Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phosphate removing

Academic literature on the topic 'Phosphate removing'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Phosphate removing"

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Bond, P. L., P. Hugenholtz, J. Keller, and L. L. Blackall. "Bacterial community structures of phosphate-removing and non-phosphate-removing activated sludges from sequencing batch reactors." Applied and environmental microbiology 61, no. 5 (1995): 1910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.5.1910-1916.1995.

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Ubukata, Y., and S. Takii. "Induction ability of excess phosphate accumulation for phosphate removing bacteria." Water Research 28, no. 1 (January 1994): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(94)90141-4.

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Ubukata, Y., and S. Takii. "Some physiological characteristics of a phosphate-removing bacterium, microlunatus phosphovorus, and a simplified isolation and identification method for phosphate-removing bacteria." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0037.

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Some physiological characteristics of a phosphate (Pi)-removing bacterium, Microlunatus phosphovorus, are investigated using aerobically grown cells and cells exhibiting excess Pi accumulation (EPA) in order to determine a simplified isolation and identification method for other Pi-removing bacteria. Such a method would save on the amount of sterile equipment needed, and reduce the number of experimental steps and labor time. The EPA activity of the isolate reached a plateau 13 hours into the anaerobic incubation time, but it reached 70% of that level after only 5 hours. The EPA activity of the cells during the stationary growth phase was higher than that during the exponential growth phase. Polyphosphate (polyP) accumulated in the cells was shown to be used as an energy storage material (a phosphagen) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. During aerobic starvation, the rate of decrease in the ATP concentration of the suspension of cells that contained polyP was markedly less than that of the suspension of cells without polyP. Therefore, bacterial cells rich in polyP survive longer than bacterial cells lacking polyP.
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Xie, Youhui, Qin Li, Xianzhi Zhao, Yi Luo, Yangming Wang, Xiangwei Peng, Qigui Wang, Jian Su, and Yin Lu. "Removing and Recovering Phosphate from Poultry Wastewater Using Amorphous Ceramics." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/132582.

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A novel and effective technique for phosphate from poultry wastewater was developed using amorphous ceramics. Amorphous ceramics, which showed high performance for phosphate removal and recovery from poultry wastewater, were synthesized using unlimitedly available, inexpensive materials such as silica fume and lime. Dissolved phosphate in poultry wastewater can be deposited as a solid on the surface of amorphous ceramics. Phosphate content on the surface of amorphous ceramics could reach 14.20%. The phosphate removal and recovery process and mechanism was revealed by a series of characterizations, such as XRD, FESEM, BET, and so on. The present study demonstrated that amorphous ceramics have great potential as a novel, beneficial material for removing and recovering phosphate from poultry wastewater.
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Jun, Tae-Sung, No-Hyung Park, Dea-Sup So, Joon-Woo Lee, Kwang Bo Shim, and Heon Ham. "Phosphate removing by graphene oxide in aqueous solution." Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology 23, no. 6 (December 31, 2013): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6111/jkcgct.2013.23.6.325.

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Nounah, A., M. Ferhat, and J. L. Lacout. "Removing Cadmium from Phosphate Ores by Pyrometallurgical Process." Advanced Materials Research 1-2 (September 1994): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1-2.155.

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Ruzhitskaya, Olga. "Efficient phosphate removal by biological corrosion method." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018004009.

