Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phosphonate polymers

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Phosphonate polymers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Phosphonate polymers"

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Amjad, Zahid, and Amannie Kweik. "HYDROXYAPATITE DISPERSION BY PHOSPHONATES, POLYMERS AND PHOSPHONATE/POLYMER BLENDS." Phosphorus Research Bulletin 30 (2015): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3363/prb.30.19.

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Dolan, Ciarán, Briar Naysmith, Simon F. R. Hinkley, Ian M. Sims, Margaret A. Brimble, David E. Williams, and Jianyong Jin. "Synthesis of Novel Triazole-Containing Phosphonate Polymers." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 4 (2015): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14513.

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The objective of this research was to develop novel phosphonate-containing polymers as they remain a relatively under researched area of polymer chemistry. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of 2-(1-(2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)ethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethyl acrylate (M1) and diethyl (2-(4-(2-acrylamidoethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethyl)phosphonate (M2) monomers using the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) ‘click’ reaction, and their subsequent polymerization via both uncontrolled and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization techniques yielding phosphonate polymers (P1–P4).
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Squeo, Benedetta Maria, Francesco Carulli, Elisa Lassi, Francesco Galeotti, Umberto Giovanella, Silvia Luzzati, and Mariacecilia Pasini. "Benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polyelectrolytes for interfacial engineering in optoelectronic devices." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0925.

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Abstract Polar semiconducting polymers based on a conjugated polymer backbone endowed with chemically anchored polar groups on the side chains have proved to be particularly interesting as optimization layer at organic/cathode interface in optoelectronic devices. In particular, the pendant phosphonate groups impart water-alcohol solubility allowing easy solution processing, and improve electron injection thanks to both a favorable interfacial dipole of phosphonate groups and an intense coordination interaction between the phosphonate groups and Al cathode. In this work we synthesize alternating fluorene-benzothiadiazole copolymers by proposing a post-polymerization reaction to insert the phosphonate groups. Thanks to this approach it is possible to use standard Suzuki coupling conditions, simplifying the process of synthesis, purification and characterization. The polymer Poly[9,9-bis(6′-diethoxylphosphorylhexyl)-alt-benzothiadiazole] (P2), is tested in conventional organic solar cells as cathode interfacial layers showing, with respect to the control device, an increasing of all the photovoltaic parameters, with a final power conversion efficiency that reaches 5.35% starting from 4.6%. The same trend is observed for multilayered polymer light-emitting diodes with an external quantum efficiency of the P2-based PLED enhanced of 1.5 times with respect to the basic devices with bare Al cathode, and negligible roll-off efficiency. The synergic effects of energy gap modulation and of polar phosphonated pendant functionalities of P2 are compared with the corresponding fluorene-based polar homopolymer. Our results show that, not only a proper selection of side functionalities, but also the tailoring of the energy gap of cathode interfacial materials (CIMs) is a possible effective strategy to engineer cathode of different optoelectronic devices and enhance their performance.
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Meng, Bin, Yingying Fu, Zhiyuan Xie, Jun Liu, and Lixiang Wang. "Phosphonated conjugated polymers for polymer solar cells with a non-halogenated solvent process." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 5 (2015): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py01294a.

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Jordan, Myles M., and Michael Johnston. "Enhanced Carbonate Scale Inhibition in the North Sea via Synergistic Inhibitor Molecule Blends." Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0123-0044-jpt.

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_ Controlling inorganic sulphate and carbonate scales with polymer, phosphonate, and phosphate ester scale inhibitors is commonplace in the oilfield services industry. It is well understood in what environments induvial inhibitor types work best; for example, sulphonates are very effective for sulphate scale control in low temperatures (SPE 80229) whereas phosphonates are much less effective under these same conditions but improve at higher temperatures (SPE 179889). Less well understood is the potential for scale inhibitors utilizing synergistic interactions with blends of polymers, phosphonates, and phosphate esters to reduce chemical cost, treatment rates, and transport logistics, resulting in a more effective scale management program with a reduced operational footprint. To evaluate performance of a selected range of blended inhibitors, ChampionX performed a trial on a North Sea produced water system, which was applying monoethanolamine (MEA) phosphonate-type scale inhibitor as well as novel cleaning programs to counter a high carbonate saturation ratio in the heater (SPE 204365). The objective was to find an improved scale inhibitor formulation that would outperform MEA phosphonate to control the high calcite saturation ratio brine. In this application, produced fluids pass through a heater with a skin temperature between 90°C and 105°C. Identifying the Scale Challenge Studies of synergistic properties of phosphonates and polymer scale inhibitors show there is potential to create blends of existing chemicals to make a formulation that shows a performance greater than either inhibitor component on its own. Four generic scale inhibitors that could effectively prevent scale at 105°C were considered. 1. A poly aspartate acid, generally found to be thermally stable to 120°C 2. The incumbent MEA phosphonate chemical, which is widely used for this type of scale inhibition at elevated temperature 3. A phosphate ester, found to be thermally stable at temperatures of 90°C 4. Phosphonate-functionalized biopolymer, which showed good carbonate inhibition properties and excellent environmental properties The goal was to develop a synergistic blend that would mitigate the legislative (cost of REACH registration) and economic (cost of new raw material product set up within the supply chain system) issues associated with the development of new classes of scale inhibitor for a relatively small market. There are two primary methods of scale inhibition in produced water. The first is crystal nucleation inhibition, which prevents the onset of scale formation itself by keeping the ions in solution. This mechanism of inhibition is best evaluated via dynamic scale loop (DSL) tests. The polymer-type scale inhibitors (such as carboxylic acid functionated homo and copolymers, for example VS-Co) work well within this test, as they prevent deposition at low treatment rate. The other principal inhibition mechanism is crystal-growth inhibition. This prevents the continued growth of microscale crystals as the inhibitor interacts with the scale crystal surface to prevent further addition of sulphate/barium ions. This is best evaluated via static bottle tests. Phosphonate-type scale inhibitors, for example, diethylenetriamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid), work well within this type of test.
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Venkatramaiah, Nutalapati, Ricardo F. Mendes, Artur M. S. Silva, João P. C. Tomé, and Filipe A. Almeida Paz. "A ladder coordination polymer based on Ca2+and (4,5-dicyano-1,2-phenylene)bis(phosphonic acid): crystal structure and solution-state NMR study." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 72, no. 9 (August 25, 2016): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229616012328.

