Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phonetic transcription'

This thesis presents an intelligent system for tutoring phonetic transcription in introductory linguistics courses. It compares and contrasts this system with previous intelligent tutoring systems and presents an implementation of the present system. The problems and solutions encountered in implementing the system are described.Among the contributions and innovations are the fact that this system guides the student through several attempts at transcribing a word with increasingly specific feedback, and the fact that the system is organized in such a way that an instructor can add, modify or delete data at any time with no assistance required from a programmer.A significant contribution of this system lies in the fact that although there is only one correct answer for any given item to be transcribed, the possibilities for the student's responses and hence for incorrect answers must be open-ended. The student's answer will be a string that may not have the same length as the correct answer, may contain few or none of the same symbols as the correct answer, and those that it does contain may be in a different order. The student's answer is intended to correspond to the correct answer, but is known not to be an exact match. Arbitrary strings representing the student's answers must thus be matched up with the pattern of the correct answer in such a way that the system can give the student meaningful comments that will aid the student in identifying errors. The usual pattern recognition program is designed to identify instances where a match succeeds. This tutor must identify instances where the match fails as well as how it fails.
Department of Computer Science

This dissertation focuses on the contributions of Phonetics in the teaching and learning processes of languages pronunciation in Singing. For that, it investigates a teaching proposal based on this discipline of Linguistics, the Phonetics, with emphasis on articulation and representation of speech sounds - the Articulatory Phonetics and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in practice, the phonetic transcription. It is based on the literature on Phonetics and Phonology, in the Linguistics area, on the Teaching of Languages, in the Applied Linguistics, and on the Diction for Singers, in the Arts - specifically, the field of Music, singing. Based on the diagnosis made on the subject of Diction in technical and undergraduate courses of Singing in institutions in the triangle region of Minas Gerais, it reflects and suggests changes on didactic and pedagogical aspects, related to the training of singers and singing teachers. It intends to contribute with theoretical reflections, teaching materials and methodological approaches for the teaching of pronunciation of the major languages in the classical repertoire performed in Brazil.
Esta dissertação centra-se nas contribuições da Fonética no processo ensino e aprendizagem da pronúncia de línguas no Canto. Para isto, investiga uma proposta de ensino elaborada com base nesta disciplina da Linguística, a Fonética, com ênfase na articulação e representação dos sons da fala a Fonética Articulatória e o Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (AFI) em sua prática, a transcrição fonética. Fundamenta-se em literaturas sobre Fonética e Fonologia, da área de Linguística, sobre o Ensino de Línguas, da Linguística Aplicada e, sobre Dicção para Cantores, das Artes especificamente, da subárea Música, o instrumento Canto. Com base no diagnóstico da disciplina Dicção em cursos técnicos e graduação em Canto de algumas instituições na região do Triângulo Mineiro, reflete e sugere mudanças de aspectos didáticos e pedagógicos, em função da formação de cantores professores de Canto. Pretende contribuir com reflexões teóricas, material didático e abordagens para o ensino da pronúncia das principais línguas do repertório erudito praticado no Brasil.
Mestre em Artes

This thesis discusses theoretical analysis of the origin of speech, introduces applications of speech technologies and explains the contemporary approach to phonetical transcription of speech recordings. Furthermore, it describes the metrics of audio recordings quality assessment, which is split into two discrete classes. The first one groups signal quality metrics, while the other one groups content richness metrics. The first goal of the practical section is to create a statistical model for accuracy prediction of machine transcription of speech recordings based on a measurement of their quality. The second goal is to evaluate which partial metrics are the most essential for accuracy prediction of machine transcription.

This thesis deals with detection of speech disorders. One of the aims of this thesis is choosing suitable parameterization: short-time energy, zero-crossing rate, linear predictive analysis, perceptual linear predictive analysis, RASTA method, cepstral analysis and mel-frequency cepstral coefficient can be chosed for detections. Next aim is construction of detector of speech disorders based on DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) and artificial neuron network. Single detection proceeds on the base of collected tokens from chosen analysis and phonetic transcription of speech. Analyses, detector and phonetic transcription of Czech language are implemented in simulation environment of MATLAB.

