Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phosphore – Oxydation'
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Segues, Bénédicte. "Décontamination chimique par hydrolyse ou oxydation en milieu structuré." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30281.
Full textEychenne, Patricia. "Catalyse micellaire en présence de sels métalliques : hydrolyse, oxydation et polymérisation." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30141.
Full textEl, Kazzi Aimée. "Catalyseurs d'oxydation et carbènes hétérocycliques organophosphorés." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/391/.
Full textIn the first part of this study is presented the synthesis of a novel family of phosphorylated catalysts for oxidation that are performing and selective. We develop the synthesis of N-phosphonio imines that allow catalytic epoxidation of olefins. A detailed study shows how the reactivity of the imine function can easily be modulated by variation of the nature of the substituent which helps adapting the catalyst to the type of substrate to oxidize. In the second part, a novel synthesis of precursors of vinylidenephosphoranes carbenes, that is short and simple, is proposed. This synthesis could be applied with different kind of substituent which permits the easy modulation of the properties of this new family of vinylidenephosphorane carbenes. The first results show that these carbenes have a pronounced ambiphilic character with an especially high nucleophilicity as estimated by theoretical study. Tests in coordination chemistry are also presented and the first Au(I) complexe is isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction study
El, Kazzi A. "Catalyseurs d'oxydation et carbènes hétérocycliques organophosphorés." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00390705.
Full textCassagne, Murielle. "Synthèse de composés organophosphorés carbamoyles." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20229.
Full textTranvouez, Edern. "Nanolithographie par anodisation locale en microscopie à force atomique sur le phosphore d'indium pour des applications optoélectroniques." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0096/these.pdf.
Full textWe study local anodisation using Atomic Force Microscopy on Indium Phosphite. We develop two methods: a standard AFM oxidation (contact mode and constant bias) and a non usual method (intermittent contact mode and a modulated voltage). The first method results are logarithmic growth kinetic and a linear variation with applied bias voltage. These results had been related to charging effect that limits the oxidation (homogeneity and resolution). To reduce these limits we develop the second method. We obtain an improvement for: resolution, homogeneity, control on oxide shape, and lithography velocity. Electrical characterisations by using different AFM mode measurements had been realised: Tunnelling-AFM and Phase measurement to probe the oxide quality and Scanning Capacitance Microscopy and Electrostatic Force Microscopy measurement to probe charge dissipation. These measurements had been used to understand the oxidation process. We study these methods for Quantum Dots localisation
Ferdjani, Saloua. "Incorporation de phosphore dans l'oxyde anodique de titane : étude comparative analytique et structurale." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD030.
Full textDuring titanium anodic oxidation in phosphoric acid solutions, phosphorus coming from the solution is embodied in the titanium oxide lattice. In order to determine the phosphorus concentration, Nuclear Reaction Analysis using charged particles was performed. This method was also used for oxygen analysis and so growth law characterisation. Furthermore, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and Glow Discharge Optical Spectrometry (GDOS) were comparatively used in order to determine the depth profiles. Correlations of different analytical results enabled a quantitative approach of phosphorus analysis. Such analysis required reliable standards which were produced by 31p+ implantation into titanium. Otherwise, the effect of phosphorus incorporation on the oxide film structure was studied by means of electron diffraction (RHEED) and RAMAN spectrometry
Striolo, Philippe. "Oxydation d'effluents organiques aqueux par le peroxyde d'hydrogène à haute température : procédé WPO." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0006.
Full textDuthu, Brigitte. "Phosphoranylation de polyols : nouvelle voie d'acces aux myo-inositol phosphates." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30129.
Full textGossiaux, Alexandre. "Comportement au feu de mousses polyuréthanes rigides : Approches systématiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CLIL0021.