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The preparation of coordination polymers (CPs) based on either transition metal centres or rare-earth cations has grown considerably in recent decades. The different coordination chemistry of these metals allied to the use of a large variety of organic linkers has led to an amazing structural diversity. Most of these compounds are based on carboxylic acids or nitrogen-containing ligands. More recently, a wide range of molecules containing phosphonic acid groups have been reported. For the particular case of Ca2+-based CPs, some interesting functional materials have been reported. A novel one-dimensional Ca2+-based coordination polymer with a new organic linker, namely poly[[diaqua[μ4-(4,5-dicyano-1,2-phenylene)bis(phosphonato)][μ3-(4,5-dicyano-1,2-phenylene)bis(phosphonato)]dicalcium(II)] tetrahydrate], {[Ca2(C8H4N2O6P2)2(H2O)2]·4H2O}n, has been prepared at ambient temperature. The crystal structure features one-dimensional ladder-like∞1[Ca2(H2cpp)2(H2O)2] polymers [H2cpp is (4,5-dicyano-1,2-phenylene)bis(phosphonate)], which are created by two distinct coordination modes of the anionic H2cpp2−cyanophosphonate organic linkers: while one molecule is only bound to Ca2+cationsviathe phosphonate groups, the other establishes an extra single connectionviaa cyano group. Ladders close pack with water molecules through an extensive network of strong and highly directional O—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds; the observed donor–acceptor distances range from 2.499 (5) to 3.004 (6) Å and the interaction angles were found in the range 135–178°. One water molecule was found to be disordered over three distinct crystallographic positions. A detailed solution-state NMR study of the organic linker is also provided.
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Gelfand, Benjamin S., Jared M. Taylor, and George K. H. Shimizu. "Extracting structural trends from systematic variation of phosphonate/phosphonate monoester coordination polymers." CrystEngComm 19, no. 27 (2017): 3727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ce00579b.

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Papathanasiou, Konstantinos E., Maria Vassaki, Argyro Spinthaki, Fanouria-Eirini G. Alatzoglou, Eleftherios Tripodianos, Petri Turhanen, and Konstantinos D. Demadis. "Phosphorus chemistry: from small molecules, to polymers, to pharmaceutical and industrial applications." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 421–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1012.

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Abstract (Poly)phosphonic acids constitute an exciting family of phosphorus compounds. One of the attractive attributes of these molecules is the rich chemistry of the phosphonate moiety, and, in particular, its high affinity for metal ions and mineral surfaces. Whether the phosphonate group belongs to a “small” molecule or to a polymeric matrix, phosphonate-containing compounds have found a phalanx of real-life applications. Herein, we address a special category of phosphorus compounds called bisphosphonates (BPs, a.k.a. “-dronates”) and also phosphonate containing polymers. The success of BPs in mitigating osteoporosis notwithstanding, these “-dronate” drugs present a number of challenges. Nevertheless, the main drawback of BPs is their limited oral bioavailability. It is, therefore, imperative to design and fabricate “smart” systems that allow controlled delivery of the active BP agent. Here, easy-to-prepare drug delivery systems are presented based on silica gels. These have been synthesized, characterized, and studied as hosts in the control release of several BP drugs. They exhibit variable release rates and final % release, depending on the nature of bisphosphonate (side-chain length, hydro-philicity/-phobicity, water-solubility), cations present, pH and temperature. These gels are robust, injectable, re-loadable and re-usable. Furthermore, alternative drug delivery systems are presented that are based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In these biologically acceptable inorganic metal ions have been incorporated, together with BPs as the organic portion. These materials have been synthesized, characterized, and studied for the self-sacrificial release (by pH-driven dissolution) of the BP active ingredient. Several such materials were prepared with a variety of bisphosphonate drugs. They exhibit variable release rates and final % release, depending on the actual structure of the metal-bisphosphonate material. Lastly, we will present the use of phosphonate-grafted polymers as scale inhibitors for water treatment applications.
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Parvulescu, Viorica, Adriana Popa, Gabriela Paun, Ramona Ene, Corneliu-Mircea Davidescu, and Gheorghe Ilia. "Effect of polymer support functionalization on enzyme immobilization and catalytic activity." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0715.

