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Journal articles on the topic 'Photocatalysis Self-Cleaning'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Gryparis, Charis, Themis Krasoudaki, and Pagona-Noni Maravelaki. "Self-Cleaning Coatings for the Protection of Cementitious Materials: The Effect of Carbon Dot Content on the Enhancement of Catalytic Activity of TiO2." Coatings 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050587.

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The urgent demand for pollution protection of monuments and buildings forced the interest towards specific preservation methods, such as the application of photocatalytic coatings with self-cleaning and protective activity. TiO2 photocatalysts without and with a variety of carbon dots loading (TC0, TC25–75) were synthesized via a green, simple, low cost and large-scale hydrothermal method using citric acid, hydroxylamine and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and resulted in uniform anatase phase structures. In photocatalysis experiments, TC25 and TC50 composites with 1:3 and 1:1 mass ratio of C-dots solution to TTIP, respectively, showed the best degradation efficiency for methyl orange (MO) under UV-A light, simulated solar light and sunlight compared to TiO2, commercial Au/TiO2 (TAu) and catalysts with higher C-dot loading (TC62.5 and TC75). Treatment of cement mortars with a mixture of photocatalyst and a consolidant (FX-C) provided self-cleaning activity under UV-A and visible light. This study produced a variety of new, durable, heavy metal-free C-dots/TiO2 photocatalysts that operate well under outdoor weather conditions, evidencing the C-dot dosage-dependent performance. For the building protection against pollution, nanostructured photocatalytic films were proposed with consolidation and self-cleaning ability under solar irradiation, deriving from combined protective silica-based agents and TiO2 photocatalysts free or with low C-dot content.
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2

Gryparis, Charis, Themis Krasoudaki, and Pagona-Noni Maravelaki. "Self-Cleaning Coatings for the Protection of Cementitious Materials: The Effect of Carbon Dot Content on the Enhancement of Catalytic Activity of TiO2." Coatings 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050587.

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The urgent demand for pollution protection of monuments and buildings forced the interest towards specific preservation methods, such as the application of photocatalytic coatings with self-cleaning and protective activity. TiO2 photocatalysts without and with a variety of carbon dots loading (TC0, TC25–75) were synthesized via a green, simple, low cost and large-scale hydrothermal method using citric acid, hydroxylamine and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and resulted in uniform anatase phase structures. In photocatalysis experiments, TC25 and TC50 composites with 1:3 and 1:1 mass ratio of C-dots solution to TTIP, respectively, showed the best degradation efficiency for methyl orange (MO) under UV-A light, simulated solar light and sunlight compared to TiO2, commercial Au/TiO2 (TAu) and catalysts with higher C-dot loading (TC62.5 and TC75). Treatment of cement mortars with a mixture of photocatalyst and a consolidant (FX-C) provided self-cleaning activity under UV-A and visible light. This study produced a variety of new, durable, heavy metal-free C-dots/TiO2 photocatalysts that operate well under outdoor weather conditions, evidencing the C-dot dosage-dependent performance. For the building protection against pollution, nanostructured photocatalytic films were proposed with consolidation and self-cleaning ability under solar irradiation, deriving from combined protective silica-based agents and TiO2 photocatalysts free or with low C-dot content.
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3

Bielan, Zuzanna, Szymon Dudziak, Adam Kubiak, and Ewa Kowalska. "Application of Spinel and Hexagonal Ferrites in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 10160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110160.

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Semiconducting materials display unique features that enable their use in a variety of applications, including self-cleaning surfaces, water purification systems, hydrogen generation, solar energy conversion, etc. However, one of the major issues is separation of the used materials from the process suspension. Therefore, chemical compounds with magnetic properties have been proposed as crucial components of photocatalytic composites, facilitating separation and recovery of photocatalysts under magnetic field conditions. This review paper presents the current state of knowledge on the application of spinel and hexagonal ferrites in heterogeneous photocatalysis. The first part focuses on the characterization of magnetic (nano)particles. The next section presents the literature findings on the single-phase magnetic photocatalyst. Finally, the current state of scientific knowledge on the wide variety of magnetic-photocatalytic composites is presented. A key aim of this review is to indicate that spinel and hexagonal ferrites are considered as an important element of heterogeneous photocatalytic systems and are responsible for the effective recycling of the photocatalytic materials.
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4

Rocha Segundo, Freitas, Landi Jr., Costa, and Carneiro. "Smart, Photocatalytic and Self-Cleaning Asphalt Mixtures: A Literature Review." Coatings 9, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110696.

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Nowadays, there is increasing concern in transportation engineering about the use of techniques less harmful to the environment and also about road safety. Heterogeneous photocatalysis based on the application of semiconductor materials onto asphalt mixtures is a promising technology because it can mitigate air pollution and road accidents. The functionalized asphalt mixtures with photocatalytic capability can degrade pollutants, such as damaging gases and oil/grease adsorbed on their surface, from specific reactions triggered by sunlight photons, providing significant environmental and social benefits. In this article, a review of photocatalysis applied in asphalt mixtures is presented. The most important characteristics related to the functionalization of asphalt mixtures for photocatalytic applications and their corresponding characterization are presented, and the achieved main results are also discussed.
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5

Singh, Vishvendra Pratap, Rahul Vaish, and El Sayed Yousef. "A Review on Cement-Based Composites for Removal of Organic/Heavy Metal Contaminants from Water." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111398.

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Building materials are traditionally known for their mechanical and structural properties. As environmental pollution has risen as a huge global issue, functional building materials with environmental remediation capabilities are the demand for the present time. In this context, cement and concrete with photocatalytic and adsorbent additives were explored for air and water remediation. The usage of functional building materials for self-cleaning and air cleaning is well documented and reviewed in earlier reports. This article gives an overview of the functional building material composites used for water remediation. Numerous different approaches, such as photocatalysis, adsorption, and antimicrobial disinfection, are discussed. Among all, photocatalysis for the degradation of organic compounds and antimicrobial effect has been the most studied method, with TiO2 being the first choice for a photocatalyst. Furthermore, some reports illustrate the impact of photocatalytic filler on hydration and mechanical properties, which is important in case these are used in construction. Adsorption was most preferred for heavy metal removal from the water. This article rationalizes the current status and future scope of cement-based functional composites for water cleaning and discusses their use in water cleaning facilities or regular construction.
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6

Lavrenčič Štangar, Urška, Marko Kete, Urh Černigoj, and Vilma Ducman. "Testing of Photocatalytic Activity of Self-Cleaning Surfaces." Advances in Science and Technology 68 (October 2010): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.68.126.

