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Academic literature on the topic 'Phosphorus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Phosphorus"

1

Pathak, Abhivyakti, Manish Kumar Verma, and Rajat Verma Shishu Pal Singh. "Phosphorus Deficiency Phosphorous Deficiency in Animals." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 2746–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12722.

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Taggart, Jacob B., Rebecca L. Ryan, Gustavious P. Williams, A. Woodruff Miller, Rachel A. Valek, Kaylee B. Tanner, and Anna C. Cardall. "Historical Phosphorus Mass and Concentrations in Utah Lake: A Case Study with Implications for Nutrient Load Management in a Sorption-Dominated Shallow Lake." Water 16, no. 7 (March 23, 2024): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16070933.

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Utah Lake is unusual due to its large surface area, shallow depth, phosphorus-rich sediments, and well-mixed, unstratified waters. This creates conditions where water column phosphorous concentrations tend toward equilibrium, with lake sediments containing high concentrations of geologic phosphorus. To help understand the potential impact of phosphorous load reductions, we computed a time history of phosphorus mass in the lake using state and federal records of lake volume, dissolved phosphorus concentrations, and outflow. We show that historically, Utah Lake phosphorus concentrations have remained stable over time, in the range of 0.02 to 0.04 mg/L, despite large changes in lake volume and internal phosphorus mass. We performed sorption calculations using data from the literature, demonstrating that it would take unrealistically large load changes to alter water column phosphorus concentrations under sorption processes. The sorption model produces results consistent with historical data that show relatively constant phosphorous concentrations despite large lake volume changes. We show, through several lines of evidence, that water column phosphorus concentrations are insensitive to external loads. Phosphorous load reduction is unlikely to have a significant effect on phosphorus concentrations in Utah Lake and, by extension, in other sorption-dominated shallow lakes with phosphorus-rich sediment.

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Juneja, Ankita, Chinmay Kurambhatti, Deepak Kumar, and Vijay Singh. "Techno-Economic Evaluation of Phosphorous Recovery in Soybean Biodiesel Process." Processes 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081512.

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The over-enrichment of phosphorus in waste streams can lead to eutrophication and oxygen limitations for aquatic life. To understand the release of phosphorus from a soybean processing facility, it is imperative to track the flow of phosphorus in different streams during the processing of soybeans. The objective of the study is to develop process simulation models to study the flow of phosphorus in the soy-biodiesel process and evaluate strategies to mitigate phosphorus release by recovering phosphorous from soapstock and wastewater. Since most of the P is found in soybean meal, the processing of which releases phosphorus, a third case of lecithin recovery was also studied to reduce the amount of phosphorous in soybean meal. It was observed that phosphorus can be economically recovered from the soapstock, as well as the wastewater stream, with an estimated operating cost of USD 1.65 and 3.62 per kg of phosphorous recovered, respectively. The phosphorus recovered from both streams can be potentially applied as fertilizer to more than 13,000 acres of corn or 96,000 acres of soybean, respectively. The lecithin recovery case was found to have the highest revenue, and it led to a 54% reduction in phosphorous during soybean meal processing.

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Mao, Yilin, Rongwei Xiong, Xiufang Gao, Li Jiang, Yancong Peng, and Yan Xue. "Analysis of the Status and Improvement of Microalgal Phosphorus Removal from Municipal Wastewater." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091486.

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Phosphorus, as one of the main pollutants in municipal sewage, has received increasing attention recently. Phosphorus recovery also increases the sustainable development of municipal wastewater. Since algae have the ability to effectively redirect nutrients, including phosphorus, from municipal sewage to algae biomass, municipal sewage treatments involving microalgae have piqued the interest of many researchers. The phosphorus removal depends on the potential of the microalgae to absorb, preserve, or degrade phosphorus in municipal wastewater. It is, therefore, of great interest to study the mechanisms underlying the absorption, storage, and degradation of phosphorus by microalgae to ensure the viability of this phosphorus removal process in wastewater. The objectives of this review were to summarize phosphorus metabolism in microalgae, examine key external and internal factors impacting phosphorous removal by microalgae from wastewater, and examine the status of phosphorous-metabolism-related research to improve our understanding of microalgae-based municipal wastewater treatments. In addition, the methods of recovery of microalgae after phosphorous removal were summarized to ensure the sustainability of municipal wastewater treatment. Finally, a potential approach using nanomaterials was proposed to enhance the overall phosphorous removal performance in municipal wastewater through the addition of nanoparticles such as magnesium and iron.

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Jonsson, Rasmus, Oana Mihai, Jungwon Woo, Magnus Skoglundh, Eva Olsson, Malin Berggrund, and Louise Olsson. "Gas-Phase Phosphorous Poisoning of a Pt/Ba/Al2O3 NOx Storage Catalyst." Catalysts 8, no. 4 (April 11, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8040155.

