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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Photo Driven Devices

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Academic literature on the topic 'Photo Driven Devices'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Photo Driven Devices"

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Saha, Sourav, and J. Fraser Stoddart. "Photo-driven molecular devices." Chem. Soc. Rev. 36, no. 1 (2007): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b607187b.

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Nikić, Marta, Aleksandar Opančar, Florian Hartmann, Ludovico Migliaccio, Marie Jakešová, Eric Daniel Głowacki, and Vedran Đerek. "Micropyramid structured photo capacitive interfaces." Nanotechnology 33, no. 24 (March 23, 2022): 245302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5927.

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Abstract Optically driven electronic neuromodulation devices are a novel tool in basic research and offer new prospects in medical therapeutic applications. Optimal operation of such devices requires efficient light capture and charge generation, effective electrical communication across the device’s bioelectronic interface, conformal adhesion to the target tissue, and mechanical stability of the device during the lifetime of the implant—all of which can be tuned by spatial structuring of the device. We demonstrate a 3D structured opto-bioelectronic device—an organic electrolytic photocapacitor spatially designed by depositing the active device layers on an inverted micropyramid-shaped substrate. Ultrathin, transparent, and flexible micropyramid-shaped foil was fabricated by chemical vapour deposition of parylene C on silicon moulds containing arrays of inverted micropyramids, followed by a peel-off procedure. The capacitive current delivered by the devices showed a strong dependency on the underlying spatial structure. The device performance was evaluated by numerical modelling. We propose that the developed numerical model can be used as a basis for the design of future functional 3D design of opto-bioelectronic devices and electrodes.

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Shin, Jihyun, and Hocheon Yoo. "Photogating Effect-Driven Photodetectors and Their Emerging Applications." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2023): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050882.

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Rather than generating a photocurrent through photo-excited carriers by the photoelectric effect, the photogating effect enables us to detect sub-bandgap rays. The photogating effect is caused by trapped photo-induced charges that modulate the potential energy of the semiconductor/dielectric interface, where these trapped charges contribute an additional electrical gating-field, resulting in a shift in the threshold voltage. This approach clearly separates the drain current in dark versus bright exposures. In this review, we discuss the photogating effect-driven photodetectors with respect to emerging optoelectrical materials, device structures, and mechanisms. Representative examples that reported the photogating effect-based sub-bandgap photodetection are revisited. Furthermore, emerging applications using these photogating effects are highlighted. The potential and challenging aspects of next-generation photodetector devices are presented with an emphasis on the photogating effect.

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Kirner, Simon, Peter Bogdanoff, Bernd Stannowski, Roel van de Krol, Bernd Rech, and Rutger Schlatmann. "Architectures for scalable integrated photo driven catalytic devices-A concept study." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41, no. 45 (December 2016): 20823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.088.

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Samson, Kerr D. G., Eleonore C. L. Bolle, Mariah Sarwat, Tim R. Dargaville, and Ferry P. W. Melchels. "Elastic Bioresorbable Polymeric Capsules for Osmosis-Driven Delayed Burst Delivery of Vaccines." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030434.

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Single-administration vaccine delivery systems are intended to improve the efficiency and efficacy of immunisation programs in both human and veterinary medicine. In this work, an osmotically triggered delayed delivery device was developed that was able to release a payload after a delay of approximately 21 days, in a consistent and reproducible manner. The device was constructed out of a flexible poly(ε-caprolactone) photo-cured network fabricated into a hollow tubular shape, which expelled approximately 10% of its total payload within 2 days after bursting. Characterisation of the factors that control the delay of release demonstrated that it was advantageous to adjust material permeability and device wall thickness over manipulation of the osmogent concentration in order to maintain reproducibility in burst delay times. The photo-cured poly(ε-caprolactone) network was shown to be fully degradable in vitro, and there was no evidence of cytotoxicity after 11 days of direct contact with primary dermal fibroblasts. This study provides strong evidence to support further development of flexible biomaterials with the aim of continuing improvement of the device burst characteristics in order to provide the greatest chance of the devices succeeding with in vivo vaccine booster delivery.