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Due to relatively successful application of TiO2 photocatalysis in the field of self-cleaning surfaces, a reliable and appropriate quantitative method for determining the self-cleaning efficiency of the products (photocatalyst films on different supports) should be widely recognized and established. Currently, the two standard methods are based on photobleaching of methylene blue aqueous solution in contact with thin solid catalyst layer, and on photodegradation of a solid fatty deposit (e.g. stearic acid) over catalyst layer followed indirectly by water contact angle (CA) measurements. Another method proposed recently is based on the entrapment of an organic dye in a solid polymer matrix deposited over the photocatalyst layer. Upon illumination, the dye (e.g. resazurin) is reduced by the photogenerated electrons to the form of a different colour or to the bleached form. Recently, a new method for determination of self-cleaning activity of photocatalytic surfaces was developed in our laboratory. It is based on the deposition of a transparent solid layer comprising terephthalic acid over the photocatalytic surface. When such a system is irradiated, among the other degradation products also a hydroxyterephthalic acid is formed due to a reaction between photoexcited TiO2 and terephthalic acid. Hydroxyterephthalic acid is a highly fluorescent molecule and can be easily detected by HPLC-FLD or spectrofluorimeter. Many different samples were tested using this method and using the standard method based on photodegradation of a solid fatty deposit over the catalyst layer. Regarding the sample (substrate) type, the focus was given to the self-cleaning ceramic tiles coated with TiO2-SiO2 thin films that were produced in cooperation with the major manufacturer of floor ceramic tiles in Slovenia, Martex d.o.o.. In case of self-cleaning ceramics and some other sample types, the advantages of the new method over standard methods were highlighted and critically evaluated.
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7

Liu, Hong Quan, Fang Lian, Lin Zhang, and Meng Liu. "Photocatalysis Property of Titania-Based Thin Films with Covalent Grafting PANi as Sensitizer." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.470.

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Polyaniline sensitized titania thin film were fabricated by spin-coating from Ti-precursor containing PEG as surfactant via a sol-gel technique, in which titania-sol was synthesized by hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate in water-alcohol solution. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravity-differential scanning calorimetry, and tested under self-made photocatalysis instrument. The results showed the synthesized porous films provided the active surfaces for self-polymerization of aniline. Compared with bare TiO2 thin films, the composite films displayed a enhanced photocatalytic activity and could be the potential photocatalyst for indoor air decontamination or self-cleaning films.
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8

Lavrenčič Štangar, Urška, Minoo Tasbihi, Fernando Fresno, Marko Kete, Alberto Gasparotto, Chiara Maccato, and Davide Barreca. "Self-Cleaning and Anti-Fogging Surfaces Based on Nanostructured Metal Oxides." Advances in Science and Technology 91 (October 2014): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.91.39.

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Self-cleaning and anti-fogging technology is already used in a variety of the products today, among which glazing products prevail. Their function is based on the two principles, either hydrophobic (Lotus effect) or photocatalytic hydrophilic principle. In the latter case, self-cleaning action is based on the combination of photocatalysis and photoinduced superhydrophilicity, where dirt removal by uniform spreading of water over the whole surface is improved with photocatalytic decomposition of organic contaminants. There is a big room to play and a huge potential to improve the properties of existing self-cleaning and anti-fogging surfaces by designing and tailoring new nanoarchitectures of the light-activated thin films. In this lecture we report about the latest achievements and relevance of nanostructured metal oxide surfaces for specific application in photocatalytic self-cleaning. The emphasis is given to the preparation and structure-property relationship of nanocomposite materials based on TiO2 (TiO2-SiO2) and ZnO (ZnO/Co3O4). The emphasis is given also to determination of photocatalytic self-cleaning activity by quantitative and sensitive methods such as fluorescence detection of the first degradation product of terephthalic acid.
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9

TISMANAR, IOANA, and ANCA DUTA. "Vis-active photocatalytic composite thin films for advanced wastewater treatment." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 7, no. 2 (June 14, 2022): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2022.7.2.193.

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Conventional wastewater treatment processes are preparing the water for discharge thus it still contains small amounts of pollutants. For re-use, advanced wastewater treatment is required and heterogeneous photocatalysis represent a viable path for removing organic pollutants at very low concentrations but still above the discharge limit. The mostly investigated photocatalyst is TiO2 that is a wide band gap semiconductor that can be activated only using UV radiation. However, for large-scale implementation of advanced wastewater treatment, there are required efficient and affordable processes, thus Vis- or solar-activated photocatalysts. Attempts on extending the photocatalytic response towards Vis are under intensive research including the development of composite structures with TiO2 matrix and various fillers that are discussed through this paper. The latest results involving carbon-based fillers are presented along with the extended use of the composites acting also as self-cleaning coatings.
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10

Ding, Jun. "Preparation of TiO2 Photocatalysis Antibacterial Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 575-576 (September 2013): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.575-576.302.

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Among various inorganic antibacterial materials, TiO2 photocatalysis antibacterial materials possess unique properties including long lifespan, nontoxicity, high temperature resistance as well as high physical and chemical stability. More significantly, they are largely involved in many photocatalytic effects such as degradation of organics, purification of air, sewage disposal and self-cleaning.
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11

Castro-Hoyos, Angélica María, Manuel Alejandro Rojas Manzano, and Aníbal Maury-Ramírez. "Challenges and Opportunities of Using Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis on Cement-Based Materials." Coatings 12, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070968.