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The effect of phosphorous exposure on the NOx storage capacity of a Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst coated on a ceramic monolith substrate has been studied. The catalyst was exposed to phosphorous by evaporating phosphoric acid in presence of H2O and O2. The NOx storage capacity was measured before and after the phosphorus exposure and a significant loss of the NOx storage capacity was detected after phosphorous exposure. The phosphorous poisoned samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), N2-physisorption and inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). All characterization methods showed an axial distribution of phosphorous ranging from the inlet to the outlet of the coated monolith samples with a higher concentration at the inlet of the samples. Elemental analysis, using ICP-AES, confirmed this distribution of phosphorous on the catalyst surface. The specific surface area and pore volume were significantly lower at the inlet section of the monolith where the phosphorous concentration was higher, and higher at the outlet where the phosphorous concentration was lower. The results from the XPS and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses showed higher accumulation of phosphorus towards the surface of the catalyst at the inlet of the monolith and the phosphorus was to a large extent present in the form of P4O10. However, in the middle section of the monolith, the XPS analysis revealed the presence of more metaphosphate (PO3−). Moreover, the SEM-EDX analysis showed that the phosphorous to higher extent had diffused into the washcoat and was less accumulated at the surface close to the outlet of the sample.

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Haque, Shama E. "How Effective Are Existing Phosphorus Management Strategies in Mitigating Surface Water Quality Problems in the U.S.?" Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 6565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126565.

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Phosphorus is an essential component of modern agriculture. Long-term land application of phosphorous-enriched fertilizers and animal manure leads to phosphorus accumulation in soil that may become susceptible to mobilization via erosion, surface runoff and subsurface leaching. Globally, highly water-soluble phosphorus fertilizers used in agriculture have contributed to eutrophication and hypoxia in surface waters. This paper provides an overview of the literature relevant to the advances in phosphorous management strategies and surface water quality problems in the U.S. Over the past several decades, significant advances have been made to control phosphorus discharge into surface water bodies of the U.S. However, the current use of phosphorus remains inefficient at various stages of its life cycle, and phosphorus continues to remain a widespread problem in many water bodies, including the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Erie. In particular, the Midwestern Corn Belt region of the U.S. is a hotspot of phosphorous fertilization that has resulted in a net positive soil phosphorous balance. The runoff of phosphorous has resulted in dense blooms of toxic, odor-causing phytoplankton that deteriorate water quality. In the past, considerable attention was focused on improving the water quality of freshwater bodies and estuaries by reducing inputs of phosphorus alone. However, new research suggests that strategies controlling the two main nutrients, phosphorus and nitrogen, are more effective in the management of eutrophication. There is no specific solution to solving phosphorus pollution of water resources; however, sustainable management of phosphorus requires an integrated approach combining at least a reduction in consumption levels, source management, more specific regime-based nutrient criteria, routine soil fertility evaluation and recommendations, transport management, as well as the development of extensive phosphorus recovery and recycling programs.

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El-Behairy, U. A., S. W. Burrage, A. F. Abou-Hadid, and A. S. El-Beltagy. "THE EFFECT OF THE SOURCE OF PH-ADJUSTMENT ACIDS ON UPTAKE AND TRANSPORT OF THE IONS FOR CUCUMBER PLANTS GROWN IN NFT." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 453d—453. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.453d.

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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of using nitric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric: phosphoric 3:1 to adjust the pH in NFT solution on uptake and transport of phosphorus, zinc and manganese ions on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants cv. Farbiola. Phosphorus concentration was increased to about 450 ppm when phosphoric acid used to adjust the pH. Increasing phosphorus concentration in NFT solution did not increase % of phosphorus in the leaves, but increased it in the roots. As a result of increasing % of phosphorus in the root. Manganese and zinc transport were increased from the root to the leaves.

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Nervis, Juliana Alice Lösch, Aldi Feiden, Evandro Bilha Moro, Marlon Casarini Moreno, Sidnei Klein, and Wilson Rogério Boscolo. "Apparent digestibility of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) diets containing different levels of phosphorus." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, no. 6Supl2 (December 16, 2015): 4453. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6sup2p4453.

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The present study aimed to evaluate pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) diets and determine the apparent digestibility at different levels of phosphorus using the feces collection method with an intestinal dissection marker. A total of 320 pacu with average weights of 768.5±36.34 g were used, and they were distributed in four 5 m³ net cages. The fish were fed isonitrogenous (27%), isoenergetic (3000 kcal/kg) and isocalcium (1.50%) diets with total phosphorus levels of 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2%. The fish were incised with lateral openings to allow for feces removal from the rectum, and the fish were then sent for carcass chemical composition analysis. Significant differences were observed (P<0.01) between treatments for the apparent diet digestibility, apparent phosphorous digestibility, available phosphorus and residual phosphorus. There was a linear decrease in apparent diet digestibility and apparent phosphorus digestibility with increasing levels of phosphorous in the diet, and the highest values were observed for the diet with 0.6% total phosphorus. For available phosphorus and residual phosphorus, there was a linear increase based on total phosphorus levels in the diet. No significant differences were observed for the chemical composition of the pacu carcasses. Therefore, the greatest digestibility of total phosphorus in the diet obtained through dissection was observed in the diet containing 0.6% total phosphorus, and the different levels of phosphorus did not influence the chemical composition of the pacu carcasses.

