with monoclinic scheelite structures have been widely investigated for their environmental applications owing to their fascinating optical and electrical properties as well as their high stability and unique crystal structure properties. These NPs with good photostability and resistance to photocorrosion can be considered as promising nanophotocatalysts for degradation of pollutants including organic dyes and pharmaceutical wastes. However, additional explorations should be moved toward the optimization of reaction/synthesis conditions and associated photocatalytic mechanisms. Herein, recent developments regarding the environmentally-benign fabrication of BiVO4 NPs and their photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are deliberated, with a focus on challenges and future directions.

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Sun, Shaodong, Peng Song, Jie Cui, and Shuhua Liang. "Amorphous TiO2 nanostructures: synthesis, fundamental properties and photocatalytic applications." Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 16 (2019): 4198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy01020c.

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In this review, we mainly highlight the advances made in the development of amorphous TiO₂ nanostructures for photocatalysts. Some perspectives on the challenges and new direction are also discussed.

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Sakar, M., S. Balakumar, P. Saravanan, and S. Bharathkumar. "Particulates vs. fibers: dimension featured magnetic and visible light driven photocatalytic properties of Sc modified multiferroic bismuth ferrite nanostructures." Nanoscale 8, no. 2 (2016): 1147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr06655g.

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Koli, Valmiki B., Gavaskar Murugan, and Shyue-Chu Ke. "Self-Assembled Synthesis of Porous Iron-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanostructures for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Nitrogen Fixation." Nanomaterials 13, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13020275.

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In this study, Fe-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Fe-MCNC) with varying Fe contents was synthesized via a supramolecular approach, followed by thermal exfoliation, and was then used for accelerated photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and nitrogen fixation. Various techniques were used to study the physicochemical properties of the MCN (g-C3N4 from melamine) and Fe-MCNC (MCN for g-C3N4 and C for cyanuric acid) catalysts. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images clearly demonstrate that the morphology of Fe-MCNC changes from planar sheets to porous, partially twisted (partially developed nanotube and nanorod) nanostructures. The elemental mapping study confirms the uniform distribution of Fe on the MCNC surface. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) results suggest that the Fe species might exist in the Fe3+ state and form Fe-N bonds with N atoms, thereby extending the visible light absorption areas and decreasing the band gap of MCN. Furthermore, doping with precise amounts of Fe might induce exfoliation and increase the specific surface area, but excessive Fe could destroy the MCN structure. The optimized Fe-MCNC nanostructure had a specific surface area of 23.6 m2 g−1, which was 8.1 times greater than that of MCN (2.89 m2 g−1). To study its photocatalytic properties, the nanostructure was tested for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and nitrogen fixation; 2Fe-MCNC shows the highest photocatalytic activity, which is approximately 13.3 times and 2.4 times better, respectively, than MCN-1H. Due to its high efficiency and stability, the Fe-MCNC nanostructure is a promising and ideal photocatalyst for a wide range of applications.

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Zyoud, Samer H., Samer O. Alalalmeh, Omar E. Hegazi, Ibrahim S. Yahia, Heba Y. Zahran, Hamed Abu Sara, Samir Haj Bloukh, et al. "Novel Laser-Assisted Chemical Bath Synthesis of Pure and Silver-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Improved Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Properties." Catalysts 13, no. 5 (May 17, 2023): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13050900.

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Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global health, amplified by factors such as water scarcity and suboptimal hygienic practices. Addressing AMR effectively necessitates a comprehensive strategy encompassing enhanced access to potable water, developing innovative antibiotics, and exploring alternative treatment modalities, such as harnessing solar photocatalysis with zinc oxide nanoparticles for water purification and antimicrobial applications. The Laser-Assisted Chemical Bath Synthesis (LACBS) technique facilitates the fabrication of pure ZnO nanostructures, providing a potentially efficacious solution for mitigating pathogen proliferation and managing wastewater. The photocatalytic degradation of MB and MO dyes was investigated using blue laser light at 445 nm, and degradation rates were determined accordingly. Ag-doped ZnO nanostructures were characterized through X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial efficacy of LACBS-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was assessed against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae using the disc diffusion method, revealing 40 mm, 37 mm, 21 mm, 27 mm, and 45 mm inhibition zones at the highest concentration of doped-Ag (4.5%), respectively. These inhibition zones were measured in accordance with the guidelines established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. X-ray diffraction patterns for ZnO, ZnOAg(1.5%), ZnO:Ag(3%), and ZnO:Ag(4.5%) samples revealed variations in intensity and crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy exposed morphological disparities among the nanostructures, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verified their elemental compositions. UV-Vis absorption analyses inspected the optical band gaps, and Fourier-transform infrared spectra identified the stretching mode of metal-oxygen bonds. Under blue laser irradiation, Ag-doped ZnO exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity during the photocatalytic degradation. These nanoparticles, synthesized via the cost-effective and straightforward LACBS method, benefit from silver doping that augments their electron-trapping properties and photocatalytic activity, thereby enabling efficient dye degradation. Consequently, Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles hold promise as a potent solution for counteracting drug-resistant microorganisms and as an effective disinfectant.