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Since the early seventies with the work of Akira Fujishima on photocatalytic and superhydrophilic properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2), also known as the Honda–Fujishima effect, photocatalysis has been investigated and progressively implemented in cement-based materials towards the development of self-cleaning, air-purifying and antiseptic materials, buildings and infrastructure. Although important achievements have been obtained at the laboratory scale, their real scale application has had some limitations mainly due to the low efficiencies obtained during adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, this article presents the challenges and opportunities of using of titanium dioxide in cement-based materials towards the development of truly efficient sustainable building materials. First, TiO2 photocatalysis and its incorporation in cementitious materials are presented. Second, self-cleaning, air-purifying and antimicrobial properties are discussed in terms of the lab and pilot project results. Third, conclusions regarding the different multifunctional properties are given towards the real application of TiO2 photocatalysis. Particularly, complementary technologies and strategies are presented in order to increase the above-mentioned multifunctional properties.
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12

Tian, Shuang, Yuxiao Feng, Ziye Zheng, and Zuoli He. "TiO2-Based Photocatalytic Coatings on Glass Substrates for Environmental Applications." Coatings 13, no. 8 (August 21, 2023): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081472.

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To address environmental pollution and energy shortage issues, titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based photocatalysts, as an efficient pollution removal and fuel production technology, have been widely used in the field of photocatalysis. In practical applications, TiO2-based photocatalysts are usually prepared on various substrates to realize the separation of the catalyst from water and improve photocatalytic stability. Herein, the research progress of TiO2-based heterogeneous photocatalytic coatings deposited on glass substrates with various deposition techniques is reviewed. Such TiO2-based composite coatings obtained using different techniques showed excellent self-cleaning, pollution removal, air purification, and antibiosis performance. The various deposition techniques used for the preparation of TiO2 coatings, such as wet chemical deposition (WCD), electrodeposition, physical vapor deposition (PVD), and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were discussed together with photocatalytic applications by highlighting the typical literature. Finally, the challenges and prospects of developing TiO2-based heterogeneous coatings were put forward.
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13

Zhu, Hai, Lizhen Wu, Xiang Meng, Yongqian Wang, Yu Huang, Meihua Lin, and Fan Xia. "An anti-UV superhydrophobic material with photocatalysis, self-cleaning, self-healing and oil/water separation functions." Nanoscale 12, no. 21 (2020): 11455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr01038c.

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14

Ünal, Serdal, and Mehmet Canbaz. "Effect of industrial wastes on self-cleaning properties of concrete containing anatase-TiO2." Revista de la construcción 21, no. 3 (2022): 493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.21.3.493.

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Concrete decomposing the organic compounds on because of natural or anthropogenic contaminating sources with photocatalysis existing in its structure is called self-cleaning concrete. In this study, the self-cleaning concrete with industrial waste has been searched from the point of mechanical and physical characteristics. Fly ash, blast furnace slag and sepiolite materials has been used as industrial waste in concrete. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been used as photocatalysis material. Specimens with the dimensions 15×15×15 cm were produced using 0 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 % industrial wastes and 0 %, 1 %, 3 %, 5 % TiO2 by weight instead of cement. Compressive strength, unit weight, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were performed on the specimens after 28 days standard cure. Rhodamine-B test in Italian UNI 11259 standard and additional Phenantroquinone test have been performed as self-cleaning test. XRF test also has been made on some of the samples for the chemical analysis. The best photocatalysis performance has showed in the concrete including 5 % TiO2. Test results show that 10 % use of industrial wastes in self-cleaning concrete production is recommended from the point of economic and environmental benefits
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15

Liao, Hung-Chou, Sheng-Min Yu, Wen-Ching Sun, Wan-Ying Chou, Shou-Yi Ho, Tzu-Yu Wang, Wei-Jen Lu, and Li-Fang Lu. "Antireflective and Self-Cleaning Properties of SiO2-MgF2/TiO2 Double-Layer Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method at Low Calcination Temperature." MRS Advances 2, no. 14 (2017): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.110.

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ABSTRACTSiO2-MgF2/TiO2 double-layer films with antireflective, self-cleaning and adherent properties were prepared by spin-coating SiO2-MgF2 and TiO2 sol on glass substrate successively and subsequently being calcined at 250°C. The optical and structural properties of films have been investigated by visible spectrophotometer and field emission scanning electron microscope, respectively. At the same time, self-cleaning property generated from superhydrophilicity and photocatalysis was obtained. The results indicated that the as-prepared SiO2-MgF2/TiO2 double-layer films show a maximum increase in transmittance near 520 nm wavelength of 2.8% and photocatalytic property with the R value of 4.7(JIS R 1703–2).It has been demonstrated that high transmittance, self-cleaning and adherent composite has been obtained by a simple sol–gel route presenting good potential to be applied on photovoltaics systems.
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16

Liu, Hui, Yawei Feng, Jiajia Shao, Yao Chen, Zhong Lin Wang, Hexing Li, Xiangyu Chen, and Zhenfeng Bian. "Self-cleaning triboelectric nanogenerator based on TiO2 photocatalysis." Nano Energy 70 (April 2020): 104499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104499.

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17

Balajka, Jan, Melissa A. Hines, William J. I. DeBenedetti, Mojmir Komora, Jiri Pavelec, Michael Schmid, and Ulrike Diebold. "High-affinity adsorption leads to molecularly ordered interfaces on TiO2 in air and solution." Science 361, no. 6404 (August 23, 2018): 786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6752.

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Researchers around the world have observed the formation of molecularly ordered structures of unknown origin on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts exposed to air and solution. Using a combination of atomic-scale microscopy and spectroscopy, we show that TiO2 selectively adsorbs atmospheric carboxylic acids that are typically present in parts-per-billion concentrations while effectively repelling other adsorbates, such as alcohols, that are present in much higher concentrations. The high affinity of the surface for carboxylic acids is attributed to their bidentate binding. These self-assembled monolayers have the unusual property of being both hydrophobic and highly water-soluble, which may contribute to the self-cleaning properties of TiO2. This finding is relevant to TiO2 photocatalysis, because the self-assembled carboxylate monolayers block the undercoordinated surface cation sites typically implicated in photocatalysis.
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18

Yakovlev, Grigory Ivanovich, Zarina Saidova, Iuliia Ginchitskaia, Natalia Kuzmina, Diana Trofimova, Аleksandr F. Buryanov, and Ali E. M. M. Elrefaei. "Dry Mix for Facade Self-Cleaning Silicate Paint." Materials Science Forum 1089 (May 26, 2023): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-23p5x9.