Full textA common awareness of environmental factors and more particularly of global warming makes it urgent to better control energy consumption. One solution is to reduce energy loss in building using new and efficient thermal insulation materials such as polymeric foams. Polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams are very effective and competitive materials due to their low cost. However, these materials are extremely flammable due to their organic nature. Researchers and manufacturers add molecules called flame retardants (FRs) to their composition in order to prevent the outbreak of a fire or reduce the intensity of combustion when a fire breaks out. The objective of this PhD work is to study by systematic approaches the fire behavior of PUR and PIR foams. The aim is to propose a scientific approach allowing a quicker and more efficient development of new formulations. This systematic study was also coupled with a multi-scale study of the fire behavior of the foams, as a laboratory-scale fire test was developed (M-SBI), which allowed a quick and efficient examination of the formulations. The FRs studied in this work are phosphorus organic FRs which are currently promoted to replace some halogenated FRs which could be dangerous for the environment and health. The mechanisms of degradation of virgin and flame retarded foams were elucidated using various analytical tools. Thus, in the case of phosphorus FRs, we were able to demonstrate that their mode of action varied according to the phosphorus oxidation degree as well as according to their point of decomposition. Moreover, the efficiency of the FRs also varies according to the foam used (PUR or PIR). All these results can thus advantageously be exploited to propose future efficient flame retardants for specific systems to reduce the combustion intensity of the foams
Yasin, Sohail. "Eco-design for end-of-life phase of flame retardant textiles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10225/document.
Full textThe different life cycle phases of textiles with flame retardant (FR) finishes have substantial adverse impacts on environment. Several studies on the exposure of flame retardant have mainly focused on ways to provide environmentally friendly synthesis of flame retardants. However the end-of-life phase of the FR textiles seems neglected and needs great attention when the product life cycle is concerned. Though today, technologies for solid waste management are ever-improving, the end-of-life of flame retardant textile products create issues, by decreasing energy yield in the incineration process due to incomplete combustion and emission of toxic fumes.Therefore an eco-design was proposed with optimized disposals for the flame retardant textiles, by a prior degradation and elimination of a durable flame retardant substance (MDPA) from textiles, using advanced oxidation Fenton process. Then thermal valorization was achieved by gasification instead of incineration.The degradation kinetics of MDPA from cotton fabrics, monitored by measuring the COD of the reaction mixture, seems to depend on the Fenton reactant concentration. The mechanical properties of the cotton after the treatment are unaltered. The flammability test and thermogravimetric (TGA, DTG and PCFC) results confirmed the degradation of MDPA. The gasification results supported the eco-design by showing increased combustion properties of the FR textiles after the Fenton treatment allowing eco-design of energy valorization of textile wastes. Real environmental impacts evaluated by a life cycle assessment (LCA) tool confirm the eco-design of the end-of-life phase of flame retardant textile products
Yan, Yige. "TiO2 photocatalysts prepared via a sol-gel route assisted by P- and F- containing additives : applications to the degradation of MEK and to the elimination of bacteria on surfaces." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF063/document.
Full textThe objective of this work consists in synthesizing TiO2 nanomaterials designed for the degradation of VOCs and for the elimination of bacteria on surface. Firstly, based on a synthesis of a BmimPF6-ionic liquid-derived TiO2 material through a modified sol-gel route, the roles of two constituent elements of BmimPF6 (P and F) have been investigated by replacing BmimPF6 with P- and F- contained additives. Comparing to the reference P25 and additive-free-derived TiO2 materials, P-derived TiO2 showed already well crystallized anatase phase before calcination and a high surface area along with a small mean crystal size even after calcinations. Those properties were similar to that synthesized with the presence of BmimPF6; while F-derived TiO2 crystals showed anisotropic shape during the aging step of the synthesis. Evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts has been performed then. Compared to additive-free derived TiO2 and the TiO2 P25, P- and F- derived TiO2 materials with low P and F content (“PANaF”) showed higher activity under UVA in terms of gas-phase degradation of a model VOC, Methl Ethyl Ketone (MEK). The same material also showed higher surface anti-bacterial activity under UVA in liquid against several strains of different bacterial species over that of P25. A correlation between the high photocatalytic performances with the material properties for “PANaF” TiO2 materials was finally proposed. The influences of the presence of bulk or surface PO43-, dissolved O2 concentration and surface topology on photocatalytic activity were also discussed. The cheap replacement additives used and the resulted high activity of “PANaF” TiO2 nanomaterials presents interest for industrial elaboration
Jalaguier, Eric. "Etude des structures metal-isolant-semiconducteur sur le phosphure d'indium élaborées par oxydation anodique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ECDL0010.
Full textMembrat, Romain. "Réactions de transfert d'hydrogène catalysées par les complexes de palladium et de platine associés aux ligands phosphinito-acide phosphineux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190719_MEMBRAT_386crd806cefe861cbrkq829aijwx_TH.pdf.
