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Journal articles on the topic 'Phonemes'
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1
SAIEGH-HADDAD, ELINOR. "Linguistic constraints on children's ability to isolate phonemes in Arabic." Applied Psycholinguistics 28, no. 4 (September 28, 2007): 607–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716407070336.
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The study tested the effect of three factors on Arab children's (N=256) phoneme isolation: phoneme's linguistic affiliation (standard phonemes vs. spoken phonemes), phoneme position (initial vs. final), and linguistic context (singleton vs. cluster). Two groups of children speaking two different vernaculars were tested. The two vernaculars differed with respect to whether they included four critical Standard Arabic phonemes. Using a repeated-measure design, we tested children's phonemic sensitivity toward these four phonemes versus other phonemes. The results showed that the linguistic affiliation of the phoneme was reliable in explaining phoneme isolation reaffirming, hence the external validity of the linguistic affiliation constraint in explaining phoneme awareness in diglossic Arabic. The results also showed that initial phonemes and initial singleton phonemes were particularly difficult for children to isolate. These findings were discussed in light of a stipulated unique phonological and orthographic cohesion of the consonant–vowel unit in Arabic.
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Dini Mutia Havid, Iren Adina Rahmadani Tarigan, and Yani Lubis. "Student's Perspective On Learning English Phonemes." Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Bahasa 2, no. 2 (July 10, 2023): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jurribah.v2i2.1497.
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Studying phonemes is a part of phonology, so writing this article is about learning basic phonemes. Phonemes are the basic level of phonological learning because phonemes are the smallest basic units that form the elements that make up speech sounds. Therefore, in this article we will study the basic phoneme which is the smallest functional unit of language. a phoneme cannot stand alone because a phoneme has no meaning, but its role is very important because a phoneme can distinguish meaning. For example, the phonemes [l] and [r]. If we separate these two phonemes, we will definitely not understand their meaning. A phoneme has an identity basis which is called the meaning distinguishing function of the sound units of language. The method used in this article is a method that collects information through questionnaires to analyze students' understanding of phonemic learning and draw conclusions about basic phonemic learning, whether learning is important and easy to understand.
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Khitam, Achmad Khusnul. "PERILAKU FONEM DALAM BAHASA ARAB DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP MAKNA." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2015.14106.
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This research aims to study phoneme’s behaviour on Arabic words and to discover the relation between voice and its meaning. Phoneme, as the smallest contrastive linguistic unit, has a huge influence on bringing a change of meaning. The preference of certain phoneme on a word may produce certain meaning inside it. Therefore, a singel word with different phonemes produces different meaning. This research based on library research, a research proceed by gathering some facts from various books, articles, and other literatures related to the subject. This research combines semantical approach and phonological approach with analytic description method. This research finds that Arabic words use certain phoneme to express certain meaning; phonemes with heavy articulations are often used to express serious meanings, and phonemss with light articulations are often used to express trivial meanings. It is also found that phoneme articulation has many patterns, such as plosive articulation, nasal articulation, fricative articulation, trill, lateral, etc.
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Inayah, Arin, and Nur Dina. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND ARABIC PHONEMIC SYSTEM IN "JUST MISSING YOU" SONG LYRICS." Journal of English Teaching, Applied Linguistics and Literatures (JETALL) 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jetall.v4i2.10284.
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This research is a contrastive analysis of phonemic system between English and Arabic in “Just Missing You” song lyrics. The objectives of the research are finding similarities and differences of phonemes in song lyrics to help students learn to pronounce English with Arabic phonemes. This research focus on 24 consonant and 20 vowel phonemes in English and 28 consonant and 6 vowel phonemes in Arabic. The research method is descriptive contrastive with qualitative approach. The method design contrast the phoneme between English and Arabic in song lyrics based on the type of phonemes, they are articulatory phonetic for consonant and height, part of tongue, and shape of lips for vowel. The result of the research found the similarities between English and Arabic phonemic system in “Just missing you” song lyrics which consist of 18 consonant and 6 vowel phonemes. The differences between English and Arabic phonemic system in “Just Missing You” song lyrics consist of 8 consonants and one vowel.
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Li, Xinjian, Siddharth Dalmia, David Mortensen, Juncheng Li, Alan Black, and Florian Metze. "Towards Zero-Shot Learning for Automatic Phonemic Transcription." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 8261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6341.
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Automatic phonemic transcription tools are useful for low-resource language documentation. However, due to the lack of training sets, only a tiny fraction of languages have phonemic transcription tools. Fortunately, multilingual acoustic modeling provides a solution given limited audio training data. A more challenging problem is to build phonemic transcribers for languages with zero training data. The difficulty of this task is that phoneme inventories often differ between the training languages and the target language, making it infeasible to recognize unseen phonemes. In this work, we address this problem by adopting the idea of zero-shot learning. Our model is able to recognize unseen phonemes in the target language without any training data. In our model, we decompose phonemes into corresponding articulatory attributes such as vowel and consonant. Instead of predicting phonemes directly, we first predict distributions over articulatory attributes, and then compute phoneme distributions with a customized acoustic model. We evaluate our model by training it using 13 languages and testing it using 7 unseen languages. We find that it achieves 7.7% better phoneme error rate on average over a standard multilingual model.
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Munro, John. "Phoneme awareness span: A neglected dimension of phonemic awareness." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 17, no. 1 (2000): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200028042.