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This paper presents the results of a study on one-component dry mix used for the preparation of silicate-based facade paint with self-cleaning properties. The advantages of the developed composition include the ease of the mix preparation and application, increased adhesion of the coating to the base, and improved aesthetic qualities of the coating provided by its ability to self-clean due to the addition of nanotitanium dioxide, which enhances photocatalysis. In the course of the research work, the optimal quantitative content of the main components and functional additives was established. Studies of the facade paint microstructure were carried out. Infrared spectral and differential thermal analysis of the composition confirmed the significant weather resistance of the facade paint, which is ensured by deep carbonization of the constituent components with their transformation into calcium carbonates, characterized by increased water resistance and chemical stability. Key words: facade coating, silicate paint, self-cleaning, photocatalysis, microstructure
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19

Hamdany, Abdul Halim, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Dichuan Zhang, Yongmin Kim, and Jong R. Kim. "Photocatalytic Cementitious Material for Eco-Efficient Construction—A Systematic Literature Review." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 8741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178741.

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Photoinduced processes governed by light activated TiO2 have been studied in many ways. One of the most active areas is the development of TiO2 photocatalysis technologies on their application for reducing environmental impacts. The immobilization of TiO2 on solid support, such as cementitious materials, greatly enhances its use in practical applications. In this review, a wide range of applications for achieving eco-efficient building using cementitious composite materials containing TiO2 photocatalyst was presented. The basic mechanism of photocatalysis, such as electron excitation, charge transfer process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and its role to oxidize the pollutant and microorganisms were extensively discussed. Unlike self-cleaning and air purification systems, the study on the antibacterial function of a cement-based surface containing TiO2 is very limited. In photocatalytic cementitious materials, the key element affecting the photocatalytic performance is the accessible active surface area. However, microstructure of cementitious materials changes with age due to hydration and surface carbonation. Hence, surface area reduction and mass transfer limitation become the main drawbacks of incorporating TiO2 in cementitious materials. This review, therefore, provides the state of the art in photocatalytic cement-based composite materials and identifies the areas in which future improvement is needed.
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20

Chang, Ling Yu, Rui Ting Huo, and Ping Yang. "The Study of Surface Treatment with TiO2 for PVC Coated Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.64.

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PVC coated fabric has poor self-cleaning property. The surface treatment with TiO2 can improve the self-cleaning property of PVC coated fabric by photocatalysis. The surface treatment agent used in this experiment contains nano TiO2 power and PVDF. The treatment of coupling agent can improve the surface properties of nano TiO2 power and the performance of the surface treatment agent. The effects of coupling agent on the modification of nano TiO2 power and the surface morphology of the treated PVC coated fabric were researched by IR and SEM respectively. The photocatalysis of the top layer on the treated PVC coated fabric was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange dye.
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21

Afzal, Shabana, Walid A. Daoud, and Steven J. Langford. "Self-cleaning cotton by porphyrin-sensitized visible-light photocatalysis." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 9 (2012): 4083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm15146d.

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22

Afzal, Shabana, Walid A. Daoud, and Steven J. Langford. "Visible-light self-cleaning cotton by metalloporphyrin-sensitized photocatalysis." Applied Surface Science 275 (June 2013): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.01.141.

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23

Li, Lin, Zhaoyue Liu, Qianqian Zhang, Chenhui Meng, Tierui Zhang, and Jin Zhai. "Underwater superoleophobic porous membrane based on hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes: multifunctional integration of oil–water separation, flow-through photocatalysis and self-cleaning." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 3 (2015): 1279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta04699d.

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Superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic membranes based on hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes integrated the functions of oil–water separation, flow-through photocatalysis and self-cleaning.
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24

Rocha Segundo, Iran, Salmon Landi Jr, Cátia Afonso, Orlando Lima Jr, Elisabete Freitas, Verônica Castelo Branco, Manuel F. M. Costa, and Joaquim Carneiro. "Applied Optics in the Development of Smart Asphalt Mixtures." EPJ Web of Conferences 266 (2022): 13021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226613021.

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The functionalization of asphalt mixtures is carried out in order to provide new capabilities to the road pavements, with major social, environmental and financial benefits. Optical characterization techniques as well as optical processes like photocatalysis play a major role in the development of new asphalt mixtures with smart functions. These advanced capabilities which are being developed in asphalt mixtures are: photocatalytic, superhydrophobic, self-cleaning, de-icing/anti-ice, self-healing, thermochromic, and latent heat thermal energy storage. The main objective of this research work is to stress the importance of optics and photonics technologies giving an overview of advanced functionalized smart asphalt mixtures.
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Khurram, Rooha, Aroosa Javed, Ruihua Ke, Cheng Lena, and Zhan Wang. "Visible Light-Driven GO/TiO2-CA Nano-Photocatalytic Membranes: Assessment of Photocatalytic Response, Antifouling Character and Self-Cleaning Ability." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2021): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082021.