Full textThe notion of metal catalyzed hydrogen transfer presented in this manuscript relies in generating an active metal hydride from an hydrogen donor (alcohol) and transferring it toward an unsaturated product with a view to molecular complexity increasing. A broad variety of product could be targeted with this concept and its variants. The phosphinito-phosphinous acid ligand which is negatively charged ligand is capable to generate strikingly active palladium and platinum hydride. In the first part of this work, a new anaerobic alcohol oxidation system with remarkable properties of chemioselectivity has been developed. Complementary studies have allowed a good understanding of the hydride transfer mechanism. Moreover it highlighted the interesting ability of the PAP ligand to self adapt its own electronic properties specifically to each steps of the catalytic cycle. In a second stage, a cascade process oxidation - double C(sp3)-N bond activation has been presented. It has been shown that M/PAP complexes could act as a weak Lewis acid. Finally, an enantioselective version of hydride transfer processes has been studied through enantioselective isomerization of allylic alcohols. The effect of the combination of a P - stereogenic ligand and new secondary chirality inductors (central chirality borne by the X-type ligand and inherent chirality borne by a supramolecular C1 symmetric moiety) has been evaluated
Jalaguier, Eric. "Etude des structures métal-isolant-semiconducteur sur le phosphure d'indium élaborées par oxydation anodique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376144777.
Full textLouis, Pascal. "Etude de l'utilisation des oxydes minces sur le phosphure d'indium pour la réalisation de composants électroniques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0038.
Full textCreton, Élodie. "Élaboration d’une protection anti-oxydation pour matériaux composites SiC/SiC efficace à basse température." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10186/document.
Full textThis work presents anti-oxidation coating (AOC) of composite materials SiC/SiC. These materials have specific properties (lightness, excellent resistance to thermal shocks, and mechanical endurance at very high temperature) due to the combination of SiC fibers and SiC matrix linked by a C interphase. This interphase oxidizes under air above 400°C, leading to fiber/matrix debonding and thus compromising the mechanical properties. In view of application in civil aeronautics, the AOC have to be operational at low temperatures (400-650°C) and for prolonged periods (of the order of thousands of hours). Two types of coatings were proposed and examined: (i) a rigid coating obtained through the thermal treatment of a mixture of aluminium phosphate solution and silica. The structure of the coating has been characterized by NMR, XRD and SEM and related to the efficiency of the protection. (ii) a dynamic coating, based on phosphate glasses formulated to present optimum viscosity characteristics. The different glasses were characterized by thermal analyses (DTA, TMA, HSM) and by NMR. A thought approach was implemented by correlation between thermal properties and structural characteristics of oxides used. These two coatings improve the material lifetime even if the expected specification was not accomplished. To conclude, the dynamic coating is more adapted to low temperature use and we suggest some improvements
Gribot, Perrin Nathalie. "Oxydation du propane en acide acrylique sur catalyseurs à base de phosphate de vanadium." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10195.
Full textBrunet, Lionel. "Synthèse et chimie de coordination de ligands phosphorés peu ou pas oxydables." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPXX0007.
Full textHay, Caroline. "Systèmes pi-conjugués contenant des cycles phospholes : des molécules modèles au polymères." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10077.
Full textWEHREY-AUGUSTIN, FABIENNE. "Oxydo-reduction du neptunium dans les melanges phosphate tributylique-dodecane." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13007.
Full textEl, Bouabdellati Mohamed. "Etude par spectroscopie DLTS des structures formées sur InP(n) par oxydation plasma." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/El_Bouabdellati.Mohamed.SMZ9464.pdf.
Full textThe topic of this thesis was the study of Schottky and oxided Schottky diodes formes on n-InP substrate. The passivation process used was the oxidation in plasma environment, we distinguish principally two cases : 1°) oxidation in multipolar plasma using two types of excitation : i) hot cathode excitation ; ii) microwave excitation (ECR). 2°) oxidation downstream the RF plasma region under and without illumination. This study leads to investigate the enrgy distribution of defects, their localisation at the interface between InP and its native oxide, inside the oxide or in the bulk of the semiconductor. DLTS spectra measured on all strucutres shows a wide peak at room temperature. Some anomalies appears on these spectra. Two methods were used to explain these anomalies : i) a two components model ; ii)a single component model which takes into account the leakage current and the variation of the capture cross sections
Ramirez, Hernandez Rodrigo. "Synthèse et étude de complexes du palladium. Dérivés de ressources naturelles : application en catalyse." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30053.
