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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phonology; Tone languages

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Academic literature on the topic 'Phonology; Tone languages'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Phonology; Tone languages"

1

Zhang, Hang. "Dissimilation in the second language acquisition of Mandarin Chinese tones." Second Language Research 32, no. 3 (June 23, 2016): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658316644293.

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This article extends Optimality Theoretic studies to the research on second language tone phonology. Specifically, this work analyses the acquisition of identical tone sequences in Mandarin Chinese by adult speakers of three non-tonal languages: English, Japanese and Korean. This study finds that the learners prefer not to use identical lexical tones on adjacent syllables, especially the contour tone sequences. It is argued that the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) was playing a role in shaping the second language Chinese tonal phonology even though it was not learned from these speakers’ native languages, nor found widely applied in the target language. The acquisition order of tone pairs suggests an interacting effect of the OCP and the Tonal Markedness Scale. This study presents a constraint-based analysis and proposes a four-stage path of OCP sub-constraint re-ranking to account for the error patterns found in the phonological experiment.

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Schuh, Russell G. "Aspects of Avatime phonology." Studies in African Linguistics 24, no. 1 (June 1, 1995): 32–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v24i1.107410.

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Avatime is one of 14 Central-Togo languages (formerly known as "Togo Remnant Languages") spoken in the Volta Region of Ghana and contiguous areas of Togo. The most striking typological feature of these languages compared to their closest Kwa relatives is the fact that they have active noun class systems. The present paper is a description of Avatime phonology, with emphasis on certain features which have been poorly described and/or are of general linguistic interest. Within the consonant system, Avatime has bilabial fricatives and a full series of labiovelar obstruents, including fricatives. Consonants with following glides are considered to be segment sequences rather than consonants with secondary articulations. The vowel system has nine vowels with [ATR] harmony. Continguous vowels undergo a variety of coalescence processes, which differ depending on morphological context and the specific vowels involved. Modem Avatime requires an analysis with four contrasting level tones. However, many instances of two of these tones (the highest level and the lower mid level) are derived through still active processes. One feature of the tone system not previously described is the presence of glottal stop following a syllable bearing non-low tone when that syllable falls at a phonological phrase boundary.

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Lee, Jackson L. "The Representation of Contour Tones in Cantonese." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 38 (September 25, 2012): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v38i0.3335.

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<p>A central question in tonal phonology is the representation of tone. One of the focal points is the representation of contour tones, especially since Goldsmith (1976) and subsequent works have analyzed contour tones in Bantu languages as sequences of level tones. Cross-linguistically, it is generally well-recognized, following Yip’s (1989) terminology, that contour tones in African languages are typically clusters, which are sequences of level tones and consist of multiple tonal root nodes, and that contour tones in Asian languages are typically tone units, which have only one tonal root node. This paper points out an important exception—Cantonese— particularly in light of Yip (2001) and Barrie (2007) on Chinese contour tones. The correct view is at least implied in earlier analyses: Cantonese tones, contour and level alike, should be represented as sequences of level tones but not unitary tone units.</p>

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Gut, Ulrike. "Nigerian English prosody." English World-Wide 26, no. 2 (June 14, 2005): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.26.2.03gut.

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Nigerian English (NigE) prosody has often been described as strikingly different from Standard English varieties such as British English (BrE) and American English. One possible source for this is the influence of the indigenous tone languages of Nigeria on NigE. This paper investigates the effects of the language contact between the structurally diverse prosodic systems of English and the three major Nigerian languages. Reading passage style and semi-spontaneous speech by speakers of NigE, BrE, Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba were analysed acoustically in terms of speech rhythm, syllable structure and tonal structure. Results show that NigE prosody combines elements of intonation / stress languages and tone languages. In terms of speech rhythm, syllable structure and syllable length, NigE groups between the Nigerian languages and BrE. NigE tonal properties are different from those of an intonation language such as BrE insofar as tones are associated with syllables and have a grammatical function. Accentuation in NigE is different from BrE in terms of both accent placement and realisation; accents in NigE are associated with high tone. A proposal for a first sketch of NigE intonational phonology is made and parallels are drawn with other New Englishes.