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AbstractThe importance of phonemic awareness knowledge in learning to be literate his wellestablished. One dimension of its acquisition, the developmental trend from an implicit awareness of rimes to an explicit awareness of phonemes, has attracted substantial interest.A second dimension, a trend in the amount of phonemic knowledge that can be manipulated, or phonemic awareness span, is examined in the present study. One hundred and sixty children from Preparatory (Prep) to Grade 3 completed five phonological tasks: rhyming, onset-rime segmentation, initial sound recognition, phoneme segmentation, and phoneme substitution. Each task involved words ranging in length from three to five phonemes. Phoneme segmentation and substitution tasks involved words with six phonemes. Over this grade range, phonemic length influenced performance for each task. The nature of the influence varied with grade level; performance for the developmentally simpler tasks was affected at the lower grade levels, whereas the more complex tasks were affected at the higher grades. These trends supported gradual differentiation of phonological knowledge into a network of phonemic units. There are implications for dyslexia subtyping, for reading disabilities diagnosis, and for instructional design.
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Setyadi, Ary. "“Pasangan Minimal” Fonem Alat “Permainan Bahasa”." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.13.3.405-417.
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The phoneme “minimal pair” data can be used as a “language games” tool, because the notion of “language games” is: the efforts made by language speakers in “playing with” language, especially words, for specific purposes/interests. Based on existing references, the problem of the “minimal pair” phoneme as a “language game” tool has never been used as a separate research object, so it is interesting to study. The data is obtained by listening and different/contrasting meaning with the method of recording/recording. The type of data is secondary, because more data is found in several references that discuss Indonesian phonology. Data analysis based on the application of phonology linguistic theory, phonemic subfields. The final results of the study found five kinds of “language gamesing” patterns, namely: 1) patterned: one vowel phoneme vs. one vowel phoneme, 2) patterned: two vowel phonemes vs. two vowel phonemes, 3) patterned: one vowel phoneme vs. one diphthong phoneme, 4) patterned: one consonant phoneme vs. one consonant phoneme, and 5) patterned: two consonant phonemes vs. two consonant phonemes.
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SAIEGH–HADDAD, ELINOR. "The impact of phonemic and lexical distance on the phonological analysis of words and pseudowords in a diglossic context." Applied Psycholinguistics 25, no. 4 (October 2004): 495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716404001249.
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The study examined the impact of the phonemic and lexical distance between Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and a spoken Arabic vernacular (SAV) on phonological analysis among kindergarten (N=24) and first grade (N=42) native Arabic-speaking children. We tested the effect of the lexical status of the word (SAV, MSA, and pseudoword), as well as the linguistic affiliation of the target phoneme (SAV vs. MSA), on initial and final phoneme isolation. Results showed that, when words were composed of SAV phonemes only, the lexical status of the word did not affect phoneme isolation. However, when MSA and pseudowords encoded both SAV and MSA phonemes, kindergarteners found MSA words significantly more difficult to analyze. Comparing children's ability to isolate SAV versus MSA phonemes revealed that all children found MSA phonemes significantly more difficult to isolate. Kindergarteners found MSA phonemes that were embedded within MSA words even more difficult to isolate. Results underscore the role of the lexical status of the stimulus word, as well as the linguistic affiliation of the target phoneme in phonological analysis in a diglossic context.
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Meigh, Kimberly M., Emily Cobun, and Yana Yunusova. "Phoneme and Stress Programming Interact During Nonword Repetition Learning." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 2219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00262.
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Purpose Lexical stress and phoneme processes converge during phonological encoding, but the nature of the convergence has been debated. Stress patterns and phonemes may be integrated automatically and rigidly, resulting in a unified representation. Alternatively, stress and phoneme may be processed interactively based on sublexical contexts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which the lexical stress and phoneme processing interact in a novel nonword learning paradigm. Method Twenty-seven adults with typical speech skills were trained to produce nonwords with specific phonemes, syllables, and stress patterns (Set 1) to an accuracy criterion. Then, participants repeated nonwords that varied from Set 1 in syllable position (Set 2), phoneme sequence (Set 3), included new phonemes (Set 4), or had new phonemes and stress patterns (Set 5). Nonword productions were perceptually analyzed, and phoneme and stress errors were counted. Results Participants' produced Set 1 nonwords with few phonemic or stress errors after training; a similar number of both types of errors were produced when comparing Sets 2 and 3. Greater phoneme and stress errors were produced on nonwords from Sets 4 and 5 compared to Sets 1–3. The highest number of phonemic errors occurred in Set 4 nonwords. There was no difference in the number of stress errors produced on nonwords in Sets 4 and 5. Conclusion The results of this study suggested that lexical stress and phoneme processing co-occurred and interacted during nonword productions. Trained stress patterns were learned during training; however, no evidence for a unified representation was observed. Negative interference was observed in nonwords with new phonemes and trained stress patterns, suggesting online phoneme processing may have dominated and interfered with the retrieval of stored metrical frames.
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Creanza, Nicole, Merritt Ruhlen, Trevor J. Pemberton, Noah A. Rosenberg, Marcus W. Feldman, and Sohini Ramachandran. "A comparison of worldwide phonemic and genetic variation in human populations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 5 (January 20, 2015): 1265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424033112.
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Worldwide patterns of genetic variation are driven by human demographic history. Here, we test whether this demographic history has left similar signatures on phonemes—sound units that distinguish meaning between words in languages—to those it has left on genes. We analyze, jointly and in parallel, phoneme inventories from 2,082 worldwide languages and microsatellite polymorphisms from 246 worldwide populations. On a global scale, both genetic distance and phonemic distance between populations are significantly correlated with geographic distance. Geographically close language pairs share significantly more phonemes than distant language pairs, whether or not the languages are closely related. The regional geographic axes of greatest phonemic differentiation correspond to axes of genetic differentiation, suggesting that there is a relationship between human dispersal and linguistic variation. However, the geographic distribution of phoneme inventory sizes does not follow the predictions of a serial founder effect during human expansion out of Africa. Furthermore, although geographically isolated populations lose genetic diversity via genetic drift, phonemes are not subject to drift in the same way: within a given geographic radius, languages that are relatively isolated exhibit more variance in number of phonemes than languages with many neighbors. This finding suggests that relatively isolated languages are more susceptible to phonemic change than languages with many neighbors. Within a language family, phoneme evolution along genetic, geographic, or cognate-based linguistic trees predicts similar ancestral phoneme states to those predicted from ancient sources. More genetic sampling could further elucidate the relative roles of vertical and horizontal transmission in phoneme evolution.
