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Journal articles on the topic 'Photo- electrochemical cell'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Chu, Li-Kang, Chun-Wan Yen, and Mostafa A. El-Sayed. "Bacteriorhodopsin-based photo-electrochemical cell." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26, no. 2 (October 15, 2010): 620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.07.013.

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2

Bedoya-Lora, Franky E., Anna Hankin, and Geoff H. Kelsall. "En route to a unified model for photo-electrochemical reactor optimisation. I - Photocurrent and H2 yield predictions." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 43 (2017): 22683–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta05125e.

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3

Ifraemov, Raya, Ran Shimoni, Wenhui He, Guiming Peng, and Idan Hod. "A metal–organic framework film with a switchable anodic and cathodic behaviour in a photo-electrochemical cell." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 7 (2019): 3046–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10483b.

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4

Amiry, C., P. Clechet, and J. R. Martin. "(Photo)electrochemical laminar flow cell with two reference electrodes." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 269, no. 2 (September 1989): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(89)85149-6.

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5

Jäker, Philipp, Dino Aegerter, Till Kyburz, Roman Städler, Rea Fonjallaz, Blanka Detlefs, and Dorota Koziej. "Flow cell for operando X-ray photon-in-photon-out studies on photo-electrochemical thin film devices." Open Research Europe 2 (June 7, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14433.1.

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Background: Photo-electro-chemical (PEC) water splitting represents a promising technology towards an artificial photosynthetic device but many fundamental electronic processes, which govern long-term stability and energetics, are not yet fully understood. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and particularly its high energy resolution fluorescence-detected (HERFD) mode, emerges as a powerful tool to study photo-excited charge carrier behavior under operating conditions. The established thin film device architecture of PEC cells provides a well-defined measurement geometry, but it puts many constraints on conducting operando XAS experiments. It remains a challenge to establish a standardized thin film exchange procedure and concurrently record high-quality photoelectrochemical and X‑ray absorption spectroscopy data that is unperturbed by bubble formation. Here we address and overcome these instrumental limitations for photoelectrochemical operando HERFD-XAS. Methods: We constructed a novel operando photo-electro-chemical cell by computer numerical control milling, guided by the materials’ X‑ray and visible light absorption properties to optimize signal detection. To test the cell’s functionality, semiconducting thin film photoelectrodes have been fabricated via solution deposition and their photoelectrochemical responses under simulated solar light were studied using a commercial potentiostat in a three-electrode configuration during HERFD-XAS experiments at a synchrotron. Results: We demonstrate the cell’s capabilities to measure and control potentiostatically and in open‑circuit, to detect X‑ray signals unperturbed by bubbles and to fluently exchange different thin film samples by collecting high-resolution Fe K-edge spectra of hematite (α -Fe2O3) and ferrite thin film (MFe2O4, M= Zn, Ni) photoelectrodes during water oxidation. Conclusions: Our cell establishes a measurement routine that will provide experimental access of photo-electro-chemical operando HERFD-XAS experiments to a broader scientific community, particularly due to the ease of sample exchange. We believe to enable a broad range of experiments which acquired fundamental insights will spur further photoelectrochemical research and commercialization of water splitting technologies

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6

Jäker, Philipp, Dino Aegerter, Till Kyburz, Roman Städler, Rea Fonjallaz, Blanka Detlefs, and Dorota Koziej. "Flow cell for operando X-ray photon-in-photon-out studies on photo-electrochemical thin film devices." Open Research Europe 2 (December 23, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14433.2.

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Background: Photo-electro-chemical (PEC) water splitting represents a promising technology towards an artificial photosynthetic device but many fundamental electronic processes, which govern long-term stability and energetics, are not yet fully understood. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and particularly its high energy resolution fluorescence-detected (HERFD) mode, emerges as a powerful tool to study photo-excited charge carrier behavior under operating conditions. The established thin film device architecture of PEC cells provides a well-defined measurement geometry, but it puts many constraints on conducting operando XAS experiments. It remains a challenge to establish a standardized thin film exchange procedure and concurrently record high-quality photoelectrochemical and X‑ray absorption spectroscopy data that is unperturbed by bubble formation. Here we address and overcome these instrumental limitations for photoelectrochemical operando HERFD-XAS. Methods: We constructed a novel operando photo-electro-chemical cell by computer numerical control milling, guided by the materials’ X‑ray and visible light absorption properties to optimize signal detection. To test the cell’s functionality, semiconducting thin film photoelectrodes have been fabricated via solution deposition and their photoelectrochemical responses under simulated solar light were studied using a commercial potentiostat in a three-electrode configuration during HERFD-XAS experiments at a synchrotron. Results: We demonstrate the cell’s capabilities to measure and control potentiostatically and in open‑circuit, to detect X‑ray signals unperturbed by bubbles and to fluently exchange different thin film samples by collecting high-resolution Fe K-edge spectra of hematite (α -Fe2O3) and ferrite thin film (MFe2O4, M= Zn, Ni) photoelectrodes during water oxidation. Conclusions: Our cell establishes a measurement routine that will provide experimental access of photo-electro-chemical operando HERFD-XAS experiments to a broader scientific community, particularly due to the ease of sample exchange. We believe to enable a broad range of experiments which acquired fundamental insights will spur further photoelectrochemical research and commercialization of water splitting technologies

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7

Cardenas-Morcoso, Drialys, Raya Ifraemov, Miguel García-Tecedor, Itamar Liberman, Sixto Gimenez, and Idan Hod. "A metal–organic framework converted catalyst that boosts photo-electrochemical water splitting." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 18 (2019): 11143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01559k.