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So, Lydia K. H., and Barbara J. Dodd. "The acquisition of phonology by Cantonese-speaking children." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 3 (October 1995): 473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009922.

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ABSTRACTLittle is known about the acquisition of phonology by children learning Cantonese as their first language. This paper describes the phoneme repertoires and phonological error patterns used by 268 Cantonese-speaking children aged 2;0 to 6;0, as well as a longitudinal study of tone acquisition by four children aged 1;2 to 2;0. Children had mastered the contrastive use of tones and vowels by two years. While the order of acquisition of consonants was similar to that reported for English, the rate of acquisition was more rapid. The developmental error patterns used by more than 10% of children are also reported as common in other languages. However, specific rules associated with Cantonese phonology were also identified. Few phonological errors were made after age four. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the ambient language influences the implementation of universal tendencies in phonological acquisition.

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Roberts, David, and Stephen L. Walter. "Writing grammar rather than tone." Units of Language – Units of Writing 15, no. 2 (August 10, 2012): 226–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.15.2.06rob.

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Some orthographies represent tone phonemically by means of diacritics; others favor zero marking. Neither solution is entirely satisfactory. The former leads to graphic overload; the latter to a profusion of homographs; both may reduce fluency. But there is a ‘third way’: to highlight the grammar rather than the tone system itself. To test this approach, we developed two experimental strategies for Kabiye: a grammar orthography and a tone orthography. Both are modifications of the standard orthography that does not mark tone. We tested these in a quantitative experiment involving literate L1 speakers that included dictation and spontaneous writing. Writers of the grammar orthography perform faster and more accurately than writers of the tone orthography, suggesting that they have an awareness of the morphological and syntactic structure of their language that may exceed their awareness of its phonology. This suggests that languages with grammatical tone might benefit from grammatical markers in the orthography. Keywords: tone; grammar; orthography; African languages; quantitative experiment

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Jacques, Guillaume, and Alexis Michaud. "Approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded Sino-Tibetan languages." Diachronica 28, no. 4 (December 14, 2011): 468–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.28.4.02jac.

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Naxi, Na and Laze are three languages whose position within Sino-Tibetan is controversial. We propose that they are descended from a common ancestor (‘Proto-Naish’). Unlike conservative languages of the family, such as Rgyalrong and Tibetan, which have consonant clusters and final consonants, Naxi, Na and Laze share a simple syllabic structure (consonant+glide+vowel+tone) due to phonological erosion. This raises the issue of how the regular phonological correspondences between these three languages should be interpreted, and what phonological structure should be reconstructed for Proto-Naish. The regularities revealed by comparing the three languages are interpreted in light of potential cognates in conservative languages. This brings out numerous cases of phonetic conditioning of vowels by place of articulation of a preceding consonant or consonant cluster. Overall, these findings warrant a relatively optimistic conclusion concerning the feasibility of unraveling the phonological history of highly eroded language subgroups within Sino-Tibetan.

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Zwicky, Arnold M., Ellen M. Kaisse, Larry M. Hyman, Francis Katamba, and Livingstone Walusimbi. "Luganda and the strict layer hypothesis." Phonology Yearbook 4, no. 1 (May 1987): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700000786.

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The ability of a language's syntax to determine the applicationvs. non-application of postlexical phonological rules has by now been firmly established in a number of languages. Such rules, which apply above the word level, have come especially from the prosodic aspects of phonological structure, e.g. effects of syllabification, stress-accent, duration and tone. Much of the interest in this syntax-phonology interaction has centred around two general questions: (i) which specific properties of the syntax are available to affect the application of phonological rules?; (ii) how should these syntactic properties be incorporated into the phonology?

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Odden, David. "Tone in the Makonde dialects Chimaraba." Studies in African Linguistics 21, no. 1 (April 15, 1990): 62–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v21i1.107439.