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Grabowski, Przemysław, Jakub Haberko, and Piotr Wasylczyk. "Photo-Mechanical Response Dynamics of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Linear Actuators." Materials 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 2933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132933.

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With continuous miniaturization of many technologies, robotics seems to be lagging behind. While the semiconductor technologies operate confidently at the nanometer scale and micro-mechanics of simple structures (MEMS) in micrometers, autonomous devices are struggling to break the centimeter barrier and have hardly colonized smaller scales. One way towards miniaturization of robots involves remotely powered, light-driven soft mechanisms based on photo-responsive materials, such as liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). While several simple devices have been demonstrated with contracting, bending, twisting, or other, more complex LCE actuators, only their simple behavior in response to light has been studied. Here we characterize the photo-mechanical response of a linear light-driven LCE actuator by measuring its response to laser beams with varying power, pulse duration, pulse energy, and the energy spatial distribution. Light absorption decrease in the actuator over time is also measured. These results are at the foundation of further development of soft, light-driven miniature mechanisms and micro-robots.

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Xiong, Yihuang, Weinan Chen, Wenbo Guo, Hua Wei, and Ismaila Dabo. "Data-driven analysis of the electronic-structure factors controlling the work functions of perovskite oxides." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 11 (2021): 6880–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05595f.

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Tuning the work functions of materials is critical to the performance of microelectronic and (photo)electrochemical devices. We validate data-driven models to predict the work functions of cubic perovskites from simple electronic descriptors.

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Shawkat, Mashiyat Sumaiya, Tanvir Ahmed Chowdhury, Hee-Suk Chung, Shahid Sattar, Tae-Jun Ko, J. Andreas Larsson, and Yeonwoong Jung. "Large-area 2D PtTe2/silicon vertical-junction devices with ultrafast and high-sensitivity photodetection and photovoltaic enhancement by integrating water droplets." Nanoscale 12, no. 45 (2020): 23116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr05670g.

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Darus, Libertus, Takuya Sadakane, Pablo Ledezma, Seiya Tsujimura, Isioma Osadebe, Dónal Leech, Lo Gorton, and Stefano Freguia. "Redox-Polymers Enable Uninterrupted Day/Night Photo-Driven Electricity Generation in Biophotovoltaic Devices." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164, no. 3 (December 6, 2016): H3037—H3040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0091703jes.

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Vermaas, David A., Mark Sassenburg, and Wilson A. Smith. "Photo-assisted water splitting with bipolar membrane induced pH gradients for practical solar fuel devices." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 38 (2015): 19556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06315a.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Photo Driven Devices"

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Kantner, Markus [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Bandelow, Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Knorr, Uwe [Gutachter] Bandelow, Andreas [Gutachter] Knorr, and Bernd [Gutachter] Witzigmann. "Modeling and simulation of electrically driven quantum dot based single-photon sources : from classical device physics to open quantum systems / Markus Kantner ; Gutachter: Uwe Bandelow, Andreas Knorr, Bernd Witzigmann ; Uwe Bandelow, Andreas Knorr." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169741959/34.

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Books on the topic "Photo Driven Devices"

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Fedosov, Anton. Supporting the Design of Technology-Mediated Sharing Practices. Carl Grossmann, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24921/2020.94115943.