Full textThis work describes the synthesis of various chiral arylphosphonite ligands and parent palladium complexes. First, we prepared several chiral substrates having one acetal function at least. The starting material, provider of chirality, was derived from an abundant local natural product : L-diethyl tartrate. The chiral building block was submitted to synthetic sequences based on the particular conformation of cis-decalins and on the reactivity of methylene acetals, and led to specifically designed heterocyclic compounds. We also prepared several chiral bollaform phosphonites having this particular cis-decalin conformation. Then we report, on a new synthetic methodology to form nitoalcohols catalyzed by palladium complexes, under mild conditions. We studied too the stereo of chiral bollaform phosphonites and we proposed a new palladocatalyzed phosphonates synthesis using air. Finaly, we prepared several phosphonite-palladium complexes and used them in synthetic approaches to palladacycles
Anguita, Paola. "Impact des biocarburants sur le système d’oxydation catalytique des véhicules diesel." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1181.
Full textThe more restrictive regulations to reduce pollutants emissions, especially CO2, promote the use of biofuels. However, biodiesel contains inorganic elements (Na, K, Ca and P) that reduce the durability of the after-treatment catalysts. This work aims to evaluate the performance of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs, PtPd/CeZrO2/La-Al2O3 reference catalyst). The characterization results have shown that the above-mentioned impurities affect the physico-chemical, redox, surface and catalytic properties. Although the catalyst crystalline structure of reference catalyst did not change after impurities incorporation, the specific surface area decreased. The redox ability was also decreased when Na, K and Ca impurities are present due to their low electronegativity, which increased the oxygen interaction. This high interaction seems to be responsible of the enhanced C3H6 reaction rate. NO-TPD results evidenced that the high basicity of Na, K and Ca impurities resulted in an increase of NO adsorption strength. Accordingly, DRIFT results showed the presence of NO intermediates adsorption associated to the electrostatic field created by these cations, hindering NO oxidation. CO adsorption was also promoted, enhancing CO reaction rate. The formation of cerium phosphate was also observed, which could stabilize the Ce3+ oxidation state (checked by XPS), decreasing NO oxidation due to the blockage of catalytic sites. Nevertheless, CO and C3H6 co-oxidations were enhanced by avoiding self-poisoning. After catalyst hydrothermal aging, the effect of impurities was masked by the sintering of Pt/Pd active sites, which decreases the DOC catalytic performances
Ballester, Jorge. "Nouvelles méthodes éco-compatibles : synthèse de molécules phosphorées par catalyse au cuivre ou réaction de Wittig. Application en réaction d'arylation de nucléophiles. : oxydation d'alcools catalysée par des métaux alcalins." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0019.
Full textThis thesis is divided into three parts. At first, we developed a new simple and effective synthesis method of arylphosphonates, aryphosphinates and arylphosphines, using a new copper catalytic system. In a second step, we have been interested in the synthesis of phosphorus nitrogen and carbon diylids from their corresponding salts. From these, a method of synthesis of butadiene or vinyl phosphines, difficult to obtain by other methods described in the literature, has been developed. These phosphines were found to be excellent precursors for copper catalytic arylation reactions of nitrogen nucleophiles from halogenated aromatics.Finally, in a last part, we developed a catalytic system for oxidation of alcohols to their corresponding ketones through an Oppenauer type reaction in the presence of a catalytic amount of base (NaOtBu). This finding eliminates oxidants and metals commonly used in many examples described in the literature
Boulkroun, Khaled. "Contribution à la caractérisation des diodes Schottky oxydées : application au phosphure d'indium." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10339.
Full textKERNEC, FLORENCE. "Exploration fonctionnelle de la creatine kinase sur mitochondries isolees de muscle squelettique de rat en spectrometrie rmn 31p (doctorat : genie biologique et medical)." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN1B024.
Full textBelmahi, Mohammed. "Étude d'un plasma multipolaire utilisé pour la passivation du phosphure d'indium en vue de la réalisation d'un contact schottky oxyde." Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0414_BELMAHI.pdf.
Full textGuillemet, Mélanie. "L'adaptation d'escherichia coli à la carence en phosphate." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22140.