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Setyadi, Ary. "Fonem Deret Vokal dalam Bahasa Indonesia." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 14, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.14.2.169-180.
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The existence of word vowel phonemes in all languages, including in Indonesian is very dominant. All words in their internal structure must be found in phonemes. As a result of the existence of a very dominant vowel phoneme, its existence is able to form what is called a phoneme vocal sequence.The application of research theory in connection with efforts to describe vowel series phonemes is based on the linguistic theory of the phonological field of the phonemic subfield. Because the study focuses on the smallest unit of language sounds, namely phonemes. The research implementation is based on three strategic stages, namely: 1. provision of data, 2. classification and analysis of data, 3. preparation / writing of reports.The findings of the data are more secondary, so the findings of the data focus on the availability of references, so that the existence of a large Indonesian language dictionary acts as a "smart" book. The findings of primary data are relatively difficult to do.There are seven kinds of vocal phonemes, namely / a, i, u, ê, é, è, o /. The seven vowel phonemes are relatively capable of forming vowel phonemes, so that in the end a table can be made from each of the seven vowel phonemes in question.
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SAIEGH-HADDAD, ELINOR, IRIS LEVIN, NAREMAN HENDE, and MARGALIT ZIV. "The Linguistic Affiliation Constraint and phoneme recognition in diglossic Arabic." Journal of Child Language 38, no. 2 (June 24, 2010): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000909990365.
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ABSTRACTThis study tested the effect of the phoneme's linguistic affiliation (Standard Arabic versus Spoken Arabic) on phoneme recognition among five-year-old Arabic native speaking kindergarteners (N=60). Using a picture selection task of words beginning with the same phoneme, and through careful manipulation of the phonological properties of target phonemes and distractors, the study showed that children's recognition of Standard phonemes was poorer than that of Spoken phonemes. This finding was interpreted as indicating a deficiency in the phonological representations of Standard words. Next, the study tested two hypotheses regarding the specific consequences of under-specified phonological representations: phonological encoding versus phonological processing. These hypotheses were addressed through an analysis of the relative power of distractors. The findings revealed that children's difficulty in accessing Standard Arabic phonemes was due to a difficulty in the phonological encoding of Standard words. We discuss the implications of the findings for language and literacy development in diglossic Arabic.
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Amrulloh, Muhammad Afif. "Analisis Kontrastif Proses Morfofonologi Bahasa Jawa dan Bahasa Arab." Arabiyatuna : Jurnal Bahasa Arab 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jba.v2i2.556.
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Mastery of a foreign language is very important. The increasingly close relations between nations requires the availability of foreign language skills to meet communication needs. Moreover, there are often difficulties or difficulties experienced by foreign language learners with a mother tongue background who have a language system that is not the same as a foreign language system. The purpose of knowing the process morfofonemik in the Java Language and the Arabic language. Types of library research or library research, which takes a data source in the literature. This study includes the type of qualitative research. The research explained the data and then analyzed systematically. The results and findings of the study that the process of morphophonology in the Java language occur because of the appearance of phonemes, pelesapan phonemes, leaching phonemes and shifting phonemes. Whereas in Arabic occurs phonemeal dissolution, phoneme changes, the addition of phonemes and shifting phonemes. The equation of the process morfofonemik between the two languages, namely the same-the same happened phoneme dissolution, while the difference is in the Arabic language does not occur appearance and leaching phonemes as in the language of Java. Implications this study has contributed to the ease of learning in the mastery of foreign languages by learners of a foreign language, namely Arabic.
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Kjellmer, Göran. "Bonded Phonemes or How Phonemic are the Phonemes?" Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 8, no. 3 (December 2001): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/jqul.8.3.203.4099.
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Barman, Binoy. "A contrastive analysis of English and Bangla phonemics." Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics 2, no. 4 (January 18, 2011): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujl.v2i4.6898.
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Contrastive phonemics is the field of study in which different phonemic systems are laid side by side to find out similarities and dissimilarities between the phonemes of the languages concerned. Every language has its own phonemic system, which holds unique as well as common features. A language shares some phonemes with other languages, but no two languages have the same phonemic inventory. This article makes a contrastive analysis of the phonemic systems of English and Bangla. The aspects of similarities as well as dissimilarities between the two have been explored in detail. It brings into focus the inventory of phonemes of the two languages along with relevant phonetic and phonological characteristics. The vowel and consonant phonemes of the two languages have been compared with sufficient examples, making it clear where and how they are identical and different. Key words: contrastive; Bangla; English; phonemicsDOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i4.6898Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics Vol.2(4) August 2009 pp.19-42
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Tarihoran, Rezky Khoirina, Dewi Nurmala, Dardanila Dardanila, and Diana Sopha. "PEWARISAN FONEM VOKAL PROTO AUSTRONESIA KE BAHASA JAWA DAN BAHASA MINANGKABAU." Majalah Ilmiah METHODA 13, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/methoda.vol13no2.pp133-140.
