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Journal articles on the topic 'Phosphorus compounds'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Timperley, Christopher M., Michael Bird, John F. Broderick, Ian Holden, Ian J. Morton, and Matthew J. Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 104, no. 2 (July 2000): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00248-7.

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2

Timperley, Christopher M., John F. Broderick, Ian Holden, Ian J. Morton, and Matthew J. Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 106, no. 1 (October 2000): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00284-0.

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3

Timperley, Christopher M., Ian Holden, Ian J. Morton, and Matthew J. Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 106, no. 2 (December 2000): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00327-4.

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4

Timperley, Christopher M., David J. Sellers, and Matthew J. Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 107, no. 1 (January 2001): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00394-8.

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5

Timperley, Christopher M., and Matthew J. Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 109, no. 2 (July 2001): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(01)00362-1.

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6

Timperley, Christopher M., Robert E. Arbon, Sally A. Saunders, and Matthew J. Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 113, no. 1 (January 2002): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(01)00468-7.

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7

Timperley, Christopher M., Stephen N. Marriott, and Matthew J. Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 113, no. 1 (January 2002): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(01)00493-6.

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8

Timperley, Christopher M., Sally A. Saunders, Josef Szpalek, and Matthew J. Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 119, no. 2 (February 2003): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(02)00239-7.

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9

Akbaş, Hüseyin, Aytuğ Okumuş, Ahmet Karadağ, Zeynel Kılıç, Tuncer Hökelek, L. Yasemin Koç, Leyla Açık, Betül Aydın, and Mustafa Türk. "Phosphorus–nitrogen compounds." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 123, no. 2 (September 15, 2015): 1627–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-5001-6.

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10

Timperley, Christopher M., Sue Kirkpatrick, Mark Sandford, and Matthew J. Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 126, no. 6 (June 2005): 902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.03.026.

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11

Timperley, Christopher M., Michael Bird, and Matthew J. Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 126, no. 6 (June 2005): 892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.03.027.

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12

Timperley, Christopher M., and Matthew Waters. "Fluorinated phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 126, no. 8 (August 2005): 1144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.04.016.

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13

Liu, Chuan, Ping Zhang, Yongqian Shi, Xiaohui Rao, Suncheng Cai, Libi Fu, Yuezhan Feng, Liancong Wang, Xueqin Zheng, and Wei Yang. "Enhanced Fire Safety of Rigid Polyurethane Foam via Synergistic Effect of Phosphorus/Nitrogen Compounds and Expandable Graphite." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 4741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204741.

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In order to explore highly efficient flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), phosphorus/nitrogen compounds and expandable graphite (EG) were successfully incorporated into RPUF by a free one-spot method. The combustion results showed that the fire safety of the RPUF samples was remarkably improved by the addition of phosphoric/nitrogen compounds and EG. With the incorporation of 22.4 wt.% phosphorus/nitrogen compounds and 3.2 wt.% EG, the RPUF composites achieved UL-94 V-0 rating. Besides, the total heat release and total smoke release of RPUF composites were reduced by 29.6% and 32.4% respectively, compared to those of the pure RPUF sample. PO• and PO2• together with nonflammable gaseous products were evolved from phosphoric/nitrogen compounds in the gas phase, which quenched the flammable free radicals in the matrix and diluted the concentration of combustible gaseous products generated from PRUF during combustion. The compact char residues which acted as excellent physical barriers were formed by catalysis of EG and phosphoric/nitrogen compounds in the condense phase. The fire hazard of RPUF was significantly reduced by the synergistic effect of phosphorus-nitrogen compounds and EG. This work provides a promising strategy to enhance the fire safety of RPUF.

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14

Gorazda, Katarzyna, Zygmunt Kowalski, and Zbigniew Wzorek. "From sewage sludge ash to calcium phosphate fertilizers." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 14, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-012-0084-3.

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Our work presents the results of the research on the utilization of ashes after sewage sludge combustion comprising phosphorus recovery in the form of useful products. The investigations were divided into three parts: selecting the combustion parameters of sewage sludge, examining ash leaching with mineral acids (nitric and phosphoric) to high phosphorus selectivity assuring a low content of iron and heavy metals in the extracted solutions and precipitation of CaHPO4 .2H2O. Suitable temperature of a sewage sludge combustion enables selective extraction of phosphorus compounds from ash because of hematite phase forming, insoluble in mineral acids. The extracts from phosphoric acid leaching, where the extraction of phosphorus compounds was 96.1%, have very good properties for its further use as the initial solution for CaHPO4 .2H2O with 6% lime milk. The obtained product is characterized by high purity and phosphorus availability compatible even with the feed phosphate standard.