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8

Walch, Gregor, Bernhard Rotter, Georg Christoph Brunauer, Esmaeil Esmaeili, Alexander Karl Opitz, Markus Kubicek, Johann Summhammer, Karl Ponweiser, and Jürgen Fleig. "A solid oxide photoelectrochemical cell with UV light-driven oxygen storage in mixed conducting electrodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 4 (2017): 1637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta08110j.

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9

Smandek, Bernhard, and Heinz Gerischer. "Photo- and electroluminescence on n-TiO2 in an electrochemical cell." Electrochimica Acta 34, no. 10 (October 1989): 1411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(89)87180-4.

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10

Ronaszegi, Krisztian, Eric S. Fraga, Jawwad Darr, Paul R. Shearing, and Dan J. L. Brett. "Application of Photo-Electrochemically Generated Hydrogen with Fuel Cell Based Micro-Combined Heat and Power: A Dynamic System Modelling Study." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010123.

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Photo-electrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation is a promising technology and alternative to photovoltaic (PV)-electrolyser combined systems. Since there are no commercially available PEC cells and very limited field trials, a computer simulation was used to assess the efficacy of the approach for different domestic applications. Three mathematical models were used to obtain a view on how PEC generated hydrogen is able to cover demands for a representative dwelling. The analysed home was grid-connected and used a fuel cell based micro-CHP (micro-combined heat and power) system. Case studies were carried out that considered four different photo-electrode technologies to capture a range of current and possible future device efficiencies. The aim for this paper was to evaluate the system performance such as efficiency, fuel consumption and CO2 reduction capability. At the device unit level, the focus was on photo-electrode technological aspects, such as the effect of band-gap energy represented by different photo-materials on productivity of hydrogen and its uncertainty caused by the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE), which is highly electrode preparation specific. The presented dynamic model allows analysis of the performance of a renewable energy source integrated household with variable loads, which will aid system design and decision-making.

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11

Kang, Phil Woong, Jinkyu Lim, Robert Haaring, and Hyunjoo Lee. "Photo-assisted electrochemical CO₂ reduction using a translucent thin film electrode." Chemical Communications 58, no. 12 (2022): 1918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc06940c.

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The photo-assisted CO2 reduction cell uses a translucent thin film electrode to allow light irradiation onto a photo-responsive catalyst during CO2 electrolysis. Gaseous CO2 turned into CO directly on Au nanoparticles deposited on Ag nanowires.

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12

Bae, Dowon, Gerrit M. Faasse, and Wilson A. Smith. "Hidden figures of photo-charging: a thermo-electrochemical approach for a solar-rechargeable redox flow cell system." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 6 (2020): 2650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se00348d.

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Achieving high current densities without thermal performance degradation at high temperatures is one of the main challenges for enhancing the competitiveness of photo-electrochemical energy storage systems.

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13

Nanda, Sitansu Sekhar, Minjik Kim, Sung Jong Yoo, Georgia C. Papaefthymiou, and Dong Kee Yi. "Monolayer Quantum-Dot Based Light-Sensor by a Photo-Electrochemical Mechanism." Micromachines 11, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090817.

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Monolayer nanocrystal-based light sensors with cadmium-selenium thin film electrodes have been investigated using electrochemical cyclic voltammetry tests. An indium tin oxide electrode system, with a monolayer of homogeneously deposited cadmium-selenium quantum dots was proven to work as a photo-sensor via an electrochemical cell mechanism; it was possible to tune current densities under light illumination. Electrochemical tests on a quantum dot capacitor, using different sized (red, yellow and green) cadmium-selenium quantum dots on indium tin oxide substrates, showed typical capacitive behavior of cyclic voltammetry curves in 2M H2SO4 aqueous solutions. This arrangement provides a beneficial effect in, both, charge separation and light sensory characteristics. Importantly, the photocurrent density depended on quantum yield rendering tunable photo-sensing properties.

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14

Raja, K. S., V. K. Mahajan, and M. Misra. "Determination of photo conversion efficiency of nanotubular titanium oxide photo-electrochemical cell for solar hydrogen generation." Journal of Power Sources 159, no. 2 (September 2006): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.12.036.

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15

Sahare, Sanjay, Manauti Salunkhe, Prachi Ghoderao, and Tejashree Bhave. "Surfactant modified Bi2(S0.3Se0.7)3 nanoflakes for photo electrochemical cell application." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 29, no. 11 (March 20, 2018): 9142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8942-2.

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16

Haji-Ali, E. "Photo and electroluminescence of porous silicon layers." BIBECHANA 8 (January 15, 2012): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v8i0.4897.

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Porous silicon layers were prepared by both chemical and electrochemical methods on n- and ptype Si substrates. In the former technique, light emission was obtained from p-type and n-type samples. It was found that intense light illumination during the preparation process was essential for PSi formation on n-type substrates.An efficient electrochemical cell with some useful features was designed for electrochemical etching of silicon. Various preparation parameters were studied and photoluminescence emissions ranging from dark red to light blue were obtained from PSi samples prepared on p-type substrates. N-type samples produced emissions ranging from dark red to orange-yellow. Electroluminescence of porous silicon samples showed that the color of the emission was the same as the photoluminescence color of the sample, and its intensity and duration depended on the current density passed through the sample. The effects of exposure of samples to air, storage in vacuum, and heat-treatment in air on luminescence intensity of the samples and preparation of patterned porous layers were also studied.Keywords: Porous silicon layers; photoluminescence; electroluminescenceDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v8i0.4897 BIBECHANA 8 (2012) 46-52

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17

Meena, Shanker Lal. "Study of Photoactive Materials Used in Photo Electrochemical Cell for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage." Journal of Applied Science and Education (JASE) 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jase.v3i1.40.