Full textE. coli K-12 can survive prolonged incubation under aerobic, Pi starvation conditions as a result of the induction by RpoS of poxB and gadB. However, rpoS mutants survived Pi starvation by using a new strategy. Metabolism in rpoS mutants required the activity of Fur in order to decrease the synthesis of the small RNA RyhB that might otherwise inhibit the synthesis of iron-rich proteins such as SDH and FumA. Fur activity and the lack of RpoS activity allow a substantial activity of the TCA cycle to continue in stationary phase in rpoS mutants, which decreases the production of acetic acid and, eventually, allows growth on acetic acid and Pi excreted into the medium. During experimental evolution experiments conducted in Pi-limiting medium containing no glutamate, wt cells rapidly evolved mutants that detoxified acetic acid from the medium and survived during prolonged incubation. One evolved strain, added as a minority in mixed culture, could grow between days 1 and 3 of incubation provided that the PHO regulon was induced. One mutation that inactivated RpoS activity and one that activated the PhnE phosphorylated products-transport activity (normally cryptic) were necessary and sufficient to provide such phenotype. phnE+ rpoS- double mutants can grow in cultures containing a majority of wt cells (phnE- rpoS+) probably because PhnE activity scavenges low levels of phosphorylated products excreted by wt cells, when the lack of RpoS activity helps to maintain induction of the PHO regulon and a substantial activity of the TCA cycle in slow growing cells
Lakhrissi, Mohammed. "Dichloromethylenation de lactones et d'esters : synthèse et réactivité." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10176.
Full textGosset, Gaëlle. "Nouvelles sondes phosphorées adaptées à la mesure du pH et du stress oxydant par RMN du 31-P et par RPE en milieu cellulaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX11039.pdf.
Full textA series of molecular probes, either diamagnetic (aminophosphonates, b-phosphorylated cyclic nitrones), or paramagnetic (b-phosphorylated nitroxides) has been synthesized for the spectroscopic measurement of either pH (by 31-P NMR or ESR) or free radical formation (Spin Trapping) in biological milieu and their efficacy has been evaluated in vitro and, for the better ones, in ex vivo models. The best probes for determining acidic pH values (1
Gu, Qingyi. "Biomass reactions on heterogeneous catalysts : computational studies on surface determination and reactivity." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN011.
Full textIn the context of biomass valorization by heterogeneous catalysis, computational chemistry is key to provide guidance to establish the nature of the active sites in combination with experimental characterizations. Then, the reaction mechanism can be studied to determine the rate determining transition state and intermediate and further design in silico better catalysts. We implemented this approach in several reactions involving alcohols that are key in the shift from a petroleum chemical feedstock to a biomass-based feedstock. Firstly, we focused on liquid phase alcohol oxidation by oxygen, a reaction that generally requires an alkaline environment, which is detrimental to the atom economy of the process since it generates the carboxylate salt instead of the carboxylic acid. We proposed a model of metal/basic water interface that includes the adsorption of hydroxide anion. It charges the metallic surface and modifies its catalytic activity. This model was first validated comparing the predicted activity of Au and Pt in presence and in absence of a base, and then used oxidation of alcohol ethoxylates by bimetals. Then, we switched to gas phase dehydration of C3 and C4 alcohols using phosphate-based catalysts. The modeling of the surfaces was based on experimental characterizations. The molecular coverage of water on the surface in function of the pressure and temperature was established using ab initio thermodynamic. The simulations of infrared spectra of CO, NH3 and C2H2 adsorption allowed us to identify the acido-basic sites which play an important role in the reaction mechanism investigation that followed
Michelet, Laure. "Rôle des glutarédoxines et de la glutathionylation chez les végétaux." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112146.