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15

Jäger, Lothar. "Cyanamide Substituted Phosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 109, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509608046222.

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16

Jäger, Lothar. "Cyanamide Substituted Phosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 109, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509608545114.

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17

Müller, Christian. "Low-Coordinate Phosphorus Compounds." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2016, no. 5 (February 2016): 569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201600057.

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18

Martynov, I. V., A. Yu Aksinenko, A. N. Chekhlov, A. N. Pushin, and V. B. Sokolov. "New hexacoordinated phosphorus compounds." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Division of Chemical Science 36, no. 7 (July 1987): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01557558.

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19

Mindubaev, Anton Z., Elena K. Badeeva, Salima T. Minzanova, Lubov G. Mironova, Ilias S. Nizamov, Nadezhda R. Khasiyatullina, Ludmila M. Pirut, Ekaterina E. Barskaya, Edward V. Babynin, and Yaw Abayie Akosah. "Biodegradation of a phosphorus compounds by the culture of black aspergill." Butlerov Communications 60, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-1.

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The biological degradation of white phosphorus, which is being studied by our team is without a doubt a phenomenon of scientific novelty and practical significance. In a decade of studying this phenomenon, we have achieved significant results. However, the field of application of white and yellow phosphorus is rather a narrow one, and this imposes a limitation on the applicability of our method for the neutralization of industrial wastes. Accordingly, an interesting and important path of focus is to expand the spectrum of substances neutralized by the microbial cultures studied by our team. It is thus logical to commence such a major study with phosphorus compounds, since fungal cultures were adapted for the biodegradation of substances containing this element. In this regard, it should be pointed out that, white phosphorus cannot be metabolized to phosphate in one stage; metabolites are formed with intermediate oxidation states of phosphorus. Therefore, it can be assumed that microorganisms that neutralize white phosphorus should be capable of biodegradation of a whole spectrum of phosphorus compounds. We tested this hypothesis experimentally. It was uncovered that Aspergillus niger AM1 posseses the ability to use red phosphorus, triamide of phosphoric acid, phosphomolybdic acid, substituted dithiophosphate and organophosphorus matter as sources of phosphorus. In addition, in the present work, we describe attempts made to increase the concentration of white phosphorus in the culture medium to values above 1%. To do this, we added olive oil (a solvent in which white phosphorus is relatively soluble) to the culture medium. It turned out that in the presence of this component, the minimum inhibitory concentration of white phosphorus drops abruptly.

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20

Nachbauer, Anja, Uwe Bergsträßer, Stefan Leininger, and Manfred Regitz. "Organophosphorus Compounds; 124. Phosphorus-Phosphorus Bond Cleavage in Phosphorus-Carbon Cage Compounds Containing a Diphosphirane Moiety." Synthesis 1998, no. 04 (April 1998): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1998-2045.

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21

Zhao, Siheng, Bo Xu, Hao Shan, Qinglei Zhang, and Xiangdong Wang. "How Do Phosphorus Compounds with Different Valence States Affect the Flame Retardancy of PET?" Polymers 15, no. 8 (April 17, 2023): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15081917.

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This work investigated the effect of different valence states of phosphorus-containing compounds on thermal decomposition and flame retardancy of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Three polyphosphates—PBPP with +3-valence P, PBDP with +5-valence P and PBPDP with both +3/+5-valence P—were synthesized. The combustion behaviors of flame-retardant PET were studied and the structure–property relationships between the phosphorus-based structures with different valence states and flame-retardant properties were further explored. It was found that phosphorus valence states significantly affected the flame-retardant modes of action of polyphosphate in PET. For the phosphorus structures with +3-valence, more phosphorus-containing fragments were released in the gas phase, inhibiting polymer chain decomposition reactions; by contrast, those with +5-valence phosphorus retained more P in the condensed phase, promoting the formation of more P-rich char layers. It is worth noting that the polyphosphate containing both +3/+5-valence phosphorous tended to combine the advantage of phosphorus structures with two valence states and balance the flame-retardant effect in the gas phase and condensed phase. These results contribute to guiding the design of specified phosphorus-based structures of flame-retardant compounds in polymer materials.

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22

Puziy, Alexander M., Olga I. Poddubnaya, Barbara Gawdzik, Magdalena Sobiesiak, and Myroslav Sprynskyy. "Structural Evolution of Polyimide-Derived Carbon during Phosphoric Acid Activation." C 8, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c8030047.