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Tang, Zhi Ru, Yue Wen, and Qi Zhou. "Research on the Phosphorus Removal Mechanisms and Approaches in Various Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.599.

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This research studied that performances and mechanisms of phosphorus removal in three types of HSFCW: reed/gravel bed system (W1), multiple plants/gravel bed system (W2) and reed/multiple substrates bed system (W3). Spatial distribution and fractionation analysis of phosphorous in different substrates showed that the accumulated phosphorous in gravel, zeolite and steel slag were mainly in forms of Ca/Mg-P, residual-P and Fe/Al-P respectively. Biomass and phosphorus contained in plants harvested in early autumn was obviously higher than that contained in plants of late autumn, so the optimal harvest time should be late October. Among three systems, the phosphorus removal by adsorption and sedimentation of substrates accounted for 67%-76% of the total phosphorous removal and was the major channel for phosphorous removal. Removal by harvesting plants ranked second, accounting for 15%-21%. Other removal mechanisms accounted for about 10%. The research reveals that W3>W2>W1 in phosphorus removal efficiency in HSFCWs.

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Nervis, Juliana Alice Lösch, Aldi Feiden, Evandro Bilha Moro, Marlon Casarini Moreno, Sidnei Klein, and Wilson Rogério Boscolo. "Apparent digestibility of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) diets containing different levels of phosphorus." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 36, no. 6Supl2 (December 16, 2015): 4453. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6supl2p4453.

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<p>The present study aimed to evaluate pacu (<em>Piaractus mesopotamicus</em>) diets and determine the apparent digestibility at different levels of phosphorus using the feces collection method with an intestinal dissection marker. A total of 320 pacu with average weights of 768.5±36.34 g were used, and they were distributed in four 5 m³ net cages. The fish were fed isonitrogenous (27%), isoenergetic (3000 kcal/kg) and isocalcium (1.50%) diets with total phosphorus levels of 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2%. The fish were incised with lateral openings to allow for feces removal from the rectum, and the fish were then sent for carcass chemical composition analysis. Significant differences were observed (P<0.01) between treatments for the apparent diet digestibility, apparent phosphorous digestibility, available phosphorus and residual phosphorus. There was a linear decrease in apparent diet digestibility and apparent phosphorus digestibility with increasing levels of phosphorous in the diet, and the highest values were observed for the diet with 0.6% total phosphorus. For available phosphorus and residual phosphorus, there was a linear increase based on total phosphorus levels in the diet. No significant differences were observed for the chemical composition of the pacu carcasses. Therefore, the greatest digestibility of total phosphorus in the diet obtained through dissection was observed in the diet containing 0.6% total phosphorus, and the different levels of phosphorus did not influence the chemical composition of the pacu carcasses. </p>

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phosphorus"

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Wood, Paul Thomas. "Phosphorus-sulphur and phosphorus-selenium heterocycles." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47312.

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Hill, Micheal W. "Improving Phosphorus Use Efficiency Through Organically Bonded Phosphorus." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3469.

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Current maximum efficiency of phosphorus (P) fertilizers that is utilized by plants in the same year of application ranges from near zero to thirty percent. Despite low utilization of P in crop production, yields are often limited by P deficiencies. Innovative technology is requisite to achieve greater efficiency as fertilizer demands are increasing, while phosphorus mineral resources are rapidly being depleted. A growing environmental concern for nutrient pollution of surface waters also carries significant weight. A novel new product, Carbond® P, is promising technology to increase P use efficiency. Research is needed to understand its capabilities and the functioning mechanisms imbedded within its technology. Several research studies were conducted to evaluate Carbond® P (CBP) against traditional fertilizers ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP). A soil column leaching study was conducted to determine P mobility through three soils, at two rates (20 and 30 kg P ha-1) in either a banded or mixed soil application. Mobility of P was evaluated at 24, 48, 110 and 365 d after fertilization. CBP showed significantly greater total P leachate values across all soil types and application rates averaged across all readings taken until 365 daf for both application types. In the banded applications, CBP generally produced significantly greater solubility than MAP or APP up until 110 daf. For applications mixed with soil, CBP and MAP had greater solubility than APP at 24 days after application, but by the later evaluation dates (48 and 110 daf) the CBP was significantly higher than both MAP and APP. No statistical significance was found in the leachate P 365 daf in either the banded or mixed applications. One glasshouse study on maize (Zea mays L.) grown in three soils were conducted at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 kg P ha-1 comparing CBP and APP fertilizer impacts on early season growth. CBP produced significantly more biomass in two soils when averaged across rates (and at the 20 kg P ha-1 rate in a third soil), increased petiole P in one soil and thicker stems in another. Two field trials showed similar physiological advantages with CBP over APP at later growth stages. CBP maize responded with significantly more biomass and P uptake at the V12-V18 growth stages in one field, as well as plant height in another. At the R2-R3 growth stages, CBP also produced thicker stalks in both fields than APP. These growth enhancements were strongest in medium to highly calcareous soil (6-12 %) low in P (7 mg kg-1). These observations warrant the use of CBP and further investigation to understand its benefits and limitations.