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The purpose of this study is to explain the changes and inheritance of PAN vowels into Javanese (BJ) and Minangkabau (BM) languages. The approach used is the Comparative Historical Linguistics (LHK) approach. The data used is 200 swadesh vocabulary lists. The method used for data analysis is comparative historical method. The results of this study indicate that the inheritance of vowel phonemes in Javanese and Minangkabau languages occurs in linear forms and innovative forms. Linear forms in Javanese are found in vowel phonemes /*a/, /*i/, /*e/, /*ə/ and /*u/ and innovative forms in Javanese are found on the vowel phonemes /*a/, /*i/, /*u/. the changes in vocal phonemes that occur in the innovative form occur in vocal phonemes /*a/ which change into vowel phonemes /o/, /ə/, and /e/. The vowel phoneme /*i/ changes to the vowel phoneme /e/ and the vowel phoneme /*u/ changes to the vowel phoneme /o/. For vowel phoneme forms in the Minangkabau language it is also found in linear and innovative forms where in vowel phonemes the linear form is found in the vowels /*a/, /*i/ and /*u/. In the innovative form it is found in the vowel phonemes /*a/, /*ə/, /*u/ where the vocal phonemes /*a/ and the vowel phonemes /*ə/ and /*u/. The changes in vocal phonemes that occur are the vocal phoneme /*a/ which changes to the vocal phoneme /o/, the vocal phoneme /*ə/ changes to the vocal phoneme /a/, and the vocal phoneme /*u/ changes to the vocal phoneme /o/.
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Tara Arini, Yani lubis, and Rahmi Pitriyani. "Theory Of Allophones." Atmosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Budaya, dan Sosial Humaniora 1, no. 3 (June 26, 2023): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.59024/atmosfer.v1i3.217.
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The phoneme theory is a well-known phonological theory from the late 19th century (1870) which aims to find out the abstract representation of the phonemes of a given language. To find out whether a phoneme is a phoneme, a phonemic analysis rule is used that states: (1) mutually exclusive neighborhood of complementary distribution, known as the allophone of the same phoneme, (2) a phone in a minimal pair, known as the different phoneme, like /p/ and /b/,(3) a phone in an environment analogous to, like for example /Z/, (4) a phone as a free variant is not another phoneme, but a variation of a phoneme of /c/ the phonemes /č/ and /čh/ are variations of the phoneme /č/. A prosodic phoneme is recognized by a toneme and a chronoma. Daniel Jones' consonant and vowel analysis rule proved inadequate to solve all consonantrelated problems. Trubetskoy and Jacobson made a breakthrough in analyzing a phoneme by a distinguisher and a contrast. The analyzed componentsare: opposition system, bilateral and multilateral opposition system, prepositional opposition system and emotional opposition including the formation of neutralized phonemes and archiephonemes in German.
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Kennard, Holly J., and Aditi Lahiri. "Nonesuch phonemes in loanwords." Linguistics 58, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0033.
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AbstractLoanwords may or may not affect the phonological system of a language. Much of the loanword literature has focused on the adaptation of “foreign” contrasts to native systems; however, there are certain cases where languages appear to have borrowed new phonemes. We argue that loanwords alone cannot introduce a new phoneme into a language unless there are special circumstances. We examine three case studies of apparently borrowed “unusual” phonemic contrasts: Swiss German initial geminates, Bengali retroflex stops, and English voiced fricatives. In each case, we find that rather than the loanwords introducing brand-new phonemes, an existing allophonic alternation has become phonemic due to a large influx of loanwords. Thus, the phonology rather than the phonetics alone – marked or otherwise – dominates the absorption of loans.
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Williams, Daniel, Turgut Ağabeyoğlu, Adamantios Gafos, and Paola Escudero. "Acoustic Similarity Predicts Vowel Phoneme Detection in an Unfamiliar Regional Accent: Evidence from Monolinguals, Bilinguals and Second-Language Learners." Languages 9, no. 2 (February 14, 2024): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9020062.
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When encountering an unfamiliar accent, a hypothesized perceptual challenge is associating its phonetic realizations with the intended phonemic categories. Greater accumulated exposure to the language might afford richer representations of phonetic variants, thereby increasing the chance of detecting unfamiliar accent speakers’ intended phonemes. The present study examined the extent to which the detection of vowel phonemes spoken in an unfamiliar regional accent of English is facilitated or hindered depending on their acoustic similarity to vowels produced in a familiar accent. Monolinguals, experienced bilinguals and native German second-language (L2) learners completed a phoneme detection task. Based on duration and formant trajectory information, unfamiliar accent speakers’ vowels were classed as acoustically “similar” or “dissimilar” to counterpart phonemes in the familiar accent. All three participant groups were substantially less sensitive to the phonemic identities of “dissimilar” compared to “similar” vowels. Unlike monolinguals and bilinguals, L2 learners showed a response shift for “dissimilar” vowels, reflecting a cautious approach to these items. Monolinguals displayed somewhat heightened sensitivity compared to bilinguals, suggesting that greater accumulated exposure aided phoneme detection for both “similar” and “dissimilar” vowels. Overall, acoustic similarity predicted the relative success of detecting vowel phonemes in cross-dialectal speech perception across groups with varied linguistic backgrounds.
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Evans, Nicholas. "Pushing the boundaries: Marginal phonemes and dialogic interaction." Russian Journal of Linguistics 26, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 995–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-32349.
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Phonemes with restricted distribution represent an interesting analytic challenge. Well-known sources include the adoption of certain phonemes from other languages in borrowed words, emerging phonemic splits, and special phonological subsystems (e.g. ideophones). This paper aims to widen our conception of such marginal phonemes, by incorporating another source: specific vocal gestures called into play in interactional settings. Our initial puzzle involves a restricted phoneme set in the Papuan language Nen: two classes of sounds are restricted to interactive contexts, namely interjections and deictics. These sounds are the nasal vowels ã , ẽ , and the glottal fricative h . Several questions arise here. Should these restricted sounds be considered part of the phoneme system? How did they evolve? How does their presence interact with seemingly equivalent sounds in neighbouring languages, in contexts of possible loanwords? We then pass to two other languages where sounds that are unquestionably phonemes have, in at least some phonotactic positions, clear correlations with interactive uses: initial /ð/ in English, essentially restricted to words of person (thou), space (that), time (then), or discourse deixis (the, though), and glottal stops with morphemic function in Bininj Kunwok, restricted to immediate aspect[43], addressee-engaged demonstratives, and kinship vocatives. It is already known that non-phonemic speech sounds (e.g. what is written mhm in English) are used in interaction. This paper proposes that the special phonetics of interaction can integrate further into the sound system and, in such cases as those presented here, either expand the phonological system in absolute terms by adding new phonemes, or expand the phonotactic possibilities of phonemes already occurring in other phonotactic positions.