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Online social networks have made sharing personal experiences with others mostly in form of photos and comments a common activity. The convergenceof social, mobile, cloud and wearable computing expanded the scope of usergeneratedand shared content on the net from personal media to individual preferencesto physiological details (e.g., in the form of daily workouts) to informationabout real-world possessions (e.g., apartments, cars). Once everydaythings become increasingly networked (i.e., the Internet of Things), future onlineservices and connected devices will only expand the set of things to share. Given that a new generation of sharing services is about to emerge, it is of crucialimportance to provide service designers with the right insights to adequatelysupport novel sharing practices. This work explores these practices within twoemergent sharing domains: (1) personal activity tracking and (2) sharing economyservices. The goal of this dissertation is to understand current practices ofsharing personal digital and physical possessions, and to uncover correspondingend-user needs and concerns across novel sharing practices, in order to map thedesign space to support emergent and future sharing needs. We address this goalby adopting two research strategies, one using a bottom-up approach, the otherfollowing a top-down approach.In the bottom-up approach, we examine in-depth novel sharing practices within two emergent sharing domains through a set of empirical qualitative studies.We offer a rich and descriptive account of peoples sharing routines and characterizethe specific role of interactive technologies that support or inhibit sharingin those domains. We then design, develop, and deploy several technology prototypesthat afford digital and physical sharing with the view to informing the design of future sharing services and tools within two domains, personal activitytracking and sharing economy services.In the top-down approach, drawing on scholarship in human-computer interaction (HCI) and interaction design, we systematically examine prior workon current technology-mediated sharing practices and identify a set of commonalitiesand differences among sharing digital and physical artifacts. Based uponthese findings, we further argue that many challenges and issues that are presentin digital online sharing are also highly relevant for the physical sharing in thecontext of the sharing economy, especially when the shared physical objects havedigital representations and are mediated by an online platform. To account forthese particularities, we develop and field-test an action-driven toolkit for designpractitioners to both support the creation of future sharing economy platformsand services, as well as to improve the user experience of existing services.This dissertation should be of particular interest to HCI and interaction designresearchers who are critically exploring technology-mediated sharing practicesthrough fieldwork studies, as well to design practitioners who are building and evaluating sharing economy services.

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Book chapters on the topic "Photo Driven Devices"

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Kantner, Markus. "Semi-classical Charge Transport in Semiconductor Devices." In Electrically Driven Quantum Dot Based Single-Photon Sources, 15–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39543-8_2.

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Wagner, Mathias. "A Transfer-Matrix Approach to Photon-Assisted Tunneling Through a Driven Double-Barrier Diode." In Quantum Transport in Ultrasmall Devices, 497–500. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1967-6_36.

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Zhang, Yiming, Yuanfeng Xu, Yujie Xia, Juan Zhang, Hao Zhang, and Desheng Fu. "Photo-Induced Displacive Phase Transition in Two-dimensional MoTe₂ from First-Principle Calculations." In Phase Change Materials - Technology and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108460.

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The discovery and control of new phases of matter are a central endeavor in materials research. Phase transition in two-dimensional (2D) materials has been achieved through laser irradiation, strain engineering, electrostatic doping, and controlled chemical vapor deposition growth, and laser irradiation is considered as a fast and clean technique for triggering phase transition. By using first-principles calculations, we predict that the monolayer MoTe2 exhibits a photo-induced phase transition (PIPT) from the semiconducting 2H phase to the topological 1T′ phase. The purely electronic excitations by photon soften multiple lattice vibrational modes and lead to structural symmetry breaking within sub-picosecond timescales, which is shorter than the timescale of a thermally driven phase transition, enabling a controllable phase transition by means of photons. This finding provides deep insight into the underlying physics of the phase transition in 2D transition-metal ditellurides and show an ultrafast phase-transition mechanism for manipulation of the topological properties of 2D systems. More importantly, our finding opens a new avenue to discover the new families of PIPT materials that are very limited at present but are essential to design the next generation of devices operated at ultrafast speed.

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Mandal, Biswajit, Partha Sarathee Bhowmik, and Tapas Chakrabarti. "Recent Advancement on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)." In Advances in IT Standards and Standardization Research, 177–90. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9795-8.ch012.

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Irrespective of the photo incident angle and lighting condition of a day, DSSC is a kind of photovoltaic device consistent to generate power. Power extracted in diffuse light condition from DSSC is greater than the generated power from a conventional existing photovoltaic cell. This lucrative feature drives many to improve the device performance. To fill the gap between theoretical and practical performance of the device, more study is required on this topic. This study reviews the various methods to prepare DSS cell in each step, working principle, different measuring systems for characterization of the cell, and how those characters affect the final product to achieve its goal.