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Abstract Two enzymes, laccase and peroxidase, were immobilized on chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers supports functionalized with phosphonates ((RO)2PO) or mixed ammonium and phosphonium groups (N+R3Cl–, P+Ph3Cl–). Phosphonates groups and quaternary ammonium salts were grafted on the “gel-type” copolymer by Michaelis–Becker polymer analogue reaction. Mixed polymer-supported ammonium and phosphonium salts were obtained by transquaternization of the ammonium groups to phosphonium group. The degrees of functionalization for obtained polymers were relatively high ensuring a sufficient concentration of active centers per unit mass of the copolymer. The obtained materials were characterized by thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM microscopy. The effects of OR1 and R2 radicals from phosphonate and respectively ammonium groups, as well as those of glutaraldehyde utilization on the immobilization yield and the catalytic properties of the supported enzymes were indicated. The activity of enzymes increased after immobilization and high immobilization yield was obtained for all the samples. The higher interaction of enzymes with support was indicated for mixed ammonium and phosphonium functions. A higher catalytic activity was obtained for peroxidase in oxidation of phenol and laccase in oxidation of anisole. The low effect of glutaraldehyde on enzyme activity reveals the strong interaction of enzyme with the polymer support, respectively with the functional groups.
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Brianna Barbu. "Phosphonate polymers for greener MRI color." C&EN Global Enterprise 101, no. 27 (August 21, 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10127-scicon5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phosphonate polymers"

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Cave, Dale. "Synthesis of phosphonate chains, rings and polymers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251903.

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This thesis reports the synthesis and characterisation of a series of compounds with [O3PCH2N(CH2CO2)2]4-, PMIDA. The ligand forms a very stable anionic complex with 3d metals e.g. Co(II), Fe(II)(III), Ni(II) as well as Zn(II). As well as the chelating interaction to the central metal, the ligand bridges to other metals thereby generating anionic networks. The effect which the charge-balancing alkali metal cations have on the shape and connectivity of the metal-ligand lattice has been investigated. The coordination number of geometry of the transition metal ion also has an effect. Reactions with a variety of cobalt and zinc sources yield materials containing the [ML]2- repeat unit. Simple chains in which the anionic moiety polymerises in a head-to-tail fashion were obtained for Li, Na, K and Cs. Materials have also been prepared in which the fragments polymerise to give rings with 3 repeat units (Na) and 6 repeat units (K and Rb). For Rb and Cs, compounds have also been isolated in which some of the ligands are completely deprotonated. These have the formula M3H(CoL)2 and consist of simple chains which dimerise via hydrogen bonding. Dimeric molecular species K11HM2L4 (M=Co, Ni) may be prepared when excess ligand salt is used. Reaction of ligand salt with a variety of sources of Fe yields materials which contain mixtures of Fe(II) and Fe(III). When the counterion is potassium, a ladder-like polymer K3.5Fe2L2 can be isolated. By altering the reaction stoichiometry it is possible to isolate K11(FeL)6 in which the ML moieties polymerise to form infinite sheets. Using Na or Rb as the counterion produces materials containing closely related structures Na11(FeL)6 and Rb10(FeL)6 which have the same connectivity but which crystallise in different space groups. The phosphonate groups in these materials bridge between three Fe and forming a triangle-based lattice. The magnetic behaviour of the Co- and Fe-containing materials has been investigated.
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Wolf, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Poly(phosphonate)s: versatile polymers for biomedical applications / Thomas Wolf." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1154464571/34.

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Zoulalian, Vincent. "Functionalization of titanium oxide surfaces by means of poly(alkyl-phosphonate) polymers." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17618.

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Singla, Nisha. "Synthesis and characterization of diorganotin(IV) coordination polymers derived from silaalkylphosphonate and sulfonate based ligands." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2016. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7092.

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Heering, Christian [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Janiak, and Christian [Gutachter] Ganter. "New metal-organic frameworks and coordination polymers constructed from bifunctional linkers with carboxylate, pyrazolate and phosphonate / Christian Heering. Betreuer: Christoph Janiak. Gutachter: Christoph Janiak ; Christian Ganter." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107540216/34.

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Youle, Peter. "Phosphonated polymers for nanofibrous tissue scaffolds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/phosphonated-polymers-for-nanofibrous-tissue-scaffolds(74ec59c4-a062-4b98-b86a-7cefe5b59f4b).html.

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The work contained within concerns itself with the synthesis and characterisation of phosphonated polymers intended for application as nanofibrous tissue scaffolds for improving the healing of bone; it is based on previous work performed in the University of Manchester that identified poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibres coated with poly(vinylphosphonic acid-co-acrylic acid) (PVPA-co-AA) as a promising material for enhancing bone healing. This thesis initially focuses on the characterisation of a commercially sourced PVPA-co-AA by defining its composition and molar mass using quantitative 31P NMR and aqueous gel permeation chromatography. A method of synthesising the copolymer by free radical polymerization, with controlled rates of monomer addition, was developed to produce PVPA-co-AA copolymers with a range of compositions. Additionally, nanofibres of PVPA-co-AA were then formed by electrospinning and crosslinked with ethylene glycol; the subsequent nanofibres were found to be water stable and retain their structure after hydration and subsequent drying. A block copolymer, polycaprolactone-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PCL-b-PAA), was synthesised by four-step ATRP and two-step NMP based approaches, with the block character of the resulting copolymer being demonstrated by GPC and dynamic light scattering. The PCL-b-PAA was subsequently used as a compatibiliser for PCL and PVPA-co-AA emulsions, which were used to create composite nanofibres by electrospinning. These nanofibre were in turn characterized by scanning electron microscopy and compared to nanofibres formed using a surfactant, Span® 80, and the original dip-coated nanofibres. Finally, a small portion of work was undertaken to develop phosphonated PCL analogues, by attempting to synthesise phosphonated ε-caprolactone monomers.
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Negrell-Guirao, Claire. "Synthèse de monomères, télomères et (co)polymères allyliques phosphonés et leurs applications en ignifugation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20021/document.