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This study presents data and an analysis of tone in the Chimaraba dialects of Makonde. It is shown that, as in many Bantu languages of Southern Tanzanian, verbs in Makonde have no lexical tone properties. Verb stems all select a single H tone, which is then mapped to some stem vowel, or is deleted, depending on the tense of the verb. Theoretical issues arise in the course of the investigation. The question of adjacency constraints in phonology is raised: Meeussen's Rule in Makonde requires that the involved tones be in adjacent syllables, although they need not be on adjacent morae. We also find evidence for treating the final syllable as extratonal. Since extratonality is rarer than extrametricality in stress systems, every example of extratonality has the potential to contribute to the theory of extraprosodicity.

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Bird, Steven. "Strategies for Representing Tone in African Writing Systems." Written Language and Literacy 2, no. 1 (July 23, 1999): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.2.1.02bir.

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Tone languages provide some interesting challenges for the designers of new orthographies. One approach is to omit tone marks, just as stress is not marked in English (zero marking). Another approach is to do phonemic tone analysis, and then make heavy use of diacritic symbols to distinguish the "tonemes" (shallow marking). While orthographies based on either system have been successful, this may be thanks to our ability to manage inadequate orthographies, rather than to any intrinsic advantage which is afforded by one or the other approach. In many cases, practical experience with both kinds of orthography in sub-Saharan Africa has shown that people have not been able to attain the level of reading and writing fluency that we know to be possible for the orthographies of non-tonal languages. In some cases this can be attributed to a socio linguistic setting which does not favour vernacular literacy. In other cases, the orthography itself may be to blame. If the orthography of a tone language is difficult to use or to learn, then a good part of the reason may be that the designer either has not paid enough attention to the FUNCTION of tone in the language, or has not ensured that the information encoded in the orthography is ACCESSIBLE to the ordinary (non-linguist) user of the language. If the writing of tone is not going to continue to be a stumbling block to literacy efforts, then a fresh approach to tone orthography is required — one which assigns high priority to these two factors. This article describes the problems with orthographies that use too few or too many tone marks, and critically evaluates a wide range of creative intermediate solutions. I review the contributions made by phonology and reading theory, and provide some broad methodological principles to guide those who are seeking to represent tone in a writing system. The tone orthographies of several languages from sub-Saharan Africa are presented throughout the article, with particular emphasis on some tone languages of Cameroon.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phonology; Tone languages"

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Purnell, Thomas Clark. "Principles and parameters of phonological rules evidence from tone languages /." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 1997. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9831516.

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Zhou, Jin. "A study of speech errors in Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295974.

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Carter-Enyi, Aaron. "Contour Levels: An Abstraction of Pitch Space based on African Tone Systems." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461029477.

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Ao, Benjamin Xiaoping. "Phonetics and phonology of Nantong Chinese." Connect to this title online, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1105384417.

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Myrberg, Sara. "The Intonational Phonology of Stockholm Swedish." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38697.

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This thesis develops the phonological model for the Stockholm Swedish intonation system. Though previous research provides a general model of this system, many phonological aspects of it have remained understudied. The intonational options that are available to speakers of Stockholm Swedish are discussed, and it is argued that Stockholm Swedish provides evidence for complex branching of phonological domains. Specifically, it is argued that so called focal accents, which are referred to as (H)LH-accents in the present work, have essentially two different functions. First, they signal information structural categories such as focus. Second, they signal left edges of Intonation Phrases (IP). It is also argued that a wide range of options exist in the post-nuclear area. Six types of contours for such areas are distinguished, plus one additional rising contour when there are no post-nuclear accents. Based on these findings, I present an account of the branching options for the phonological categories in the Stockholm Swedish prosodic hierarchy. I argue that there is evidence for recursive phonological structures in Stockholm Swedish, i.e. that a mother node and a daughter node can belong to the same phonological category. Also, Stockholm Swedish provides evidence for a distinction between prosodic coordination (equal sister nodes) and prosodic adjunction (unequal sister nodes). Prosodic structure is mapped onto syntactic structure via a set of variably ranked Optimality Theoretic constraints. The relation between phonological and syntactic structure shows that the phonology prefers prosodic coordination (equal sisters) over adjunction (unequal sisters). The material for the study comprises a corpus of approximately 420 read sentences, which were specifically designed to test various phonological hypotheses, and approximately 17 minutes of uncontrolled speech.

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Kortum, Richard D. "Varieties of Tone: Frege, Dummett and the Shades of Meaning." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://amzn.com/1349442593.