The purpose of this study is to examine the use of phonemic transcription as a teaching method and its role in today’s pronunciation teaching in Finnish EFL classrooms. It enquires the experiences of using phonemic transcription as a teaching method among recent upper secondary school graduates (2010–2015) via an electronic questionnaire, which also includes small exercises to determine the level of the respondents’ transcription skills. The findings of this study suggest that phonemic transcription is used very irregularly and insufficiently to teach pronunciation.

Nous étudions dans cette thèse la construction mutualisée de systèmes de reconnaissance et de synthèse de la parole pour de nouvelles langues, avec un objectif de performance et de rapidité de développement. Le développement rapide des technologies vocales pour de nouvelles langues anime des ambitions scientifiques et est aujourd’hui considéré comme stratégique par les acteurs industriels. Cependant, le développement des langues est conduit de manière morcelée par quelques centres de recherche travaillant chacun sur un nombre réduit de langues. Or, ces technologies partagent de nombreux points communs. Notre étude se concentre sur la construction et la mutualisation d'outils pour la création de lexiques, l’apprentissage de règles de phonétisation et l’exploitation de données imparfaites. Nos contributions portent sur la sélection de données pertinentes pour l’apprentissage de modèles acoustiques, le développement conjoint de phonétiseurs et de lexiques de prononciation pour la reconnaissance et la synthèse de la parole, et l’exploitation de modèles neuronaux pour la transcription phonétique à partir du texte et du signal de parole. De plus, nous présentons une approche de détection automatique des erreurs de transcriptions phonétiques dans les bases de données annotées de signal de parole. Cette étude a montré qu’il était possible de réduire de manière importante la quantité de données à annoter manuellement lors du développement de nouveaux systèmes de synthèse de la parole. Cela contribue naturellement à réduire le temps de collecte de données pour la création de nouveaux systèmes. Finalement, nous étudions un cas applicatif
We study in this thesis the joint construction of speech recognition and synthesis systems for new languages, with the goals of accuracy and quick development. The rapid development of voice technologies for new languages is driving scientific ambitions and is now considered strategic by industial players. However, language development research is led by a few research centers, each working on a limited number of languages. However, these technologies share many common points.Our study focuses on building and sharing tools between systems for creating lexicons, learning phonetic rules and taking advantage of imperfect data. Our contributions focus on the selection of relevant data for learning acoustic models, the joint development of phonetizers and pronunciation lexicons for speech recognition and synthesis, and the use of neural models for phonetic transcription from text and speech signal. In addition, we present an approach for automatic detection of phonetic transcript errors in annotated speech signal databases. This study has shown that it is possible to significantly reduce the quantity of data annotation useful for the development of new text-to-speech systems. It naturally helps to reduce data collection time in the process of new systems creation.Finally, we study an application case by jointly building a system for recognizing and synthesizing speech for a new language

Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
The African Speech Technology (AST) project ran from 2000 to 2004 and involved collecting speech data for five South African languages, transcribing the data and building automatic speech recognition systems in these languages. The work described here form part of this project and involved implementing methods for automatic boundary placement in manually labelled files and for determining errors made by transcribers during the labelling process.