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Carbon adsorbents were obtained by carbonization of polyimide polymer with and without the presence of phosphoric acid at temperatures in the range of 400–1000 °C. Carbons produced in the presence of phosphoric acid have been demonstrated to contain up to 13.2% phosphorus. The structure of phosphorus-containing compounds was investigated by XPS and 31P MAS NMR methods. Deconvolution of the P 2p peak with variable binding energy showed the presence of only phosphates/polyphosphates. However, a low value of the O/P ratio is an indirect indication of the possible presence of phosphonates. A 31P MAS NMR study revealed the existence of several kinds of phosphates as well as a minor quantity (1–9%) of phosphonates. All discovered phosphorus-containing compounds are acidic and therefore give carbon the ability to absorb metal cations. The study of copper ion adsorption demonstrated that phosphorus-containing carbon shows a significant adsorption capability even in extremely acidic conditions. At pH 3–6, phosphorus-containing carbon may completely remove copper from the aqueous solution. Phosphorus-containing carbon has a higher adsorption capacity for copper ions than ion exchange resins with carboxyl or sulfo groups.

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23

Abakumov, G. A., N. O. Druzhkov, G. G. Kazakov, G. K. Fukin, R. V. Rumyantcev, and V. K. Cherkasov. "N-heterocyclic compounds of phosphorus based ON N,N-disubstituted 9,10-phenanthrenediimines." Доклады Академии наук 489, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524894368-372.

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N‑heterocyclic phospholes based on N,N-disubstituted 9,10-phenanthrenediimines were synthesized. Dimeric 1,3,2-diazaphospholes were obtained by reduction of 2-bromo diazaphospholes. In case phenanthrediimine with the most sterically hindrance, diphosphole can dissociate into phosphorus-centered radicals at record low temperatures (220 K) for this class. This behavior will allow the synthesis of new metal complexes and phosphorus-organic compounds under mild conditions.

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24

Baldus, Hans-Peter, Roger Blachnik, Peter Loennecke, and Bruce W. Tattershall. "Phosphorus-31 and selenium-77 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of phosphorus-poor phosphorous selenide compounds." Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, no. 10 (1991): 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9910002643.

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25

Umemoto, Hironobu, Taijiro Kanemitsu, and Yuki Kuroda. "Catalytic decomposition of phosphorus compounds to produce phosphorus atoms." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 53, no. 5S1 (January 1, 2014): 05FM02. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.53.05fm02.

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26

Linh, Pham Thi Thuy, and Hoang Thi Dong Quy. "Thermoplastic polyurethane flame retardant using phosphorus/phosphorus-nitrogen compounds." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v2i1.680.

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In order to improve fire performance of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material, halogen-free flame retardants (triphenylphosphate- TPP and diamonium hydrogen phosphate-DAP) were studied in an attempt to obtain UL-94V ratings. The fire behaviors and thermal stability properties were evaluated using UL-94 vertical test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The UL- 94V results showed that V-0 ratings were achieved at 5 wt% of DAP or 7.5 wt% loading of TPP. The incorporation of these flame retardant (FR) increases the flame retardant properties as well as the amounts of charred residues protecting the mixture from further degradation. This assertion could be accepted when observing that the char residual of TPU/DAP mixture at 500–600oC was much higher than that of neat TPU. The char layer limited the amount of fuel available and insulate the underlying composite material from the flame and, thus, make further degradation more difficult. The mechanism of flame retardants was also discussed in this study.

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27

Bettermann, Gerhard, Petra Look, Dietmar Schomburg, and Reinhard Schmutzler. "Reactions of Phosphorus-Phosphorus Bonded Mixed-Valence Diphosphorus Compounds." Phosphorous and Sulfur and the Related Elements 30, no. 1-2 (March 1987): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086648708080629.

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28

HOLMES, R. R., T. K. PRAKASHA, and S. D. PASTOR. "ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus(III) and Phosphorus(V) Heterocyclic Compounds." ChemInform 26, no. 42 (August 17, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199542307.

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29

von Hänisch, Carsten, and Sven Stahl. "Synthesis of Macrocyclic Aluminum–Phosphorus and Gallium–Phosphorus Compounds." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45, no. 14 (March 27, 2006): 2302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200503531.

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30

Du, Tian-ming, Hai-sheng Yang, and Xu-feng Niu. "Phosphorus-containing compounds regulate mineralization." Materials Today Chemistry 22 (December 2021): 100579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100579.