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Cercignani, Fausto. "Some notes on phonemes and allophones in synchronic and diachronic descriptions." Linguistik Online 129, no. 5 (May 22, 2024): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.129.11228.
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A review of the traditional procedures in analysing phones leads to the conclusion that in some cases it is the systemic distinctions and not the lexical context which are decisive in establishing phonemes. The phoneme should therefore be defined as the smallest phonological unit which is contrastive at a lexical level and/or distinctive at a systemic level. It is further argued that a new phone can acquire phonemic status when it becomes distinctive in the phonological system of the language irrespective of the context in which it occurs at a lexical level.
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Muliana, Muliana, Aulia Adhari, Nur Afni, Rani Indriani, and Nur Rahmi. "BENTUK PERUBAHAN FONOLOGIS DALAM BERKOMUNIKASI VIA WHATSAPP MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR." Neologia: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.59562/neologia.v3i2.36761.
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Forms of Phonological Changes in Communicating Via Whatsapp Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar Students. This study aims to describe the form of phoneme changes, addition of phonemes, and omission of phonemes for students of the Muhammadiyah University of Makassar, especially the 2017 Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program when communicating via WhatsApp. This research is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the form of phonological changes that occurred included: phoneme changes (a) vowel phoneme /ai/ to /e/. (b) the phoneme /u/ becomes /o/. Error adding phonemes (a) adding phonemes /g/.(b) addition of the phoneme /t/. (c) addition of the phoneme /h/. Phoneme omission error (a) omission of phoneme /h/. (b) omission of the vowel phoneme /a/.
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Diani, Irma, and Azwandi Azwandi. "PHONOLOGICAL CHANGE PROCESSES OF ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature) 6, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v6i1.13642.
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Phonological change is a language phenomenon that occurs because language users change the distribution of phonemes in a language. The aims of this study are to explain the phonological processes that occur in English and Indonesian and to explain the differences in phonological forms between English and Indonesian. The method used in this study is a contrasting-descriptive method by comparing two languages, namely English and Indonesian. The data were taken from the speech of students taking Indonesian and English courses at the University of Bengkulu, totaling 40 students in the first semester. The results show that five types of phonological change processes occurred in English and Indonesian, namely assimilation, metathesis, epenthesis, epithesis, and deletion. The phonological change in English often occurred when two vowel phonemes meet, such as /ea/ shift to /e/, or /i/, phoneme /y/ shift to /i/. Phoneme /e/ was pronounced when two vowel phonemes meet, such as /s/ and /n/ becomes /sen/. Phoneme /g/ is pronounced multiply when it meets the sound/ng/. Phoneme /u/ is pronounced when it meets phoneme /o/ + a consonant. Phoneme /h/ is unpronounced when it meets a vowel phoneme or more vowel phonemes in the words. Meanwhile, phonological changes in Indonesian often occurred from consonant phonemes to other consonant phonemes that have almost the same sound such as phoneme /z/ shift to /s/ and /j/. Phoneme /k/ was pronounced after phoneme /u/ and phoneme /h/ is pronounced after phoneme /a/at the end of words. Phoneme /y/ was pronounced between phonemes /i/ and /a/. Phoneme /h/ was unpronounced when it meets phonemes /a/, /i/, and /u/ in words. In conclusion, the process of phonological change that occurs in English and Indonesian is due to the influence of adjacent phoneme sounds that resemble nearby sounds.
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Gierut, Judith A., Michele L. Morrisette, Mary T. Hughes, and Susan Rowland. "Phonological Treatment Efficacy and Developmental Norms." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 27, no. 3 (July 1996): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2703.215.
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The efficacy of teaching sounds in developmental sequence as defined by age norms was evaluated in two independent investigations. Study I was a within-subject evaluation using an alternating treatments design, with three children each receiving treatment on one early-acquired and one later-acquired phoneme relative to chronological age. Study II was an across-subject evaluation involving six children in a staggered multiple baseline paradigm, whereby three subjects were each taught one early-acquired sound and three other subjects were taught one later-acquired sound relative to chronological age. Phonological change was measured on probes of sounds excluded from each child's phonemic inventory. General results indicated that: (a) quantitatively, change in treated phonemes and manner classes was equivocal following treatment of early-acquired and later-acquired phonemes; (b) qualitatively, the onset of change was immediate following treatment of later-acquired phonemes, but delayed following treatment of early-acquired phonemes; and (c) treatment of later-acquired phonemes led to system-wide changes in untreated sound classes, whereas treatment of early-acquired phonemes did not. These findings were considered relative to clinical intervention and theories of phonological acquisition.
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Baroroh, Hilma Erfiani. "ANALISIS SISTEM FONOLOGI BAHASA TOLAKI DIALEK KONAWE RAGAM BIASA." Pujangga 9, no. 2 (December 18, 2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/pujangga.v9i2.2791.