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Jesiek, Julie B. "Phosphorus Management: An Analysis of the Virginia Phosphorus Index." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41298.

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Excess phosphorus (P) that is transported into water bodies can cause water quality problems. A high potential for P delivery occurs when there is a high transport potential from erosion, runoff, and/or leaching coupled with high soil test P and/or high rate of fertilizer P application. A management tool is needed to identify those fields that have a high transport and source potential to deliver P to surface water. The Virginia P-Index is a mass-based tool that estimates the annual risk of delivery of P from a given field to surface water. Guidelines on P application rates are then given based on the level of risk. This is a new tool and additional research and testing are needed to determine the dependability and validity of the index. The overall goal of the research was to contribute to the continued development of the Virginia P-Index as an effective P management tool. A sensitivity analysis was completed to identify the parameters to which the P-Index was most sensitive under a range of conditions. In low erosion and runoff conditions, the P-Index was most sensitive to P management factors including application rate. As erosion and runoff potential increased, the P-Index was most sensitive to the erosion risk factors including soil loss. Under conditions with subsurface leaching, the P-Index was most sensitive to the subsurface leaching factors and Mehlich I soil test P. A stochastic analysis was also conducted to determine the effects of parameter variability. Variability of the P-Index output was greater as the risk of P delivery increased and this could affect management recommendations. A survey was completed to determine expert opinion as to the appropriateness of parameter estimation methods used in the Virginia P-Index. Thirty-eight surveys were returned, representing a diverse range of participants within and outside of Virginia. Comments from the respondents were used to evaluate the appropriateness of the parameter methods. All factors were determined to be appropriate given the state of the science. Estimation methods for the following factors were determined to be less appropriate than the other sub-factors by the survey respondents: soil texture/drainage class, subsurface dissolved reactive orthophosphate (DRP), runoff delivery, and sediment delivery. The Virginia P-Index was determined to be a well thought out management tool and implementation should identify fields with the greatest risk of P delivery to surface water. Recommendations for improvement were identified including a need for additional analysis and studies.
Master of Science

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Bradford, Marie E. "The relationship between chemically analysed phosphorus fractions and bioavailable phosphorus /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66053.

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Huang, Qianwen. "Electrodeposition of Amorphous Alloys: Nickel Cobalt Phosphorus and Iron Phosphorus." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1465574470.

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Yue, Chaoyang. "Phosphorus recovery from a membrane enhanced biological phosphorus removal (MEBPR) process." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60775.

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Phosphorus is an essential yet limited element for sustaining life of human beings. Municipal wastewater contains rich phosphorus, which is not sufficiently recovered or recycled. This dissertation developed a system that could recover phosphorus from wastewater as struvite fertilizer (MgNH₄PO₄•6H₂O). Such a system included three major components — a membrane enhanced biological phosphorus removal (MEBPR) process, a side-stream unit to extract PO₄³⁻ and NH₄⁺ from wasted solids, and a struvite crystallizer. This dissertation focused on optimizing the first two steps through pilot- and bench-scale studies, respectively. The MEBPR process was tested at increasing solids retention time (SRT) to increase total phosphorus (TP) concentration in mixed liquor (ML). The operation at SRT = 60 days proved to be technically feasible and achieved comparable phosphorus removal (95−96 %) and organic carbon removal (91−92 %) to that observed during operation at the control SRT (25 days). The 60-day SRT operation also removed 14 % more nitrogen, wasted 17 % less dry solids, more than doubled the TP concentration of aerobic zone ML, but did not increase membrane fouling rates. Cost analyses showed that the energy requirements were 0.94 and 2.1 kWh/m³ of permeate for SRT = 25 and 60 days, both within the reported range for full-scale membrane bioreactors. To solve foaming problem in the MEBPR process, foam was characterized as an alternative resource for phosphorus recovery. Methods were assessed to extract phosphorus from ML and foam. With suitable conditions, microwave-based hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation process (MW-H₂O₂ AOP) could extract > 90 % of TP as PO₄-P from foam, and anaerobic P-release could extract up to 60 % from ML. Anaerobic digestion could extract 44−46 % of TP under digestion pHs, 64−65 % with pH ≤ 5.5, and generate sufficient NH₄⁺ that matched the quantities of PO₄³⁻ extracted. Finally, a system was proposed that included an MEBRP process operating at SRT = 60 days, and an anaerobic digester to extract both PO₄³⁻ and NH₄⁺. This system could recover about 60 % of the incoming phosphorus in the influent. To recover more phosphorus, MW-H₂O₂ AOP could be used after anaerobic digestion, whenever justified.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Haysom, Joan E. "Quantum well intermixing of indium gallium arsenide(phosphorus)/indium phosphorus heterostructures." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9400.

