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Journal articles on the topic 'Photocatalysys'
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1
Chuaicham, Chitiphon, Jirawat Trakulmututa, Kaiqian Shu, Sulakshana Shenoy, Assadawoot Srikhaow, Li Zhang, Sathya Mohan, Karthikeyan Sekar, and Keiko Sasaki. "Recent Clay-Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment." Separations 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2023): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10020077.
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Photocatalysis is a remarkable methodology that is popular and applied in different interdisciplinary research areas such as the degradation of hazardous organic contaminants in wastewater. In recent years, clay-based photocatalyst composites have attracted significant attention in the field of photocatalysis owing to their abundance, excellent light response ability, and stability. This review describes the combination of clay with focusing photocatalysts such as TiO2, g-C3N4, and Bi-based compounds for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater. Clay-based composites have more active surface sites, resulting in inhibited photocatalyst particle agglomeration. Moreover, clay enhances the creation of active radicals for organic pollutant degradation by separating photogenerated electrons and holes. Thus, the functions of clay in clay-based photocatalysts are not only to act as a template to inhibit the agglomeration of the main photocatalysts but also to suppress charge recombination, which may lengthen the electron–hole pair’s lifespan and boost degrading activity. Moreover, several types of clay-based photocatalysts, such as the clay type and main photocatalyst, were compared to understand the function of clay and the interaction of clay with the main photocatalyst. Thus, this study summarizes the recent clay-based photocatalysts for wastewater remediation and concludes that clay-based photocatalysts have considerable potential for low-cost, solar-powered environmental treatment.
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Rocha, Rafael Lisandro P., Luzia Maria C. Honorio, Roosevelt Delano de S. Bezerra, Pollyana Trigueiro, Thiago Marinho Duarte, Maria Gardennia Fonseca, Edson C. Silva-Filho, and Josy A. Osajima. "Light-Activated Hydroxyapatite Photocatalysts: New Environmentally-Friendly Materials to Mitigate Pollutants." Minerals 12, no. 5 (April 23, 2022): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050525.
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This review focuses on a reasoned search for articles to treat contaminated water using hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based compounds. In addition, the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis were considered, combined with parameters that affect the pollutants’ degradation using hydroxyapatite-based photocatalyst design and strategies of this photocatalyst, and the challenges of and perspectives on the development of these materials. Many critical applications have been analyzed to degrade dyes, drugs, and pesticides using HAp-based photocatalysts. This systematic review highlights the recent state-of-the-art advances that enable new paths and good-quality preparations of HAp-derived photocatalysts for photocatalysis.
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You, Wei. "Research Progresses and Development Trends of High-Efficacy Photocatalysts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.532.
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Progresses of research on high-efficacy photocatalyst were introduced in this paper. Firstly, efficiency-strengthening methods of TiO2-serie photocatalysts were summarized basing on collected literatures, including photosensitization, alloying, moreover, novel photocatalysis materials and technologies and probable development tendencies in the future were introduced, such as broad-spectrum photocatalysts, broad-energy and energy-sensitive catalysts and high-efficacy controllable high-power photocatalysis materials and equipments.
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Prakash, Jai. "Mechanistic Insights into Graphene Oxide Driven Photocatalysis as Co-Catalyst and Sole Catalyst in Degradation of Organic Dye Pollutants." Photochem 2, no. 3 (August 17, 2022): 651–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photochem2030043.
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Photocatalysis is a promising route to utilize sunlight, which has been potentially used to solve energy as well as environmental problems with an emphasis on fundamental understanding and technological applications in society. Semiconductors are excellent photocatalysts but often show less efficient activities due to the fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and very slow kinetics of surface photochemical reactions. However, recent advancements show promising strategies to improve their photocatalytic activities, including surface modifications using suitable co-catalysts and the development of novel efficient photocatalysts. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of such nanomaterials which shows multifarious roles in photocatalysis with a great potential to act as an independent solar-driven sole photocatalyst. In this minireview, the photochemistry of GO has been discussed in view of its multifarious roles/mechanisms in improving the photocatalytic activity of metal oxide semiconductors, plasmonic nanomaterials, and also their nanocomposites. In addition, recent advancements and applications of such GO-based photocatalysts in photocatalytic degradation of organic dye pollutants, including engineering of GO as the sole photocatalyst, have been discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects for the development of GO-based photocatalysts are discussed.
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Li, Xue, Ulla Simon, Maged F. Bekheet, and Aleksander Gurlo. "Mineral-Supported Photocatalysts: A Review of Materials, Mechanisms and Environmental Applications." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 5607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155607.
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Although they are of significant importance for environmental applications, the industrialization of photocatalytic techniques still faces many difficulties, and the most urgent concern is cost control. Natural minerals possess abundant chemical inertia and cost-efficiency, which is suitable for hybridizing with various effective photocatalysts. The use of natural minerals in photocatalytic systems can not only significantly decrease the pure photocatalyst dosage but can also produce a favorable synergistic effect between photocatalyst and mineral substrate. This review article discusses the current progress regarding the use of various mineral classes in photocatalytic applications. Owing to their unique structures, large surface area, and negatively charged surface, silicate minerals could enhance the adsorption capacity, reduce particle aggregation, and promote photogenerated electron-hole pair separation for hybrid photocatalysts. Moreover, controlling the morphology and structure properties of these materials could have a great influence on their light-harvesting ability and photocatalytic activity. Composed of silica and alumina or magnesia, some silicate minerals possess unique orderly organized porous or layered structures, which are proper templates to modify the photocatalyst framework. The non-silicate minerals (referred to carbonate and carbon-based minerals, sulfate, and sulfide minerals and other special minerals) can function not only as catalyst supports but also as photocatalysts after special modification due to their unique chemical formula and impurities. The dye-sensitized minerals, as another natural mineral application in photocatalysis, are proved to be superior photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and wastewater treatment. This work aims to provide a complete research overview of the mineral-supported photocatalysts and summarizes the common synergistic effects between different mineral substrates and photocatalysts as well as to inspire more possibilities for natural mineral application in photocatalysis.
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Teye, Godfred Kwesi, Jingyu Huang, Yi Li, Ke Li, Lei Chen, and Williams Kweku Darkwah. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole, Nitenpyram and Tetracycline by Composites of Core Shell g-C3N4@ZnO, and ZnO Defects in Aqueous Phase." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2021): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102609.
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The synthesis of photocatalysts with high charge separation and transfer efficiency are of immense significance in the process of using photocatalysis technology for wastewater treatment. In this study core shell g-C3N4@ZnO, and ZnO defects photocatalysts presented an improved morphology in its characterization using techniques such as SEM, DRS, PL, MS, EIS, and XRD, and enhanced photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole, Nitenpyram and Tetracycline. Different composites were obtained as confirmed by the various characterization techniques studied, including core shell g-C3N4@ZnO, and ZnO defects photocatalyst. The synthesized photocatalysts showed high visible light absorption efficiency within a range of ~655 to 420 nm. Core shell g-C3N4@ZnO, and ZnO defects photocatalysts demonstrated high photocatalytic activity ascribed to high load separation and transition as shown in PL, Photocurrent reaction and EIS. It is understandable that core shell g-C3N4@ZnO, and ZnO defects photocatalysts have been confirmed to be one of the ultimate promising entrants for photocatalyst scheming.
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Li, Bin, Xin Yi Wang, and Xiao Gang Yang. "Effect of Mixing Ratio and Doping Acid on the Photocatalytic Properties of PANI-BiVO4 Composites." Key Engineering Materials 727 (January 2017): 866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.866.
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BiVO4 photocatalyst prepared by hydrothermal method was mixed with polyaniline (PANI). The phase structure, morphology and optical properties of PANI-BiVO4 photocatalysts were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions of composite photocatalyst were 0.5wt.% PANI mixing ratio and H3PO4 as doping acid. The photocatalysis degradation rate is the highest. This new heterogeneous structure photocatalyst is expected to show considerably potential applications in solar-driven environmental pollution cleanup.