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Photoelectrochemical Cell is a device that absorbs light with a high-absorption electrolyte solution and provides energy for photo chemical reactions. Ponceau-S was used as a photosensitizer and EDTA served as a reducing agent in the study of photoelectronchemical cells. The photocurrent and photo potential were 1047.0 mV and 390.0 µA respectively. The highest power of the cell was 84.0 µW, with a conversion efficiency of 1.61%. The fill factor of the cell was 0.20. The photoelectric cell can function at this power level for 240.0 minutes in storage (performance). The effects of various parameters on the cell's electrical output were observed. In this study, a mechanism for photocurrent generation in Photoelectrochemical cells is proposed.

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18

Alves, P. A., G. R. P. Malpass, H. D. Johansen, E. B. Azevedo, L. M. Gomes, W. F. D. Vilela, and A. J. Motheo. "Photo-assisted electrochemical degradation of real textile wastewater." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.870.

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In the present study, photo-assisted electrochemical degradation of real textile wastewater was performed. Degradation assays were performed at constant current (40 mA cm−2) in a combined electro/photochemical flow-cell using a Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 DSA® type electrode. The results show that the method is capable of removing color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the effluent. Additionally, the effect of initial pH and type of supporting electrolyte (Na2SO4 or NaCl) was investigated. The principal figures of merit used in this study were COD removal and color removal (605 nm). The results show that up to 72% color and up to 59% COD removal in 120 min is possible under the operating conditions employed. Studies of the phytotoxicity of the wastewater before and after the photo-assisted degradation assays are also presented and the results demonstrate that the toxicity of the effluent is dependent on the length of electrolysis time and the treatment procedure employed.

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19

Kang, Hyeong Cheol, Saerona Kim, Kicheon Yoo, Gyu Leem, and Jae-Joon Lee. "(Invited) Hydrogen Atom Transfer Coupled Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell for Lignin Decomposition." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 48 (October 9, 2022): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02481805mtgabs.

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For the decomposition process of lignin, there have been several processes reported. However, low selectivity of oxidative cleavage is one of prime issues because of reaction under harsh condition such as high temperature and high pressure. To overcome these problems, especially, dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cells (HAT-DSPEC), which used photocatalyst (RuC) and homogeneous catalysts incorporated system was suggested. it represents conversion efficiencies over 90% under 24 h light illumination (AM 1.5G). However, metal complex sensitizer has disadvantages like low stability, high cost and low absorption coefficient. In this study, for highly stable HAT-DSPEC process, metal based sensitizer was replaced by organic dye(5-[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]thiophene-2-cyanoacrylic acid, L1) which has high stability and molar absorption coefficient. For regenerating dye molecules and oxidating lignin model compounds(LMCs), bicyclic nitroxyl derivates, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO), and 9-azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonan-3-one-9-oxyl (Keto-ABNO) was used. In HAT-ODSPEC (organic dye-sesitized photo-electrochemical cell), Keto-ABNO exhibits higher photo-electrocatalytic activity than TEMPO for the oxidation and decomposition of LMC. The superior activity of L1 sensitizer with Keto-ABNO mediator is especially noteworthy of Caryl-Cα bond cleavage and with keto-ABNO exhibits 100% conversion yield of for 24hrs at room temperature while 86% with TEMPO. This HAT-ODSPEC process provides a unique foundation to perform selective C−C bond cleavage for real lignin conversion technologies.

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20

Gagrani, Ankita, Mohammed Alsultan, Gerhard F. Swiegers, and Takuya Tsuzuki. "Photo-Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Biomimetic CaMn2O4 Catalyst." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (May 29, 2019): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112196.

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Calcium manganese oxide catalysts are a new class of redox catalysts with significant importance because of their structural similarity to natural oxygen-evolving complex in plant cells and the earth-abundant elemental constituents. In the present study, the photo-electrocatalytic properties of CaMn2O4 in water-splitting were investigated. CaMn2O4 powders with irregular shapes and nanowire shapes were synthesised using mechanochemical processing and a hydrothermal method, respectively. The anode in a photo-electrochemical cell was fabricated by embedding CaMn2O4 powders within polypyrrole. The results showed that CaMn2O4 induced a higher dark and light current in comparison to the control sample (polypyrrole alone). CaMn2O4 nanowires exhibited higher dark and light current in comparison to irregular-shaped CaMn2O4 powders. The difference was attributable to the higher surface area of nanowires compared to the irregular-shaped particles, rather than the difference in exposed crystal facets.

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21

Kawakita, Mamiko, Jin Kawakita, Tetsuo Uchikoshi, and Yoshio Sakka. "Photoanode characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cell containing TiO2 layers with different crystalline orientations." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 4 (April 2009): 1417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0157.