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This thesis studies several aspects of the interdiffusion of InGaAs(P)/InP quantum well (QW) heterostructures, from the fundamental defect mechanisms, through optimization of processing parameters, to novel device applications. Conclusions from each of these areas have been drawn which further the scientific understanding and the manufacturability of the technique. The thermal stability of a series of different wafers is studied to highlight how poor quality of growth can cause increased interdiffusion, and to review the requirements for achieving repeatable annealing. Purposeful and controlled interdiffusion is accomplished through the introduction of excess defects into layers above the QWs, which during a subsequent anneal, diffuse through the QWs and enhance interdiffusion of atoms of the QWs with atoms of the barriers. These excess defects are introduced using two different techniques, via growth at low temperatures (LT) using chemical beam epitaxy (CBE), and via implantation of phosphorus ions. The CBE LT growth technique is new, and reported for the first time in this thesis. Characterization of the as-grown layers leads us to believe that they have an excess of phosphorus. The diffusion rate of the mobile defects which cause the intermixing is also measured, and the interdiffusion is shown to occur predominantly on the group-V sublattice. Due to many similarities between this and the results of the implantation technique, it is proposed that these mobile defects are the same for both intermixing approaches, and that the behaviour can be explained by a phosphorus interstitial mechanism. Annealing recipes for the implantation-induced technique are optimized, and the sample-to-sample reproducibility of the blueshift for this method was found to be quite good (standard deviations of ∼6 meV on blueshifts of ∼70 meV). The lateral selectivity and refractive index changes are characterized, and used in combination to create novel buried waveguide devices.

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Billaid, Abdulbari Mohammed. "Factors affecting phosphorus availability and phosphorus-use efficiency in barley genotypes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=167708.

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Sorption/desorption equilibria control the concentrations of P in the soil solution and thereby both its chemical and bioavailability. Apart from the equilibrium phosphorus dynamic, which has been used to determine buffer power and the equilibrium concentration for the studied soils at Cruden Bay, Balmedie, Blairton Wood and Newburgh, the buffer power and equilibrium concentration were affected by the fertiliser incubation period. The differences in PBP and EPC were observed between the soils with high constituents of organic matter and clay in their texture and those which had sandy and sandy loam textures. The glasshouse study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between soil phosphorus availability and two contrasting spring barley genotypes. Both genotypes: Tocada and Natasha responded to added phosphate fertiliser in all treatments. The vegetative growth variations among the genotypes did not appear at different phosphorus levels for most of the studied soils. However, the study has revealed the differences in the root system of Tocada and Natasha in low phosphorus conditions. Tocada was prone to forming large root biomass when compared to Natasha in insufficient phosphorus conditions. Natasha behaved in the opposite way in sufficient phosphorus conditions. The findings of this study confirm that phosphorus use efficiency and root architecture of these genotypes are correlated with each other to exploit more available phosphorus in the rhizosphere. Both Agronomic and physiology Phosphorus use efficiency have been tested. Although the difference in agronomic phosphorus use efficiency among the genotypes was not recorded, some different observations in physiological phosphorus use efficiency among the genotypes were noticeable in some cases.