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Water quality deterioration in water bodies is directly related to the development of anthropogenic eutrophication processes. To resolve this complex issue, one needs to minimize biogenic discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds into the water bodies. The article presents relevant information in the field of phosphate-removing wastewater treatment, describes the most effective biological and biological-chemical methods of phosphate-removing wastewater treatment. The article presents the results of research on phosphate-removing wastewater treatment methods using iron-bearing reinforced feed material (biological corrosion method, biogalvanic method). The placement of reinforced feed material in a standard air tank allowed to significantly increase the efficiency of organic contamination-removing biological wastewater treatment. The biological process activation ratio due to the use of reinforced feed material amounted to 1.78. The placement of reinforced feed material in the bioreactor, which operates without activated sludge return, allowed to achieve complete phosphate removal from the waste water. The maximum effect of phosphate removal (99 %) with the concentration of phosphate in treated water below the detection limit was achieved after 4 to 6 hours of wastewater treatment in the bioreactor, with the concentration of organic contamination in the incoming wastewater from 150 to 300 mgBOD/L and the concentration of phosphate upstream of the bioreactor from 4 to 6 mg PO4/L. Based on the research carried out, it was concluded that the use of biological corrosion method allows to achieve high efficiency of phosphate removal, as well as to intensify the biological process of organic contamination removal from waste water.
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Wang, Yu Qi, Qi Zhang, Luo Feng Liu, Bi Jun Luo, Dan Wu, and Ping Huang Xi. "Study on Removing Ammonium Nitrogen from Wastewater Using Magnesium Hydroxide." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2550.

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Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation has been studied by using magnesium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate as precipitators for treating simulation wastewater in which the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 10.00g/L. The effect of reaction time, pH and precipitator ratio on ammonium nitrogen removal rate has been investigated. The obtained optimum treatment conditions of MAP precipitation for treating ammonia nitrogen wastewater are as follows: reaction time is 4 hours, pH is 8.0, the molar ratio of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonia nitrogen in wastewater, i.e. n (P):n (N), is 1.2, the molar ratio of magnesium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, i.e. n (Mg):n (P), is 1.4. Under these conditions, the ammonium nitrogen removal rate, by using MAP precipitation for treating simulation ammonia nitrogen wastewater, is 90.71%.
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Cloete, T. E., P. L. Steyn, and L. Buchan. "An Aut-Ecological Study of Acinetobacter in Activated Sludge." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1985): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0228.

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Data are reported on the role of Acinetobacter in phosphate removal in activated sludge. The fluorescent antibody (FA) technique was applied in an autecological study of Acinetobacter in this habitat. Results indicated that Acinetobacter was present in numbers exceeding 106 organisms per cm3 throughout all zones of the activated sludge process, with higher numbers occurring in the aeration zone. It was also found that Acinetobacter numbers did not vary regardless of whether phosphate was removed or not. Combined electron microscopy and electron dispersive micro-analysis of X-rays (EDAX) furthermore indicated that bacteria from phosphate removing activated sludge plants contained phosphate granules, whereas those from non-removing plants or where removal had stopped, did not contain phosphate granules at all. Hence, it was concluded that no major population shifts of Acinetobacter occurred in activated sludge and that the process of phosphate accumulation is induced in Acinetobacter. However, Acinetobacter never occurred in numbers sufficiently large to account for phosphate removal to the extent sometimes observed in activated sludge.
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Affandi, Komala Affiyanti, and Arseto Yekti Bagastyo. "Removal of ammonium and phosphate in the simulated wastewater by using coal fly ash adsorbent." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 5, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v5i1.129.

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The main composition and availability of fly ash cause this waste which has potential as an adsorbent to remove ammonium and phosphate in water. Difference of main composition will cause different removal efficiency. The purposes from this research are to determine optimal condition for removing concentration ammonium and phosphate and to determine the source of fly ash which has great potential for ammonium and phosphate removal in solution. The optimal conditions were carried out by varying pH of solution and adsorbent dosages to remove ammonium and phosphate concentrations in different initial concentrations. Optimum pH of solution in this research is 8 with range of ammonium removal efficiency 8% to 14% and 16% to 75% for removing phosphate which has condition ammonium concentration higher than phosphate. Ammonium concentration lower than phosphate will have a negative effect on the removal. Adsorbent dosage of 4.5 g is able to produce optimal removal efficiency both ammonium and phosphate. From five different sources of fly ash, Punagaya fly ash has the great potential for removal ammonium and phosphate simultaneously which has an adsorption capacity of 7.17 mg/g and 19.50 mg/g for ammonium and phosphate respectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phosphate removing"

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Paterson, Jaimie Bruce. "Removing phosphate from wastewater : evaluation of the performance of duckweed (Lemna minor) operating under cool temperate conditions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19177/.