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Gao, Lan, Elyes Nefzaoui, Frédéric Marty, Mazen Erfan, Stéphane Bastide, Yamin Leprince-Wang, and Tarik Bourouina. "TiO2-Coated ZnO Nanowire Arrays: A Photocatalyst with Enhanced Chemical Corrosion Resistance." Catalysts 11, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11111289.
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Photocatalysis is proven to be the most efficient and environmentally friendly method for the degradation of organic pollutants in water purification. To meet the requirement of large-scale water treatment, there are two important points: One is the lifetime and chemical stability of the photocatalyst material, especially in the complex and harsh aqueous conditions. The other is the ease of synthesis of such photocatalysts with specific nano-morphology. In this work, two common photocatalyst materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), are selected to form more sustainable photocatalysts with high chemical stability. This involves the combination of both TiO2 and ZnO in a two-step simple synthesis method. It appears advantageous to exploit the conformal deposition of atomic layer deposition (ALD) to achieve nanometer-thick TiO2 coating on ZnO nanowires (NWs) with a high aspect ratio, which are firmly anchored to a substrate and exhibit a large specific surface area. The high chemical stability of the ALD TiO2 coating has been investigated in detail and proven to be effective under both strong acid and strong alkaline aqueous solutions. In addition, photocatalysis experiments with organic dyes show that via this simple two-step synthesis method, the produced ZnO/TiO2 tandem photocatalysts does indeed exhibit improved chemical stability in a harsh environment, while allowing efficient photodegradation.
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Alalm, Mohamed Gar, Ridha Djellabi, Daniela Meroni, Carlo Pirola, Claudia Letizia Bianchi, and Daria Camilla Boffito. "Toward Scaling-Up Photocatalytic Process for Multiphase Environmental Applications." Catalysts 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050562.
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Recently, we have witnessed a booming development of composites and multi-dopant metal oxides to be employed as novel photocatalysts. Yet the practical application of photocatalysis for environmental purposes is still elusive. Concerns about the unknown fate and toxicity of nanoparticles, unsatisfactory performance in real conditions, mass transfer limitations and durability issues have so far discouraged investments in full-scale applications of photocatalysis. Herein, we provide a critical overview of the main challenges that are limiting large-scale application of photocatalysis in air and water/wastewater purification. We then discuss the main approaches reported in the literature to tackle these shortcomings, such as the design of photocatalytic reactors that retain the photocatalyst, the study of degradation of micropollutants in different water matrices, and the development of gas-phase reactors with optimized contact time and irradiation. Furthermore, we provide a critical analysis of research–practice gaps such as treatment of real water and air samples, degradation of pollutants with actual environmental concentrations, photocatalyst deactivation, and cost and environmental life-cycle assessment.
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Gu, Zhanyong, Mengdie Jin, Xin Wang, Ruotong Zhi, Zhenghao Hou, Jing Yang, Hongfang Hao, et al. "Recent Advances in g-C3N4-Based Photocatalysts for NOx Removal." Catalysts 13, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010192.
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Nitrogen oxides (NOx) pollutants can cause a series of environmental issues, such as acid rain, ground-level ozone pollution, photochemical smog and global warming. Photocatalysis is supposed to be a promising technology to solve NOx pollution. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a metal-free photocatalyst has attracted much attention since 2009. However, the pristine g-C3N4 suffers from poor response to visible light, rapid charge carrier recombination, small specific surface areas and few active sites, which results in deficient solar light efficiency and unsatisfactory photocatalytic performance. In this review, we summarize and highlight the recent advances in g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic NOx removal. Firstly, we attempt to elucidate the mechanism of the photocatalytic NOx removal process and introduce the metal-free g-C3N4 photocatalyst. Then, different kinds of modification strategies to enhance the photocatalytic NOx removal performance of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts are summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, we propose the significant challenges and future research topics on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic NOx removal, which should be further investigated and resolved in this interesting research field.
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Radetić, Lucija, Jan Marčec, Ivan Brnardić, Tihana Čižmar, and Ivana Grčić. "Study of Photocatalytic Oxidation of Micropollutants in Water and Intensification Case Study." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111463.
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During the last decades, heterogenous photocatalysis has shown as the most promising advanced oxidation process for the removal of micropollutants due to degradation rate, sustainability, non-toxicity, and low-cost. Synergistic interaction of light irradiation, photocatalysts, and highly reactive species are used to break down pollutants toward inert products. Even though titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most researched photocatalyst, to overcome shortcomings, various modifications have been made to intensify photocatalytic activity in visible spectra range among which is modification with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Therefore, photocatalytic oxidation and its intensification by photocatalyst’s modification was studied on the example of four micropollutants (diclofenac, DF; imidacloprid, IMI; 1-H benzotriazole, BT; methylene blue, MB) degradation. Compound parabolic collector (CPC) reactor was used as, nowadays, it has been considered the state-of-the-art system due to its usage of both direct and diffuse solar radiation and quantum efficiency. A commercially available TiO2 P25 and nanocomposite of TiO2 and MWCNT were immobilized on a glass fiber mesh by sol-gel method. Full-spectra solar lamps with appropriate UVB and UVA irradiation levels were used in all experiments. Photocatalytic degradation of DF, IMI, BT, and MB by immobilized TiO2 and TiO2/CNT photocatalysts was achieved. Mathematical modelling which included mass transfer and photon absorption was applied and intrinsic reaction rate constants were estimated: kDF=3.56 × 10−10s−1W−0.5m1.5, kIMI=8.90 × 10−11s−1W−0.5m1.5, kBT=1.20 × 10−9s−1W−0.5m1.5, kMB=1.62 × 10−10s−1W−0.5m1.5. Intensification of photocatalysis by TiO2/CNT was observed for DF, IMI, and MB, while that was not the case for BT. The developed model can be effectively applied for different irradiation conditions which makes it extremely versatile and adaptable when predicting the degradation extents throughout the year using sunlight as the energy source at any location.
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Fadlun, Wan. "Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Solar Fuels via Iron-Based Nanocomposite: Strategies to Intensify the Photoactivity." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8789.
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Photocatalysis has been studied over three decades ago as a promising alternative for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction with the ultimate objective of promoting sustainable keys to address global warming and energy crisis. In particular, photocatalysis offers the reduction of CO2 to renewable hydrocarbon fuels by utilizing limitless sunlight to trigger the reaction. The urgency reducing CO2 to solar fuels have aroused attention towards Fe-based material owing to their abundance, flexible compositional tunability, recyclability, and low cost compared to noble-metal photocatalysts. This review discussed comprehensively the recent evolution on Fe-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction including metallic iron, iron oxide, and ternary iron oxides based photocatalysts. In the mainstream, detailed discussion on the main strategies adopted in the morphology and structure to enhance the photocatalytic performance have been discussed in detail for each type of Fe-based catalysts. The enhancements of Fe-based photocatalyst is analyzed with a view to emphasizing the reaction mechanism and probable pathways for the production of solar fuels. In addition, thermodynamics are discussed critically for selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The existing constrains and guidance for future studies were defined, pledging to develop superior Fe-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction with better-improved power reduction efficiency and generation rates.
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Hu, Xuefeng, Ting Luo, Yuhan Lin, and Mina Yang. "Construction of Novel Z-Scheme g-C3N4/AgBr-Ag Composite for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants under Visible Light." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111309.
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As a green and sustainable technology to relieve environmental pollution issues, semiconductor photocatalysis attracted great attention. However, most single-component semiconductors suffer from high carrier recombination rate and low reaction efficiency. Here, we constructed a novel visible-light-driven Z-scheme g-C3N4/AgBr-Ag photocatalyst (noted as CN-AA-0.05) using a hydrothermal method with KBr as the bromine source. The CN-AA-0.05 photocatalyst shows an excellent photocatalytic degradation performance, and a rhodamine B (RhB) degradation ratio of 96.3% in 40 min, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) degradation ratio of 99.2% in 18 min are achieved. Mechanistic studies show that the remarkable performance of CN-AA-0.05 is not only attributed to the enhanced light absorption caused by the Ag SPR effect, but also the efficient charge transfer and separation with Ag nanoparticles as the bridge. Our work provides a reference for the design and construction of efficient visible-light-responsive Z-scheme photocatalysts, and an in-depth understanding into the mechanism of Z-scheme photocatalysts.