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Bhandari, Ammar B. "Improving phosphorus loss assessment with the apex model and phosphorus index." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32721.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Agronomy
Nathan O. Nelson
Agricultural fields contribute phosphorus (P) to water bodies, which can degrade water quality. The P index (PI) is a tool to assess the risk of P-loss from agricultural fields. However, due to limited measured data, P indices have not been rigorously evaluated. The Agricultural Policy/Environmental Extender (APEX) model could be used to generate P-loss datasets for P index evaluation and revision. The objectives of the study were to i) determine effects of APEX calibration practices on P-loss estimates from diverse management systems, ii) determine fertilizer and poultry litter management effects on P-loss, iii) evaluate and update the Kansas PI using P-loss simulated by APEX and iv) determine appropriate adsorption isotherms with advection-dispersion equation with column leaching experiment. Runoff data from field studies in Franklin and Crawford counties were used to calibrate and validate APEX. Poultry litter and inorganic fertilizer application timing, rate, method, and soil test P concentration effects on P loss were analyzed using location-specific models. A column leaching laboratory study was also conducted to test the adsorption isotherms. Location-specific model satisfactorily simulated runoff, total P (TP) and dissolved P (DP) loss meeting minimum model performance criteria for 2/3 of the tests whereas management-specific models only met the criteria in 1/3 of the tests. Applying manure or fertilizer during late fall resulted in relatively lower TP loss compared to spring applications before planting. The Kansas-PI rating and the APEX simulated P-loss were correlated with r² of 0.40 (p<0.001). Adjusting the weighting factors for Prate, soil test P, and erosion improved the correlation (r² = 0.46; p<0.001. Using a component PI structure and determining the weighting factors by multiple linear regression substantially improved the correlation between the PI and TP loss (r² = 0.69; p<0.001). In the P-leaching experiment, both the linear and nonlinear adsorption isotherms did not fit the experimental data. A multi-reactional advection-dispersion model that better describes all the P processes and complexities in soils should be included in the future. These procedures can provide a roadmap for others interested P transport in soils and using computer models in evaluation, and modifying their PI.

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Murby, Fredrika. "Phosphorus reduction in wastewater using microalgae with different phosphorus starvation periods." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82778.

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Anthropogenic induced nutrients in the Baltic Sea have led to 97% of it being eutrophic. Phosphorus is regarded the main regulating nutrient, and nearly 25% of the nutrients coming to the Baltic Sea originate from wastewater treatment plants. To reduce the nutrient concentrations in the effluents from treatment plants, tertiary treatment methods based on chemical dosing have been the principal answer. The chemicals create a sludge in addition to remediating the water, which needs disposal. Methods for remediating secondary wastewater with microalgae exist but are not common in conventional wastewater treatment. However, using microalgae could be beneficial, since they use inorganic carbon (from the atmosphere and wastewater) and inorganic nutrients, while producing biomass and oxygen. The biomass in turn has a potential to be used in production of bioenergy, food, and fertilizers. This thesis investigated whether pre-phosphorus starvation of five different microalgae strains enhanced the removal rate of phosphorus from secondary wastewater. The aim was to determine the optimal starvation period of different algae strains and to achieve wastewater effluent concentrations below 0.1 mg/L at the shortest possible time. Algae were transferred to a phosphorus-free media for five, three, one and zero days before entering the wastewater in a batch reactor at a temperature of 27°C and a 16:8 hours light and dark regime. Phosphate and nitrate concentrations as well as biomass production were monitored during a period of ten days. The experiment was repeated three times using Chlorella Vulgaris and two times using Tetradesmus Obliquus, Ankistrodesmus Falcatus, Botryococcus Braunii and one time using Desmodesmus Communis. The secondary wastewater was obtained from a small wastewater treatment plant from the village Roja in Latvia. Prior to the experiments, it was filtered three times through filters with different pore sizes (the smallest pore size was 0.2 µm), and the average nitrate and phosphate concentrations were 21.3 ± 1.1 mg/L and 17.8 ± 0.56 mg/L, respectively. The nitrate to phosphate ratio was 1.8:1. It was possible to remove the inorganic phosphorus to concentrations below 0.1 mg/L within ten days, although it did not happen in all the reactors. It was found that in most cases pre-phosphorus-starvation increased the removal rate of phosphorus. For two of the strains, Chlorella Vulgaris and Ankistrodesmus Falcatus, the three-day of pre-starvation period was optimal, while two to three days was optimal for Tetradesmus Obliquus, compared to other pre-starvation periods. For Botryococcus Braunii the one-day and the zero-days starved batches removed the phosphorus most efficiently. For Chlorella Vulgaris and Ankistrodesmus falcatus nearly a 100% of the phosphorus was removed within seven days after three days of pre-starvation. Without pre-starvation, these strains achieved the same result after ten days. It was also found that the nitrogen was the limiting nutrient in the wastewater and that the different strains responded differently to the changes in environment brought on by the experiment. When using microalgae in wastewater treatment, the choice of strain greatly impacts the removal rate, as the likeliness for them to survive in a specific environment varies among strains. It was concluded that using microalgae as a wastewater treatment method could pose great benefits. However, more experiments with colder climate, non-pre-filtered wastewater, a less nutrient rich media, greater initial biomass concentrations and pilot tests are recommended. Another insight from this thesis was that the method for transferring algae between different media needs to be refined to reach the target concentration in a reactor (or other setup).

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Books on the topic "Phosphorus"

1

Lakshmanan, Arunachalam. Luminescence and display phosphors: Phenomena and applications. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Butusov, Mikhail, and Arne Jernelöv. Phosphorus. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6803-5.

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Sullivan, Joe. Phosphorus. UK: Smashwords, 2014.