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Reserves of rock phosphate are expiring, increasing the pressure on global agriculture already under stress from growing populations and unsustainable water supplies. The UK imports phosphate for agriculture and primary industries, but subsequently returns much of what it has imported after use as wastes to watercourses through diffuse discharges from agricultural runoff and point discharges from wastewater treatment works. It proves costly to control phosphorus to the low discharge concentrations required in order to avoid eutrophication in water courses. Duckweed is a free floating macrophyte that has been shown to remove large quantities of nutrients from wastewater under tropical and sub-tropical conditions, but its potential for wastewater remediation and nutrient recovery in cool temperate countries is largely unknown. This thesis explores that potential, by exposing the duckweed Lemna minor to simulated and real wastewater treatment conditions of a cool temperate climate, while observing the influence of process variables controlling biomass growth and phosphorus uptake from both growth solution and wastewater. Under controlled microcosm experiments, it was found that the most influential variables controlling biomass growth and phosphorus uptake were photoperiod and acclimation to phosphorus respectively. When duckweed was acclimated to low phosphorus concentrations, cellular phosphate reduced, causing subsequent periods of rapid phosphate uptake when the inoculum was resupplied with higher phosphorus concentrations. As a result, phosphate in solution was removed from 15 mg P L-1 to <0.1 mg L-1 in four days while under simulated UK summer and winter conditions. In mesocosm experiments conducted under continual flow conditions with a hydraulic retention time of two days, it was found that two duckweed tanks in series were able to remove phosphate from wastewater at 10 mg P L-1 to concentrations similar to that achieved by large wastewater treatment works in the UK (< 0.2 mg P L-1). Preliminary results using an outdoor pilot-scale system helped to better understand the challenges of operating within more realistic conditions, as the entire process is profoundly affected by changes in wastewater characteristics feeding the system; however, time constraints prevented a full study to assess the magnitude of such impacts on phosphorus uptake and biomass growth.
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Chen, Yingying, and Yingying Chen. "Removing Phosphonate Antiscalants from Membrane Concentrate Solutions using Ferric Hydroxide Adsorbents." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624128.

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Phosphonate antiscalants are commonly used in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis water treatment to prevent membrane fouling by mineral scale. In many circumstances it is desirable to remove these phosphonate compounds before concentrate disposal or further treatment. This research investigated the removal of phosphonate compounds from simulated membrane concentrate solutions using ferric hydroxide adsorbents. Two phosphonate antiscalants were investigated, Permatreat 191® (PT191) and nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid (NTMP). Batch adsorption isotherms and column breakthrough and regeneration experiments were performed on two commercial adsorbents and a ferric hydroxide loaded polyacrylonitrile fiber adsorbent prepared in our laboratory. The best performing adsorbent was Granular Ferric Hydroxide® (GFH) obtained from GEH Wasserchemie. Adsorption isotherms measured after 24-hour equilibration periods showed initial concentration effects, whereby the isotherms were dependent on the initial adsorbate concentration in solution. Significant differences in adsorption behavior were observed between the PT191 and the NTMP adsorbates. Differences in adsorption behavior between NTMP and PT191 are all consistent with the PT191 containing fewer phosphonate functional groups per molecule than NTMP. Desorption rates were bimodal, with 40-50% of the adsorbed phosphonate being released on a time scale of 10-24 hours, while the remaining fraction was released approximately one order of magnitude more slowly. The slow desorbing fraction primarily resulted from equilibrium effects resulting from significant phosphonate adsorption, even in 1.0 mol/L NaOH solutions. Complete regeneration could not be achieved, even after eluting the adsorbent columns with more than 300 bed volumes of 1.0 mol/L NaOH. However, the incomplete regeneration had only a minor effect on phosphonate uptake in subsequent column breakthrough experiments.
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Козар, Марина Юріївна. "Розробка технології біологічного очищення стічних вод від сполук фосфору в системі анаеробно-аеробних біореакторів." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2014. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/8673.

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LI, TING-HUEI, and 李庭慧. "Removing Boron From Wastewater By Calcium-Phosphate Coprecipitation Method." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35858589886465916735.