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<p><em>This study aims to analyze the phonological system of Tolaki language in Konawi dialect of ordinary variety. The research technique was conducted by collecting data through informant interviews from Konawi, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The initial data for the interview material were 200 basic Swadesh vocabularies, which later in the interview process developed into 238 vocabularies. The data was collected using note-taking and recording techniques. The results showed that the Tolaki language in the Konawe dialect has 28 letter sounds consisting of 12 vowel phonemes and 16 consonant phonemes. However, the letters are not phonemic. After going through the minimal pairing process, 9 vowel phonemes were found, namely /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/, /O/, /a:/, /i: /, and /u:/, and 15 consonant phonemes, namely /b/, /d/, /g/, /h/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /t/, /w/, /N/, and /Ɂ/. In terms of phonemes, the language lacks allophones and diphthongs (vowel clusters). In addition, the Konawe dialect of Tolaki has relatively more vowel phoneme sequences than consonant phoneme sequences. The syllable patterns formed are V, KV, KVK, KKV, and VK.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords: The phonological system, the Tolaki language, the Konawi dialect.</em></strong></p>
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Runimeirati. "FONOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF THE RONGKONG TAE DIALECT REGENCY NORTH LUWU." International Journal of Global Accounting, Management, Education, and Entrepreneurship 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48024/ijgame2.v2i1.41.
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This study aims to identify and describe qualitatively the phonological system of Tae Rongkong dialect in North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. The analysis was carried out on 200 Swades vocabularies carried out in the field. The results of the study were analyzed in four categories. The categories in question are phoneme identification, phoneme distribution, phoneme clusters and tribal patterns in the Tae Rongkong dialect. Based on phoneme identification, there were 5 (five) vowel phonemes [u], [a], [e], [O], and [o]; 9 (Nine) consonant phonemes [m], [l], [s], [r], [b], [k], [d], [t], and [n]; based on the distribution of vowel phonemes found 9 (nine) vowel phonemes [a], [i], [u], [I], [e], [e], [o], [U], and [O]; while the distribution of consonant phonemes found 15 (fifteen) consonant phonemes [b], [d], [g], [j], [k], [l], [m], [n], [ŋ], [ p], [r], [s], [t], [v], and [?]; also found 10 (ten) vocal phoneme clusters /ai/, /au/, /ae/, /ia/, /ua/, /uo/, /ei/, /oe/, /oa/, and /io/; and in the consonant phoneme group, 6 (six) consonant phonemes were found /nd/, /nt/, /mb/, /mp/, /ŋk/, /kg/, and /nd/; The tribal patterns found by researchers in the Tae Rongkong dialect consist of trisyllabic patterns with monosyllabic V, polysyllabic K.V, V.K, trisyllabic K.K.KV and four-syllabic KK.K.K.V.
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Stagray, James R., David Downs, and Ronald K. Sommers. "Contributions of the Fundamental, Resolved Harmonics, and Unresolved Harmonics in Tone-Phoneme Identification." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, no. 6 (December 1992): 1406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3506.1406.
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Researchers describe Mandarin Chinese tone phonemes by their fundamental frequency (Fo) contours. However, tone phonemes are also comprised of higher harmonics that also may cue tone phonemes. We measured identification thresholds of acoustically filtered tone phonemes and found that higher harmonics, including resolved harmonics above the Fo and unresolved harmonics, cued tone phonemes. Resolved harmonics cued tone phonemes at lower intensity levels suggesting they are more practical tone-phoneme cues in everyday speech. The clear implication is that researchers should use the Fo only as a benchmark when describing tone-phoneme contours, recognizing that higher harmonics also cue tone phonemes. These results also help explain why tone-language speakers can identify tone phonemes over a telephone that attenuates selective frequencies, and suggests that hearing-impaired tone-language speakers may still identify tone phonemes when their hearing loss attenuates selective frequencies.
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Portilla Chaves, Mario. "Fonemas segmentales en el criollo inglés de Limón." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 19, no. 2 (August 30, 2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v19i2.20219.
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En este artículo se propone un nuevo análisis fonémico de los fonemas segmentales del criollo limonense, a diferencia de otros que se han puesto anteriormente. Ofrece una descripción de los fonemas segmentales (vocales y consonantes), la distribución principal de fonemas y de sus principales elementos incluidos. This article proposes a new phonemic analysis of the segmental phonemes of Limonese creole, opposed to other that have been put forth. A description of the segmental phonemes (vowels and consonants), the main phoneme distribution of its main elements are included.
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Setyadi, Ary. "Fonem Deret Konsonan dalam Bahasa Indonesia." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 14, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.14.1.53-64.
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The existence of consonant series phonemes in Indonesian phonological learning is important, but strangely it has not received special attention, so it is interesting to be the object of study. Based on existing data, if we find a phoneme study of consonant series from several references, it turns out that the discussion is only a part / sub-section of the subject matter of the study. The application of theory is based on the linguistic theory of phonological branches, phonemic subcabang, because the study focuses on the phoneme of the consonant series itself and its ability to form consonant sequences. The implementation of the study starts at three strategic stages as in linguistic research in general, namely: 1. the stage of providing data, 2. the stage of classification and analysis of data, and 3. the stage of preparing the report. The phoneme data of consonant series is more secondary, so the existence of references is a data source. The results of the consonant phoneme data analysis almost apply to all consonant phonemes in Indonesian, including loan / absorption (foreign) phonemes. The basis for determining the consonant phoneme starts with: 1. a consonant series is a consonant series of two / or more phonemes in one word, but in different syllables; 2. consonant phoneme data departs from the kinds of vocabulary in Indonesian; and 3. that the question of syllable decapitation is based on decapitation of the word form (morphological), not on sound (phonological) elements. The types of vocabulary used as data include: 1) original Indonesian vocabulary; 2) loan / absorption vocabulary, especially from the process "received by adjustment"; and 3) the "new form" vocabulary.