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Wang, Yixian, Rong Mu, Haohao Ren, Bingsen Jia, Xiao Gao, and Chufeng Sun. "A Photothermally Smart Hydrogel Material with Fast Response Properties." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220424.

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Hydrogel is a kind of functional polymer material. Because of its excellent characteristics such as high-water absorption, biocompatibility and stimulus response, hydrogel is widely used in biological tissue engineering, drug-controlled release, wastewater treatment, chemical mechanical devices, household products and other fields. The traditional hydrogels often have some disadvantages, such as slow response rate and fragile, which limit the application range of hydrogels. In this paper, we prepared a photo curable hydrogel photothermal response driving material. Because PNIPAAm hydrogel has excellent thermal driving response effect, it will shrink when the temperature is higher than 32 °C, and gold nanoparticles are good photothermal response materials. Therefore, the hydrogel actuator can realize fast response driving, and has excellent photothermal response efficiency and good environmental adaptability. The research scheme is to first prepare gold nanoparticle sol with appropriate concentration, and then synthesize PNIPAAm /AuNPs nano hydrogel. Its performance was characterized by SEM, TEM and UV spectroscopy, and its driving performance was studied.

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Koukia, Spiridoula, Maria Rigou, and Spiros Sirmakessis. "Content Personalization for Mobile Interfaces." In Human Computer Interaction, 992–96. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-87828-991-9.ch061.

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The contribution of context information to content management is of great importance. The increase of storage capacity in mobile devices gives users the possibility to maintain large amounts of content to their phones. As a result, this amount of content is increasing at a high rate. Users are able to store a huge variety of content such as contacts, text messages, ring tones, logos, calendar events, and textual notes. Furthermore, the development of novel applications has created new types of content, which include images, videos, MMS (multi-media messaging), e-mail, music, play lists, audio clips, bookmarks, news and weather, chat, niche information services, travel and entertainment information, driving instructions, banking, and shopping (Schilit & Theimer, 1994; Schilit, Adams, & Want, 1994; Brown, 1996; Brown, Bovey, & Chen, 1997). The fact that users should be able to store the content on their mobile phone and find the content they need without much effort results in the requirement of managing the content by organizing and annotating it. The purpose of information management is to aid users by offering a safe and easy way of retrieving the relevant content automatically, to minimize their effort and maximize their benefit (Sorvari et al., 2004). The increasing amount of stored content in mobile devices and the limitations of physical mobile phone user interfaces introduce a usability challenge in content management. The physical mobile phone user interface will not change considerably. The physical display sizes will not increase since in the mobile devices the display already covers a large part of the surface area. Text input speed will not change much, as keyboard-based text input methods have been the most efficient way to reduce slowness. While information is necessary for many applications, the human brain is limited in terms of how much information it can process at one time. The problem of information management is more complex in mobile environments (Campbell & Tarasewich, 2004). One way to reduce information overload and enhance content management is through the use of context metadata. Context metadata is information that describes the context in which a content item was created or received and can be used to aid users in searching, retrieving, and organizing the relevant content automatically. Context is any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity. An entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an application, including the user and the applications themselves (Dey, 2001). Some types of context are the physical context, such as time, location, and date; the social context, such as social group, friends, work, and home; and the mental context, which includes users’ activities and feelings (Ryan, Pascoe, & Morse, 1997; Dey, Abowd, & Wood, 1998; Lucas, 2001). By organizing and annotating the content, we develop a new way of managing it, while content management features are created to face efficiently the usability challenge. Context metadata helps the user find the content he needs by enabling single and multi-criteria searches (e.g., find photos taken in Paris last year), example-based searches (e.g., find all the video clips recorded in the same location as the selected video clip), and automatic content organization for efficient browsing (e.g., location-based content view, where the content is arranged hierarchically based on the content capture location and information about the hierarchical relationships of different locations).