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碩士
萬能科技大學
環境工程研究所
105
The application and limitation of removing boron from wastewater by calcium-phosphate coprecipitation method was investigated. Effects of precipitant molar ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the removal efficiency of anions were examined. It was found that the higher the molar ratio, and reaction temperature, the higher removal efficiency of boron. Moreover, time required to remove of boron was 30 min. It was experimentally concluded that under suitable conditions, the boron can be efficiently removed and the removal performances was 99%. Some problems that should be overcome for the practical application of chemical precipitation method to remove the anions from wastewater were also discussed.
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Hsu, Shu-Chuan, and 許淑娟. "Phosphate-removing ability of purple non-sulfur bacteria anaerobicly cultivated with different energy source." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80359496022481923821.

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碩士
國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
94
Biological phosphorus removal from wastewater had been accomplishing in activated sludge reactors by proper process design. One of the potential PAOs in EBPR system was believed to be the Rhodocyclus-related microorganism which was identified phylogenetically close to the Rhodosiprillums. However, the role they play in systems have not been fully understood yet. Previous studies from our research demonstrated that the purple nonsulfur bacteria isolated from activated sludge could remove phosphorus from wastewater by accumulate it as intracellular polyphosphate. Polyphosphate-accumulating ability of the phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteria was found to be twice stronger than other PAOs in both anaerobic and aerobic condition, and this model of biological phosphorus removal were different with the PAOs model described by scientists. Furthermore, the results also showed that most of the isolated pure cultures could accumulate polyphosphate under both anaerobic-only and aerobic-only condition. This observation was not only never been reported on the literatures but also quite different from the well-known anaerobic/aerobic cycling phosphorus accumulation model. It was demonstrated that bioaugmentation of purple nonsulfur bacteria with high polyphosphate accumulating ability into lab-scale activated sludge system could enhance the overall efficiency of phosphorus removal. All of these results prompted an interesting research subject on the phosphorus accumulating mechanism the purple nonsulfur bacteria. In this proposal, polyphosphate accumulating phenomenon performed by the purple nonsulfur bacteria and the pathway of this polyphosphate metabolism were studied. Results of this study showed that Rhodopseudomonas palustris GN11 could accumulate polyphosphate when anaerobicly incubated, and it started accumulating polyphosphate when entering the stationary phase. Results of this study will be helpful to understand and promote to establish a polyphosphate accumulating mechanism by purple nonsulfur bacteria.
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Chen, Ming-Chu, and 陳明注. "The Study of Removing Mucous Layer on The Rat Respiratory Epithelium with Phosphate Buffer Solution." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76086910823902872998.

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碩士
國立高雄師範大學
生物科學研究所
90
The morphological change of ciliated epithelium was applied as the indicator of toxic chemicals onto the respiratory system. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）has been utilized to study the ultrastructural morphology of the respiratory tract such as the nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, principal bronchus, and lobar bronchus. The specimen surface observed under the SEM should be free of mucus or protein-rich body fluids, or other contamination. Thus, many techniques are developed to obtain better SEM specimens of the respiratory tract. The objective of this study is to develop a proper rinsing protocol for better SEM observation. Male rat respiratory tracts was taken and fixed with aldehyde in-situ and critical point dried. Many current treatment techniques were evaluated with the method developed in this study. It was found that with the repeated rinse of phosphate buffered solution followed by aldehyde fixation, the treatment will effectively eliminate the mucus coverage.
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Book chapters on the topic "Phosphate removing"

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Pfahler, V., J. Adu-Gyamfi, D. O’Connell, and F. Tamburini. "Purification Protocol." In Oxygen Isotopes of Inorganic Phosphate in Environmental Samples, 33–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97497-8_3.

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AbstractThe five stepwise purification of extracts and final precipitation of silver phosphate (A1–A5) are described. The first two steps (A1 and A2) are removing organic matter and are concentrating the phosphate in the extract by reducing the volume. Certain cations could interfere with the precipitation of silver phosphate and are removed in step A3. Silver chloride, which, if not removed, could co-precipitate with silver phosphate, is removed in step A4. The final analyte is then precipitated in step A5. The filtration steps can be quite tedious, using vacuum filtration equipment is therefore recommended. Following step A5, the silver phosphate samples need to be weighed in for the measurement with a thermal conversion elemental analyser (TC/EA) coupled to a continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS).
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Ryan, Lim Chern Howe, Tan Wei Liang Darrius, and Tay Hock Jun. "Investigating the Use of Phosphate Removing Organisms in Bioremediation." In IRC-SET 2020, 703–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9472-4_60.