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In clear and lively prose that avoids jargon, the author carefully and systematically examines the many kinds of subtly nuanced words or word-pairs of everyday discourse such as 'and'-'but', 'before'-'ere', 'Chinese'-'Chink', and 'sweat'-'perspiration', that have proven resistant to truth-conditional explanations of meaning.
https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1108/thumbnail.jpg

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Xu, Lei. "Phonological variation and word recognition in continuous speech." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1190048116.

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Kwok, Chui-ling Irene, and 郭翠玲. "Electropalatographic investigation of normal Cantonese speech: a qualitative and quantitative analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38626135.

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Leitch, Myles Francis. "Vowel harmonies of the Congo Basin : an optimality theory analysis of variation in the Bantu zone C." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6658.

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A central claim of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993, McCarthy and Prince 1993a) is that phonological variation can be modeled through the variable ranking of universal constraints. In this thesis, I test this claim by examining variation in the tongue root vowel harmony system in a number of closely related yet distinct Bantu languages of Congo and Zaire. The twenty-odd languages are drawn from each of Guthrie 1967's eight Bantu C. subgroups and are shown to vary along a number of dimensions. One is morphological, related to whether or not the harmonic element in the lexical root extends to prefixes and suffixes. This variation is shown to follow from the variable ranking of constraints that seek to ALIGN the harmonic feature, [retracted tongue root] ([rtr]) with the edges of the morphological domains STEM and WORD. A second parameter of variation concerns the relationship between high vowels and [rtr]. A third dimension involves the interaction of [rtr] with the low vowel [a] under harmony. Here, three patterns involving (i) low vowel assimilation, (ii) low vowel opacity, or (iii) low vowel transparency under harmony are shown to follow from the variable ranking of a few constraints. A significant theme that emereges in the study is recognizing and characterizing the distinct morphological and phonological domain edges involved in vowel harmony. An important contribution of this study is in bringing to light a language family where phonological tongue height, in this case expressed by the feature [low], is shown to be incompatible with tongue root retraction, as expressed in the feature [rtr]. Although the gestures of tongue body lowering and tongue root retraction are sympathetic in the articulatory dimension and in their acoustic effect, they are seen to be phonologically hostile, in fact, because of the redundancy relation between them. This redundancy-based phonological incompatibility is implemented via licensing-failure: [low] fails to "license" [rtr] because lowness implies retraction (Ito, Mester and Padgett 1994).

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Schwanhäuβer, Barbara, University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, and MARCS Auditory Laboratories. "Lexical tone perception and production : the role of language and musical background." 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/31791.

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This thesis is concerned with the perception and production of lexical tone. In the first experiment, categorical perception of asymmetric synthetic tone continua was examined in speakers of tonal (Thai, Mandarin, and Vietnamese) and non-tonal (Australian English) languages. It was observed that perceptual strategies for categorisation depend on language background. Specifically, Mandarin and Vietnamese listeners tended to use the central tone to divide the continuum, whereas Thai and Australian English listeners used a flat no-contour tone as a perceptual anchor; a split based not on tonal vs. non-tonal language background, but rather on the specific language. In the second experiment, tonal (Thai) and non-tonal (Australian English) language speaking musicians and non-musicians were tested on categorical perception of two differently shaped synthetic tone continua. Results showed that, independently of language background, musicians learn to identify tones more quickly, show steeper identification functions, and display higher discrimination accuracy than non-musicians. Experiment three concerns the influence of language aptitude, musical aptitude, musical memory, and musical training on Australian English speakers‟ perception and production of non-native (Thai) tones, consonants, and vowels. The results showed that musicians were better than non-musicians at perceiving and producing tones and consonants; a ceiling effect was observed for vowel perception. Musical training per se did not determine acquisition of novel speech sounds, rather, musicians‟ higher accuracy was explained by a combination of inherent abilities - language and musical aptitude for consonants, and musical aptitude and musical memory for tones. It is concluded that tone perception is language dependent and strongly influenced by musical expertise - musical aptitude and musical memory, not musical training as such.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Books on the topic "Phonology; Tone languages"

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Tone in lexical phonology. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1986.