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Kragh, Helge. Phosphors and phosphorus in early Danish natural philosophy. Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 2003.

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1948-, Radcliffe David Elliott, and Cabrera Miguel L, eds. Modeling phosphorus in the environment. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007.

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Lal, Rattan, and B. A. Stewart, eds. Soil Phosphorus. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2016] |: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372327.

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Walsh, Edward N., Edward J. Griffith, Robert W. Parry, and Louis D. Quin, eds. Phosphorus Chemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0486.

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Peruzzini, Maurizio, and Luca Gonsalvi, eds. Phosphorus Compounds. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3817-3.

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Inamuddin, Rajender Boddula, and Abdullah M. Asiri, eds. Black Phosphorus. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29555-4.

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Behrendt, Werner, Ulrich W. Gerwarth, Reinhard Haubold, Jörn v. Jouanne, Hannelore Keller-Rudek, Dieter Koschel, Hans Schäfer, and Joachim Wagner. P Phosphorus. Edited by Werner Behrendt, Ulrich W. Gerwarth, Reinhard Haubold, Jörn v. Jouanne, Hannelore Keller-Rudek, Dieter Koschel, Hans Schäfer, and Joachim Wagner. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08847-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Phosphorus"

1

Hocking, M. B. "Phosphorus and Phosphoric Acid." In Modern Chemical Technology and Emission Control, 182–204. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69773-9_8.

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Simulescu, Vasile, Simona Funar-Timofei, Vlad Chiriac, and Gheorghe Ilia. "Synthesis of Phosphorus-Based Phosphors." In Hybrid Phosphor Materials, 119–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90506-4_5.

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Booth, Harold S., C. G. Seegmiller, Philip S. Baker, Sol Wexler, and Roy D. Johnson. "Phosphorus(V) Oxybromide: (Phosphoryl Tribromide)." In Inorganic Syntheses, 151–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132333.ch44.

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Sisler, H. H. "Involving Phosphorus-Phosphorus Bonds." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 17. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145210.ch5.

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Föllmi, Karl B. "Phosphorus." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_189-1.

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Föllmi, Karl B. "Phosphorus." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1231–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_189.

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Mazas, Sylvain. "Phosphorus." In Eating Anthropocene, 1–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50403-1_1.

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Austin, Emily B., and Marco L. A. Sivilotti. "Phosphorus." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_47-1.

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Boyd, Claude E. "Phosphorus." In Water Quality, 193–209. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4485-2_12.

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O’Neill, Peter. "Phosphorus." In Environmental Chemistry, 210–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9318-7_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phosphorus"

1

Pettersson, Anita, Bengt-A˚ke Andersson, Britt-Marie Steenari, Lars-Erik A˚mand, and Bo Leckner. "Leaching of Phosphorus From Ashes of Co-Combustion of Sewage Sludge and Wood." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78017.

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Municipal sewage sludge has a high concentration of phosphorus, which should be recovered because phosphorus is a limited natural resource. In this work, sewage sludge was co-fired with wood in a FBC boiler. The aim of the investigating was to study the solubility of phosphorus in the ashes, by leaching as an alternative to the phosphorous recovery method of using the ashes directly on farmlands. The fly ashes from the boiler’s secondary cyclone and bag filter were leached at various pH-values and the release of phosphorus was measured. Only acidic leaching was applied. The ashes precipitated with Al2(SO4)3 released nearly all phosphorus at a pH-value of 1, whereas the ashes precipitated with Fe2(SO4)3 did not release all phosphorus even at the very low pH of 0.5. The concentrations of phosphorous in the leachate must be compared with liquid phosphorus sources such as human urine or liquid animal manure used as fertilisers. This may result in that the leachate has to be processed further. A continuation of the work to investigate to what extent the leachate is contaminated with toxic trace elements is necessary.

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Gil, Yolanda, and Surya Ramachandran. "PHOSPHORUS." In the fifth international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/375735.376015.

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Zolotarev, Vladimir. "Efficiency of fertilizer application on seed stands of birdsfoot trefoil." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-50-58.

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On sod-podzolic medium-loamy soils of the Central Non-Chernozem region of Russia with an average availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and an average close to low potassium content, high efficiency of using potash fertilizer together with phosphorus on birdsfoot trefoil seed crops was established. Effective doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, providing an increase in seed yield in the first year by 42–47% and, according to the aftereffect, in the second year by 17–33%, are the application of P30–60K90–120. Keywords: Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), seed herbage, phosphoric and potash mineral fertilizers, yield, seeds, sowing qualities.

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Kasprzyk, Magda, Ewa Wojciechowska, Hanna Obarska–Pempkowiak, and Marta Thomas. "Preliminary Results from the Removal of Phosphorus Compounds with Selected Sorption Material." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.080.