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The influence of the crystalline orientation of the TiO2 photoanode on the photo-electrochemical characteristics was investigated to reveal the primary factors responsible for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a dye-sensitized solar cell. It was observed that the photocurrent depended on the plane orientation, whereas the dependence of the photopotential on the open circuit was almost constant. The rate of the photoanodic reaction was attributed to the dye adsorption, depending on the surface energy of each oriented plane of the TiO2. The cathodic reaction on TiO2 during open circuit is likely to determine the rate of the entire electrochemical reaction.

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22

Majumder, Sutripto, Avinash C. Mendhe, Dojin Kim, and Babasaheb R. Sankapal. "CdO nanonecklace: Effect of air annealing on performance of photo electrochemical cell." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 788 (June 2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.02.159.

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23

Mureseanu, Mihaela, Nicoleta Cioatera, and Gabriela Carja. "Fe-Ce/Layered Double Hydroxide Heterostructures and Their Derived Oxides: Electrochemical Characterization and Light-Driven Catalysis for the Degradation of Phenol from Water." Nanomaterials 13, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13060981.

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Fe-Ce/layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized via a facile route by exploiting the “structural memory” of the LDH when the calcined MgAlLDH and ZnAlLDH were reconstructed in the aqueous solutions of FeSO4/Ce(SO4)2. XRD analysis shows the formation of heterostructured catalysts that entangle the structural characteristics of the LDHs with those of Fe2O3 and CeO2. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, TG/DTG, SEM/EDX and TEM results reveal a complex morphology defined by the large nano/microplates of the reconstructed LDHs that are tightly covered with nanoparticles of Fe2O3 and CeO2. Calcination at 850 °C promoted the formation of highly crystallized mixed oxides of Fe2O3/CeO2/ZnO and spinels. The photo-electrochemical behavior of Fe-Ce/LDHs and their derived oxides was studied in a three-electrode photo-electrochemical cell, using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), Mott–Schottky (M-S) analysis and photo-electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS) measurements, in dark or under illumination. When tested as novel catalysts for the degradation of phenol from aqueous solutions, the light-driven catalytic heterojunctions of Fe-Ce/LDH and their derived oxides reveal their capabilities to efficiently remove phenol from water, under both UV and solar irradiation.

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24

Scalia, Alberto, Alberto Varzi, Andrea Lamberti, Elena Tresso, Sangsik Jeong, Timo Jacob, and Stefano Passerini. "High energy and high voltage integrated photo-electrochemical double layer capacitor." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 2, no. 5 (2018): 968–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00003d.

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25

Li, Bin, Hai Jun Niu, Lin Zhang, and Xu Duo Bai. "Electrochemical Synthesis of POT for Electrochromic and Solar Cell Materials." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1002–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1002.

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POT (poly (o-toluidine)) was synthesized on ITO/glass by using electrochemical method and the effect of different reaction conditions such as scan rate, the concentrations of monomer and sulfuric acid, and cycle times on the POT was studied. The resulting POT was characterized by spectroscopy such as FT-IR, Roman, and UV-vis methods. The surface morphology of protruding island shape was recorded by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The electrochromic properties were found that the color of the polymer can turn from green to blue reversibly by increasing the applied voltage. The anode of the solar cell was made of FTO/glass covered with nano-TiO2/POT showed good photo-electron conversion performance which indicated the potential application in electrochromic and solar cell devices.

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26

Mikolasek, Miroslav, Martin Kemeny, Filip Chymo, Peter Ondrejka, and Jozef Huran. "Amorphous silicon PEC-PV hybrid structure for photo-electrochemical water splitting." Journal of Electrical Engineering 70, no. 7 (December 1, 2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2019-0050.

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Abstract The paper presents fabrication and characterization of amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) based structures for photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The increase of the photocurrent of PEC upon the decreased of CH4 flow during the deposition is associated with the decrease of the band gap and increased absorption of light in a-SiC:H. Photocurrent of 50 µA/cm2 is achieved for PEC structure prepared with the lowest CH4 flow during the deposition. An ITO/a-SiC:H/Si silicon heterojunction structure forming a simple photovoltaic cell (PV) with efficiency of 9.66% was prepared to support additional voltage hereby forming a hybrid PEC-PV system. ASA simulation revealed that a photocurrent of 0.62 mA/cm2 and solar to hydrogen efficiency of 0.76% can be achieved for hybrid a PEC-PV structure with 5 PVs connected in series behind the PEC cell. Further opportunities for increasing the performance are discussed and summarized.

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27

Naumann, Kathrin, Tim Tichter, Ole Hansen, Brian Seger, Ib Chorkendorff, and Peter Vesborg. "Cu As Co-Catalyst for the Photo-Electrochemical CO Reduction on Multi-Junction Photoabsorbers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 36 (July 7, 2022): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01361605mtgabs.