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Conference papers on the topic "Photo Driven Devices"

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Woodward, T. K., B. Tell, W. H. Knox, J. B. Stark, and M. T. Asom. "Low-Responsivity GaAs/AlAs Asymmetric Fabry-Perot Modulators." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1993.ptua.2.

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Absorption-based light modulators are attractive because they can be made compact and in high densities, operating with light normal to the plane of the device. The intrinsic power dissipation of such a modulator is simply the absorbed optical power, which (neglecting radiative recombination) must be dissipated in the device. However, most of the total dissipation in electrically-driven multiple quantum well (MQW) modulators operating with light incident normal to the device plane is non-intrinsic, resulting from motion of photo-generated carriers in externally applied electric fields. For example, in a pin MQW device biased to 5 V, motion of photo-generated electron-hole pairs through the total potential= V + V bi deposits about 6.3 eV of energy, 5 eV of which is non-intrinsic. Minimizing the overall dissipation in these devices is important, because it ultimately determines the packing density and the maximum optical input power.

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Kawazu, T., T. Noda, and Y. Sakuma. "Photo-induced Current in n-AlGaAs/GaAs Heterojunction Field-effect Transistor Driven by Local Illumination at Edge Regions of Schottky Metal Gate." In 2016 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2016.n-3-03.

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Rahman, Mosfequr, Masud Nawaz, and John E. Jackson. "Experimental Investigation on the Use of Photostrictive Optical Actuator for MEMS Devices and Verification With the FEA Modeling Results." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65581.

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Photostrictive materials are lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti) O3 ceramics doped with WO3, called PLZT, exhibit large photostriction under uniform illumination of high-energy light. Photostrictive materials are ferrodielectric ceramics that have a photostrictive effect. Photostriction arises from a superposition of the photovoltaic effect, i.e. the generation of large voltage from the irradiation of light, and the converse-piezoelectric effect, i.e. expansion or contraction under the voltage applied. When non-centrosymmetric materials, such as ferroelectric single crystals or polarized ferroelectric ceramics, are uniformly illuminated, a high voltage, considerably exceeding the band gap energy, is generated. Along with this photovoltage, mechanical strain is also induced due to the converse piezoelectric effect. Photostrictive materials offer the potential for actuators with many advantages over traditional transducing electromechanical actuators made of shape memory alloys and electroceramics (piezoelectric and electrostrictive). Drawback of traditional actuators is that they require hard-wired connections to transmit the control signals which introduce electrical noise into the control signals; on the other hand PLZT actuators offer non-contact actuation, remote control, and immune from electric/magnetic disturbances. Some experimental research has been conducted on the use of PLZT materials, such as optical motor as an electromechanical device suitable for miniaturization, micro-waking machine, photo driven relay device using PLZT bimorphs and high speed (less than 10 ns), low-voltage, low power consumption optical switch. Authors have developed a computational method and implemented in an in-house finite element code which will be useful for designing systems incorporating thin film photostrictive actuators. The purpose of this current research work is to design and develop an experimental test set-up for photostriction effect measurement of PLZT thin film of different thickness, size and location on silicon wafer as smart beams, which may be useful for various MEMS device as optical actuator. The experimental results will be verified by comparing with the FEA modeling results.

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See, P., M. B. Ward, O. Z. Karimov, Z. Yuan, A. J. Shields, T. Farrow, P. Atkinson, and D. A. Ritchie. "An electrically driven microcavity single photon source." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2006, edited by Kurt G. Eyink and Diana L. Huffaker. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.646152.

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Oberai, Ankush, and Jiann-Shiun Yuan. "Fault Localization by Finding Schematic of Devices Connecting All Emission Sites in Photon Emission Microscope Image." In ISTFA 2017. ASM International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0176.