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Due to the fact that resources of phosphorous are limited and are expected to get exhausted in the next 30 years the management of this resource has become extremely important. Most of the phosphorus compounds are lost forever, because they are discharged with sewage into surface water, causing eutrophication and in this way generating further issue and challenge. The aim of the study was to investigate the capacity to retain phosphorus compounds on sorption material. During the experiments, both synthetic and real wastewater were used. The synthetic wastewater simulated the composition of the reject water (RW) generated during the mechanical dewatering of the digested sewage sludge, and the real RW comes from WWTP in Gdansk. The investigation in steady conditions was carried out with Phoslock® which is chemically lanthanum clay. The results of the investigation are related to the determination of the sorption capacity with respect to the analyzed content of phosphorus compounds for stable conditions the determination of hydraulic load and way and time of mixing. For the synthetic wastewater the removal efficiency of phosphorous was 99.8% while for reject water (RW) generated during the mechanical dewatering of the digested sewage sludge was lower and equal to 85%.

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Julie Jesiek and Mary Leigh Wolfe. "Phosphorus Management: An Analysis of the Virginia Phosphorus Index." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.14021.

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Eghball, Bahman, Brian J. Wienhold, and John E. Gilley. "Managing Manure Phosphorus." In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-630.

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"The Phosphorus Index." In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-794.

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Wang, Xiaomu, and Fengnian Xia. "Black Phosphorus Optoelectronics." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2016.sw1r.1.

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Sone, Tomoyuki, Toshiki Sasaki, and Hiromi Yamaguchi. "Reduction of Radioactive Secondary Waste With Steam Reforming in Treatment of Waste TBP/Dodecane." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7144.

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Waste tributyl phosphate (TBP) and normal dodecane generated from R&D activities on recycle of nuclear fuel has been stored in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). If it is incinerated, a large quantity of contaminated phosphorous compounds will be generated as radioactive secondary wastes. The objective of this study is to reduce the generation of the radioactive secondary wastes by the treatment of the waste TBP/dodecane using steam reforming system. We constructed the demonstration scale steam reforming system which consists of a gasification chamber for vaporization of wastes, a metal mesh filter for removal of radioactive nuclides from gasified wastes, a combustion chamber, and scrubbers for removal of phosphorous oxides. We conducted process demonstration tests using waste TBP/dodecane with 0.07 g/L of uranium. We studied the temperature dependence of the gasification ratio of inorganic phosphorus compounds formed by pyrolysis of TBP in the gasification chamber and removal of uranium by the filter. As the results, more than 90% of phosphorus compounds were gasified from the gasification chamber at temperature of 600°C or more, and the uranium concentration in the waste water generated from the off-gas treatment system is under the detection limits. The waste water containing the separated phosphorus compounds can be discharged into the river or the sea as the liquid wastes in which uranium concentration is under the regulatory level. These results show the steam reforming system is effective in the reduction of radioactive secondary waste in the treatment of TBP/dodecane.

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Chang, Ruey-Dar, Chih-Hung Lin, Hong Lu, and Zhimin Wan. "Phosphorus redistribution caused by electrical deactivation of phosphorus at low temperatures." In 2014 20th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology (IIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iit.2014.6940001.

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Reports on the topic "Phosphorus"

1

Quin, Louis D. Generation of Phosphorous Ester, Phosphorus Amide, and Phosphine Derivatives of Low Coordination Number. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada175747.

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Mallarino, Antonio P., and David Rueber. Alfalfa Hay and Soil-Test Phosphorus Responses to Long-term Phosphorus Fertilization Strategies. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2571.

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Quin, Louis D. Generation of Phosphorus Ester, Phosphorus Amide, and Phospine Derivatives of Low Coordination Number. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada161628.

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Quin, Louis D. Generation of Phosphorus Ester, Phosphorus Amide, and Phosphine Derivatives of Low Coordination Number. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada216977.

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Neilson, Robert H. New Phosphorus Based Polymer Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada190457.

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Rainey, Darrell R., and Mark M. Zaugg. Demilitarization of White Phosphorus Munitions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada529908.

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Mallarino, Antonio P., Mazhar Ul Haq, Matthew J. Helmers, Joshua L. Sievers, and Ryan Rusk. Effects of Tillage and Phosphorus Source onLong-term Phosphorus Runoff Loss and Crop Yield. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-449.

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Holmberg, R. W., J. H. Moneyhun, and T. M. Gayle. System for the continuous generation of phosphorous aerosols from Red Phosphorus-Butyl Rubber. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5617455.

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Goselink, R. M. A., A. Bannink, and J. Dijkstra. Phosphorus in transition cows : A dairy cow trial on phosphorus metabolism in the transition period. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/510336.

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Martinez-Guerra, Edith, Luke Gurtowski, and Carina Jung. Eutrophication management via iron-phosphorus binding. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38260.

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