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Singh, Seema, Aniket Chaki, Devesh Pratap Chand, Avinash Raghuwanshi, Pramod Kumar Singh, and Hari Mahalingham. "A novel polystyrene-supported titanium dioxide photocatalyst for degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes under UV irradiation." Journal of Chemical Engineering 28, no. 1 (February 26, 2014): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v28i1.18103.
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The commercialization of titanium dioxide-based heterogeneous photocatalysis continues to suffer from various limitations, the major shortcoming being the costly and time consuming post-treatment separation of very fine titanium dioxide particles. In order to eliminate this major hindrance, immobilization of titanium dioxide particles on various substrates continues to be an active area of research. In this work, polystyrene-supported titanium dioxide photocatalyst was prepared using a facile method. The photocatalytic activity of the developed photocatalysts was investigated by photodegradation of aqueous solutions of methylene blue andmethyl orange dyes under UV light for 24 h under non-stirred conditions. The recovery and reuse of the prepared photocatalysts was also investigated. The maximum percentage degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes by the developed photocatalysts was found to be around 60 % and 66 % respectively. The ease of separation after use in addition to a facile, low cost-based method of fabrication and appreciable photocatalytic activity of the developed photocatalyst makes it a promising candidate to be explored further for large scale applications.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v28i1.18103 Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 1, December 2013: 9-13
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Shanmugaratnam, Sivagowri, Elilan Yogenthiran, Ranjit Koodali, Punniamoorthy Ravirajan, Dhayalan Velauthapillai, and Yohi Shivatharsiny. "Recent Progress and Approaches on Transition Metal Chalcogenides for Hydrogen Production." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 8265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248265.
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Development of efficient and affordable photocatalysts is of great significance for energy production and environmental sustainability. Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) with particle sizes in the 1–100 nm have been used for various applications such as photocatalysis, photovoltaic, and energy storage due to their quantum confinement effect, optoelectronic behavior, and their stability. In particular, TMCs and their heterostructures have great potential as an emerging inexpensive and sustainable alternative to metal-based catalysts for hydrogen evolution. Herein, the methods used for the fabrication of TMCs, characterization techniques employed, and the different methods of solar hydrogen production by using different TMCs as photocatalyst are reviewed. This review provides a summary of TMC photocatalysts for hydrogen production.
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Park, Hyunwoong. "(Invited) A Wired Photosynthesis of Formate from Aqueous CO2 Using Earth Abundant Catalysts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, no. 31 (April 13, 2018): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/31/1834.
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Harnessing and utilizing sunlight at high efficiency have represented an enormous challenge to the achievement of a carbon neutral society over the past four decades. Photocatalysis uniquely mimics natural photosynthesis in terms of light absorption and conversion, as well as storage of the absorbed photon energy into chemical bond energy. Despite this similarity, the development of low cost photocatalysts capable of selectively producing liquid chemicals from CO2 and water with efficiency and durability comparable to those in typical photosynthesis remains a great challenge. Most of the photocatalyst suspension systems produce mixtures of gas and liquid products at poor efficiencies, whereas electrically biased film systems exhibit a near-commercial gas production efficiency, albeit only for disappointingly short periods. Herein, we report the facile, environmentally benign synthesis of CuFeO2 and CuO binary films via electrodeposition, and demonstrate that these binary films produce only liquid formate from aqueous CO2 at ~1% energy efficiency, while driving O2 evolution from water on a wired Pt plate under continuous irradiation of simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G; 100 mW×cm- 2) over 24 h. An as-synthesized photocatalyst film with a three-dimensional, double-layer configuration further shows the continued production of formate for over 17 days. However, the crystalline structure and elemental state of the used photocatalysts undergo gradual chemical reduction. Such a deformation can be thermally healed by recycling the weekly used samples via oxidative annealing. Thus, a single photocatalyst sample produces formate continuously for 35 days. The photocatalyst components (Cu, Fe, and O) are earth-abundant, and the photocatalyst synthesis is straightforward, facile, environmentally benign, reproducible, and scalable. On achieving higher efficiencies in the future, the practical applicability of these photocatalysts will become enormous.
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Abed, Jehad, Nitul S. Rajput, Amine El Moutaouakil, and Mustapha Jouiad. "Recent Advances in the Design of Plasmonic Au/TiO2 Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112260.
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Plasmonic nanostructures have played a key role in extending the activity of photocatalysts to the visible light spectrum, preventing the electron–hole combination and providing with hot electrons to the photocatalysts, a crucial step towards efficient broadband photocatalysis. One plasmonic photocatalyst, Au/TiO2, is of a particular interest because it combines chemical stability, suitable electronic structure, and photoactivity for a wide range of catalytic reactions such as water splitting. In this review, we describe key mechanisms involving plasmonics to enhance photocatalytic properties leading to efficient water splitting such as production and transport of hot electrons through advanced analytical techniques used to probe the photoactivity of plasmonics in engineered Au/TiO2 devices. This work also discusses the emerging strategies to better design plasmonic photocatalysts and understand the underlying mechanisms behind the enhanced photoactivity of plasmon-assisted catalysts.
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Ren, Yu, Yuze Dong, Yaqing Feng, and Jialiang Xu. "Compositing Two-Dimensional Materials with TiO2 for Photocatalysis." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120590.
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Energy shortage and environmental pollution problems boost in recent years. Photocatalytic technology is one of the most effective ways to produce clean energy—hydrogen and degrade pollutants under moderate conditions and thus attracts considerable attentions. TiO2 is considered one of the best photocatalysts because of its well-behaved photo-corrosion resistance and catalytic activity. However, the traditional TiO2 photocatalyst suffers from limitations of ineffective use of sunlight and rapid carrier recombination rate, which severely suppress its applications in photocatalysis. Surface modification and hybridization of TiO2 has been developed as an effective method to improve its photocatalysis activity. Due to superior physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, suitable bandgap, structural stability and high charge mobility, two-dimensional (2D) material is an ideal modifier composited with TiO2 to achieve enhanced photocatalysis process. In this review, we summarized the preparation methods of 2D material/TiO2 hybrid and drilled down into the role of 2D materials in photocatalysis activities.
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Kudo, Akihiko. "Photocatalysis and solar hydrogen production." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 11 (January 1, 2007): 1917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779111917.
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Photocatalytic water splitting is a challenging reaction because it is an ultimate solution to energy and environmental issues. Recently, many new powdered photocatalysts for water splitting have been developed. For example, a NiO (0.2 wt %)/NaTaO3:La (2 %) photocatalyst with a 4.1-eV band gap showed high activity for water splitting into H2 and O2 with an apparent quantum yield of 56 % at 270 nm. Overall water splitting under visible light irradiation has been achieved by construction of a Z-scheme photocatalysis system employing visible-light-driven photocatalysts, Ru/SrTiO3:Rh and BiVO4 for H2 and O2 evolution, and an Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple as an electron relay. Moreover, highly efficient sulfide photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production in the presence of electron donors were developed by making solid solutions of ZnS with AgInS2 and CuInS2 of narrow band gap semiconductors. Thus, the database of powdered photocatalysts for water splitting has become plentiful.
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Feliczak-Guzik, Agnieszka. "Nanomaterials as Photocatalysts—Synthesis and Their Potential Applications." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010193.
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Increasing demand for energy and environmental degradation are the most serious problems facing the man. An interesting issue that can contribute to solving these problems is the use of photocatalysis. According to literature, solar energy in the presence of a photocatalyst can effectively (i) be converted into electricity/fuel, (ii) break down chemical and microbial pollutants, and (iii) help water purification. Therefore, the search for new, efficient, and stable photocatalysts with high application potential is a point of great interest. The photocatalysts must be characterized by the ability to absorb radiation from a wide spectral range of light, the appropriate position of the semiconductor energy bands in relation to the redox reaction potentials, and the long diffusion path of charge carriers, besides the thermodynamic, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical stabilities. Meeting these requirements by semiconductors is very difficult. Therefore, efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of photo processes by changing the electron structure, surface morphology, and crystal structure of semiconductors. This paper reviews the recent literature covering the synthesis and application of nanomaterials in photocatalysis.