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Photocatalysis and membrane technology in a single unit is an ideal strategy for the development of wastewater treatment systems. In this work, novel GO (x wt%)/TiO2-CA hybrid membranes have been synthesized via a facile non-solvent induced phase inversion technique. The strategy aimed to address the following dilemmas: (1) Effective utilization of visible light and minimize e−/h+ recombination; (2) Enhanced separation capability and superior anti-fouling and self-cleaning ability. The experimental results reveal that the integration of nano-composite (GO/TiO2) boosts the membrane properties when compared to pristine CA and single photocatalyst employed membrane (GO-CA and TiO2-CA). The effect of GO content on the properties of the photocatalytic membrane has been determined by utilizing three different ratios of GO, viz. 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 2 wt% designated as NC(1)-CA, NC(2)-CA, and NC(3)-CA, respectively. Amongst them, NC(3)-CA membrane showed state-of-the-art performance with an elevated photocatalytic response (four times higher than pristine CA membrane) toward methyl orange. Moreover, the water flux of NC(3)-CA membrane is 613 L/m2h, approximately three times higher than bare CA membrane (297 L/m2h), while keeping the MO rejection high (96.6%). Besides, fouling experiments presented the lowest total and fouling resistance ratios and a higher flux recovery ratio (91.78%) for the NC(3)-CA membrane, which endows the membrane with higher anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties. Thus, NC(3)-CA membrane outperforms the other as synthesized membranes in terms of separation efficiency, visible light photo-degradation of pollutant, anti-fouling and self-cleaning ability. Therefore, NC(3)-CA membrane is considered as the next generation membrane for exhibiting great potential for the wastewater treatment applications.
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He, Chunyan, Jialin He, Sainan Cui, Xiujuan Fan, Shuanjian Li, Yaqi Yang, Xi Tan, et al. "Novel Effective Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning Coatings: TiO2-Polyfluoroalkoxy Coatings Prepared by Suspension Plasma Spraying." Nanomaterials 13, no. 24 (December 12, 2023): 3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13243123.

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Photocatalytic coatings can degrade volatile organic compounds into non-toxic products, which has drawn the attention of scholars around the world. However, the pollution of dust on the coating adversely affects the photocatalytic efficiency and service life of the coating. Here, a series of TiO2-polyfluoroalkoxy (PFA) coatings with different contents of PFA were fabricated by suspension plasma spraying technology. The results demonstrate that the hybrid coatings contain a large number of circular and ellipsoidal nanoparticles and a porous micron-nano structure due to the inclusion of PFA. According to the optimized thermal spraying process parameters, TiO2 nanoparticles were partially melted to retain most of the anatase phases, whereas PFA did not undergo significant carbonization. As compared to the TiO2 coating, the static contact angle of the composite coating doped with 25 wt.% PFA increased from 28.2° to 134.1°. In addition, PFA strongly adsorbs methylene blue, resulting in a greater involvement of methylene blue molecules in the catalyst, where the catalytic rate of hybrid coatings is up to 95%. The presented nanocomposite coatings possess excellent photocatalytic and self-cleaning properties and are expected to find wider practical applications in the field of photocatalysis.
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Toloman, Dana, Maria Stefan, Sergiu Macavei, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran, and Adriana Popa. "Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning PVDF Membrane Blended with MWCNT-ZnO Nanocomposites for RhB Removal." Coatings 13, no. 3 (March 10, 2023): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030594.

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Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes blended with various amounts of MWCNT-ZnO (0.1%–3%) nanocomposites were prepared by the phase inversion method. The effect of nanocomposites blending on the membrane structural and morphological properties was investigated by XRD, FT-IR and SEM techniques. Contact angle measurement reveals that the hydrophilicity of the membrane increases with the increase of nanocomposite content; a reduction of the contact angle from 103° for PVDF to 49° for hybrid membrane was obtained. An optimum amount of 0.5% of MWCNT-ZnO blended in a PVDF hybrid membrane assured 85% removal rate of RbB under UV light irradiation. It was observed that the pollutant removal occurs through the simultaneous action of two processes: adsorption and photocatalysis. By blending with MWCNT-ZnO nanoparticles, the PVDF membrane acquires photocatalytic properties which assure a self-cleaning property in the membrane, increasing its lifetime.
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Wawrzyniak, Beata, Antoni Waldemar Morawski, and Beata Tryba. "Preparation of TiO2-nitrogen-doped photocatalyst active under visible light." International Journal of Photoenergy 2006 (2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijp/2006/68248.

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This study examined the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and azo dyes such as Reactive Red 198 and Direct Green 99 by photocatalysis over amorphous hydrated titanium dioxide (TiO2· H2O) obtained directly from the sulphate technology installation modified in gaseous ammonia atmosphere. The photocatalysts were used in the solution and coated on the glass plate after sandblasting. The highest rate of phenol degradation in the solution was obtained for catalysts calcinated at 700°C (6.5% wt.), and the highest rate of dye decolorization was found for catalysts calcinated at 500°C and 600°C (ca. 40%–45%). Some TOC measurements of dye solutions were performed to check the rate of mineralization. On the glass plate, the decomposition of DG99 on TiO2/N 500 contrary to TiO2-P25 proceeded completely after 120 hours of visible light irradiation. The prolongation of the time of irradiation did not enhance DG99 degradation on TiO2-P25. The decomposition of the Direct Green 99 on TiO2/N 500 coated on the glass plate covered with liquid glass took place up to 24 hours of irradiation. The liquid layer on the glass plate which was covered with the photocatalyst reduced its activity. The nitrogen doping during calcinations under ammonia atmosphere is a new way of obtaining a photocatalyst which could have a practical application in water treatment system under broadened solar light spectrum as well as self-cleaning coatings.
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Kumar, Pavan, Ujwal Shreenag Meda, Sachin K C, and Radhakrishna . "Photocatalytic Cementitious Materials to Reduce Air Pollution: Review." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 4863–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.4863ecst.

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Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are highly reactive and major air pollutants generated from the vehicular emission and burning of fossil fuels in industries. These pollutants will create tropospheric ozone, formation of urban smog and occurrence of acid rain, etc. A potential solution for this would be heterogeneous photocatalysis. Using photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) inorganic and organic matter present in the air, such as NOx and VOCs can be adsorbed and oxidized by the action of ultraviolet (UV) light (sunlight). This technology is promising for cities with highly congested areas having high ground-level pollutant concentrations. Self-cleaning and air-purification coating with a super-hydrophilic photocatalyst (TiO2) coated on buildings can bring down the NOx concentration in the air. In addition, the incorporation of TiO2 in the form of nano-particles into cementitious materials will enhance their mechanical properties. This study evaluates and highlights the applications of nano titanium dioxide and its effects on the fresh and hardened characteristics of the cementitious composites.
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Ma, Jun, Boyou Wang, Zhe Gong, Xiande Yang, and Yongqian Wang. "Morphology-controllable synthesis and application of TiO2 nanotube arrays with “photocatalysis and self-cleaning” synergism." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 15 (2020): 5774–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj00743a.