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31

Nyulászi, László, and Tamás Veszprémi. "The Aromaticity of Phosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 109, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509608046210.

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32

Nikonov, Georgii N., and Anna S. Balueva. "Compounds containing phosphorus and boron." Russian Chemical Reviews 61, no. 3 (March 31, 1992): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1992v061n03abeh000948.

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33

Nyulászi, László, and Tamás Veszprémi. "The Aromaticity of Phosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 109, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509608545102.

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34

Kolomeitsev, Alexander, Michaela Görg, Uwe Dieckbreder, Enno Lork, and Gerd-Volker Röschenthaler. "Advances in Trifluoromethylating Phosphorus Compounds." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 109, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509608545224.

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35

Weiss, Robert, and Stefan Engel. "Poly-Onio Substituted Phosphorus Compounds." Synthesis 1991, no. 12 (1991): 1077–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1991-26682.

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36

Riesel, L., D. Lindemann, C. Löwe, F. Salomon, J. Haenel, and M. Kant. "Fluoridolysis reactions of phosphorus compounds." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 54, no. 1-3 (September 1991): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)83690-8.

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37

Wackett, Lawrence P. "Microbes and Reduced Phosphorus Compounds." Environmental Microbiology Reports 7, no. 4 (July 21, 2015): 687–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12317.

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38

Barthold, Claudia L., and Joshua G. Schier. "Organic Phosphorus Compounds—Nerve Agents." Critical Care Clinics 21, no. 4 (October 2005): 673–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2005.05.010.

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39

Morrow, Janet R., Paul Savino, Luyun Huang, and Anthony Perri. "Hypervalent phosphorus compounds as ligands." Heteroatom Chemistry 9, no. 7 (1998): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1071(1998)9:7<699::aid-hc16>3.0.co;2-p.

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40

Mindubaev, Anton Z., Elena K. Badeeva, Salima T. Minzanova, Lubov’ G. Mironova, Edward V. Babynin, Ilias S. Nizamov, Khasan R. Khayarov, and Akosah Yaw Abayie. "Metabolism of phosphorus compoundsand taxonomic position of the Aspergillus niger AM1 mold." Butlerov Communications 62, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 98–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-6-98.

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White phosphorus is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. However, it is used in industry and for military purposes; therefore, it is impossible to overlook the fact that this substance is constantly released into the environment. In our works, cultures of microorganisms growing in media with a content of white phosphorus up to 1% were obtained for the first time. This exceeds the TLV in wastewater by 5000 times! These cultures are unique, and they are only in our possession. For the first time, cultures were grown in media containing white phosphorus as the sole source of phosphorus. In these environments, microorganisms grew without experiencing phosphorus starvation. That is, they oxidized white phosphorus to phosphate, which is necessary for vital activity! This is first ever example of the inclusion of white phosphorus in the biospheric circulation of the phosphorus element. It turned out that microorganisms that neutralize elemental phosphorus are able to biodegrade most of the spectrum of phosphorus compounds. Our studies of the metabolism of phosphorus-containing compounds of various classes confirm this. Since the chemistry of phosphorus is diverse, it is necessary to collect significant material on the metabolism of many classes of compounds. In this article, we describe the continuation of this work. It turned out that Aspergillus niger AM1 is able to utilize dithiophosphate of the simplest structure as sources of phosphorus, but is not able to utilize substituted dithiophosphonate. In addition, in the present work, we clarified the previously obtained results on the metabolism of phosphoric acid ester and phosphoramide.The NMR method demonstrated that A. niger AM1 slowly metabolizes hypophosphite resulting from the biodegradation of white phosphorus, but does not metabolize phosphite. The NMR data conforms to fungal growth dynamics with these substances in media. Also, was first studied phylogenetic relationship of A. niger AM1 with biodegradable A. niger and A. bombycis strains from the NCBI database.

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41

Lee, Sang-Hoon, Seung-Won Oh, Young-Hee Lee, Il-Jin Kim, Dong-Jin Lee, Jae-Chun Lim, Cha-Cheol Park, and Han-Do Kim. "Preparation and properties of flame-retardant epoxy resins containing reactive phosphorus flame retardant." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502090132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020901323.