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Yang, Ling. "Photocatalyst and Decoration Design in Indoor Public Spaces Based on the Photocatalytic Function of Nanometer Titanium Dioxide." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 10, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1937481.
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The process of decorating interior spaces often produces substances that are harmful to the human body, which seriously spoils the decorating experience. Photocatalyst is the oxidant of nanometer titanium dioxide. It cannot be oxidized by itself. This article aims to discuss photocatalysts and interior and exterior design. When there is light in the room, the photocatalyst will fully integrate with the light, which has a strong catalytic and degrading effect. This can degrade indoor formaldehyde and other pollutants while also having a sterilization effect. The principle of the photocatalyst is to absorb ultraviolet rays in light. When impurities appear in the air, they are destroyed by the photocatalyst, and the impurities are converted into substances that are harmless to the human body. We tested the formaldehyde and SO2 content in the room after the photocatalysis of titanium dioxide, and analyzed the photocatalyst and decoration design in indoor public spaces. The research results showed that the effect of the photocatalyst is about 20% better than the traditional explanation. Functionally, it can deodorize toilets, garbage, etc., and the effect is very obvious.
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He, Yan, Zewei Yuan, Kai Cheng, Zhenyun Duan, and Wenzhen Zhao. "Development of electrical enhanced photocatalysis polishing slurry for silicon carbide wafer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 234, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650119864243.
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Single-crystal silicon carbide, as one of the most promising next-generation semiconductor materials, should be polished with atomically smooth and damage-free surface to meet the requirements of semiconductor applications. The research presented in this paper aims to develop an electrical enhanced photocatalysis polishing method for atomic smoothing of Si-face (0001) 4H-SiC wafer based on the powerful oxidability of UV photo-excited hydroxyl radical on nano semiconductor particles. The research identifies the influences of photocatalyst, electron capturer, UV light, voltage and pH value by designing the orthogonal fading experiments of methyl orange and thus develops several slurries for electrical enhanced photocatalysis polishing accordingly. It also demonstrates that photocatalyst, UV light, electron capturer, and acid environment being necessaries for the electrical enhanced photocatalysis polishing process. Electricity can effectively prevent the recombination of electrons and holes generated on the surface of semiconductor particles and therefore enhance the polishing efficiency. Five photocatalysts including 5 nm TiO2, P25, ZnO, CeO2 and ZrO2 have envious selectivity to the UV light. The slurry with P25 as the photocatalyst and H2O2 as electron capturer presents best polishing performance among, which provides a material removal rate of about 1.18 µm/h and a surface roughness of about Ra 0.0527 nm in an area of 1.0 × 1.0 µm. Furthermore, it also discusses how the UV light irradiation and electricity promotes the chemical oxidation of hydroxyl radical with SiC by forming “Si-C-O”, “Si-O” and “C-O” on SiC surface. The paper concludes that the proposed electrical enhanced photocatalysis polishing is an effective and clean manufacturing method for SiC wafer without rendering toxic chemical effect on environment and human health.
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Tapia-Tlatelpa, Tecilli, Jose Trull, and Luis Romeral. "In situ Decolorization Monitoring of Textile Dyes for an Optimized UV-LED/TiO2 Reactor." Catalysts 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9080669.
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Heterogeneous photocatalysis, using photocatalysts in suspension to eliminate diverse contaminants, including textile wastewater, has several advantages. Nevertheless, current absorbance and decolorization measurements imply sample acquisition by extraction at a fixed rate with consequent photocatalyst removal. This study presents online monitoring for the decolorization of six azo dyes, Orange PX-2R (OP2), Remazol Black B133 (RB), Procion Crimson H-EXL (PC), Procion Navy H-EXL (PN), Procion Blue H-EXL (PB), and Procion Yellow H-EXL (PY), analyzing the spectrum measured in situ by using the light scattering provided by the photocatalyst in suspension. The results obtained have corroborated the feasibility of obtaining absorbance and decolorization measurements, avoiding disturbances in the process due to a decrease in the volume in the reactor.
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Jiang, Zhuoying, Sameera Wickramasinghe, Yu Hsin Tsai, Anna Cristina S. Samia, David Gurarie, and Xiong Yu. "Modeling and Experimental Studies on Adsorption and Photocatalytic Performance of Nitrogen-Doped TiO2 Prepared via the Sol–Gel Method." Catalysts 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10121449.
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Nitrogen-doped TiO2 has a great potential as a photocatalyst under visible light irradiation with applications in the removal of air and water pollutants, and the treatment of bacterial contaminations. In this study, nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol–gel method and a post-annealing heat treatment approach. The effects of annealing treatment on the photocatalyst crystalline size and degree of crystallinity were analyzed. Methylene blue dye was used as the model water contaminant for the evaluation of the photoactivity of the synthesized nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The degradation of methylene blue was attributed to three mechanisms, i.e., adsorption, photocatalysis, and direct light photolysis. A kinetic model was developed to distinguish the impact of these three different mechanisms on the removal of contaminants. Adsorption and photocatalysis are heterogeneous processes for removing water organic contaminants. The characterization analysis demonstrates that they are relevant to the microstructures and surface chemical compositions of nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalysts. The processing–structure–performance relationship helped to determine the optimal processing parameters for nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalyst to achieve the best performance. While we used methylene blue as the model contaminant, the generalized quantitative model framework developed in this study can be extended to other types of contaminants after proper calibration.
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Wongburapachart, Chanagun, Phuwadej Pornaroontham, Kyusung Kim, and Pramoch Rangsunvigit. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Orange 7 by NiO-TiO2/TiO2 Bilayer Film Photo-Chargeable Catalysts." Coatings 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010141.
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Photocatalysis as an eco-friendly technology has the potential to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, an improvement of conventional photocatalysts is necessary to overcome their limitations such as slow kinetics, wavelength for excitation, and environmental restrictions. In particular, the development of a photocatalyst that can operate even in the absence of light is constantly conducted, and a photo-chargeable photocatalyst could be one of the answers. In this paper, a heterojunction composed of TiO2 and NiO-TiO2 bilayer film photocatalyst (BLF) was prepared. The effect of the synthesis conditions of the NiO-TiO2 layer on the photocatalytic properties was investigated. Photocatalytic degradation measurements were conducted with an acid orange 7 (AO7) solution under light and dark conditions. The highest degradation BLF was synthesized at a NiO loading of 52% and calcination temperature of 300 °C. The prepared sample showed about five-fold greater photocatalytic activity of 48% in AO7 degradation after 8 h compared to an ordinary TiO2 film (9%) under light conditions. Moreover, under dark conditions it exhibited 13.6% degradation, while the naked layers of TiO2 and NiO-TiO2 showed no degradation. The proposed mechanism suggested that photocatalysis in the dark was possible due to the stabilization of photogenerated holes by anionic intercalation during illumination.
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Isopencu, Gabriela Olimpia, Alexandra Mocanu, and Iuliana-Mihaela Deleanu. "A Brief Review of Photocatalytic Reactors Used for Persistent Pesticides Degradation." ChemEngineering 6, no. 6 (November 11, 2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering6060089.
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Pesticide pollution is a major issue, given their intensive use in the 20th century, which led to their accumulation in the environment. At the international level, strict regulations are imposed on the use of pesticides, simultaneously with the increasing interest of researchers from all over the world to find methods of neutralizing them. Photocatalytic degradation is an intensively studied method to be applied for the degradation of pesticides, especially through the use of solar energy. The mechanisms of photocatalysis are studied and implemented in pilot and semi-pilot installations on experimental platforms, in order to be able to make this method more efficient and to identify the equipment that can achieve the photodegradation of pesticides with the highest possible yields. This paper proposes a brief review of the impact of pesticides on the environment and some techniques for their degradation, with the main emphasis on different photoreactor configurations, using slurry or immobilized photocatalysts. This review highlights the efforts of researchers to harmonize the main elements of photocatalysis: choice of the photocatalyst, and the way of photocatalyst integration within photoreaction configuration, in order to make the transfer of momentum, mass, and energy as efficient as possible for optimal excitation of the photocatalyst.