Les transcriptions des strophes des chants flamencos soulèvent des problèmes liés à leurs spécificités linguistiques et à leur portée symbolique. Cette thèse propose d’étudier les représentations phonologiques sous-jacentes aux graphies des premiers recueils consacrés à ce type de chants, publiés en Espagne entre la fin du XIXe et le début du XXe siècle. Ces graphies extra-normatives sont envisagées selon trois perspectives différentes et complémentaires : métalinguistique, historico-culturelle et historico-épistémologique.Les systèmes de transcription étudiés supposent des phonologies, donc des discours sur la langue, qui se rattachent aux diverses représentations culturelles sur le « peuple andalou » véhiculées dans ces mêmes ouvrages. Celles-ci sont analysées dans le contexte mouvementé de réorganisation politique et sociale – et de quête identitaire et symbolique – qui avait lieu en Espagne et dans ses régions à l’époque en question. On étudie donc le rôle qu’ont joué les folkloristes espagnols dans la recherche des particularités andalouses.L’élaboration de ces systèmes de transcription s’est faite dans un cadre scientifique caractérisé par l’institutionnalisation des études folkloriques, en Espagne comme ailleurs en Europe, et par l’émergence de nouveaux savoirs en linguistique. Linguistes européens et folkloristes espagnols échangeaient idées et matériaux, non sans engendrer des erreurs d’interprétation qui ont perduré pendant plusieurs décennies.De la sorte, les représentations linguistiques sous-jacentes acquièrent le statut de prototypies, participant à des constructions culturelles et légitimées par leur rattachement à un réseau scientifique international et interdisciplinaire
The transcription of flamenco songs raise various issues connected to their linguistic features and their symbolic value. This thesis addresses the phonological representations underlying the written forms found in the first collections, published in Spain between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. We approach these non-orthographical spellings from three different and complementary perspectives: a metalinguistic one, a cultural-historical one, and an epistemological-historical one.They imply phonological descriptions of the language of flamenco songs that are linked to different cultural representations about the “Andalusian people” conveyed by the authors themselves. These cultural representations are studied in the tumultuous context of the social and political reorganization and the symbolic and identity-related search that took place in Spain both at a national and at regional or local level at that time. Thus, this work focuses on the role played by the Spanish folklorists in the search for Andalusian peculiarities.The establishment of these transcription systems emanated from a scientific framework featuring the institutionalization of folk-studies in Spain and Europe, and the rise of new knowledge areas in linguistics. European linguists and Spanish folklorists shared ideas and materials, a process that led to some misunderstandings that were perpetrated through the following decades.In this way, the underlying linguistic representations acquire the status of prototypes, that participate to cultural constructions and that are legitimated by their connection to an international and interdisciplinary scientific network
Las transcripciones de las letras de los cantes flamencos plantean problemas vinculados a sus particularidades lingüísticas y a su valor simbólico. Esta tesis se propone estudiar las representaciones fonológicas subyacentes a las grafías de las primeras colecciones de este tipo de cantos, publicadas en España entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. Se contemplan estas grafías extra-normativas bajo tres perspectivas diferentes y complementarias: la metalingüística, la histórico-cultural y la histórico-epistemológica.Estas transcripciones suponen fonologías, esto es, discursos sobre la lengua que están relacionados con las diferentes representaciones culturales sobre el “pueblo andaluz” concebidas en las mismas obras. Éstas son examinadas en el marco tumultuoso de la reorganización política y social y de la búsqueda identitaria y simbólica que se registra en España y sus regiones en la época mencionada. Por lo tanto, se estudia el papel que desempeñaron los folkloristas españoles en la búsqueda de las especificidades andaluzas.La elaboración de estos sistemas de transcripción se hizo en un marco científico caracterizado por la institucionalización de los estudios folklóricos, tanto en España como en el resto de Europa, y por la aparición de nuevas áreas de conocimiento en lingüística. Lingüistas europeos y folkloristas españoles se intercambiaban ideas y materiales, generando a veces errores de interpretación que persistieron durante varias décadas.De este modo, dichas representaciones lingüísticas adquieren la condición de prototipos que participan a las construcciones culturales y son legitimados por su vínculo a un marco científico internacional e interdisciplinar

Background: Ultrasound Tongue Imaging (UTI) is growing increasingly popular for assessing and treating Speech Sound Disorders (SSDs) and has more recently been used to qualitatively investigate compensatory articulations in speakers with cleft palate (CP). However, its therapeutic application for speakers with CP remains to be tested. A different set of developments, Visual Articulatory Models (VAMs), provide an offline dynamic model with context for lingual patterns. However, unlike UTI, they do not provide real-time biofeedback. Commercially available VAMs, such as Speech Trainer 3D, are available on iDevices, yet their clinical application remains to be tested. Aims: This thesis aims to test the diagnostic use of ultrasound, and investigate the effectiveness of both UTI and VAMs for the treatment of SSDs associated with submucous cleft palate (SMCP). Method: Using a single-subject multiple baseline design, two males with repaired SMCP, Andrew (aged 9;2) and Craig (aged 6;2), received six assessment sessions and two blocks of therapy, following a motor-based therapy approach, using VAMs and UTI. Three methods were used to measure therapy outcomes. Firstly, percent target consonant correct scores, derived from phonetic transcriptions provide outcomes comparable to those used in typical practice. Secondly, a multiplephonetically trained listener perceptual evaluation, using a two-alternative multiple forced choice design, to measure listener agreement provides a more objective measure. Thirdly, articulatory analysis, using qualitative and quantitative measures provides an additional perspective able to reveal covert errors. Results and Conclusions: There was overall improvement in the speech for both speakers, with a greater rate of change in therapy block one (VAMs) and listener agreement in the perceptual evaluation. Articulatory analysis supplemented phonetic transcriptions and detected covert articulations and covert contrast as well as supporting the improvements in auditory outcome scores. Both VAMs and UTI show promise as a clinical tool for the treatment of SSDs associated with CP.