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Substantial research effort has been dedicated to the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2R) to higher carbon products throughout the recent years, baring the promise of a production pathway for green fuels and chemicals.1 However, only little progress has been achieved in the light driven heterogeneous CO2R catalysis, especially considering selective processes towards C2+ products. This arises from the additional complexity of photo-electrochemical reactions, which means that not only the sluggish reaction kinetics, high overpotentials and low selectivity of CO2R, but also the insufficient voltage and sensitivity towards harsh electrolyte conditions of photoabsorbers have to be encountered. Considering CO2R as multi-step process with CO as intermediate mitigates some issues of the process, e.g. the necessary overpotential is reduced and a higher selectivity towards valuable products can be achieved.2 Multi-junction solar stacks can provide operating voltages >2 V, which is sufficient for reducing CO2 to CO with high efficiencies or even produce multi-carbon products from CO while oxidizing water as anode reaction.3 In this work, we designed a process for photo-electrochemical CO reduction with multi-junction photoabsorbers. We start out by showing photo-electrochemical modelling of tandem photoabsorbers that emphasizes the advantages of CO as reactant compared to CO2. Further, we focus on the preparation of a nano-structured Cu catalyst, the most common material for reducing CO to C2+. Therefore, the electrochemical deposition and surface characterization using SEM, EDX and XPS of the catalyst on a dark model electrode coated with a sputter deposited TiO2 protection layer will be presented. Moreover, the CO reduction performance of the model at different potentials are characterized. In addition, the light transmission of the model electrode is reported, baring the possibility of illuminating the photoelectrode from the catalyst front side in mind. Lastly, the transfer of the model catalyst to a photoabsorber as well as the design of a photo-electrochemical flow-cell are discussed. Nitopi, S. et al. Progress and Perspectives of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Copper in Aqueous Electrolyte. Rev. 119, 7610–7672 (2019)1. Wang, L. et al. Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction on Polycrystalline Copper: Effects of Potential, Pressure, and pH on Selectivity toward Multicarbon and Oxygenated Products. ACS Catal. 8, 7445–7454 (2018) Seger, B., Hansen, O. & Vesborg, P. C. K. A Flexible Web-Based Approach to Modeling Tandem Photocatalytic Devices. RRL 1, e201600013 (2017). Figure 1

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28

SINGH, N., J. SHARMA, and S. K. TRIPATHI. "EFFECT OF CYCLE COUNT IN SILAR DEPOSITION OF COUNTER ELECTRODE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF QUATERNARY QUANTUM DOT SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 15, no. 1 (January 2020): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2020.151.243.

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Cu-Ni-S alloyed films of different thicknesses were prepared by varying the number of cycles in SILAR deposition and were used for the application as Counter Electrode in QDSSCs. For device fabrication, titanium dioxide films were used as a photo-anode layer, Cu2ZnSnS4 quaternary quantum dots as a sensitizer, and polysulfide electrolyte was used as Redox mediator. The effect of number of SILAR cycles on the electrical and electrochemical parameters was studied with V-I characteristic curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The device incorporating counter electrode deposited by 10 SILAR cycles performed best among other devices because of its lowest impedance parameters.

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29

Chen, Yuzhu, and Meng Lin. "(Digital Presentation) Photo-Thermo-Electrochemical Cells for on-Demand Solar Power and Hydrogen Generation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 36 (July 7, 2022): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01361560mtgabs.

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Converting solar energy into power and hydrogen provides a promising pathway to fulfilling instantaneous electricity demand (power generation) as well as continuous demand via storing energy in chemical bonds (hydrogen generation). Co-generation of power and hydrogen is of great interest due to its potential to overcome expensive electricity storage in conventional PV plus battery systems. Both solar thermochemistry processes and photo-electrochemical cells (PECs) are extensively explored technologies to produce solar hydrogen. The key challenges for solar thermochemistry processes are extremely high operating temperature (~ 1500 oC) and low demonstrated efficiency (< 1% for hydrogen generation). For PECs, the limited solar absorption together with sluggish electrochemical reactions, especially for OER, leads to limited theoretical solar fuel generation. Operating PECs at high temperature will lead to decreased photovoltage and interface stability. Inspired by the thermally regenerative batteries, we propose a photo-thermo-electrochemical (PTEC) device that uses the solid oxide-based moderate high temperature cell (~1000 ℃) as the photo-absorber for simultaneously converting concentrated solar radiation into heat and generating fuel or power electrochemically driven by the discharging power from the low temperature cell (~700 ℃). PTEC device enables full solar spectrum utilization, highly favorable thermodynamics and kinetics, and cost-effectiveness. A continuous PTEC device has two working modes, which are voltage differential (VD) mode and current differential (CD) mode. The current-voltage characteristics of a PTEC device are shown in Figure 1. It mainly consists of five parts. A high temperature cell (HTC) serves as a solar absorber and a low temperature cell (LTC) serves as heat recovery. Besides, the opposite electrochemical reactions take place in two cells meaning that HTC and LTC can also function as a hydrogen production as well as an electricity generator component, respectively. Heat exchanger(s) is placed between the HTC and LTC and hot fluids pass through a heat exchanger before entering LTC to reduce heat losses to environment as well as reducing input solar energy. The VD mode and CD mode can be realized in PTECs via controlling of DC-DC converter. In order to identify the main parameters, we develop a multi-physics model based on finite element method, including mass, heat and charge transfer, and electrochemical reactions. In addition, heat exchange is modeled by solving energy balance equation, DC-DC convertor is assumed by constant efficiency, and a lumped parameter model is used to describe solar receiver including energy losses of conduction and reradiation. This framework also allows us to provide design guidelines for PTEC devices with high solar-to-electricity (STE) efficiency and solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency. The maximum STE and STH efficiency under reference conditions of PTEC device was found to be 4 % and 2 %. A further improved performance in terms of STE and STH efficiency are about 19 % and 16 %, respectively, via optimizing temperature configuration between HTC and LTC and material properties. It is also interesting to note that STH can reach higher than 80 % of STE at a large temperature difference, which shows a promising energy storage device by storing excessive electrical power in form of hydrogen. The main results show that the temperature of HTC and efficiency of heat exchange are key parameters to optimize PTEC efficiency. The performance of DC-DC convertor dominates STH efficiency. Besides, ionic conductivity of electrolyte can contribute to significantly expanding the operating current density range. The PTEC is a promising technology for solar energy conversion and storage as it is able to produce electricity and hydrogen in a single device. The solar conversion efficiency predicted with our numerical model supports that by optimizing the design and operational conditions, this technology can compete with existing solar fuel pathways. Figure 1