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Depuis Juillet 2008, l'union européenne bannit une grande partie des retardateurs de flamme halogénés actuellement sur le marché pour des problèmes environnementaux. Les produits phosphorés s'avèrent une alternative prometteuse. Dans le cadre de ma thèse, nous décrivons la synthèse de monomères allyliques phosphonés cycliques, leur télomérisation, polymérisation et copolymérisation en solution par voie radicalaire mais aussi les premiers « essais feu» effectués. Les monomères allyliques phosphonés cycliques sont synthétisés par transestérification entre un glycol possédant une double liaison et un hydrogénophosphonate. La présence de diastéréoisomères nous a permis de faire une étude poussée en RMN pour comprendre la structure de ces composés. L'homopolymérisation radicalaire du dioxaphosphorinane hydrogéné faite en présence d'AIBN comme amorceur nous a permis d'obtenir des polymères avec 2 distributions chromatographiques composées d'oligomères et de polymères de haute masse moléculaire respectivement. Cette deuxième espèce présente une structure hyperbranchée avec des solubilités faibles qui nuisent aux futures applications. Des solutions alternatives ont été proposées comme la télomérisation de ce même monomère avec l'hydrogénophosphonate de diméthyle comme agent de transfert donnant une seule population d'oligomères. Le remplacement de l'hydrogène lié au phosphore par un groupement alkyle ou aryle simplifient le mécanisme de polymérisation pour former des chaînes macromoléculaires où les groupements phosphonés sont situés dans les chaînes latérales. La copolymérisation Accepteur/Donneur entre l'anhydride maléique et les allyl éthers phosphonés a été envisagée pour produire des copolymères alternés avec la possibilité d'introduire des groupements différents comme les acides carboxyliques, potentiellement intéressants pour la résistance au feu. Une dernière solution, utilisant la synergie des atomes d'azote et de phosphore, a été mise en oeuvre par la synthèse d'oligomères allyl amine phosphonés par polymérisation radicalaire en solution aqueuse. Un bilan de tous les polymères phosphonés a été réalisé dans le but de tester leurs performances en tant que retardateurs de flamme. Les caractérisations en analyse thermogravimétrique et en microcalorimètre ont montré une bonne thermostabilité des télomères comme des copolymères et une chaleur dégagée équivalente au produit de référence. Les essais feu sur textile au cône calorimètre montrent que des résultats encourageants sur les polymères synthétisés
Since July 2008, a wide rnage of halogenated flame retardants was withdrawed from the market for environmental problems by the European Union. The phosphorous products turn out to be promising candidates. Within the framework of my thesis, the synthesis of allyl cyclic phosphonated monomers is described as well as their telomerization, polymerization and copolymerization in solution using a radical process). Their flame retardant behavior was also evaluated. Allyl cyclic phosphonated monomers are synthesized by transesterification between a glycol with a double bond and hydrogenophosphonate. An NMR study of the obtained diastereoisomers allowed us to fully understand the structure of these compounds. Radical homopolymerization of hydrogenated dioxaphosphorinane, in the presence of AIBN as initiator, allowed us to obtain polymers with two molar mass distributions: one for oligomers and one for polymers of higher molar mass. This second species is due to a hyperbranched structure showing poor solubility in common solvents, which damage the future applications. The telomerization of the same monomer was carried out using dimethyl hydrogenophosphonate as chain transfer agent leading only one population of oligomers. Furtehrmore, the replacement of the hydrogen linked to phosphorus by an alkyl or aryl group simplify the mechanism of polymerization since only linear oligomers are obtained. Acceptor-donor copolymerization of maleic anhydride and phosphonated allyl ethers, allowed producing alternated copolymers with the opportunity to introduce different reactive groups such as carboxylic acids. Then, oligomers were produced by radical polymerization of phosphonated allyl amine in order to potentially use the nitrogen-phosphorus synergy. An overview of all the phosphonated polymers previously synthesized, was done with the aim of testing their flame retardant performances. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a good thermal behavior of the telomers and the copolymers, similar heat release rate was observed by microcalorimeter compare to commercial product. High efficiency of these phosphorus-containing flame retardants polymers was finally evidenced by using the cone calorimeter on textile
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Ju, Lin. "Non-Covalent Interactions in Polymeric Materials: From Ionomers to Polymer Blends." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102651.