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Díaz, Carlos, Marjorie Segovia, and Maria Luisa Valenzuela. "Solid State Nanostructured Metal Oxides as Photocatalysts and Their Application in Pollutant Degradation: A Review." Photochem 2, no. 3 (August 5, 2022): 609–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photochem2030041.
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Most dyes used in various industries are toxic and carcinogenic, thus posing a serious hazard to humans as well as to the marine ecosystem. Therefore, the impact of dyes released into the environment has been studied extensively in the last few years. Heterogeneous photocatalysis has proved to be an efficient tool for degrading both atmospheric and aquatic organic contaminants. It uses the sunlight in the presence of a semiconductor photocatalyst to accelerate the remediation of environmental contaminants and the destruction of highly toxic molecules. To date, photocatalysis has been considered one of the most appealing options for wastewater treatment due to its great potential and high efficiency by using sunlight to remove organic pollutants and harmful bacteria with the aid of a solid photocatalyst. Among the photocatalysts currently used, nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors have been among the most effective. This review paper presents an overview of the recent research improvements on the degradation of dyes by using nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors obtained by a solid-state method. Metal oxides obtained by this method exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency than nanostructured metal oxides obtained using other solution methods in several cases. The present review discusses examples of various nanostructured transition metal oxides—such as TiO2, Fe2O3, NiO, ReO3, IrO2, Rh2O3, Rh/RhO2, and the actinide ThO2—used as photocatalysts on methylene blue. It was found that photocatalytic efficiency depends not only on the bandgap of the metal oxide but also on its morphology. Porous nanostructured metal oxides tend to present higher photocatalytic efficiency than metal oxides with a similar band gap.
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Pujiarti, Yuly, Suyanta Suyanta, and Eko Sri Kunarti. "A Visible Light-Induced Fe3O4/ZnO-Cu Nanocomposite and its Photocatalytic Activities for Rhodamine B Photodegradation." Key Engineering Materials 884 (May 2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.884.60.
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Synthesis of Fe3O4/ZnO-Cu nanocomposite photocatalyst has been conducted. The synthesis was carried out using the co-precipitation method with the variation of Cu concentration and modification by Fe3O4 magnetic material. As synthesized photocatalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD, TEM, and SR UV-Visible. Photocatalytic activities of samples were evaluated through Rhodamine B degradation under visible light irradiation. The results showed that a sample with Fe3O4/ZnO-Cu 1% has smaller band gap energy of 2.90 eV and the highest photocatalytic activity than pure ZnO or Fe3O4-modified ZnO (Fe3O4/ZnO-Cu 0%) under visible light. The percentage of Rhodamine B degradation was approximately 89.41% during 120 min of visible light illumination. Moreover, the photocatalyst materials could be easily separated after photocatalysis which is due to the magnetic property of Fe3O4 material. Therefore, Cu-doped ZnO with Fe3O4 modification has been an efficient and effective visible-light-induced photocatalyst in removing non-biodegradable Rhodamine B dyes.
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Zhang, Fubao, Xianming Wang, Haonan Liu, Chunli Liu, Yong Wan, Yunze Long, and Zhongyu Cai. "Recent Advances and Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalytic Technology." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122489.
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Along with the development of industry and the improvement of people’s living standards, peoples’ demand on resources has greatly increased, causing energy crises and environmental pollution. In recent years, photocatalytic technology has shown great potential as a low-cost, environmentally-friendly, and sustainable technology, and it has become a hot research topic. However, current photocatalytic technology cannot meet industrial requirements. The biggest challenge in the industrialization of photocatalyst technology is the development of an ideal photocatalyst, which should possess four features, including a high photocatalytic efficiency, a large specific surface area, a full utilization of sunlight, and recyclability. In this review, starting from the photocatalytic reaction mechanism and the preparation of the photocatalyst, we review the classification of current photocatalysts and the methods for improving photocatalytic performance; we also further discuss the potential industrial usage of photocatalytic technology. This review also aims to provide basic and comprehensive information on the industrialization of photocatalysis technology.
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Thattil, Preeja P., and A. Leema Rose. "High Photocatalytic Performance of Modified Bismuth Oxychloride Semiconductor under Sunlight." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370402.
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In recent years, the bismuth compounds have gained much interest due to their potential applications in the field of Photocatalysis. In our present work, Bismuth oxychloride Photocatalyst and Aluminium fluoride doped Bismuth oxychloride photocatalyst were synthesized by simple chemical methods using Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate as the precursor. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by different analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction analyses, Ultra Violet –Diffuse reflectance spectrum, Field Emission – Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray analyses,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies and BET surface area analysis. The photocatalytic performances of the as-synthesized doped and undoped Bismuth oxychloride photocatalyst were tested towards the degradation of Acid green 1 dye. The parameters such as the effect of pH, catalyst concentration and initial dye concentration are optimized, and the kinetic studies are carried out for the photocatalytic dye degradation process. The experimental results showed that about 80% of the Acid green 1 dye got decolourized within 90 minutes by effective air purging under natural sunlight radiation in the presence of the AlF-BiOCl photocatalyst under optimized conditions.
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Lin, Hsin Yu, and Yu Lin Ye. "Z-Scheme over all Water Splitting on Rh/K4Nb6O17 Nanosheets Photocatalyst." Advances in Science and Technology 99 (October 2016): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.99.3.
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Developing a photocatalysis system to generate hydrogen from water is a topic of great interest for fundamental and practical importance. In this study, hydrogen production by a new Z-scheme photocatalysis water splitting system was examined over Rh modified K4Nb6O17 nanosheets and Pt/WO3 photocatalysts for H2 evolution and O2 evolution with I-/IO3- electron mediator under UV light irradiation. The H2 evolution photocatalyst, Rh/K4Nb6O17 nanosheets with a slit like framework, was prepared by exfoliation of and proton exchange reaction. Pt/WO3 prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation method was used as O2 evolution photocatalyst. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). These catalysts characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). In this study, we developed a facile method of preparing K4Nb6O17 nanosheets containing Rh nanoparticles. Our results show that I- concentration and pH of reaction solution significantly influenced the photocatalytic activity. The combination of Rh modified K4Nb6O17 nanosheets with Pt/WO3 achieves a very high photoactivity (H2: 4240 O2: 1622 (μmol g-1 h-1)).
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Hussien, Mai S. A., Abdelfatteh Bouzidi, Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh, Ibrahim S. Yahia, Heba Y. Zahran, Mohamed Sh Abdel-wahab, Walaa Alharbi, Nasser S. Awwad, and Medhat A. Ibrahim. "Fabrication and Characterization of Highly Efficient As-Synthesized WO3/Graphitic-C3N4 Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Compounds." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072482.
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The incorporation of tungsten trioxide (WO3) by various concentrations of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was successfully studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Diffused Reflectance UV-Vis techniques were applied to investigate morphological and microstructure analysis, diffused reflectance optical properties, and photocatalysis measurements of WO3/g-C3N4 photocatalyst composite organic compounds. The photocatalytic activity of incorporating WO3 into g-C3N4 composite organic compounds was evaluated by the photodegradation of both Methylene Blue (MB) dye and phenol under visible-light irradiation. Due to the high purity of the studied heterojunction composite series, no observed diffraction peaks appeared when incorporating WO3 into g-C3N4 composite organic compounds. The particle size of the prepared composite organic compound photocatalysts revealed no evident influence through the increase in WO3 atoms from the SEM characteristic. The direct and indirect bandgap were recorded for different mole ratios of WO3/g-C3N4, and indicated no apparent impact on bandgap energy with increasing WO3 content in the composite photocatalyst. The composite photocatalysts’ properties better understand their photocatalytic activity degradations. The pseudo-first-order reaction constants (K) can be calculated by examining the kinetic photocatalytic activity.
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Wahyuni, Endang Tri, Titi Rahmaniati, Aulia Rizky Hafidzah, Suherman Suherman, and Adhitasari Suratman. "Photocatalysis over N-Doped TiO2 Driven by Visible Light for Pb(II) Removal from Aqueous Media." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080945.