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Jošt, Saša, and Andrej Stopar. "Perception of Foreign Phonemes: The Case of Slovene Students of English." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.16.1.47-76.
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The study focuses on assessing the state of foreign phoneme acquisition by foreign language (FL) students at the end of their undergraduate studies. To determine whether they prioritise vowels over consonants, a perception experiment was devised that focuses on the phonemes in Standard Slovene and General British reported as most problematic for Slovene learners of English. Thirty-three Slovene students of English were tested, along with a positive and a negative control group (CG). A set of stimuli was tested using the AX discrimination method; the participants listened to 60 phonemic contrasts, played in a pseudo-randomised order. The results foregrounded the most problematic phonemes which act as perceptual magnets. Analysis shows that the students can discriminate foreign phonemes well, and that they consistently perform better in discriminating vocalic contrasts.
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Olson, Kenneth S. "The nonexistence of the plain bilabial trill phoneme." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 5239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v7i1.5239.
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Phonetic studies of bilabial trills in phonemic systems show that they are preceded immediately by an oral stop closure, e.g., /mbʙ, bʙ, pʙ̥/. A plain bilabial trill without a preceding oral stop closure /ʙ/ is not known to occur as an individual phoneme in any language. On the contrary, plain apical /r/ and uvular /ʀ/ trill phonemes that lack a preceding oral stop closure occur in many languages. The nonexistence of /ʙ/ is likely due to the fact that it does not meet the specific aerodynamic conditions necessary for its production (Maddieson 1989). In this paper, I examine a crosslinguistic sample of consonant inventories containing both bilabial and apical trills. I find that these inventories show an implicational tendency: For each phoneme containing a bilabial trill, there is usually a corresponding phoneme containing an apical trill that shares the same values for voicing and prenasalization. These phonemes always include an oral stop closure preceding the trill, and they pattern as obstruents. In addition, these consonant inventories usually include a plain apical trill phoneme (which patterns as a sonorant), but lack a plain bilabial trill phoneme. The most common such inventory (e.g., found extensively in Austronesian) includes three trills /mbʙ, ndr, r/, while larger inventories are found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan, e.g., Mangbetu /pʙ̥, bʙ, mbʙ, tr̥, dr, ndr, r/. While a plain bilabial trill does not emerge due to aerodynamic constraints, resulting in a gap in the system, symmetry appears to favor the emergence of bilabial stop-trill phonemes in languages that have corresponding apical stop-trill phonemes.
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Galieva, Alfiya. "Распределение фонем в татарском тексте: опыт квантитативного исследования." Ural-Altaic Studies 46, no. 3 (2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-46-3-30-42.
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Along with the qualitative description of phonemes which is presented in Tatar grammars, their quantitative description is often required. Such a research should be performed on a sufficient volume of text data which would contain lexical items in their natural surroundings and reflect basic regularities of the language system. This paper analyzes the distribution of phonemes and phoneme combinations in the story by Amirkhan Yeniki “Äytelmägän vasɪyät” (“The unspoken testament”). The research material was the text converted to a phonologically relevant form. The absolute and relative frequencies (using the quantiles of the standard normal distribution) are provided for each of the 34 phonemes distinguished in the text. The approach to data normalization (z-statistics) is based on information about both the number of phonemes depending on their position (wordinitial, wordfinal or wordmedial), and the total number of occurrences of each phoneme in the text; this allows us to retain information about positional features of low frequency phonemes and to find individual tendencies for each cell in the contingency table. The deviation of the z-statistics from the quantiles of the standard normal distribution (-1.96, 1.96) indicates the character of phoneme sequences in the language. It is shown that for the absolute majority of Tatar phonemes, the z-statistics are far beyond the interval (-1.96, 1.96), with the exception of borrowed phonemes |ц| and |щ|, as well as the low-frequency phoneme |ж|, which indicates the random nature of the distribution of these phonemes in Tatar. The syntagmatic component of the phonological system, just like the inventory of phonemes, is unique for each language, so without such study the phonological description would be incomplete. That is why a special section examines Tatar phoneme sequences using the example of two and three phoneme combinations. Since there is often a gap in grammar books between the descriptions of the phonological and morphological levels, quantitative information on phonemes is complemented with grammatical interpretation; in particular, the author shows that high frequency combinations of phonemes are associated with affixes and stems, which is determined by the agglutinative structure of the Tatar language.
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Rokhman, Miftakh Farid, Alies Poetri Lintangsari, and Widya Caterine Perdhani. "EFL learners’ phonemic awareness: A correlation between English phoneme identification skill toward word processing." JEES (Journal of English Educators Society) 5, no. 2 (September 12, 2020): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jees.v5i2.467.
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This research aims to find out the correlation between English phoneme identification skills and word processing. It applies the quantitative approach with correlation design. The participants are 100 of 3rd- semester students in English Language Education Program. The correlational result reveals that it has correlation with .382 degrees in phoneme identification skill toward blending skill with the significance level .000, and .359 degrees in phoneme identification skill toward segmentation skill with the significance level .000. Then, the correlation result of English phoneme identification skill toward word processing is .462 degree with its significance .000. By the result, awareness to identify phoneme by initial, medial, and final sound correlates to the blending and segmenting skills which influence the comprehension of word. The more the students are able to identify phoneme based on its sound, the more the students will be able to blend and segment phoneme. Lastly, the ability to identify English phonemes is proven to be a skill that supports EFL learners on their productive and receptive skills. Then being able to identify its phonemes will assist on recognizing and processing English words appropriately so that English language teaching can be associated with the use of phoneme-based instruction on its teaching process.
Highlights :
Ability to identify English phonemes is proven to be a skill that supports EFL learners on their English productive and receptive skills.
English phoneme identification skill contributes to blending and segmentation skill since phonemic awareness provides both decoding and encoding skill.