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Conventional studies of ionomers have focused on ionomers bearing monovalent carboxylate or sulfonate pendant ions. There are relatively fewer studies on ionomers containing multivalent pendant ions, such as divalent phosphonate. In this dissertation, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polystyrene ionomers with divalent phosphonate pendant ions have been synthesized, and the influence of divalent phosphonate pendant ions on the structure-morphology-property relationship has been compared to the ionomers with monovalent sulfonate pendant ions. The phosphonate groups generated a stronger physically crosslinked network in phosphonated ionomers as compared to sulfonated analogues. Higher plateau modulus, longer relaxation time, and significantly higher zero-shear viscosity were noted for phosphonated ionomers by a dynamic melt rheology study. Compared to the ionic aggregates generated from sulfonate groups, larger ionic aggregates with associated phosphonate groups have been observed. Furthermore, phosphonated ionomers displayed significantly higher glass transition temperatures than sulfonated ionomers. Ionomers have proven to be attractive, interfacially active compatibilizers for a number of polymer blend systems because of specific interactions that may develop between the ionic groups and complementary functional groups on other polar polymers within the blends. The successful compatibilization of polyester/polyamide blends (prepared by solution mixing and melt blending methods) using phosphonated PET ionomers as a minor-component compatibilizer has been demonstrated. The phase-separated polyamide domain dimension decreased with increasing mol % phosphonated monomers and this decrease was attributed to the specific interactions between the ionic phosphonate groups on the polyester ionomer and the amide linkages of polyamide. More importantly, the divalent phosphonate pendant ions are more effective at compatibilizing polyester/polyamide blends in comparison to the monovalent sulfonate pendant ions. Phosphonated PET ionomer-compatibilized polyester/polyamide blends required 6 times fewer ionic monomers to achieve domain dimension < 1 μm as compared to sulfonated PET-containing blends. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been reported to be the next generation solvents due to the superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability as compared to ionic liquids. Two types of deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride : malic acid (ChCl:MA) and L-arginine : levulinic acid (Arg:LA), have been demonstrated as effective plasticizers for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) films. The plasticization effects on the properties of PVOH films were evidenced by lower crystallizability and improved film ductility. In addition, ChCl:MA deep eutectic solvent was more effective in plasticizing PVOH as compared to propylene glycol, one of the most widely studied alcohol-type plasticizers. From an applied perspective, DES-plasticized PVOH film is a promising candidate in the packaging market of heath-related products.
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Lu, Ling. "Synthesis and properties of pillared and non-pillared metal organo-phosphates and phosphonates." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385318.

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Myrex, Ronald Dustan. "Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus-containing inorganic polymers." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007r/myrex.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007.
Additional advisors: Houston Boyd, Tracy Hamilton, Christopher Lawson, Charles Watkins. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 8, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Phosphonate polymers"

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Troev, Kolio D. Polyphosphoesters: Chemistry and Application. Elsevier, 2012.

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Troev, Kolio D. Polyphosphoesters: Chemistry and Application. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Phosphonate polymers"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Dibutyl Butyl Phosphonate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 207. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3526.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Di(2-ethylhexyl) 2-Ethylhexyl Phosphonate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 217. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3632.

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Papathanasiou, Konstantinos E., and Konstantinos D. Demadis. "Polymeric Matrices for the Controlled Release of Phosphonate Active Agents for Medicinal Applications." In Handbook of Polymers for Pharmaceutical Technologies, 89–124. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119041559.ch4.

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Sakaguchi, Yoshimitsu, Kota Kitamura, Junko Nakao, Shiro Hamamoto, Hiroshi Tachimori, and Satoshi Takase. "Preparation and Properties of Sulfonated or Phosphonated Polybenzimidazoles and Polybenzoxazoles." In Functional Condensation Polymers, 95–104. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47563-4_8.

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Papathanasiou, Konstantinos E., Maria Vassaki, Argyro Spinthaki, Argyri Moschona, and Konstantinos D. Demadis. "Silica-Based Polymeric Gels as Platforms for Delivery of Phosphonate Pharmaceutics." In Polymer Gels, 127–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6083-0_5.

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Southard, G. E., K. A. Van Houten, Edward W. Ott, and G. M. Murray. "Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Phosphonate Sensors." In ACS Symposium Series, 19–37. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0980.ch002.

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Schwetlick, Klaus. "Mechanisms of Antioxidant Action of Phosphite and Phosphonite Esters." In Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation, 23–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3838-3_2.

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Wolf, Thomas, and Frederik R. Wurm. "Chapter 10. Organocatalytic Ring-opening Polymerization Towards Poly(cyclopropane)s, Poly(lactame)s, Poly(aziridine)s, Poly(siloxane)s, Poly(carbosiloxane)s, Poly(phosphate)s, Poly(phosphonate)s, Poly(thiolactone)s, Poly(thionolactone)s and Poly(thiirane)s." In Polymer Chemistry Series, 406–72. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788015738-00406.

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"Dibutyl butyl phosphonate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 277. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_3473.

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"Di(2-ethylhexyl) 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 290. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_3579.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phosphonate polymers"

1

Shaw, S. S. S., and K. S. S. Sorbie. "Synergistic Properties of Phosphonate and Polymeric Scale Inhibitor Blends for Barium Sulphate Scale Inhibition." In SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169752-ms.

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Abstract Barium sulphate is one of the most difficult types of scale to inhibit in oil and gas production systems, due to its physical hardness and its chemical and thermal stability. Barium sulphate is most commonly inhibited using either phosphonate or polymeric scale inhibitors (SIs) deployed at sub-stoichiometric concentrations. What is less well known in the oil industry is the effect of using combinations of two (or more) SIs synergistically for enhanced scale inhibition performance. A positive “synergistic” effect would be where, for example, 5ppm of A + 5ppm of B performed better than 10ppm of either A or B. In this paper, a series of static barium sulphate inhibition efficiency (IE) test results are presented, in which a series of pairs of SIs have been tested to determine their synergistic properties at pH 5.5 and 95°C. Polymers can be blended with phosphonates, or alternatively pairs of phosphonates or polymers may be applied. In all cases, the synergistic IE is compared with the IE of each SI tested independently at the mass dosage (i.e. the same concentration in mg/L or ppm). Each separate single SI used in the work has been tested previously for barium sulphate IE at pH 5.5, 95°C in order to determine the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) for each species (Shaw et al, 2012a, 2012b). Previously, 9 phosphonate and 9 polymeric SIs have been tested individually and, in this work, 34 SI combinations have been tested to examine their synergistic properties. The MICs of the synergistic blends are compared with the normal MICs of the individual SIs. Surprisingly, in most cases, the IE of the blends is usually higher over the range of SI concentrations tested (i.e. the MIC of the blend is lower), compared to that of each SI tested separately. Certain “pairs” of SIs used together yield a significantly beneficial effect, e.g. DETPMP and HMTPMP. Some mechanistic reasons why these synergistic pairs work particularly well are suggested.
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Jordan, Myles, Kim Vikshåland, and Michael Johnston. "Synergistic Scale Inhibitor Blends Provide Enhanced Carbonate Scale Management- Laboratory to Field." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213843-ms.