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Bengtsson, N., and M. Castellote. "Heterogeneous photocatalysis on construction materials: effect of catalyst properties on the efficiency for degrading NOx and self cleaning." Materiales de Construcción 64, no. 314 (March 11, 2014): e013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2014.06713.

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Lucas, S. S., and J. L. Barroso de Aguiar. "Multifunctional wall coating combining photocatalysis, self-cleaning and latent heat storage." Materials Research Express 5, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 025702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aaa82f.

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Banerjee, Swagata, Dionysios D. Dionysiou, and Suresh C. Pillai. "Self-cleaning applications of TiO2 by photo-induced hydrophilicity and photocatalysis." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 176-177 (October 2015): 396–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.03.058.

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Chaturvedi, Shalini, and Pragnesh N. Dave. "Environmental Application of Photocatalysis." Materials Science Forum 734 (December 2012): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.734.273.

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Recent interest and studies in environmental photo-chemistry, in natural photosynthesis, and chemical methods for solar energy transformations has contributed greatly to our knowledge and understanding of the various phenomena related to both photo-chemistry and catalysis. As an emerging nanotechnology come together with the chemical mechanisms of photo-catalysis, the photo-catalytic nanoparticle titanium dioxide offers a new meaning of remediation and degradation on volatile organic compounds in the aqueous and airs streams. In this chapter we discuss about application of photocatalysis in environment like biological contamination, air purification, water disinfection, hazardous waste remediation, water purification, self-clean buildings, deodorizing, anti-bacterial action, anti-fogging resolving cleaning action etc.
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Salvadores, Federico, Orlando Mario Alfano, and María de los Milagros Ballari. "ASSESSMENT OF THE INDOOR AIR PURIFICATION BY PHOTOCATALYTIC PAINTS." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 50, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2020.352.

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Photocatalytic building materials containing TiO2 were extensively studied for outdoor applications using solar radiation. Nowadays, the market offers a wide variety of these materials with self-cleaning and air purification functionalities. However, heterogeneous photocatalysis applied in indoor construction materials was less developed. The objective of this work is to investigate the photocatalytic performance of carbon doped TiO2 in replacement of the normal pigments in indoor wall paint formulations. To achieve this goal, the photocatalytic oxidation of acetaldehyde in gas phase was carried out. The air decontamination process was conducted using regular indoor light in a bench scale chamber photoreactor simulating a room. The main environmental conditions that affect the photocatalytic process were varied: air flow rate, irradiance, relative humidity and acetaldehyde concentration. The results were analyzed through the response surface methodology and revealed the air purifying power of photocatalytic paints under indoor conditions.
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Hamidi, Fatemeh, and Farhad Aslani. "TiO2-based Photocatalytic Cementitious Composites: Materials, Properties, Influential Parameters, and Assessment Techniques." Nanomaterials 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101444.

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Applications of heterogeneous photocatalytic processes based on semiconductor particles in cement-based materials have received great attention in recent years in enhancing the aesthetic durability of buildings and reducing global environmental pollution. Amongst all, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most widely used semiconductor particle in structural materials with photocatalytic activity because of its low cost, chemically stable nature, and absence of toxicity. Utilization of TiO2 in combination with cement-based materials would plunge the concentration of urban pollutants such as NOx. In fact, cementitious composites containing TiO2 have already found applications in self-cleaning buildings, antimicrobial surfaces, and air-purifying structures. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review on TiO2-based photocatalysis cement technology, its practical applications, and research gaps for further progression of cementitious materials with photocatalytic activity.
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Folli, Andrea, Claus Pade, Tommy Bæk Hansen, Tiziana De Marco, and Donald E. Macphee. "TiO2 photocatalysis in cementitious systems: Insights into self-cleaning and depollution chemistry." Cement and Concrete Research 42, no. 3 (March 2012): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.12.001.

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Wang, Jun, Mitang Wang, Yingliang Tian, and Wei Deng. "A Review on Photocatalytic Glass Ceramics: Fundamentals, Preparation, Performance Enhancement and Future Development." Catalysts 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12101235.

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Photocatalytic technology is considered as one of the most attractive and promising technologies to directly harvest, convert and store renewable solar energy for generating sustainable and green energy and a broad range of environmental applications. However, the use of a photocatalyst in powder or coating forms restricts its applications due to its disadvantages, such as difficulty in recovery of nano-powder, secondary pollution, low adhesion between photocatalytic coating and substrate material, short service life of photocatalytic film and so on. The investigation and application of photocatalytic glass-ceramics (PGCs) in water purification, bacterial disinfection, self-cleaning and hydrogen evolution have received extensive attention due to their inherent advantages of low cost, easy fabrication, transparency, chemical and mechanical stability. Real-time solutions to energy shortage and environmental pollution faced by the development of human society can be provided by rationally designing the chemical composition and preparation methods of glass ceramics (GCs). This review introduces the concept and crystallization mechanism of PGCs and expounds on the basic mechanism of photocatalysis. Then, the key point difficulties of GCs’ design are discussed, mainly including the methods of obtaining transparency and controlling crystallization technologies. Different modification strategies to achieve better photocatalytic activity are highlighted. Finally, we look forward to further in-depth exploration and research on more efficient PGCs suitable for various applications.
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Cassar, Luigi. "Photocatalysis of Cementitious Materials: Clean Buildings and Clean Air." MRS Bulletin 29, no. 5 (May 2004): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.99.

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AbstractWhile the primary function of concrete is structural, its pervasiveness in our society lends it to other functions and creates the need for it to maintain its integrity and aesthetic quality. Therefore, concrete with added functionality–for example, self-cleaning characteristics and the ability to remove pollutants–is desirable. Heterogeneous photocatalysis (e.g., gas–solid or liquid–solid catalytic processes caused by light irradiation) by semiconductor particles or coatings has now reached a high level of development and is a promising technology for the reduction of global environmental pollutants. Among the various semiconductor materials, TiO2 in the form of anatase has attracted wide interest, due to its strong oxidizing power under near-UV radiation, its chemical stability when exposed to acidic and basic compounds, its chemical inertness in the absence of UV light, and the absence of toxicity. TiO2 has proved very effective in the reduction of pollutants such as NOx, aromatics, ammonia, and aldehydes. Surprisingly, the use of TiO2 in combination with cementitious materials has shown a favorable synergistic effect in the reduction of pollutants. These new materials have already found relevant applications in self-cleaning building walls and in the reduction of urban pollutants.
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Riaz, Nadia, Muhammad Saqib Khan, Muhammad Bilal, Sami Ullah, and Abdullah G. Al‐Sehemi. "Photocatalytic Inactivation of Bioaerosols: A Short Review on Emerging Technologies." Current Analytical Chemistry 17, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411016999200729115254.