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The photocatalysis process over N-doped TiO2 under visible light is examined for Pb(II) removal. The doping TiO2 with N element was conducted by simple hydrothermal technique and using urea as the N source. The doped photocatalysts were characterized by DRUVS, XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDX instruments. Photocatalysis of Pb(II) through a batch experiment was performed for evaluation of the doped TiO2 activity under visible light, with applying various fractions of N-doped, photocatalyst mass, irradiation time, and solution pH. The research results attributed that N doping has been successfully performed, which shifted TiO2 absorption into visible region, allowing it to be active under visible irradiation. The photocatalytic removal of Pb(II) proceeded through photo-oxidation to form PbO2. Doping N into TiO2 noticeably enhanced the photo-catalytic oxidation of Pb(II) under visible light irradiation. The highest photocatalytic oxidation of 15 mg/L Pb(II) in 25 mL of the solution could be reached by employing TiO2 doped with 10%w of N content 15 mg, 30 min of time and at pH 8. The doped-photocatalyst that was three times repeatedly used demonstrated significant activity. The most effective process of Pb(II) photo-oxidation under beneficial condition, producing less toxic and handleable PbO2 and good repeatable photocatalyst, suggest a feasible method for Pb(II) remediation on an industrial scale.
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Lee, Jun-Cheol, Anantha-Iyengar Gopalan, Gopalan Sai-Anand, Kwang-Pill Lee, and Wha-Jung Kim. "Preparation of Visible Light Photocatalytic Graphene Embedded Rutile Titanium(IV) Oxide Composite Nanowires and Enhanced NOx Removal." Catalysts 9, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020170.
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The quest for developing highly efficient TiO2-based photocatalysts is continuing and, in particular, evolving a new strategy is an important aspect in this regard. In general, much effort has been devoted to the anatase TiO2 modifications, despite there being only a few recent studies on rutile TiO2 (rTiO2). To the best of our knowledge, studies on the preparation and characterization of the photocatalysts based on the intentional inclusion of graphene (G) into rTiO2 nanostructures have not been reported yet. Herein, we develop a new type of TiO2-based photocatalyst comprising of G included pure rTiO2 nanowire (abbreviated as rTiO2(G) NW) with enhanced visible light absorption capability. To prepare rTiO2(G) NW, the G incorporated titanate electrospun fibers were obtained by electrospinning and subsequently heat treated at various temperatures (500 to 800 °C). Electrospinning conditions were optimized for producing good quality rTiO2(G) NW. The rTiO2(G) NW and their corresponding samples were characterized by appropriate techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to ascertain their material characteristics. XRD results show that the lattice strain occurs upon inclusion of G. We present here the first observation of an apparent bandgap lowering because of the G inclusion into TiO2 NW. While anatase TiO2 NW exhibited poor visible light photocatalysis towards NOx removal, the rTiO2(G) NW photocatalyst witnessed a significantly enhanced (~67%) photocatalytic performance as compared to anatase TiO2(G) NW. We concluded that the inclusion of G into rTiO2 nanostructures enhances the visible light photoactivity. A plausible mechanism for photocatalysis is suggested.
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Sohrabi, Somayeh, Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji, and Davood Iranshahi. "A review on the design and development of photocatalyst synthesis and application in microfluidic reactors: challenges and opportunities." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 36, no. 6 (August 26, 2020): 687–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2018-0013.
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AbstractMicrofluidics is an emerging branch of science that has significant applications in various fields. In this review paper, after a brief introduction to the concept of photocatalysis, nanoparticle preparation methods and film formation techniques have been studied. Nanoparticle synthesis in microfluidic systems and microreactor types for on-chip photocatalyst synthesis and challenges of nanoparticles handling in microsystems have been reviewed. To resolve particle polydispersity and microchannel clogging, a good suggestion can be the use of droplet-based microreactors. The configurative designs for the microfluidic reactor with immobilized photocatalysts, their applications, and their challenges have been comprehensively addressed. The three main challenges ahead the immobilized photocatalytic microfluidic reactors are optimal light distribution, prevention of the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, and improved mass transfer. Internal light-emitting diodes with a waveguide can resolve the number one challenge of photocatalysis application in optofluidic reactors, that is, light distribution.
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Vaiano, Vincenzo, and Diana Sannino. "UV Light Driven Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane in Gaseous Phase Using Mo-Functionalized Zeolites." Surfaces 2, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 546–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces2040040.
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Heterogeneous photocatalysis in the gas phase has been applied as a promising technique for organic syntheses in mild conditions. Modified zeolites have been used under UV irradiation as novel photocatalysts. In this study, we preliminarily investigated the photoxidation of cyclohexane on ferrierite and MoOx-functionalized ferrierite in a gas–solid continuous flow reactor. In the presence of UV light, MoOx-functionalized ferrierite showed the formation of benzene and cyclohexene as reaction products, indicating the occurrence of photocatalysed cyclohexane oxydehydrogenation. By contrast, unmodified ammonium ferrierite exhibited relevant activity for total oxidation of cyclohexane to carbon dioxide and water. The influence of Mo loading on cyclohexane conversion and products selectivity was evaluated.
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Ghazali, Siti Shariah, Kem Ley Kem, Rohayu Jusoh, Sureena Abdullah, and Jun Haslinda Shariffuddin. "Evaluation of La-Doped CaO Derived from Cockle Shells for Photodegradation of POME." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 14, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.3318.205-218.
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Photocatalysis has merged to be one of the most promising technology in wastewater remediation. However, the application of photocatalysis in treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) is still limited. Many researches were conducted to explore simple and cost-effective alternatives to replace TiO2 for various industrial purposes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize lanthanum doped calcium oxide (La/CaO) as photocatalyst as well as to evaluate the performance of these photocatalysts in the degradation of POME. The photocatalyst used in this study was converted from cockle shells to transform into calcium oxide (CaO) through calcination process. The CaO produced was doped with 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% of lanthanum (La) using wet impregnation method to enhance its photocatalytic activity. The photocatalysts were characterised using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersion X-ray (EDX) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS). Then, this photocatalyst was performed on POME under UVC in a batch system by using different La/CaO at optimum catalyst dosage of 3.0 g/L. Through this research, it was found that the POME degradation through photocatalytic reaction was increased with the incorporation of La where 3 wt% La/CaO shows the highest POME degradation compared to others. This is due to the larger BET surface area that provides more active sites resulted from the incorporation of La. The findings of this study imply that the contaminants in POME can be reduced by utilizing CaO derived from cockle shells. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 1st October 2018; Revised: 12nd January 2019; Accepted: 17th January 2019; Available online: 25th January 2019; Published regularly: April 2019How to Cite: Ghazali, S.S., Kem, W.L., Jusoh, R., Abdullah, S., Shariffuddin, J.H. (2019). Evaluation of La-Doped CaO Derived from Cockle Shells for Photodegradation of POME. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 14 (1): 205-218 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.14.1.3318.205-218)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.3318.205-218
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Chu, Kuan-Wu, Sher Lee, Chi-Jung Chang, and Lingyun Liu. "Recent Progress of Carbon Dot Precursors and Photocatalysis Applications." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040689.
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Carbon dots (CDs), a class of carbon-based sub-ten-nanometer nanoparticles, have attracted great attention since their discovery fifteen years ago. Because of the outstanding photoluminescence properties, photostability, low toxicity, and low cost, CDs have potential to replace traditional semiconductor quantum dots which have serious drawbacks of toxicity and high cost. This review covers the common top-down and bottom-up methods for the synthesis of CDs, different categories of CD precursors (small molecules, natural polymers, and synthetic polymers), one-pot and multi-step methods to produce CDs/photocatalyst composites, and recent advances of CDs on photocatalysis applications mostly in pollutant degradation and energy areas. A broad range of precursors forming fluorescent CDs are discussed, including small molecule sole or dual precursors, natural polymers such as pure polysaccharides and proteins and crude bio-resources from plants or animals, and various synthetic polymer precursors with positive, negative, neutral and hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or zwitterionic feature. Because of the wide light absorbance, excellent photoluminescence properties and electron transfer ability, CDs have emerged as a new type of photocatalyst. Recent work of CDs as sole photocatalyst or in combination with other materials (e.g., metal, metal sulfide, metal oxide, bismuth-based semiconductor, or other traditional photocatalysts) to form composite catalyst for various photocatalytic applications are reviewed. Possible future directions are proposed at the end of the article on mechanistic studies, production of CDs with better controlled properties, expansion of polymer precursor pool, and systematic studies of CDs for photocatalysis applications.