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Abstract Control of inorganic sulphate and carbonate scales with polymer, phosphonate and phosphate ester scale inhibitors is well established within the oilfield service industry. Less well understood is the potential for synergistic interactions with blends of polymers/phosphonates/phosphate esters to give reduced treatment rates, lower chemical discharge volumes and potentially lower treatment cost specifically for carbonate scale control. In this paper selection and field trial application of such a synergistic blend is presented to control severe scaling within produced fluid heaters on a North Sea platform. Dynamic scale loop (DSL) tests were carried out to evaluate inhibition of a range of single component inhibitors before blends of these chemicals including biopolymer/phosphonate and carboxylic acid functionalized polymer/phosphonate were evaluated to try to reduce the inhibitor concentration required to control both calcium carbonate (saturation ratio, SR 550, mass 1100mg/l) and barium sulphate (SR 55, mass 450mg/l) scale formation. For this challenging carbonate (milder sulphate) scale environment at high temperature (105°C), it was observed that a blend of a polymer (carboxylic acid functionalized polymer) and currently applied low molecular weight phosphonate was more effective than either of the components by themselves, suggesting synergistic interaction. Results from the initial field trial of the synergistic blend are presented with monitoring methods outlined to confirm that the formulation is as effective as the laboratory evaluated tests suggested. The initial trial started at the incumbent products injection rate for 1 week with differential pressure across the production and test heaters carefully trended (along with fluid flow rate and fluid heating performance) to confirm scale control prior to a 20% reduction in treatment rate being applied for 1 week with a further reduction of 40% of the incumbent being applied for another 7 days prior to the incumbent chemical being reinstated to allow review of the trial formulations performance. Along with differential pressure trending scaling ions, suspended solids assessment via environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and measurement of inhibitor concentration within the produced water was carried out to ensure scale control was effective. The current regulatory challenges with REACH (registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction of chemicals) mean that the methods outlined in this study offer the potential to reduce chemical treatment rate, cost and environmental impact by evaluating the synergistic interaction of the current range of commercially available environmentally suitable scale inhibitors and therefore eliminating the very high registration costs/ time delays to the market associated with new inhibitor molecule development.
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Silva, Célia, Alan Beteta, Katherine McIver, and Ken Sorbie. "The Impact of EOR Polymers on the Adsorption of Phosphonate Scale Inhibitors." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213820-ms.

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Abstract Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is critical to optimally produce existing reserves with a minimised carbon footprint. However, it is essential that the EOR process does not impact ongoing production chemistry treatments. Here, the focus is placed on the interactions between EOR polymers and scale inhibitors in terms of adsorption. The adsorption of both EOR polymer and scale inhibitor is assessed using static adsorption tests to understand and analyse the competitive adsorption between the two species. The study also clarifies some features of the adsorption kinetics of the EOR polymer used in this study, HPAM (partially hydrolysed poly acrylamide). Static adsorption bottle tests were performed under conditions of fixed pH and mass/volume ratio (m/V); m = mass of substrate and V = volume of solution. In these experiments, HPAM and DETPMP were used as the polymer and as the scale inhibitor, respectively. The adsorption levels of HPAM and DETPMP were tested under a range of conditions, viz. adsorption was measured separately, in combination initially (at t = 0), and in sequential addition experiments (at t = t1). A series of experiments was carried out to construct the HPAM adsorption isotherm in order to have a better understanding of the results. All tests were conducted at 70°C as this is the typical upper temperature at which HPAM would be applied in the field and is a common mid-range temperature at which DETPMP would be used. The main experiments were conducted for 72 hours with sampling every 24 hours. For the same concentration in North Sea seawater, it was possible to observe that the adsorption was constant over time for the DETPMP (i.e. at equilibrium). However, over this period the HPAM adsorption values increased with time indicating that the system was not at equilibrium. In combination experiments, HPAM appears to have a lower adsorption in the presence of DETPMP – or is kinetically retarded by DETPMP – regardless of the order in which the chemicals are combined. In order to better understand these observations, a detailed kinetic study of HPAM was performed, which showed that adsorption equilibrium was only reached after about 14 days. This study suggests, that (i) competitive adsorption between DETPMP and HPAM can result in reduced HPAM adsorption (and possible kinetic modification), and (ii) that the adsorption of HPAM occurs kinetically slowly in terms of well production time scales. These results are amongst the first observations of this type in the literature, and they highlight the need for the industry to develop a better understanding of the competitive interactions between scale inhibitor treatments and EOR polymers. The implications of our experimental findings for field applications is highlighted in this paper.
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Zhang, Y., J. K. K. Daniels, J. Hardy-Fidoe, C. Durnell, M. E. Broussard, E. Hammond, and X. Huang. "Scale Inhibitor Residual Analysis: Twenty-first Century Approach." In SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169773-ms.