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Norwood, V. M., and L. R. Tate. "Removing Heavy Metals from Phosphoric Acid and Phosphate Fluid Fertilizers." In ACS Symposium Series, 147–60. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0509.ch011.

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Korlević, Petra, and Matthias Meyer. "Pretreatment: Removing DNA Contamination from Ancient Bones and Teeth Using Sodium Hypochlorite and Phosphate." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 15–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9176-1_2.

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You, S. J., W. T. Liu, M. Onuki, T. Mino, H. Satoh, T. Matsuo, and C. F. Ouyang. "Identification of predominant microbial populations in a non-phosphate removing anaerobic aerobic bioreactor fed with fermented products." In Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment Technology, 207–15. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044450563-7/50203-1.

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Lowenstam, Heinz A., and Stephen Weiner. "Biomineralization Processes." In On Biomineralization. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195049770.003.0005.

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The large number of different minerals formed by organisms from almost 50 different phyla described in Chapter 2 should in itself discourage anyone from searching for the mechanism of biomineralization. On the other hand, the survey of macromolecules used by many organisms to control mineralization (Chapter 2), even though limited primarily to carbonate- and phosphate-bearing mineralized hard parts, shows that similar and rather unusual acidic glycoproteins and proteoglycans are widely utilized in biomineralization. This raises the possibility that many organisms may have adopted common approaches or strategies for regulating mineral formation. We do not know whether this arose as a result of divergence from a common ancestor or is a product of convergent evolution in which many different phyla independently began utilizing similar macromolecules for controlling mineralization (see Chapter 12). Either way we view the diversity in biomineralization as the product of a very broad and almost continuous spectrum of processes that organisms use to control mineralization. This ranges from no apparent control at one end to, it seems, control over every detail at the other. However, this is achieved by a fairly limited number of different basic processes used in various combinations and ways to produce a unique final product. This last statement is, we readily admit at this point in time, more an act of faith than an established fact. In this chapter we will try to identify and/or speculate about some of these basic processes. We will draw upon material from many different sources, and, in particular, we will refer whenever possible to the more detailed descriptions of mineralization processes given in the chapters that follow. As a consequence, this chapter may also be used by the reader as a guide toward more discriminating reading on selected topics in the remainder of the book. The spectrum of biomineralization processes can in principle be easily divided into cases in which control is exercised in some way over mineralization and those in which it is not. In practice the differentiation is not that simple as all organisms do exercise some control at one level or another, even if it simply involves, for example, removing from the cell some undesirable metabolic end-product or ion that combines with another ion in the external medium and precipitates.
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Conference papers on the topic "Phosphate removing"

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Barbecot, Florent, Marina Tcaci, Jean-François Helie, Ben W. J. Surridge, and Daren C. Goody. "Removing the Barriers for Measuring Phosphate Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Low P Concentration Freshwater Samples." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.129.

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Amamoto, Ippei, Naoki Mitamura, Tatsuya Tsuzuki, Yasushi Takasaki, Atsushi Shibayama, Tetsuji Yano, Masami Nakada, and Yoshihiro Okamoto. "Removal of Fission Products in the Spent Electrolyte Using Iron Phosphate Glass as a Sorbent." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40272.