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To prepare flame-retardant epoxy resin, phosphorus compound containing di-hydroxyl group (10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha phenanthrene-10-oxide, DOPO-HQ) was reacted with uncured epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, YD-128) and then cured using a curing agent (dicyandiamide, DICY). This study focused on the effect of phosphorus compound/phosphorus content on physical properties and flame retardancy of cured epoxy resin. The thermal decomposition temperature of the cured epoxy resins (samples: P0, P1.5, P2.0, and P2.5, the number represents the wt% of phosphorus) increased with increasing the content of phosphorus compound/phosphorus (0/0, 19.8/1.5, 27.8/2.0, and 36.8/2.5 wt%) based on epoxy resin. The impact strength of the cured epoxy resin increased significantly with increasing phosphorus compound content. As the phosphorus compound/phosphorus content increased from 0/0 to 36.8/2.5 wt%, the glass transition temperature (the peak temperature of loss modulus curve) increased from 135.2°C to 142.0°C. In addition, as the content of phosphorous compound increased, the storage modulus remained almost constant up to higher temperature. The limiting oxygen index value of cured epoxy resin increased from 21.1% to 30.0% with increasing phosphorus compound/phosphorus content from 0/0 to 36.8/2.5 wt%. The UL 94 V test result showed that no rating for phosphorus compounds less than 19.8 wt% and V-1 for 27.8 wt%. However, when the phosphorus compound was 36.8 wt%, the V-0 level indicating complete flame retardancy was obtained. In conclusion, the incorporation of phosphorus compounds into the epoxy chain resulted in improved properties such as impact strength and heat resistance, as well as a significant increase in flame retardancy.

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42

NACHBAUER, A., U. BERGSTRAESSER, S. LEININGER, and M. REGITZ. "ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphorus Compounds. Part 124. Phosphorus-Phosphorus Bond Cleavage in Phosphorus-Carbon Cage Compounds Containing a Diphosphirane Moiety." ChemInform 29, no. 27 (June 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199827227.

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43

Rantala, Pirjo-Riitta, and Hannu Wirola. "Solid, slightly soluble phosphorus compounds as nutrient source in activated sludge treatment of forest industry wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1997): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0500.

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The aim of the study was to determine if solid, slightly soluble compounds can be used as nutrient source in activated sludge treatment plants instead of liquid phosphoric acid. Four different solid materials were tested in lab-scale solubility tests to find compounds which are least soluble. Two materials were chosen for further studies: apatite and raw phosphate. The use of apatite and raw phosphate as nutrient source was studied in lab-scale activated sludge reactors along with a control reactor where phosphorus was added in liquid form. The phosphorus dosage, measured as elementary phosphorus, was the same for all three reactors. The reactors were fed with pre-clarified chemi-thermomechanical pulp mill (CTMP) wastewater. There were no significant differences in the reductions of organic matter between the three reactors. The mean effluent concentration of total phosphorus was 3 mg P/l in the control reactor and less than 1 mg P/1 in the other two reactors. The soluble phosphorus concentration was more than 2 mg P/l in the control reactor and less than 0.5 mg P/l in the other two. Apatite was an even better nutrient source than raw phosphate. Further lab-scale tests were conducted using two different grain sizes of apatite. No significant differences were found between the studied grain sizes (<0.074 mm and 0.074 mm-0.125 mm). Apatite was then used in full-scale at a CTMP-mill two different times. The experiments showed that the mean concentrations of phosphorus can be reduced radically by using apatite as a nutrient source instead of liquid phosphorus. Solid phosphorus compounds are a viable alternative to reduce the phosphorus load from forest industry wastewater treatment plants.

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44

Kiyokawa, Kensuke, Itaru Suzuki, Makoto Yasuda, and Akio Baba. "Synthesis of Cyclopropane-Containing Phosphorus Compounds by Radical Coupling of Butenylindium with Iodo Phosphorus Compounds." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2011, no. 11 (March 3, 2011): 2163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201001471.

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45

Green, Joseph. "A Review of Phosphorus- Containing Flame Retardants." Journal of Fire Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 1996): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419601400504.

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Phosphorus-containing flame retardants include red phosphorus, inorganic phosphates, organophosphorus compounds and chlorophosphorus compounds. These are reviewed showing chemical structure and major applica tions. U.S., Western Europe and Japanese producers are given along with their trade names. Intumescent phosphorus systems and compounds are discussed.

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46

Gillman, Jeffrey H., and Carl J. Rosen. "370 Iron and Iron Compounds Reduce Phosphorus Leaching from Nursery Containers." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 456B—456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.456b.