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AbstractControl of inorganic scale deposition within the near well bore area under both natural depletion and injection water support has been a challenge to the oil industry for a number of decades. The application of scale inhibitor squeeze treatments to production wells to control the onset of inorganic scale within the near-wellbore and production tubing has been a common practice within the onshore and offshore oil and gas industry for over 30 years.The development of subsea fields require scale inhibitor squeeze treatments with extended squeeze lifetimes while limited number of flowlines to the host facility has increased the difficulty in obtaining and evaluating individual well water samples from which residual scale inhibitor concentrations are derived. Traditional analytical techniques, while robust and widely accepted, do not provide differentiation between scale inhibitors that belong to the same chemical family (i.e.: two or more phosphonates or two or more polymers).The individual analysis of phosphonate scale inhibitors in co-mingled flow backs from subsea wells is a particularly challenging application for analytical techniques in the industry. Advances in separation and mass detection techniques, however, provide new options to accurately measure the concentration of scale inhibitors in these fluids to very low detection limits.This paper will describe the analytical development of these new techniques and discuss its implication to the optimization of scale squeeze treatments in subsea, deepwater developments.
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Yao, Xuanzhu, Xin Wang, Saebom Ko, Cianna Leschied, Yu Yi Shen, Daniel Pimentel, Chanaka Navarathna, et al. "Fate and Transport of Sulfonated Polymeric Inhibitors in the Reservoir: Studied by Column Experiments With Calcite Media." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213787-ms.

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Abstract Sulfonated polymers are frequently used in the oil and gas industry to prevent inorganic scale damage, but studying their fate and transport in reservoirs has been difficult due to the challenges in analyzing them at effective concentrations. Recycling inhibitors in reservoirs necessitates inhibitors that do not adhere strongly to mineral surfaces, making polymeric inhibitors a promising option. This research aims to examine the sorption and transport of sulfonated polymeric inhibitors in calcite-packed columns using the Brine Chemistry Inhibitor (BCIn) technique, with the goal of recycling the inhibitors, specifically in the Permian basin. The BCIn method was used in this study to determine concentrations of sulfonated inhibitors, which had been shown to be reliable for measuring polymeric inhibitors at near ppm levels. The study began with conducting batch experiments on barite and calcite salts to gain initial insights into the adsorption properties of inhibitors. Next, flow-through experiments were performed where sulfonated inhibitors were injected into a column packed with calcite, followed by a flow-back test. Different sulfonated polymeric inhibitors were tested under various temperatures in the lab’s synthetic brine matrices. The concentrations of sulfonates versus injected time were plotted to assess the retention of inhibitors on rock surfaces. A commonly used phosphonate scale inhibitor (DTPMP) was included for comparison of adsorption characteristics. The experimental findings suggest that sulfonated polymeric inhibitors exhibit limited adsorption capacity but strong binding between inhibitor molecules and mineral surfaces. An inhibitor treatment scenario is proposed, where the first injection is used to saturate the surfaces of rocks, and subsequently, produced water containing low-concentration inhibitors can be recycled. The research expands our understanding of sulfonated polymeric scale inhibitors’ fate and transport in reservoirs, overcoming the challenge of analyzing polymeric inhibitors at low concentrations. The results provide evidence supporting the potential of applying polymeric inhibitors via injection wells for safeguarding production.
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Yan, Fei, Amy T. Kan, Chao Yan, Lu Wang, Ya Liu, and Mason B. Tomson. "Experimental and Modeling Study on Enhancement of Squeeze Treatment in Sandstone by the Addition of Zinc Ion." In SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169753-ms.

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Abstract Scale inhibitor squeeze treatment is often used to control mineral scales in the oilfield. However, the performance of scale inhibitor squeeze treatment is sometimes not satisfactory due to low inhibitor retention in the formation and a short squeeze life. It has been previously found that the addition of transition metal ions increased the retention of phosphonate and carboxylate polymeric inhibitor in carbonate formation. In this study, laboratory squeeze experiments were conducted to evaluate squeeze treatment by the addition of metal ions (zinc) in Berea sandstone and oil field core materials. Several scale inhibitors including phosphonate, phosphinopolycarboxylic acid (PPCA), and phosphonated carboxylate polymer were investigated, and these scale inhibitors were mixed with metal ions in the inhibitor pill for squeeze application. Experimental results demonstrated that zinc ions in the inhibitor pills improved retention of scale inhibitors and increased squeeze life significantly. It is proposed that the metal-inhibitor precipitate or complex formed, and the formation of the precipitate/complex enhances the adsorption of scale inhibitor in the mineral matrix. It was also found that chemical composition of the mineral may have an impact on the performance of squeeze treatment, and high concentration of iron may limit the effectiveness of this treatment. The demonstration of metal ions to improve scale inhibitor squeeze will have significant implications on scale control in the oilfield.
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Xu, Bo, Tao Chen, Ping Chen, Harry Montgomerie, Thomas Hagen, Qi Guo, and Xu Yang. "Influence of Calcium and Bicarbonate Ions on the Kinetics of CaCO3 Formation at High Temperature in the Absence and Presence of Scale Inhibitors." In SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169769-ms.