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This study is carried out to make the pyroprocessing hold a competitive advantage from the viewpoint of environmental load reduction and economical improvement. As one of the measures to reduce the volume of the high-level radioactive waste (HLW), the phosphate conversion method is applied for removal of fission products (FP) from the melt, referring to the spent electrolyte in this paper. Among the removing target chlorides in the spent electrolyte i.e., alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earth elements, only the rare earth elements and lithium form the precipitates as insoluble phosphates by reaction with Li3PO4. The sand filtration method was applied to separate FP precipitates from the spent electrolyte. The iron phosphate glass (IPG) powder, which is a compatible material for the immobilization of FP, was used as a filter medium. After filtration experiment, it was proven that insoluble FP could almost be completely removed from the spent electrolyte. Subsequently, we attempted to separate the dissolved FP from the spent electrolyte. The IPG was being used once again but this time as a sorbent instead. This is possible because the IPG has some unique characteristics, e.g., changing the valence of iron, which is one of its network modifiers due to its manufacturing temperature. Therefore, it would be likely to sorb some FP when the chemical condition of IPG is unstable. We produced three kinds of IPG under different manufacturing temperature and confirmed that those glasses could sorb FP as anticipated. According to the experimental result, its sorption efficiency of metal cations was attained at around 20–40%.
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Amamoto, Ippei, Hirohide Kofuji, Munetaka Myochin, Tatsuya Tsuzuki, Yasushi Takasaki, Tetsuji Yano, and Takayuki Terai. "Separation of Lanthanoid Phosphates From the Spent Electrolyte of Pyroprocessing." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16265.

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This study is carried out to make the pyroprocessing hold a competitive advantage from the viewpoint of environmental load reduction and economical improvement. As one of the measures is to reduce the volume of the high-level radioactive waste, the phosphate conversion method is applied for removal of fission products from the melt as spent electrolyte in this paper. Though the removing target elements in the medium are alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and lanthanoid elements, only lanthanoid elements and lithium form the insoluble phosphates by reaction with Li3PO4 or K3PO4. Therefore, as the first step, the precipitation experiment was carried out to observe the behaviours of elements which form the insoluble precipitates as double salts other than simple salts. Then the filtration was experimented to remove lanthanoid precipitates in the spent electrolyte using Fe2O3-P2O5 glass system as a filtlation medium which is compatible material with the glassification. The result of separation of lanthanoid precipitates by filtration was effective and attained almost 100%.
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Nara, Matsunori, and Keiji Yoda. "Purification of Sea Pollution by a Bio-Micromachine." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79240.

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Contamination of sea water is proceeding quickly under the influence of climate changes including global warming. The cause of the expansion of seawater pollution is an elevated water temperature by the climate change and an inflow of the pollution river water. The problem of seawater pollution occurs as a result that planet’s environmental problem and regional environmental problems are combined. The effective method for removing these contaminants from sea water now is not developed. In this research, the method of producing the micromachine which fixed the photocatalyst to the surface of the substance designed so that it might float near a sea surface was built up. And experimental examination was performed about the conditions for removing the organic matter and nutritive salts in the sea using this micromachine. In addition, as a result of performing theoretical examination about a photocatalyst, the titanium dioxide was chosen as a suitable photocatalyst. In the examination about the quality of the material of a micromachine, since an organic polymer substance like styrene foam will be decomposed by the photocatalyst made to adhere to the surface, it decided to use the sphere of metal hollow. Metal took the corrosive protection performance into consideration. Moreover, the form of a metal ball was designed so that photocatalyst efficiency might become high. This metal ball can be collected and re-used after a treatment end. In order to make a photocatalyst bond to a surface of metal, baking by the water solvent method and an alcoholic solvent method was performed. Here, specific treatment conditions required in order to carry out the supported of the photocatalyst to metal certainly were clarified. A phosphate and nitrogen caused eutrophication and the damage by eutrophication is increasing them by in recent years. Then, the experiment about decomposition removal of the phosphate and nitrogen which are the causative agent which pollutes sea water was conducted. According to the evaluation experiment of the performance of a micromachine, the removal ratio of a phosphate was about 30%, and the removal ratio of nitrogen was about 60%. It was shown that the suitable amount of micro-machines per unit volume and the interval between them must be maintained here. As mentioned above, establishment of the manufacture method of a micromachine and the fundamental verification about the performance were able to be performed. However, a conclusion clear about the performance in the depth direction of a micromachine is not obtained, but it is a future subject.
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den Baars, P. Scott, John P. Kaszuba, Ted Cota, Jonathan Myers, Patrick Longmire, Betty A. Strietelmeier, and Tammy P. Taylor. "Design and Construction of Multi-Layered Permeable Reactive Barrier for Removing Radionuclides, Nitrate, and Perchlorate at Los Alamos National Laboratory." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-5002.