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Riaz, Nadia, Bustam-Khalil Mohamad Azmi, and Azmi Mohd Shariff. "Iron Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts for Environmental Applications: Fundamentals and Progress." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.689.
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One of the most pervasive problems affecting people throughout the world is inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. Problems with water are expected to grow worse in the coming decades, with water scarcity occurring globally. Many recent studies have been reported on the photodegradation of the organic compounds in industrial wastewater in the presence of TiO2 semiconductor as photocatalyst. Heterogeneous photocatalysts using iron as a dopant metal, so far, have been reported for various environmental applications. This paper highlights the recent advances and applications of Fe-TiO2 photocatalysis for the degradation/photodegradation of various pollutants, alkanolamines and other organic pollutants like phenols and dyes.
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Zhao, Wan, Xiuru Yang, Chunxi Liu, Xiaoxiao Qian, Yanru Wen, Qian Yang, Tao Sun, Wenya Chang, Xin Liu, and Zhi Chen. "Facile Construction of All-Solid-State Z-Scheme g-C3N4/TiO2 Thin Film for the Efficient Visible-Light Degradation of Organic Pollutant." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040600.
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The increasing discharge of dyes and antibiotic pollutants in water has brought serious environmental problems. However, it is difficult to remove such pollutants effectively by traditional sewage treatment technologies. Semiconductor photocatalysis is a new environment-friendly technique and is widely used in aqueous pollution control. TiO2 is one of the most investigated photocatalysts; however, it still faces the main drawbacks of a poor visible-light response and a low charge-separation efficiency. Moreover, powder photocatalyst is difficult to be recovered, which is another obstacle limiting the practical application. In this article, g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction is simply immobilized on a glass substrate to form an all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction. The obtained thin-film photocatalyst was characterized and applied in the visible-light photodegradation of colored rhodamine B and tetracycline hydrochloride. The photocatalytic performance is related to the deposited layers, and the sample with five layers shows the best photocatalytic efficiency. The thin-film photocatalyst is easy to be recovered with stability. The active component responsible for the photodegradation is identified and a Z-scheme mechanism is proposed.
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Serna-Galvis, Efraím A., Yenny Ávila-Torres, María Ibáñez, Félix Hernández, and Ricardo A. Torres-Palma. "Use of CdS from Teaching-Laboratory Wastes as a Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Water." Water 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 2154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162154.
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Laboratory wastes containing Cd2+ and water polluted by pharmaceuticals represent an environmental concern. In this work, a proof concept, consisting of the use of teaching-laboratory wastes to synthesize CdS and its subsequent use as a photocatalyst to degrade fluoroquinolone antibiotics, was developed. The CdS was prepared by extraction with thioacetamide and calcination (at 450 °C) and characterized using several techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the CdS, to degrade levofloxacin and norfloxacin, was tested, and the routes involved in the process and the primary transformations of the fluoroquinolones were established. Moreover, the ability of CdS-photocatalysis to eliminate levofloxacin in simulated matrices of fresh urine and hospital wastewater was evaluated. The characterization analyses indicated that the CdS semiconductor was synthesized successfully. Effectively, the CdS acted as a photocatalyst toward degradation of levofloxacin, involving the action of superoxide anion radical, holes, and singlet oxygen mainly. The process induced transformations on the methyl-piperazyl moiety, plus hydroxylation of the fluoroquinolone nucleus on levofloxacin. Additionally, CdS-photocatalysis was highly selective for the elimination of the target pollutant in both tested matrices. Our research indicated the good potentiality of recycling teaching-laboratory wastes to generate photocatalysts to degrade organic pollutants. This work was presented at 4° Congreso Colombiano de Procesos Avanzados de Oxidación (4CCPAOx).
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Yan, Xin, Yuanyuan Wang, Bingbing Kang, Zhuo Li, and Yanhui Niu. "Preparation and Characterization of Tubelike g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 Heterojunction with Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity." Crystals 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111373.
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Water pollution caused by dye wastewater is a potential threat to human health. Using photocatalysis technology to deal with dye wastewater has the advantages of strong purification and no secondary pollution, so it is greatly significant to look for new visible-light photocatalysts with high photocatalytic ability for dye wastewater degradation. Semiconductor photocatalyst silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) has high quantum efficiency and photocatalytic degradation activity. However, Ag3PO4 is prone to photoelectron corrosion and becomes unstable during photocatalysis, which severely limits its application in this field. In this study, a tubelike g-C3N4/Ag3PO4 heterojunction was constructed by the chemical precipitation method. An Ag3PO4 nanoparticle was loaded onto the surface of the tubelike g-C3N4, forming close contact. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was evaluated by the degradation of RhB under visible-light irradiation. The tubelike g-C3N4/Ag3PO4-5% heterojunction exhibited optimal photocatalytic performance. In an optimal process, the degradation rate of the RhB is 90% under visible-light irradiation for 40 min. The recycling experiment showed that there was no apparent decrease in the activity of tubelike g-C3N4/Ag3PO4-5% heterojunction after five consecutive runs. A possible Z-type mechanism is proposed to explain the high activity and stability of the heterojunction.
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Akhter, Parveen, Abdullah Arshad, Aimon Saleem, and Murid Hussain. "Recent Development in Non-Metal-Doped Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts for Different Dyes Degradation and the Study of Their Strategic Factors: A Review." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111331.
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Semiconductor titanium dioxide in its basic form or doped with metals and non-metals is being extensively used in wastewater treatment by photocatalysis due to its versatile nature. Other numerous characteristics including being environmentally friendly, non-pernicious, economical, multi-phase, highly hydrophilic, versatile physio-chemical features, chemical stability, suitable band gap, and corrosion-resistance, along with its low price make TiO2 the best candidate in the field of photocatalysis. Commercially, semiconductor and synthesized photocatalysts—which have been investigated for the last few decades owing to their wide band gap—and the doping of titania with p-block elements (non-metals) such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, boron, carbon, phosphorus, and iodine enhances their photocatalytic efficiency under visible-light irradiation. This is because non-metals have a strong oxidizing ability. The key focus of this review is to discuss the various factors affecting the photocatalytic activity of non-metal-doped titania by decreasing its band gap. The working parameters discussed are the effect of pH, dyes concentration, photocatalyst’s size and structure, pollutants concentration and types, the surface area of photocatalysts, the effect of light intensity and irradiation time, catalyst loading, the effect of temperature, and doping impact, etc. The mechanism of the photocatalytic action of several non-metallic dopants of titanium dioxide and composites is a promising approach for the exploration of photocatalysis activity. The various selected synthesis methods for non-metallic-doped TiO2 have been reviewed in this study. Similarly, the effect of various conditions on the doping mode has been summarized in relation to several sorts of modified TiO2.
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Tigabu Bekele, Mekonnen. "Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of selected transition metal nanoparticles: review." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001084.
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Photocatalysis has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to its potential in solving energy and environmental issues. Efficient light absorption and charge separation are two of the key factors for the exploration of high-performance photocatalytic systems, which are generally difficult to obtain from a single photocatalyst. The combination of various materials to form heterojunctions provides an effective way to better harvest solar energy and facilitate charge separation and transfer, thus enhancing photocatalytic activity and stability. This review concisely summarizes the recent development of visible light responsive heterojunctions, including the preparation and performance of semiconductor/semiconductor junctions and semiconductor/metal junctions and their mechanism for enhancing light harvesting and charge separation/transfer. In this regard, this review presents some unitary, binary and ternary CeO2 photocatalysts used for the degradation of organic pollutants. We expect this review to provide the type of guidelines for readers to gain a clear picture of nanotechnology and the fabrication and application of different types of heterostructured photocatalysts.