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Background: Formation of the microbial colonies in the wet and damp environment affects the indoor air quality thus posing severe threats to human health. Health problems or Building- associated illness (any disease or infection) caused by being in a closed space or building are generally separated into two categories including building-related illness (BRI) and sick building syndrome (SBS). Considered by Pathognomy research, that biological pollutants or bioaerosols (bacteria, fungi and viruses like coronavirus), are the significant inducement for “sick building syndrome (SBS)” associated with a group of mucosal, skin, and general symptoms, characterized by tiredness; headaches; irritation of skin, nose, eyes, throat and mucous membranes, most prevalent in buildings like residential and occupational like offices, schools, hotels and hospitals. Methods: Currently outdoor air purging, UV light activated air filters, chemical treatment like ozonation and oxidation, are used for the improvement of indoor air quality but these treatment techniques not only produce secondary biological pollutants but are also costly and not effective for a variety of microorganisms. In recent years, nanomaterials in the area of heterogeneous photocatalysis have gained much attention because of their enhanced physicochemical properties including particle size, surface area, dopant dispersion and interaction with the support (Titanium). Results: Heterogeneous photocatalysis systems have been reported to produce self-cleaning materials and to solve a range of environmental problems like air and water detoxification. Among various heterogeneous photocatalysts, TiO2 gained much attention due to its non-toxic nature, high stability, excellent photocatalytic ability, self-cleaning and antibacterial properties and most of all low cost and commercial availability. It is among the basic materials being used in various commercial products like as white pigment in paints for building coating. The antibacterial properties are associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of a light source. Conclusion: Some of the reported TiO2 nanomaterials-based air-filters and building coatings are reported with the major drawbacks like lower surface area, inactivation in the absence of light (dark) and activation only under UV light irradiation. Thus, the requirement for cost effective, safer and energy efficient materials is the need of the day.
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Wang, Xuan, Hao Ding, Sijia Sun, Han Zhang, Run Zhou, Yangzi Li, Jie Wang, and Weihua Ao. "Tunable Adhesive Self-Cleaning Coating with Superhydrophobicity and Photocatalytic Activity." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061486.

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Superhydrophobic coatings with intelligent properties have attracted much attention because of their wide application in many fields. However, there is a limited amount of literature on superhydrophobic coatings whose wettability and adhesion can be adjusted by UV irradiation and calcination at the same time. In this study, amorphous SiO2 microspheres (A-SiO2) and nano-TiO2 particles (N-TiO2) were used to fabricate A-SiO2/N-TiO2 composites by wet grinding, and then, they were modified with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and sprayed onto substrate surfaces to obtain a tunable adhesive superhydrophobic A-SiO2/N-TiO2@PDMS coating. It is worth noting that the wettability and adhesion of the coating to water droplets could be adjusted by UV irradiation and calcination. The mechanisms of the aforementioned phenomena were studied. Moreover, methyl orange solution could be degraded by the coating due to its photocatalysis. The as-prepared coating had good adaptation to different substrates and outdoor environments. Moreover, the surfaces of these coatings exhibited the same liquid repellency towards different droplets. This research provides an environmental strategy to prepare advanced self-cleaning coatings.
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Bersch, Jéssica D., Inês Flores-Colen, Angela B. Masuero, and Denise C. C. Dal Molin. "Photocatalytic TiO2-Based Coatings for Mortars on Facades: A Review of Efficiency, Durability, and Sustainability." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010186.

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Due to the urgent need for a more sustainable built environment and actions against climate change, this paper presents a literature review about photocatalytic TiO2-based thin layers to be applied on mortars in facades. Photocatalysis may be a potential strategy against current environmental and climate challenges by transforming or eliminating hazardous greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The main subjects researched were the coatings’ efficiency (which encompassed their self-cleaning ability, depolluting effect, and antimicrobial properties), durability, and sustainability. The method was based on the systematic literature review approach. Self-cleaning ability was the most recurrent topic retrieved from published studies, followed by depolluting effect and durability. There are few investigations about antimicrobial properties considering TiO2-coated mortars in facades. However, sustainability studies through Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing represented the most significant gap, even requiring broader surveys. The photocatalytic activity of the coatings is well-proven in the literature, although specific evaluations may be needed for each coating composition and testing condition to understand their performance. The type of contamination agents, TiO2 dispersion and characteristics, dopants, nanocomposites, and substrate are among the principal agents influencing the results; therefore, caution must be taken when comparing research. Mainly, adhesion and photocatalytic efficiency after ageing were studied on durability. More field exposures may be recommended. Regarding the trade-offs concerning the environmental impacts of TiO2-based coatings, it is urgent to clarify whether their overall outcome is indeed advantageous and to investigate their resilience regarding climate change scenarios.
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Upadhaya, Diliraj, and Debarun Dhar Purkayastha. "Self-cleaning activity of CuO/ZnO heterostructure: A synergy of photocatalysis and hydrophilicity." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 132 (March 2022): 104216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104216.

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Naufal, Binu, Sanjay Gopal Ullattil, and Pradeepan Periyat. "A dual function nanocrystalline TiO2 platform for solar photocatalysis and self cleaning application." Solar Energy 155 (October 2017): 1380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.005.

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45

Fan, Yunde, Ji Zhou, Jin Zhang, Yaqin Lou, Zhenwu Huang, Yong Ye, Li Jia, and Bin Tang. "Photocatalysis and self-cleaning from g-C3N4 coated cotton fabrics under sunlight irradiation." Chemical Physics Letters 699 (May 2018): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2018.03.048.