Full textGlutathione, the main soluble low molecular weight free thiol in most organisms, has been recently involved in a reversible post-translational reaction called glutathionylation, which can allow regulation of enzyme activity, and/or protection of protein reactive free thiols from oxidation. We first studied in vitro glutathionylation of chloroplastic thioredoxins (TRX) from Arabidopsis and Chlamydomonas. Only TRX f underwent glutathionylation, leading to impaired reduction of the protein. A4-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (A4-GAPDH), a Calvin cycle enzyme, was also found to undergo glutathionylation in vitro with a subsequent inhibition of its activity. In order to determine the role and importance of glutathionylation in photosynthetic organisms, we developed a method based on proteomics to identify glutathionylated proteins in vivo in Chlamydomonas. 25 targets have been identified, mainly chloroplastic, mostly involved in photosynthesis and in response to oxidative stress. 3 targets were confirmed in vitro: HSP70B, chloroplastic 2-cys peroxiredoxin and isocitrate lyase. In non-photosynthetic organisms, it has been demonstrated that glutaredoxins (GRX) can catalyze efficiently deglutathionylation. Thus, we biochemically characterized 2 GRX from Chlamydomonas. GRX1, a cytosolic CPYC GRX, exhibits classical GRX activities, whereas GRX3, a chloroplastic CGFS GRX, exhibits no activity in these assays. Further analysis demonstrated that GRX3 has an atypically low redox potential close to that of TRX. The chloroplastic system of TRX reduction was able to reduce GRX3, which then can catalyze very efficiently A4-GAPDH deglutathionylation
Ait, Saada Aomar. "Caractérisation d'un plasma RF : Influence des paramètres du plasma sur les dépôts de passivation du phosphure d'indium (INP)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10037.
Full textDrouet, Fleur. "Synthèse énantiosélective d'1,2 et 1,3-diamines et Développement de réactions multicomposants dans des conditions oxydantes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823407.
Full textPham, Huu Trung. "Étude des granulocytes : aspects physio-pathologiques." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112314.
Full textNée, Guillaume. "Caractérisation de fonction non photosynthétique pour les thioredoxine plastidiales chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660656.
Full textBrioche, Thomas. "Sarcopenia : Mechanisms and Prevention : Role of Exercise and Growth Hormone : Involvement of oxidative stress and Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20044/document.
Full textAging is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and strength causing a deterioration of physical performance, called sarcopenia. Muscle atrophy can be explained by a negative protein turnover, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, a decreased muscle regeneration capacity and myonuclei apoptosis. A decreased production of anabolic hormones and a chronic oxidative stress (OS) which leads to excessive oxidative damage would be involved in these alterations. Physical exercise and hormone replacement therapies are effective to combat sarcopenia. The restoration of a redox homeostasis may play a central role in their beneficial effects and would involve an up-regulation of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme.The main objectives of this thesis were to determine in vivo to what extent a pro-oxidant redox status in aged muscle may modulate signaling pathways involved in sarcopenia, and to investigate whether return to their normal functioning requires a restoration of the redox homeostasis. The third objective was to identify actors and their possible cellular mechanisms in the maintenance and/or the restoration of the redox status.In a first study in old rats, we first confirmed that sarcopenia is associated with OS. In a second time, we found that a growth hormone replacement therapy in olds rats prevents sarcopenia by acting as a double-edged sword, antioxidant as well as myogenic, associated with an up-regulation of G6DPH
Manon, Stephen. "Contribution à l'étude de la régulation des oxydations phosphorylantes dans les mitochondries de Saccharomyces cerevisiae altérations de la composition de la Fo-ATPase provoquant des modifications du transport du phosphate dans des mutants, inhibition atypique de la cytochrome c oxydase par le thiophosphate /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376155919.
Full textManon, Stephen. "Contribution à l'étude de la régulation des oxydations phosphorylantes dans les mitochondries de Saccharomyces cerevisiae : altérations de la composition de la Fo-ATPase provoquant des modifications du transport du phosphate dans des mutants : inhibition atypique de la cytochrome C oxydase par le thiophosphate." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR22017.
Full textMoussa, David. "Destruction du tributylphosphate par effluvage électrique. Utilisation d'un réacteur à décharges glissantes." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES045.
Full textMUSTIELES, MARÍN Irene. "Oxidation of phosphasalen complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX078/document.