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Abstract The calcium and bicarbonate ions, present in the produced waters in the oilfields, are two major scaling ions in CaCO3 formation. In the last decade, a lot of studies have been focused on the thermodynamic or kinetics of CaCO3 formation, including the effects of scaling ions, temperature, pH, pCO2, etc. Seldom studies are focused on the kinetics of calcium carbonate surface deposition with different levels of calcium and bicarbonate, especially in the presence of scale inhibitors. In the work reported herein, dynamic loop tests were carried out to study the kinetics of CaCO3surface deposition in three typical produced waters (Water-1, high calcium and low bicarbonate; Water-2, medium calcium and medium bicarbonate; Water-3, low calcium and high bicarbonate) with same saturation index (SI) at 150°C. Typical scale inhibitor chemistries, including phosphonate, polycarboxylic, polymaleic, polysulphonate, polyacrylic, polyaspartate based scale inhibitors, have been tested in three tested waters. The following conclusions are drawn based on the test results. SI generated by applied prediction software is a parameter indicating the thermodynamic driving force. The kinetics of scale formation, more representative field conditions, should be studied as well to give a guideline of scale formation in the fields.Comparison of calcium, bicarbonate is the dominant kinetic factor for CaCO3 formation in the absence and presence of inhibitors.Higher bicarbonate water, higher minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) is requested, even the three tested waters with a same SI.The ranking of the performance of scale inhibitor are dependent on the water chemistries and inhibitor chemistries. Some of the best ranking phosphonates in Water-1 and Water-2 with low and medium bicarbonate showed poor performance on Water-3 with high bicarbonate. Some polymers showed contrary ranking performance. This paper gives a comprehensive study of the kinetics of CaCO3surface deposition considering the effects of calcium and bicarbonate, including prediction, laboratory evaluation, mechanisms and inhibitor selection. It will contribute to understand the kinetics of CaCO3 formation and recommend effective inhibitors for field application. Environmentally acceptable inhibitors have been developed for different CaCO3 water chemistries at elevated temperature and are suitable for applications through squeeze treatment or continuous injection.
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Liu, Ya, Rebecca Vilain, and Dong Shen. "How Does EOR Polymer Impact Scale Control During ASP Flooding?" In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204350-ms.

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Abstract Polymer based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology has drawn more and more attention in the oil and gas industry. The impacts of EOR polymer on scale formation and control are not well known yet. This research investigated the impacts of EOR polymer on calcite scale formation with and without the presence of scale inhibitors. Seven different types of scale inhibitors were tested, including four different phosphonate inhibitors and three different polymeric inhibitors. Test brines included severe and moderate calcite scaling brines. The severe calcite brine is to simulate alkaline surfactant polymer (ASP) flooding conditions with high pH and high carbonate concentration. The test method used was the 24 hours static bottle test. Visual observation and the residual calcium (Ca2+) concentration determination were conducted after bottle test finished. It was found that EOR polymer can serve as a scale inhibitor in moderate calcite scaling brines, although the required dosage was significantly higher than common scale inhibitors. Strong synergistic effects were observed between EOR polymer and phosphonate scale inhibitors on calcite control, which can significantly reduce scale inhibitor dosage and provides a solution for calcite control in ASP flooding. The impact of EOR polymer on polymeric scale inhibitors varied depending on polymer types. Antagonism was observed between EOR polymer and sulfonated copolymer inhibitor, while there was weak synergism between EOR polymer and acrylic copolymer inhibitors. Therefore, when selecting scale inhibitors for polymer flooding wells in the future, the impact of EOR polymer on scale inhibitor performance should be considered.
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Johnston, Clare, and Louise Sutherland. "The Influence of Turbulence (or Hydrodynamic Effects) on Strontium Sulphate Scale Formation and Inhibitor Performance." In SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169760-ms.

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Abstract Inorganic scale (carbonate, sulphate and sulphides) formation can be predicted from thermodynamic models and over recent years better kinetic data has improved the prediction of such scales in field conditions. However these models have not been able to predict the observed deposition where flow disturbances occur, such as at chokes, tubing joints, gas lift valves and safety valves. This can lead to unexpected failures of critical equipment such as downhole safety valves (DHSV’s), and operational issues such as failure to access the well for coiled tubing operations due to tubing restrictions. In recent years it has been recognised that the turbulence found at these locations increases the likelihood of scale formation and experiments have been able to demonstrate that increased turbulence also impacts the minimum scale inhibitor concentration required to prevent scale. One of the industry standard test methods used to screen inhibitors for sulphate scale inhibition is the static bottle test. In this paper the ‘static’ bottle test method is modified to investigate the effects of increasing levels of turbulence on the formation of strontium sulphate scale at a fixed brine composition. Using this modified method it has been possible to demonstrate the impact of varying turbulence on the performance of two common generic types of scale inhibitor (phosphonate and vinyl sulphonate co-polymer). Data on the mass of scale formed, scale morphology using SEM imaging and inhibitor efficiency will be linked to degree of turbulence and scale inhibitor functionality (nucleation inhibition vs. crystal growth retardation). This study builds on the previously published10 findings for barium sulphate which showed phosphonates were less affected by turbulent conditions by carrying out similar tests on strontium sulphate. A clear mechanistic conclusion can now be drawn for sulphate scale formation and inhibition under increasingly turbulent conditions. The findings from this study have a significant impact on the methods of screening scale inhibitors for field application that should be utilised and development of suitable inhibitors that perform better under higher shear conditions.
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Shaw, S. S., and K. S. Sorbie. "Synergistic Properties of Phosphonate and Polymeric Scale Inhibitor Blends for Barium Sulphate Scale Inhibition." In SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169752-ms.

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