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Gutarowska, Beata, Edyta Matyjas-Zgondek, Piotr Kulpiński, Marta Mroczyńska-Florczak, and Eugeniusz Rutkowski. "Long-Lasting Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Activity of Cotton Towels Modified with TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080952.

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This study aimed to evaluate the durability of the photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs)-modified 100% cotton terry textiles. SEM-EDX confirmed the long-lasting durability of the washing materials, and TGA analysis revealed that ZnO and TiO2 NPs can be found on the terry fabric surface; however, the amount of NPs decreased 10 times after 15 washes and 1.6 times after the subsequent 15 washes. The efficiency of self-cleaning properties and antimicrobial activity against five microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, and Bacillus subtilis NCAIM 01644) depended on UVA/B radiation intensity. The increase in UVA/B radiation intensity from 400 to 1400 µW/cm2 significantly increases the effectiveness of photocatalysis. Long-lasting self-cleaning properties characterised the tested fabric; however, stronger photocatalytic efficiency was observed in light with a greater intensity of UVA/B radiation. At the UVA/B radiation intensity of 1400 µW/cm2, a biocidal effect (R = 100%) against all tested microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus. B. subtilis, C. albicans, and A. niger) was observed on the surface of materials. The lower UVA/B radiation intensity (400 µW/cm2) and 30 wash cycles reduce the antimicrobial activity of the material (R = 65.4–99.4%) for B. subtilis, C. albicans, and A. niger. The antimicrobial activity of washed materials modified with TiO2/ZnO nanoparticles can be increased by irradiation with a light bulb (1400 µW/cm2).
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Miki-Yoshida, M., F. Paraguay D, and W. Antunez. "Microstructural Characterization of Thin Films TiO2 Deposited Inside a Tubing by Spray Pyrolysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600028130.

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The traditional application of titanium dioxide was as a white pigment; later, it was discovered their photocatalytic properties as an anode for the photo-oxidation of water. Furthermore, titanium dioxide films are now widely used in catalysis and photocatalysis because of low cost and other advantageous properties. For example, they have been used for decomposition of organic contaminants in air and water. Moreover, recent studies have reported bactericidal and detoxification effects of TiO2 thin films . It has been shown that TiO2- coated materials possess deodorizing, antibacterial, and self-cleaning functions under weak ultraviolet light. Titanium dioxide films can be prepared by many deposition techniques. One of them is the spray pyrolysis (SP) technique which is a low cost, simple to manipulate, and applicable to large-scale areas (final). Photocatalytic TiO2-covered tubing can be used to decompose organic contaminants and/or to sterilize microbial cells in air or water flows , using solar panel reactors or indoor panels irradiated with UV radiation.
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Zhu, Tianxue, Yan Cheng, Jianying Huang, Jiaqing Xiong, Mingzheng Ge, Jiajun Mao, Zekun Liu, Xiuli Dong, Zhong Chen, and Yuekun Lai. "A transparent superhydrophobic coating with mechanochemical robustness for anti-icing, photocatalysis and self-cleaning." Chemical Engineering Journal 399 (November 2020): 125746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125746.

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Qualharini, Eduardo Linhares, Carina Mariane Stolz, Matheus Martini, Eduardo Polesello, and Clara Rocha da Silva. "Self-Cleaning Mortar Façades with Addition of Anatase and Rutile Titanium Dioxide for Cool Façades." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041874.

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The concern with the best energy performance of buildings is a current theme, and construction materials that bring improvements to the performance of buildings and their surroundings are in demand. Façades play a crucial role in regulating the temperature within buildings by permitting or obstructing the transfer of heat and also affect the ambient temperature. Light-colored façades help maintain environments with milder temperatures, but pollution, rain, and other degrading agents darken the colors of the façades, reducing their capacity of sunlight reflection. In this scenario, the present study analyzed the addition of different types of titanium dioxide, anatase and rutile, in cement tiles for building façades, combining the ease and speed of assembly with the self-cleaning effects of photocatalysis. The 1 cm thick tiles were produced with a 1:3 mortar ratio (cement:sand/dry aggregate) with a 0.5 water:cement ratio and the addition of 0.3% polypropylene fiber. Different admixture levels (0%, 5%, and 10%) of rutile and anatase titanium dioxide were used. The samples were tested for flexural strength, absorption, permeability, and photocatalysis effect by observing the color change and surface characteristics of the boards using a spectrophotometer. In addition, the hygroscopicity was analyzed through a water drop, using a goniometer. The results obtained showed that cement tiles with 5% titanium dioxide, which influences the color variation of the tiles, meet the regulatory requirements for use in outside environments. Thus, these materials have the potential to be used as cool façades since, by keeping their color lighter, the materials can reflect sunlight, therefore keeping lower temperatures inside the building, and, consequently, minimizing the heat island effect.
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Wiśniewski, Marek, and Katarzyna Roszek. "Underestimated Properties of Nanosized Amorphous Titanium Dioxide." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052460.

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Titanium dioxide is one of the best described photosensitive materials used in photocatalysis, solar cells, self-cleaning coatings, and sunscreens. The scientific and industrial attention has been focused on the highly photoactive crystalline phase of titanium dioxide (TiO2). It is commonly accepted that the smaller TiO2 particles, the higher photoactivity they present. Therefore, titanium dioxide nanoparticles are massively produced and widely used in everyday products. The amorphous phase of titanium dioxide has been treated with neglect, as the lack of its photocatalytic properties is assumed in advance. In this work, the complex experimental proof of the UV-protective properties of the nano-sized amorphous TiO2 phase is reported. Amorphous n-TiO2 is characterized by photocatalytic inactivity and, as a consequence, low cytotoxicity to fibroblast cells. When exposed to UV radiation, cells with amorphous TiO2 better survive under stress conditions. Thus, we postulate that amorphous n-TiO2 will be more beneficial and completely safe for cosmetic applications. Moreover, the results from in situ FTIR studies let us correlate the low toxicity of amorphous samples with low ability to form hydroperoxo surface species.
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