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Li, Jian, Pablo Jiménez-Calvo, Erwan Paineau, and Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal. "Metal Chalcogenides Based Heterojunctions and Novel Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution." Catalysts 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010089.

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The photo-conversion efficiency is a key issue in the development of new photocatalysts for solar light driven water splitting applications. In recent years, different engineering strategies have been proposed to improve the photogeneration and the lifetime of charge carriers in nanostructured photocatalysts. In particular, the rational design of heterojunctions composites to obtain peculiar physico-chemical properties has achieved more efficient charge carriers formation and separation in comparison to their individual component materials. In this review, the recent progress of sulfide-based heterojunctions and novel nanostructures such as core-shell structure, periodical structure, and hollow cylinders is summarized. Some new perspectives of opportunities and challenges in fabricating high-performance photocatalysts are also discussed.

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Vrithias, Nikolaos Rafael, Klytaimnistra Katsara, Lampros Papoutsakis, Vassilis M. Papadakis, Zacharias Viskadourakis, Ioannis N. Remediakis, and George Kenanakis. "Three-Dimensional-Printed Photocatalytic Sponges Decorated with Mn-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles." Materials 16, no. 16 (August 18, 2023): 5672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16165672.

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The present work reports on the fabrication of high-density polyethylene sponges, decorated with Mn-doped ZnO nanostructures. The sponges were developed utilizing three-dimensional printing technology, while Mn-doped ZnO nanostructures, with varying doping levels, were grown at mild temperatures. The nanostructures were fully characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, revealing the existence of Mn doping. Moreover, their photocatalytic properties were investigated using the degradation/decolorization of a commercially available liquid laundry detergent, based on synthetic, less foaming ingredients, under UV irradiation. The Mn-doped ZnO nanostructures show better photocatalytic activity at higher doping levels. This study demonstrates that it is possible to achieve the adequate degradation of a typical detergent solution in water by means of low-cost and environmentally friendly approaches, while Mn-doped ZnO/HDPE nanostructures are good candidates for real environmental applications.

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Selvaraj, Rengaraj, Kezhen Qi, Uiseok Jeong, Kholood Al Nofli, Salma Al-Kindy, Mika Sillanpää, and Younghun Kim. "A Simple Surfactant-Free Solution Phase Synthesis of Flower-like In2S3 Hierarchitectures and their Photocatalytic Activities." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 19, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol19iss2pp29-36.

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Flower-like In2S3 hierarchical nanostructures were successfully prepared via a facile solution-phase route, using thiacetamide as both sulfur source and capping agent. Our experimental results demonstrated that the morphology of these In2S3 nanostructures can be easily modified by changing the ratio of In(NO3)3/thiacetamide. With the ratio increasing from 1:1.5 to 1:6, the In2S3 crystals exhibited flower-like morphology of varying size. XRD and HRTEM of the flowers revealed the cubic structure of In2S3; morphological studies examined by SEM and TEM showed that the synthesized In2S3 nanostructure was a flower-like hierarchitecture assembled from nanoscale flakes. XPS and EDX analysis confirmed the stoichiometry of In2S3 nanoflowers. The optical properties were investigated by UV-vis DRS, which indicated that the In2S3 nanoflower samples possess a band gap from 1.90 to 1.97 eV. Furthermore, photocatalytic activity studies revealed that the prepared In2S3 nanoflowers exhibit an excellent photocatalytic performance, degrading rapidly the aqueous methylene blue dye solution under visible light irradiation. These results suggest that In2S3 nanoflowers will be a promising candidate for a photocatalyst working under the visible light range.

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Supunnee, Khun Ngern, Vatcharinkorn Mekla, and Eakkarach Raksasri. "Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of Fe-Dope TiO₂ Nanostructure Using the Hydrothermal Treatment Method." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2261.