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Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Shaw Environmental, Inc. (Shaw) designed and constructed a multilayered permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to remove contaminants from shallow alluvial groundwater within Mortandad Canyon at LANL. This project was developed as a pilot project for LANL to conduct research and development and proof of concept and as such does not meet all identified target contaminant concentrations, but provides LANL data for future applications of the technology. Shaw worked jointly with LANL scientists in selecting the site, conducting a geotechnical and hydrogeologic investigation with contaminant characterization for waste disposal, preparing a design basis report, conducting geochemical and groundwater flow modeling, and preparing both conceptual and final detailed engineered designs. Geochemical modeling of the PRB multibarrier processes was conducted to predict influent and effluent contaminant concentrations and evaluate the potential for mineral precipitation and reduction of effective porosity in the barrier. A numerical model of groundwater flow was constructed to simulate hydrogeologic conditions in Mortandad Canyon and then used to simulate flow with the PRB in place. The Mortandad Canyon PRB is designed to remove radionuclides (americium-241, plutonium-238 and 239/240, and strontium-90), nitrate, and perchlorate from alluvial groundwater. The PRB consists of a funnel and gate constructed of sealable sheet piling driven through the alluvium and into the underlying volcanic tuff. The gate is designed as a braced cofferdam. The gate contains four sequential media cells consisting of lava rock gravel, mineral apatite (a calcium phosphate), biobarrier, and limestone gravel. The lava rock gravel will sorb colloids (sorbed with americium, plutonium, and strontium) from the alluvial groundwater. The apatite will remove soluble metals and radionuclides through sorption processes. The biobarrier serves as a host microorganisms that biodegrade nitrates and perchlorate. The limestone gravel functions to buffer the biobarrier effluent. In addition, there will also be sorption of soluble plutonium, americium, and metals within the biobarrier and limestone layer. A series of sampling ports and monitoring wells were installed within the reactive media cells. The purpose of the funnel is to direct shallow alluvial groundwater through the gate. This project was a joint effort between LANL and Shaw. The initial feasibility studies and bench scale treatability were conducted at LANL. The LANL laboratory data was used as the basis for design criteria. The hydrogeologic and geochemical modeling, engineering design, and construction were performed by Shaw with LANL guidance and input.
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6

Dye, Dan, Jeff Muhs, Byard Wood, and Ron Sims. "Design and Performance of a Photobioreactor Utilizing Spatial Light Dilution." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90191.

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A photobioreactor with an optical system that spatially dilutes solar photosynthetic active radiation has been designed, built, and tested at the Utah State University Biofuels Center. This photobioreactor could be used to produce microalgal biomass for a number of purposes, such as feedstock for an energy conversion process or high-value products such as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. In addition, the reactor could be used to perform services such as removing nitrates, phosphates, and other contaminants from waste water, as well as scrubbing toxic gases and carbon dioxide from flue gas. Preliminary tests were performed that compared growth and productivity kinetics of this reactor with that of a control reactor simulating a pond. Tests indicated higher specific growth rates and higher areal and volumetric yields compared with the control reactor. The maximum specific growth rate, volumetric yield, and areal yield were 0.21 day−1, 0.059 gm L−1 day−1, and 15 gm m−2 day−1, respectively. Over 10 days of sequential-batch operation, the prototype photobioreactor converted direct-normal solar energy to energy stored in biomass at an average efficiency of 1%. The areal productivity, as mass per aperture per time, was three times higher than that of the control reactor, indicating the photobioreactor design investigated holds promise.
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Reports on the topic "Phosphate removing"

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Lumetta, Gregg J., Jenifer C. Braley, Matthew K. Edwards, Odeta Qafoku, Andrew R. Felmy, Jennifer C. Carter, and Paul J. MacFarlan. Removing Phosphate from Hanford High-Phosphate Tank Wastes: FY 2010 Results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/992014.

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