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Kavadiya, Shalinee, Tandeep S. Chadha, Haijun Liu, Vivek B. Shah, Robert E. Blankenship, and Pratim Biswas. "Directed assembly of the thylakoid membrane on nanostructured TiO2for a photo-electrochemical cell." Nanoscale 8, no. 4 (2016): 1868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr08178e.

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Bin, Jae-Wook, Doo-Hwan Kim, Youl-Moon Sung, and Min-Woo Park. "Effects of TiO2 electron blocking layer on photovoltaic performance of photo-electrochemical cell." Optical Materials 36, no. 8 (June 2014): 1454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2013.08.017.

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Maity, S., A. Haldar, and N. B. Manik. "Effect of plasticizer on safranine-T-dye-based solid-state photo electrochemical cell." Ionics 14, no. 6 (March 27, 2008): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-008-0217-0.

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Minegishi, Tsutomu. "(Invited) (Photo)Electrochemical Cells for Hydrogen Production and Carbon Dioxide Utilization." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 36 (July 7, 2022): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01361599mtgabs.

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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electrochemical cells can produce hydrogen from water and/or can produce useful chemicals from carbon dioxide, and, thus, are the key technologies for construction of carbon neutral society. Direct water splitting using photoelectrochemical cell is one of the promising means to produce hydrogen utilizing solar energy. The most important issue for photoelectrode the central of photoelectrochemical cell is narrow bandgap combined with large reaction driving force. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) which is employed as an absorber material in photovoltaic devices is one of the promising photocathode materials because of its long absorption edge of >1000 nm. [1] However, its driving force for water splitting is limited because of relatively shallow valence band maximum (VBM). The solid solution between ZnSe and CIGS (ZnSe-CIGS) is one of the promising candidates of photocathode material for water splitting because of its long absorption edge, ~900 nm, and large driving force, ~1.0 V. [2] In the present study, we investigated introduction of tellurium during ZnSe-CIGS thin films, and found the tellurium introduction increase grain size of ZnSe-CIGS film. The sequential deposition of Ga-rich layer and In-rich layer resulted in formation of composition gradient which facilitate charge separation thorough conduction band minimum (CBM) gradient. The ZnSe-CIGS base photocathode prepared with employing tellurium introduction and composition gradient showed significantly increased incident photon-to-current conversion efficiencies (IPCEs), close to unity. [3] The electrochemical cell with gas diffusion electrode (GDE) for carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) can produce useful chemicals efficiently. Copper species are the catalysts with capable of producing C2 products such as C2H5OH and C2H4. In the present study, Cu2O was examined as an electrocatalyst for CO2RR. A GDE composed of carbon paper coated with Cu2O by electroplating method showed C2H4 production with faradaic efficiency (FE) of >50% and C2H5OH production with FE of >20% under the optimized conditions for >10 hours. References H. Kumagai, T. Minegishi, N. Sato, T. Yamada, J. Kubota, K. Domen, J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 8300 (2015). H. Kaneko, T. Minegishi, M. Nakabayashi, N. Shibata, K. Domen, Angew.Chem. Int. Ed. 55,15329 (2016). T. Minegishi, S. Yamaguchi, M. Sugiyama, Appl. Phys. Lett. 119, 123905 (2021).

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Weber, Michael D., Claudio Garino, Giorgio Volpi, Enrico Casamassa, Marco Milanesio, Claudia Barolo, and Rubén D. Costa. "Origin of a counterintuitive yellow light-emitting electrochemical cell based on a blue-emitting heteroleptic copper(i) complex." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 21 (2016): 8984–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt00970k.

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Vacca, Annalisa, Laura Mais, Michele Mascia, Elisabetta Maria Usai, and Simonetta Palmas. "Design of Experiment for the Optimization of Pesticide Removal from Wastewater by Photo-Electrochemical Oxidation with TiO2 Nanotubes." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050512.

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The Design of Experiment (DoE) technique has been used to investigate the photo-electrochemical removal of diuron (DRN) from wastewater. The process is carried out in a photo-electrochemical flow reactor, in which titania nanotubular electrode is irradiated with a simulated solar light. Different operative conditions have been investigated, in a planned 23 full factorial design in which imposed current density, flow rate and initial concentration have been varied at two levels. The removal process of DRN was investigated in terms of specific removal rate (K) and cell voltage (E), which were assumed as objective functions: the results show that the applied current has a paramount effect on both of the objective functions. From the analyses of the intermediates, it appears that the investigated parameters may exert different effects on the distribution of the reaction products: the initial concentration of diuron and the electrode potential seem to play a more important role, in this case.

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Choi, H., H. K. Kim, Y. W. Koo, K. H. Nam, S. M. Koo, W. J. Cho, and H. B. Chung. "Investigation of Electrical Properties in Chalcogenide Thin Film According to Wave Length." Advanced Materials Research 31 (November 2007): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.31.135.