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In this work optical properties of CuO nanostructure were studied. CuO nanostructure were synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment method. The structural and chemical natures of the obtained materials were studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and study optical properties by UV-visible spectral. The XRD patterns of the CuO nanostructures indicated that CuO phases (JCPDS 05- 0661). The top-view SEM images, it can be seen clearly that high-density, horizontally scattered nanorod were grown on the product prepared at concentration of NaOH (aq) 7.5 M at 180 C for 12 h. The spectral of UV-vis data recorded showed the strong cut off at 341 nm.

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Omr, Hossam A. E., Mark W. Horn, and Hyeonseok Lee. "Low-Dimensional Nanostructured Photocatalysts for Efficient CO2 Conversion into Solar Fuels." Catalysts 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040418.

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The ongoing energy crisis and global warming caused by the massive usage of fossil fuels and emission of CO2 into atmosphere continue to motivate researchers to investigate possible solutions. The conversion of CO2 into value-added solar fuels by photocatalysts has been suggested as an intriguing solution to simultaneously mitigate global warming and provide a source of energy in an environmentally friendly manner. There has been considerable effort for nearly four decades investigating the performance of CO2 conversion by photocatalysts, much of which has focused on structure or materials modification. In particular, the application of low-dimensional structures for photocatalysts is a promising pathway. Depending on the materials and fabrication methods, low-dimensional nanomaterials can be formed in zero dimensional structures such as quantum dots, one-dimensional structures such as nanowires, nanotubes, nanobelts, and nanorods, and two-dimensional structures such as nanosheets and thin films. These nanostructures increase the effective surface area and possess unique electrical and optical properties, including the quantum confinement effect in semiconductors or the localized surface plasmon resonance effect in noble metals at the nanoscale. These unique properties can play a vital role in enhancing the performance of photocatalytic CO2 conversion into solar fuels by engineering the nanostructures. In this review, we provide an overview of photocatalytic CO2 conversion and especially focus on nanostructured photocatalysts. The fundamental mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 conversion is discussed and recent progresses of low-dimensional photocatalysts for efficient conversion of CO2 into solar fuels are presented.

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Cai, Jiabai, and Shunxing Li. "Photocatalytic Treatment of Environmental Pollutants using Multilevel- Structure TiO2-based Organic and Inorganic Nanocomposites." Current Organocatalysis 7, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213337207999200701214637.

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Nanostructured materials often exhibit unique physical properties, such as fast carrier transport, subwavelength optical waveguiding, and a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. When the size of a material is reduced to nanoscale dimensions, its physical and chemical properties can change dramatically. In addition, nanostructures offer exciting new opportunities for environmental applications. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date summary of recent research related to multifunctional TiO2-based inorganic and organic semiconductor nanomaterials, covering both their synthesis and applications. After a brief introduction of the definition and classification of TiO2-based inorganic and organic semiconductor nanomaterial structures, we discuss various application strategies, such as sewage treatment, heavy metal removal, and the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes. In our previous work, we fabricated a variety of TiO2-based hollow spheres using a diverse range of materials from inorganic semiconductors to organic semiconductors and applied these structures as photocatalysts. Further, the development of these nanostructures may enable numerous applications in the field of environmental technology.

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Shiravizadeh, A. Ghorban, Ramin Yousefi, S. M. Elahi, and S. A. Sebt. "Effects of annealing atmosphere and rGO concentration on the optical properties and enhanced photocatalytic performance of SnSe/rGO nanocomposites." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 27 (2017): 18089–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp02995k.

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Shu, Zhanxia, Xiuling Jiao, and Dairong Chen. "Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of flower-like zirconia nanostructures." CrystEngComm 14, no. 3 (2012): 1122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ce06155k.

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Bi, Yingpu, Hongyan Hu, Zhengbo Jiao, Hongchao Yu, Gongxuan Lu, and Jinhua Ye. "Two-dimensional dendritic Ag3PO4 nanostructures and their photocatalytic properties." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 14, no. 42 (2012): 14486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cp42822a.

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Hu, Yongming, Jinmei Lei, Jing He, Yuebin Li, Zhao Wang, Yu Wang, and Haoshuang Gu. "Ferromagnetic and Photocatalytic Properties of Layered Perovskite LaBaCo2O6 Nanostructures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.10808.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Photocatalytic Properties - Nanostructures'

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