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Yu, Yichang, Ziyuyang Zheng, Weiling Liao, Yuan Yao, Feng Peng, Tingting Chen, Jin Wu, and Li Feng. "Fabrication of N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots/BiOI Nanocomposite and Its Efficient Photocatalytic Activity Under Visible-Light Irradiation." Nano LIFE 11, no. 03 (August 25, 2021): 2150003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984421500033.
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A novel spherical N-CQDs/BiOI photocatalyst was successfully synthesized through a facile solvothermal method. The optimization experiments of hydrothermal time and temperature were carried out. The effect of ammonium citrate addition was investigated. The as-synthesized photocatalysts were characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and elemental analysis. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of as-synthesized photocatalysts were studied, 0.2N-CQDs/BiOI showed the best performance. For the removal of anionic dye RhB, adsorption occupied a major position. The maximum adsorption capacity was 97.09[Formula: see text]mg/g for RhB. For the removal of cationic dyes X3B, photocatalysis occupied a major position. The photocatalytic activity of 0.2N-CQDs/BiOI was superior to that of nano-TiO2 under the simulate sunlight irradiation. Different scavengers were used to analyze the effect of active species and photocatalytic degradation mechanism of X3B. The outstanding stability and performance make 0.2N-CQDs/BiOI has highly potential applications in wastewater treatment.
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Tigabu Bekele, Mekonnen. "An overview of the developments of nanotechnology and heterogeneous photocatalysis in the presence of metal nanoparticles." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001083.
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In general, nanotechnology can be understood as a technology of design, fabrication and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials, as well as a fundamental understanding of the physical properties and phenomena of nanomaterials and nanostructures. In recent years the development of industries like textile, leather, paint, food, plastics, and cosmetics is enlarged and these industries are connected with the discarding of a vast number of organic pollutants which are harmful to microbes, aquatic systems, and human health by influencing the different parameters. So the fabrication of those nanomaterials (coupled or doped) to form heterojunctions provides an effective way to better harvest solar energy and facilitate charge separation and transfer, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity and stability. We expect this review to provide a guideline for readers to gain a clear picture of the fabrication and application of different types of heterostructured photocatalysts. In this review, starting from the photocatalytic reaction mechanism and the preparation of the photocatalyst, we review the classification of current photocatalysts, preparation methods, a factor that affects photocatalytic reaction, characterization of photocatalysts, and the methods for improving photocatalytic performance. This review also aims to provide basic and comprehensive information on the industrialization of photocatalysis technology.
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Zhang, Jinpeng, Xiaoping Chen, Qiaoshan Chen, Yunhui He, Min Pan, Guocheng Huang, and Jinhong Bi. "Insights into Photocatalytic Degradation Pathways and Mechanism of Tetracycline by an Efficient Z-Scheme NiFe-LDH/CTF-1 Heterojunction." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234111.
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Photocatalysis offers a sustainable approach for recalcitrant organic pollutants degradation, yet it is still challenging to seek robust photocatalysts for application purposes. Herein, a novel NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH)/covalent triazine framework (CTF-1) Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was rationally designed for antibiotics degradation under visible light irradiation. The NiFe-LDH/CTF-1 nanocomposites were readily obtained via in situ loading of NiFe-LDH on CTF-1 through covalent linking. The abundant coupling interfaces between two semiconductor counterparts lay the foundation for the formation of Z-scheme heterostructure, thereby effectively promoting the transfer of photogenerated electrons, inhibiting the recombination of carriers, as well as conferring the nanocomposites with stronger redox ability. Consequently, the optimal photocatalytic activity of the LDH/CTF heterojunction was significantly boosted for the degradation of a typical antibiotic, tetracycline (TC). Additionally, the photodegradation process and the mineralization of TC were further elucidated. These results envision that the LDH/CTF-1 can be a viable photocatalyst for long-term and sustainable wastewater treatment.
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Zhou, Linan, Dayne F. Swearer, Chao Zhang, Hossein Robatjazi, Hangqi Zhao, Luke Henderson, Liangliang Dong, et al. "Quantifying hot carrier and thermal contributions in plasmonic photocatalysis." Science 362, no. 6410 (October 4, 2018): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6967.
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Photocatalysis based on optically active, “plasmonic” metal nanoparticles has emerged as a promising approach to facilitate light-driven chemical conversions under far milder conditions than thermal catalysis. However, an understanding of the relation between thermal and electronic excitations has been lacking. We report the substantial light-induced reduction of the thermal activation barrier for ammonia decomposition on a plasmonic photocatalyst. We introduce the concept of a light-dependent activation barrier to account for the effect of light illumination on electronic and thermal excitations in a single unified picture. This framework provides insight into the specific role of hot carriers in plasmon-mediated photochemistry, which is critically important for designing energy-efficient plasmonic photocatalysts.
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Park, Hee-Ju, Sayed Mukit Hossain, Kiin Choi, Ho-Kyong Shon, and Jong-Ho Kim. "A Study on the Evaluation Methods of Nitrogen Oxide Removal Performance of Photocatalytic Concrete for Outdoor Applications." Catalysts 12, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12080846.
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In Korea, the issue of particulate matter pollution is growing, and many solutions are being developed to deal with it. Photocatalytic technology has been found to be helpful in removing precursors such as nitrogen oxides that cause particulate matter. In a microcosm setup, ISO 22197-1 has been successfully used to quantify the removal of nitrogen oxides from the specimen to which the photocatalyst is applied. However, owing to a lack of suitable tools, on-site measurement of real-scale efficacy is difficult. Depending on the substrate and surrounding circumstances at the application location, the photocatalyst may function at varying levels. Additionally, the expected photocatalytic effect may differ depending on the ambient air quality and sunlight irradiation intensity. This article describes two approaches for studying outdoor concrete photocatalysis. Standard gas measurement and dual-reactor measurement are the recommended evaluation approaches. The standard gas measurement method was found useful for assessing the applied photocatalyst itself as an outcome of field assessment. The performance of photocatalysts at different sites was found to be mutually exclusive and comparable. Over 180 min, on a building roof deck, the NO removal by the standard gas method was 0.68 ppm, whereas, at two shaded locations, the removal amount was 0.51 ppm (side wall) and 0.24 ppm (underpass) for 300 min. The dual reactor measurement approach, on the other hand, was discovered to be one of the most suitable methods for assessing how much of an improvement there has been in the air quality in areas where photocatalysts have been placed.
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Kublik, Natalya, Luiz E. Gomes, Luiz F. Plaça, Thalita H. N. Lima, Thais F. Abelha, Julio A. P. Ferencz, Anderson R. L. Caires, and Heberton Wender. "Metal-Free g-C3N4/Nanodiamond Heterostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic Pollutant Removal and Bacteria Photoinactivation." Photochem 1, no. 2 (September 14, 2021): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photochem1020019.
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Heterogeneous photocatalysis has emerged as a promising alternative for both micropollutant removal and bacterial inactivation under solar irradiation. Among a variety of photocatalysts explored in the literature, graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a metal-free semiconductor with acceptable chemical stability, low toxicity, and excellent cost-effectiveness. To minimize its high charge recombination rate and increase the photocatalyst adsorption capacity whilst keeping the metal-free photocatalyst system idea, we proposed the heterojunction formation of g-C3N4 with diamond nanocrystals (DNCs), also known as nanodiamonds. Samples containing different amounts of DNCs were assessed as photocatalysts for pollutant removal from water and as light-activated antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus sureus. The sample containing 28.3 wt.% of DNCs presented the best photocatalytic efficiency against methylene blue, removing 71% of the initial dye concentration after 120 min, with a pseudo-first-order kinetic and a constant rate of 0.0104 min−1, which is nearly twice the value of pure g-C3N4 (0.0059 min−1). The best metal-free photocatalyst was able to promote an enhanced reduction in bacterial growth under illumination, demonstrating its capability of photocatalytic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was discussed and attributed to (i) the increased adsorption capacity promoted by the presence of DNCs; (ii) the reduced charge recombination rate due to a type-II heterojunction formation; (iii) the enhanced light absorption effectiveness; and (iv) the better charge transfer resistance. These results show that g-C3N4/DNC are low-cost and metal-free photoactive catalysts for wastewater treatment and inactivation of bacteria.