Full textPhosphasalen ligands developed in our laboratory can be considered as the phosphorous analogues of salen ligands where the imines have been substituted by iminophosphorane functions. The presence of the P-N bond makes these ligands more electro-donating and more flexible than salen analogues. They are able to stabilize high-valent metal complexes, as in the case of a Ni phosphasalen complex, which was characterized as a NiIII complex in solution and in solid state. This was never obtained before with salen-type ligands.Phosphasalen ligands, as the salen ones, can act as redox non-innocent ligands. Therefore, upon oxidation either the ligand or the metal center can be oxidized depending on the relative energy of metal and ligand orbitals. This behavior has been deeply investigated in coordination chemistry and in catalysis.In order to elucidate the factors that influence the oxidation locus different ligands have been synthetized modifiying the phenolate subtituents, MeO vs. tBu (PsalentBu and PsalenOMe); the phosphorous substituents, alkyl vs. aryl (iPrPsalen); and the linker between the two nitrogen atoms, ethylenediamine vs. phenylenediamine (Psalophen, PsalophenOMe2, PsalophenMe and PsalophenCF3).The neutral and one-electron oxidized copper and nickel complexes were synthetized and characterized. In order to determine the electronic structure of the complexes a combination of different characterization techniques were used: UV-vis, EPR and NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements (SQUID), as well as theoretical calculations.In a general manner, phosphasalen ligands favor a metal center oxidation in a higher extent than salen derivatives, leading in some cases to high-valent metal complexes (NiIII, CuIII), remaining rare cases in the literature. For some complexes, experimental observations and theoretical calculations point to the presence of multiconfigurational ground states. Contrary to salen, complexes bearing an aromatic linker between the two nitrogen atoms dimerize upon oxidation. In order to tune the electronic density in the central ring, a series of phosphasalophen complexes displaying different substituents in the aromatic bridge, have been studied.Manganese (II) and (III) phosphasalen complexes has been also studied. The stabilization of oxo and nitride complexes as well as catalytic applications have been targeted for these complexes and encouraging results have been obtained
Bouchikhi, Benachir. "Propriétés physiques des structures métal/isolant/semiconducteur réalisées sur INP(N) à l'aide d'un oxyde natif plasma." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10085.
Full textZhang, Jing. "Biochemical study of lipid phosphatase SHIP2 in control of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in response to serum and H2O2." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210596.
Full textSince SHIP2 is a lipid phosphatase as well as a docking protein, the initial aim that emerged in the lab was to measure the inositol lipid levels in SHIP2 +/+ and deficient cells and compare the levels of 3-phosphoinositides PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2. At first, we developed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) as a cellular model. Amongst various stimuli tested, surprisingly, only serum showed an obvious difference in terms of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 level. This lipid was significantly up regulated in SHIP2 -/- cells but only after short-term (i.e. 5-10 min) incubation with serum. The difference in PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels in heterozygous fibroblast cells was intermediate between the +/+ and -/- cells. Serum stimulated PI3K activity appeared to be comparable between +/+ and -/- cells. Moreover, PKB, but not MAP kinase activity, was also potentiated in SHIP2 deficient cells stimulated by serum. The up regulation of PKB activity in serum stimulated cells was totally reversed in the presence of the PI3K inhibitor LY-294002, in both +/+ and -/- cells.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as physiological mediators of many cellular responses. H2O2 mimics some effects of insulin in a number of cell culture systems. It also inactivates tyrosine phosphatase activities including PTEN. In addition, in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, Gray et al reported that exposure of the cells to H2O2 resulted a huge increase in PtdIns(3,4)P2 level. The authors suspected that the effect was attributed to a inositol 5-phosphatase activity. We thus exposed our cells to H2O2 in order to address the question of the role of SHIP2 in response to oxidative stress.
We worked on the same SHIP2 MEF model, stimulated by H2O2: at 15 min, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 was markedly increased in SHIP2 -/- cells as compared to +/+ cells. In contrast, no significant increase in PtdIns(3,4)P2 could be detected at 15 or 120 min incubation of the cells with H2O2 (0.6 mM). PKB activity was upregulated in SHIP2 -/- cells in response to H2O2 and therefore follows the regulation of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. As for serum, the PI3K activity appeared to be comparable between +/+ and -/- cells. The levels of PTEN and type I 4-phosphatase [an enzyme that acts on PtdIns(3,4)P2] remained unchanged between the two types of cells. SHIP2 add back experiments in SHIP2 -/- cells confirm its critical role in the control of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 level in response to H2O2: the decrease in PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, observed in SHIP2 expressing cells, was no longer seen in cells infected with a catalytic mutant of this enzyme.
Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
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Huser, Marc. "Carbonylations catalytiques du chlorobenzene et du dichloromethane." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13196.
Full textDuboc-Toia, Carole. "Réactivité chimique des complexes dinucléaires de fer (III) à pont oxo : applications en catalyse d'oxydation énantiosélective et en hydrolyse de phosphoesters." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10092.
Full textJund, Rodolphe. "Electrochimie de clusters mixtes tetrametalliques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13175.
Full textFavron, Alexandre. "Photo-oxydation et spectroscopie Raman de couches minces de phosphore noir." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21756.
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