William Clarke (1976) and Nathan Greenberg (1980) offer an objective framework for the study of alliteration in Latin poetry. However, their definition of alliteration as word initial sound repetition in a verse is inconsistent with the syllabic nature both of the device itself and also of the metrical structure. The present study reconciles this disparity in the first half of the Aeneid by applying a similar method to syllable initial sound repetition. A chi-square test for goodness-of-fit reveals that the distributions of the voiceless obstruents [p], [t], [k], [k^w], [f], and [s] and the sonorants [m], [n], [l], and [r] differ significantly from a Poisson model. These sounds generally occur twice per verse more often than expected, and three or more times per verse less often than expected. This finding is largely consistent with existing observations about Vergil's style (e.g. Clarke, 1976; Greenberg, 1980; Wilkinson, 1963). The regular association of phonetic features with differences in distribution suggests phonetic motivation for the practice.

A homework set for learning the International Phonetic Alphabet. Both reading and writing the IPA are used. Note that these .doc files use the old SILDoulos IPA93 font. The set includes the problem set and answer key.
This collection consists of learning objects developed for use in courses offered by the Department of Linguistics. Learning objects include lectures, presentations, quizzes, activities, and more. Access to this collection is restricted to authorized faculty and instructors. For access to this collection, please contact Dr. Amy Fountain, Department of Linguistics, avf@email.arizona.edu.

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊工程學系研究所
100
In this paper, we investigate a highly efficient input method in Chinese. In the traditional Mandarin phonetic input method, users have to input the complete Mandarin phonetic symbol. The proposed new Chinese input method is which transforms the first Mandarin phonetic symbol sequence to character sequence. Users only have to input the first Mandarin phonetic symbol. Users input first Mandarin phonetic symbol and follow the input rule that spaces are inserted between the words. The system outputs the candidate character sequence hypotheses. Bigram model is used to describe the relation between words. We use the dynamic programing for decoding. We estimate the feasibility for our new Chinese input method and estimate the Stanford segmenter. In the experiment, we estimate the Standford Segmenter works on the simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese firstly. We observe that the precision and recall on the simplified Chinese are 84.52% and 85.20% which is better than works on the Traditional Chinese 68.43% and 63.43%. And we estimate system efficiency based on language model that trained by WIKI corpus and ASBC corpus separately. The sentence and word accuracy for the ASBC corpus are 39.8% and 70.3%. And the word and character accuracy for WIKI corpus are 20.3% and 53.3%. Finally we estimate the number of candidate hypotheses. The research shows the 10 hypotheses and 20 hypotheses the sentence accuracy are closed.

碩士
長庚大學
資訊工程學系
99
Collection of Taiwanese speech corpus with phonetic transcrip-tion suffers from the problems of pronunciation variation and the mismatch between speech and corresponding phonetic transcription. In this paper, we propose a procedure to verify the correctness of the collected speech corpus. The procedure is based on speech recognition using Hidden Markov Model Toolkit (HTK). By further augmenting the text with read speech, and using a sausage searching net constructed from the multiple pronun¬ci¬ations of the text corresponding to its speech utterance, we are able to reduce the effort for phonetic transcription to some extent. Experiments are conducted using a Taiwanese speech and text corpus, and the accuracy of this procedure can achieve about 90% at best.

This thesis deals with phonetic transcription in lower-secondary school English classes. The theoretical part concerns the relationship between pronunciation and transcription. It also outlines the present situation from the point of view both, the teacher and learner, and examines transcriptional systems in lower-secondary textbooks. The practical part is aimed to the analysis of learner?s skills to take down familiar and unknown words with phonetic transcription and read it afterwards. The presented recommendations and the methodical manual with types of exercises, which would help to improve the learner?s pronunciation quality by using phonetic transcription, are based on the found connections.