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Phosphorus contamination of surface water is a growing problem associated with container production of nursery plants. Iron and iron compounds have the ability to adsorb phosphorus and render it immobile. Incorporating iron compounds into media at the base of nursery containers serves to filter out phosphorus from fertilizers while still allowing the plant to collect enough phosphorus to grow. Two experiments were devised. The first experiment examined how much phosphorus various iron compounds would adsorb. Metallic iron adsorbed the most phosphorus, followed by HCl reacted magnetite (a form of iron ore), Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and magnetite. In the second experiment, PVC tubes (4 cm inner diam.) were filled to a level of 5 cm with a phosphorus adsorbing layer containing growing media that was 25% or 50% by weight iron compounds. Compounds included metallic iron, HCl reacted magnetite and magnetite. Plain media was used as a control. A layer of 15 cm of media and slow-release fertilizer was applied above the adsorptive layer. One hundred milliliters of distilled water was applied to PVC tubes daily to simulate irrigation. Metallic iron reduced phosphorus leachate to almost 0 for over 2 weeks. HCl reacted magnetite was also effective in reducing phosphorus leachate. Magnetite only affected phosphorus leachate slightly.

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47

BREIT, B., A. HOFFMANN, U. BERGSTRAESSER, L. RICARD, F. MATHEY, and M. REGITZ. "ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus Compounds. Part 77. The First Carbon-Phosphorus-Aluminum Cage Compounds: Cyclooligomerization of Phosphaalkynes with Trialkylaluminum Compounds." ChemInform 25, no. 50 (August 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199450191.

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48

Shteinberg, Leon. "CATALYSIS BY PHOSPHORUS AND SILICON COMPOUNDS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF OXYNAPHTOIC ACID ANILIDES." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 89, no. 1 (February 24, 2023): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.89.01.2023.46-59.

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Catalysis of the acylation of aniline with 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic and 1-hydroxy-4-naphthoic acids by phosphorus P(III) and silicon Si(IV) compounds leads to the formation anilides of the corresponding hydroxynaphthoic acids under mild conditions (ortho-xylene, 146.5–147 °C) in almost quantitative yield. Among P(III) phosphorus trichloride and tribromide; phosphorous, 1-hydroxyethylidene-diphosphonic, pyrophosphorous and metaphosphorous acids; trimethyl-, dimethyl- and diethylphosphites; phosph(III)azan proved to be active catalysts; among Si(IV) – trichloro-(methyl)silane, dichloro(ethyl)silane, dichloro(dimethyl)silane, tetrachlorosilane and tetraethoxysilane are active. The catalysts were used in an amount of only 2% mole. from hydroxynaphthoic acid, which is 15–35 times less than the conventional use of the same compounds as condensing agents in the synthesis of carboxylic acid arylamides. P(V) compounds, thionyl chloride, and sulfuryl chloride practically do not exhibit catalytic activity. The presence of catalytic activity only in P(III) compounds, capable of forming phosphorous acid in the reaction mass, does not contradict to the previously proposed mechanism of P = O-nucleophilic catalysis for the reaction of substituted benzoic acids with aniline catalyzed by PCl3. In general, the use of P(III) and Si(IV) compounds as catalysts in the preparation of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxynaphthoic acid anilides successfully complements the range of catalysts, based on Ti(IV) compounds, previously used in the formation of substituted benzoic and naphthoic acid anilides (containing no aromatically bonded hydroxy group), allowing to create a universal method for their synthesis.

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49

Kabachnik, M. I., D. I. Lobanov, N. V. Matrosova, P. V. Petrovskii, and A. N. Nesmeyanov. "Synthesis of Hexa- and Pentacoordinated Phosphorus Compounds from White Phosphorus." Phosphorus and Sulfur and the Related Elements 30, no. 3-4 (April 1987): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086648708079271.

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50

Lisiak, Maria J. "The effect of sodium humate on the content of different types of phosphorus compounds and on the activity of acid phosphatases in tomato seedlings." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 53, no. 3 (2014): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1984.034.

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The effect of sodium humate on the level of some fractions of phosphorus compounds in the leaves and roots of tomatoes cultured in mediums with a full or reduced phosphorus dose was studied. A dependence was found between the presence of humate in the medium and an increase in the amount of some organic phosphorus compounds in the leaves (lipid phosphorus, easily hydrolyzed phosphorus compounds, nucleic acid phosphorus). In addition, humate lowered the activity of acid phosphatases which had been excessively increased due to the plants inadequate phosphate supply. The results suggest that Na-humate affects phosphorus metabolism not only in an indirect manner, but also directly through penetration of humic substances into the plant tissues.

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