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Programmable metallization cell (PMC) memory is based on the electrochemical control of nanoscale quantities of metal in thin films of solid electrolyte. We investigate the nature of thin films formed by the photo-dissolution of Ag into Ge-Se-Te glasses for use in programmable metallization cell devices. Glassy alloys of a-Ge25Se75-xTex(x = 0, 25) are prepared by well known melt-quenching technique. Thin films of a-Ge25Se75-xTex(x = 0, 25) glassy alloys are evaporated by vacuum evaporation technique at ~10-6 torr on glass substrate at room temperature. Optical properties in this study concerns photo-diffusion of Ag on Ag-doped Ge-Se-Te electrolytes. With these promising properties, the composition a-Ge25Se75-xTex(x = 0, 25) is recommended as a potential candidate for PMC-RAM.

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Chandra, Suresh. "Recent Trends in High Efficiency Photo-Electrochemical Solar Cell Using Dye-Sensitised Photo-Electrodes and Ionic Liquid Based Redox Electrolytes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences 82, no. 1 (March 2012): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40010-012-0001-4.

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Iwamoto, M., K. Shimono, M. Sumi, and N. Kamo. "Proton up take and release of pharaonis phoborhodopsin detected by a photo-electrochemical cell." Seibutsu Butsuri 39, supplement (1999): S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.39.s79_2.

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Suthan Kissinger, Suthan Kissinger. "Structural and Photo electrochemical (PEC) cell properties of Cd_(1-x) Zn_x Se Films." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 9, no. 1 (2020): 05–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2020.03.201392.

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MATSUMOT, Masamitsu, Hiromitsu MIYAZAKI, and Yoshimasa KUMASHIRO. "All Solid-state Dye-sensitized TiO2 Photo Electrochemical Cell and Its Long-term Stability." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 7 (1997): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1997.484.

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Ali, Taimoor, Khasan S. Karimov, Khakim M. Akhmedov, K. Kabutov, and Amjad Farooq. "Thermo photo-electrochemical effect in n-InP/aqueous solution of orange dye/C cell." Electronic Materials Letters 11, no. 2 (March 2015): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13391-014-4182-7.

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Shalom, Menny, Idan Hod, Zion Tachan, Sophia Buhbut, Shay Tirosh, and Arie Zaban. "Quantum dot based anode and cathode for high voltage tandem photo -electrochemical solar cell." Energy & Environmental Science 4, no. 5 (2011): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01145f.

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Chen, W. H., A. G. Miranda, and C. W. Hong. "Parametric Studies on the Photovoltaic Performance Improvement of a Nanotube Photo-Electrochemical Solar Cell." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 158, no. 5 (2011): P57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3568943.

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Tan, Ann Ling, Li Jian Khoo, Siti Salwa Alias, and Ahmad Azmin Mohamad. "ZnO nanoparticles and poly(acrylic) acid-based polymer gel electrolyte for photo electrochemical cell." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (August 7, 2012): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2846-z.

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Li, Huai Xiang, Heng Li, Qiong Wu, and Wen Sha Xia. "Palladium Nanoparticles Modified N-Type Epitaxial Silicon Electrode for Photocurrent Detection of Ascorbic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 1052 (October 2014): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1052.433.

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In this work, about 100 nm palladium layer was coated on the front surface of n-type epitaxial silicon wafer by vacuum evaporating and etched electrochemically in 0.1 M HF-HCl solution to form palladium nanoparticle modifying n-silicon electrode. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the modified electrode surface. The modified electrode has been used to constitute a novel photo-electrochemical sensor for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA) with a two-electrode cell in absence of reference electrode by photocurrent measurement at a zero bias. The photocurrent determination of AA shows two linear dynamic responses over the concentration range of 2 μM–42 μM and 82 μM–642 μM with a detection limit of 2.0×10−6 M. Furthermore, this sensor demonstrated good stability, repeatability and selectivity remarkably.

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Imperiyka, Mahamed, Azizan Ahmad, Sharina Abu Hanifah, Akrajas Ali Umar, Nor Sabirin Mohamed, and Mohd Yusri Abd Rahman. "Photo-polymerization of methacrylate based polymer electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 8 (October 1, 2014): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0308.

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Abstract The ionic conductivity of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) [P(GMA-co-EMA)]-lithium perchlorate (LiClO4)-ethylene carbonate (EC) electrolyte and photovoltaic performances of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) utilizing the electrolyte were investigated. P(GMA-co-EMA) as a host material of the electrolyte was synthesized by UV-curing and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). P(GMA-co-EMA) based solid polymer electrolyte containing 80 wt% EC exhibited the highest room temperature ionic conductivity. The crystallinity degree of the electrolyte decreases with the EC content, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The electrochemical stability investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) reveals that the electrolyte is stable up to 4.8 V. A dye-sensitized solar cell of fluorine tin oxide (FTO)/TiO2-dye/P(GMA-co-EMA)-LiClO4-EC/Pt possessed the photovoltaic effect with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 4.85×10-3 mA cm-2 and open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.4 V, respectively, under light intensity of 100 mW cm-2.

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Shlosberg, Yaniv, Tünde N. Tóth, Benjamin Eichenbaum, Lee Keysar, Gadi Schuster, and Noam Adir. "Electron Mediation and Photocurrent Enhancement in Dunalliela salina Driven Bio-Photo Electrochemical Cells." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2021): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101220.