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Devonish, Hubert. Talking in tones: A study of tone in Afro-European Creole languages. Christ Church, Barbados: Caribbean Academic Publications, 1989.

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Tibeto-Burman tonology: A comparative account. Amsterdam: J.Benjamins Pub. Co., 1987.

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Dai yu de sheng diao ge ju he yuan yin ge ju. Chengdu Shi: Sichuan da xue chu ban she, 2007.

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Shi san shi ji Dai Tai yu yan de yu yin xi tong yan jiu. Beijing Shi: Min zu chu ban she, 2007.

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Dybo, V. A. Morfonologizovannye paradigmaticheskie akt︠s︡entnye sistemy: Tipologii︠a︡ i genezis. Moskva: I︠A︡zyki russkoĭ kulʹtury, 2000.

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Der perfekte Ton: Zur Dreidimensionalität afrikanischer Sprachen. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2008.

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Creissels, Denis. Aperçu sur les structures phonologiques des langues négro-africaines. Grenoble: Editions littéraires et linguistiques de l'Université Stendhal--Grenoble 3, 1989.

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Creissels, Denis. Aperçu sur les structures phonologiques des langues négro-africaines. 2nd ed. Grenoble: ELLUG, Université Stendhal, 1994.

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Yip, Moira Jean Winsland. The tonal phonology of Chinese. New York: Garland Pub., 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Phonology; Tone languages"

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Makasso, Emmanuel-Moselly, Fatima Hamlaoui, and Seunghun J. Lee. "Aspects of the intonational phonology of Bàsàá." In Intonation in African Tone Languages, edited by Laura J. Downing and Annie Rialland, 167–94. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110503524-006.

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"Amazonia and the Typology of Tone Systems." In The Phonetics and Phonology of Laryngeal Features in Native American Languages, 235–57. BRILL, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004303218_010.

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"Consonant-Tone Interactions: A Phonetic Study of Four Indigenous Languages of the Americas." In The Phonetics and Phonology of Laryngeal Features in Native American Languages, 129–56. BRILL, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004303218_006.

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Yip, M. "Tone: Phonology." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, 761–64. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/00054-7.

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"Pitch in Language II: Tone." In The Phonology of Tone and Intonation, 26–48. Cambridge University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511616983.004.

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"Intonation and Language." In The Phonology of Tone and Intonation, 49–70. Cambridge University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511616983.005.

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"Pitch in Language I: Stress and Intonation." In The Phonology of Tone and Intonation, 12–25. Cambridge University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511616983.003.

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Zhang, Jie. "The role of contrast-specific and language-specific phonetics in contour tone distribution." In Phonetically Based Phonology, 157–90. Cambridge University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511486401.006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phonology; Tone languages"

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Vong, Meng. "Southeast Asia: Linguistic Perspectives." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.10-2.

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Southeast Asia (SEA) is not only rich in multicultural areas but also rich in multilingual nations with the population of more than 624 million and more than 1,253 languages (Ethnologue 2015). With the cultural uniqueness of each country, this region also accords each national languages with language planning and political management. This strategy brings a challenges to SEA and can lead to conflicts among other ethnic groups, largely owing to leadership. The ethnic conflicts of SEA bring controversy between governments and minorities, such as the ethnic conflict in Aceh, Indonesia, the Muslim population of the south Thailand, and the Bangsa Moro of Mindanao, of the Philippines. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the linguistic perspectives of SEA. This research examines two main problems. First, this paper investigates the linguistic area which refers to a geographical area in which genetically unrelated languages have come to share many linguistic features as a result of long mutual influence. The SEA has been called a linguistic area because languages share many features in common such as lexical tone, classifiers, serial verbs, verb-final items, prepositions, and noun-adjective order. SEA consists of five language families such as Austronesian, Mon-Khmer, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and Hmong-Mien. Second, this paper also examines why each nation of SEA takes one language to become the national language of the nation. The National language plays an important role in the educational system because some nations take the same languages as a national language—the Malay language in the case of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The research method of this paper is to apply comparative method to find out the linguistic features of the languages of SEA in terms of phonology, morphology, and grammar.

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