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Abstract The work presented here is related to the utilization of computer aided design (CAD) Navigation tools in combination with images from Emission Microscope (EMMI) to improve the accuracy and efficiency of Failure Analysis. The paper presents the flow to quickly identify the failing device by taking the photon emission microscope image and CAD data as input. EMMI is used extensively for detecting leakage current resulting from device defects, e.g., gate oxide defects/ leakage, latch-up, electrostatic discharge (ESD) failure, junction leakage, etc. This emitted light is captured as hotspots on the image. A typical photon emission microscope image has a series of photon emission spots initiated by one physical defect. Not all emission spots may be defects; for example, emissions are shown during normal saturation or switching mode of the transistor. This results in multiple connectivity path between these spots which failure analysis (FA) engineer may want to analyze. The FA engineer wants to detect the one failed device which causes multiple other devices to show false hotspots. The work presented in this paper involves identifying all the devices beneath the hotspot areas, processing the connectivity of the found devices and extracting the schematic for all the devices beneath these hotspots. The connectivity between the devices could be direct connections through nets or indirect through “transmission gates”. The extracted schematic helps the FA engineer focus the FA work on critical devices such as a driver and enables faster and more accurate fault localization. The work in the paper shows the extraction of critical path of devices and their connectivity.

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Zirbel, Shannon. "Symmetry in a Bistable MEMS Device With Force Gage and Comb Drive." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87606.

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This photo shows a bistable microelectromechanical (MEMS) device that incorporates many common elements of microsystems, including the comb drive and force gage. This device also is designed to exhibit bistable behavior. The photo emphasizes the symmetry of the device.

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Maruo, Shoji. "Optically driven microfluidic devices produced by two-photon microfabrication." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2014.am4l.3.

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Enzmann, Roland, Christian Jendrysik, Christian Seidl, Andreas Heindl, Daniela Baierl, Gerhard Bohm, Ralf Meyer, Jonathan Finley, and Markus-Christian Amann. "Towards an Electro-Optical Driven Single Photon Device." In 2008 8th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano.2008.27.

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Lowenthal, Dennis D., Charles Miyake, Dave Cunningham, Dean Guyers, Charles Hamilton, Frank Braun, and J. J. Ewing. "High-efficiency, Q-switched, mode-locked KTP OPO." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.tuww2.

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We have demonstrated an efficient, synchronously pumped, doubly resonant, KTP optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The efficiencies achieved are in excess of 60% for conversion to 2.128 μm by using a conventional mode-locked and Q-switched Nd:YAG 1.064-μm driver source. In some applications this device may be more attractive than directly using a 2.1-μm laser source. The quantum efficiency of the OPO is unity because it operates at the degenerate point (both the signal and idler waves have essentially the same wavelength at 2.128 μm), and both the signal and idler waves can be extracted to provide equally useful output power. Consequently, the overall conversion efficiency is equal to the photon conversion efficiency. Since the OPO is degenerate, it is also doubly resonant, but it does not suffer from the instability problems commonly associated with such devices. This is in part due to the large nonlinear drive, high output coupling (>95%), and simultaneous existence of many longitudinal modes. Normally, a degenerate OPO has a large frequency bandwidth. However, in KTP the phase matching must be type II, and this provides a narrow bandwidth at degeneracy of approximately 5 cm−1. This fact is extremely important for driving subsequent nonlinear stages. By using the 2-μm output power as a drive source, we have achieved frequency downconversion into the mid-IR in synchronously pumped AgGaSe2 OPO’s and we achieved 40% conversion of 2.128 μm to 3.8 plus 4.8 μm.

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Patel, Raj B., Anthony J. Bennett, Ken Cooper, Paola Atkinson, Christine A. Nicoll, David A. Ritchie, and Andrew J. Shields. "Generation of identical photons using an electrically driven single-photon source." In SPIE OPTO: Integrated Optoelectronic Devices, edited by Kurt G. Eyink, Frank Szmulowicz, and Diana L. Huffaker. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.808150.

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