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In recent years, finding alternatives for fossil fuels has become a major concern. One promising solution is microorganism-based bio-photo electrochemical cells (BPECs) that utilize photosynthetic solar energy conversion as an energy source while absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. It was previously reported that in cyanobacterial-based BPECs, the major endogenous electron mediator that can transfer electrons from the thylakoid membrane photosynthetic complexes and external anodes is NADPH. However, the question of whether the same electron transfer mechanism is also valid for live eukaryotic microalgae, in which NADPH must cross both the chloroplast outer membrane and the cell wall to be secreted from the cell has remained elusive. In this work, we show that NADPH is also the major endogenous electron mediator in the microalgae Dunalliela salina (Ds). We show that the ability of Ds to tolerate high salinity enables the production of a photocurrent that is 5–6 times greater than previously reported for freshwater cyanobacterial-based BPECs in the presence or absence of exogenous electron mediators. Additionally, we show that the electron mediator Vitamin B1 can also function as an electron mediator enhancing photocurrent production. Finally, we show that the addition of both FeCN and NADP+ to Ds has a synergistic effect enhancing the photocurrent beyond the effect of adding each mediator separately.

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Kang, Hyeong Cheol, Saerona Kim, Kicheon Yoo, Gyu Leem, and Jae-Joon Lee. "Photoanode Interface and Surface Treatment Effect in Dye-Sensitized Photo Electrochemical Systems on Oxidative Cleavage of Lignin." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 36 (July 7, 2022): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01361606mtgabs.

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Traditionally, Dye-sensitized photo electrochemical cells (DSPECs) have been targeted for solar-driven water splitting as production of fuels in aqueous media. Recently, hydrogen atom transfer incorporated dye-sensitized photo electrochemical cell (HAT-DSPEC) which used photocatalyst and homogeneous catalysts incorporating system was suggested for the decomposition process of lignin. This HAT-DSPEC system representing conversion efficiencies over 90% resulted in the formation of the oxidized ketone product from model compounds under simulated solar illumination with an applied bias 0.4 V vs Ag/Ag+ for 24 hrs. However, they have several issues such as long reaction time, low stability and high bias potential. To overcome these problems, in this study, dye-sensitized photovoltaics’ advanced technic is applied. In HAT-DSPEC system, photo-anode (TiO2@Dye) has important role to produce oxoammonium species by oxidizing HAT mediator. And these oxidized HAT do a catalytic reaction with target materials: lignin model compounds (LMCs). However, in photo-anode, lots of charge recombination and electron back transfer occurs on the FTO and TiO2 surface. So, for effectively producing oxoammonium species from photoelectrode, using blocking layer to passivate FTO surface from electrolytes and applying TiCl4 post-treatment enhances charge transport in TiO2. The photocurrent response of the m-TiO2@Ru470 photoelectrode in a nonaqueous electrolyte was examined with increasing mediators concentration during light on/off cycles under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW/cm−2), with an applied bias 0.4 V vs Ag/Ag+. Comparing three kinds of condition such as m-TiO2, BL/m-TiO2, BL/m-TiO2/TiCl4 post treatment, showed a significant increase in maximum photocurrent up to approximately 49.3, 101.3, 231.6 μA/cm−2 with 5 mM NHPI/2,6-Lutidine mediator. This result indicates that the blocking layer and TiCl4 post treatment enhanced electron life time and collection efficiency in the photoelectrode, as well as enhancing the capability of producing oxoammonium species.

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Daniel, T., S. T. Nishanthi, K. Mohanraj, and G. Sivakumar. "Influence of film thickness variation on the photo electrochemical cell performances of Ag3SbS3 thin films." Vacuum 161 (March 2019): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.12.031.

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Jeyalakshmi, V., R. Mahalakshmy, K. R. Krishnamurthy, and B. Viswanathan. "Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Water: A Step towards Sustainable Fuels and Chemicals." Materials Science Forum 734 (December 2012): 1–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.734.1.

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Photo catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide orartificial photo synthesisto yield hydrogen and hydrocarbons like methane, methanol etc., has emerged as a subject/process of intensive study due to its potential applications towards abatement of atmospheric CO2levels and conversion to fuels and chemicals. This Chapter provides a comprehensive picture of the process that has posed several scientific and technological challenges, like activation of most stable molecules-CO2and water, extremely low conversion rates, complex reaction pathways involving multi electron transfer steps and short catalyst life. All the major aspects/developments on this process like, the salient features and technological aspects, thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics, various types of photo-active catalysts-, like, titania based catalysts and titania with various dopants and modifiers, various metal oxides/sulfides/nitrides/ layered titanates, binary and ternary oxides of Nb, Ta, Ga & In mixed oxide catalysts, metal complexes, and supra molecular catalysts-, sensitization by macro cylic ligands, influence of process parameters, catalyst structure-property-activity correlations, aspects of deactivation of catalysts, reaction mechanistic aspects and sequential surface reaction pathways, recent trends and future directions have been covered. Design and development of efficient catalyst systems and achieving higher yield of desired products (higher selectivity) and extending the catalyst life are the key issues being pursued by the researchers. The process is in nascent stage and further improvements are needed as CO2conversion rates are extremely small, with products formed in terms of 1-10 micro moles/hr. One of the means of improving the process efficiency is to carry out electrochemical reduction of CO2using solar electric power, with an integrated Photo electrochemical cell (PEC). Yet another option is to reduce CO2to methanol with hydrogen produced using solar powered PEC.

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