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Usman, Usman, Johar Amir, and Nur Asia. "Phonological system of dentong dialect." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5n1.1108.
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This study examines the phonological system of the Dentong dialect in Cenrana District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. The results of research on the phonological system, it is found: (1) the vowel phoneme of the Dentong dialect is the same as the vowel phoneme in Bugis, namely /i/, /e/, /?/, /a/, /u/, and /o/ and the consonant phonemes, namely /b/, /c/, /d/, /g/, /h/, /j/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /t/, and /? /, nevertheless the phonemes /w/ and /y/ are not found; (2) The consonant sequences are /?k/, /nd/, /mb/, /?g/, /nj/, /nr/, and /??/; (3) Geminations of consonants in the form of phonemes are /kk/, /ll/, /mm/, /nn/, /pp/, /rr/, and /ss/; (4) sound variations, namely apheresis of eliminating phonemes /m/ at the beginning of a word, syncope of eliminating phonemes /ma/ in the middle of a word, epenthesis of inserting phonemes /h/ in the middle of words, prosthesis of adding phonemes /b/ at the beginning of words, and paragog of adding phoneme /?/ at the end of a word; and (5) the symptom of sound found accompanying articulation, namely labialization in the form of sound /w/ labia-dental consonant and palatalization in the form a/y sound.
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Hadi, Nikolaus Rendi Prasetya, and Sintaria Kusumaningrum. "KORESPONDENSI FONEMIS BAHASA OGAN DAN BAHASA BANGKA." Jurnal CULTURE (Culture, Language, and Literature Review) 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.53873/culture.v7i2.222.
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The objects of this research are Organese and Bangkanese language. The objectives of this research are to describe phonemic correspondence of Organese and Bangkanese language, and to compare the phonemic correspondence formula of both languages. The data of this research are phonemes from both languages which was gathered using dictionary study method with taking-note technique. The phoneme data searched were phonemes in which they have correspondence value. There are several findings in this research, they are: (1) proto-phoneme */u/ retained in Bangkanese, while in Organese is reflected as phoneme /o/. The reflection occurs in closed-ultima positions, if followed by bilabial plosive-stop /m/, nasal dorso-velar /ŋ/, glottal slide /h/. dorso-velar plosive-stop /k/, and apicodental plosive stop /t/; (2) proto-phoneme */a/ retained in Organese, while in Bangkanese is reflected as /Ə/. The reflection occurs in closed-ultima positions, if followed by bilabial plosive-stop /p/, glottal slide /h/, apico-lateral /r/, nasal dorso-velar /ŋ/, bilabial plosive-stop /m/, apicodental plosive-stop /t/, lateral /l/, nasal apico-alveolar /n/, and glottal plosive-stop /Ɂ/; and (3) proto-phoneme */h/ retained in Bangkanese, while in Organese is either reflected as /ø/ or being eliminated. The particular reflection occurs in penultima positions, if followed by vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/.
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SASISEKARAN, JAYANTHI, and CHRISTINE WEBER-FOX. "Cross-sectional study of phoneme and rhyme monitoring abilities in children between 7 and 13 years." Applied Psycholinguistics 33, no. 2 (June 8, 2011): 253–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716411000348.
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ABSTRACTWe investigated phonemic competence in production in three age groups of children (7 and 8, 10 and 11, 12 and 13 years) using rhyme and phoneme monitoring. Participants were required to name target pictures silently while monitoring covert speech for the presence or absence of a rhyme or phoneme match. Performance in the verbal tasks was compared to a nonverbal control task in which participants monitored tone sequence pairs for a pattern match. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the three age groups in phoneme monitoring, whereas similar differences were limited to the younger age groups in rhyme monitoring. This finding supported early and ongoing acquisition of rhyme- and later acquisition of segment-level units. In addition, the 7- and 8-year-olds were significantly slower in monitoring phonemes within consonant clusters compared to the 10- and 11-year-olds and in monitoring both singleton phonemes and phonemes within clusters compared to the 12- and 13-year-olds. Regression analysis revealed that age accounted for approximately 30% variance in the nonverbal and 60% variance in the verbal monitoring tasks. We attribute the observed differences to the emergence of cognitive processes such as segmentation skills that are critical to performing the verbal monitoring tasks.
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Subota, S. V. "Phonemic structure of the root morpheme in the Gothic language (a complex quantitative analysis of lexicographic sources)." MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 26, no. 1 (August 31, 2023): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.1.2023.286210.
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The article deals with the problems of the phonemic structure of the root morpheme in Gothic. Using a systematic sampling procedure, the words from a Gothic dictionary were selected to form the register with 382 root morphemes. The study employed a quantitative research with statistical data analysis toinvestigate such characteristics of the Gothic root morpheme as its length in phonemes, distribution, combinability and phonotactics of vowel and consonant phonemes within CV root patterns, their constructive potential and symmetry. The investigation has revealed several fundamental regularities that characterize the Gothic root morpheme organizing on the phonemic level. The results of the study have shown that the Gothic language has roots ranging in length from two to nine phonemes, but four-fifths of the analyzed roots consisted of 3-4 phonemes, the average length of the Gothic root in phonemes is 3.55, the multi-phoneme roots are rare and represented mainly by lexical items of non-Germanic origin. The analysis of the realized canonical forms has shown that the Gothic language system uses only 2% of the theoretically possible forms for the construction of root morphemes at the phonemic level. The vast majority of these roots function as dependent roots, only 5% of them function as independent roots that form complete lexical units. The canonical forms of roots in the Gothic language have different modeling power; the most productive among them are three structural types (CVC, CVCC, CCVC), which form almost four fifths of all roots in the studied array. The phonemic structure of the root morpheme is characterized by a significant consonantal saturation: the initial and final components of most canonical forms are formed by consonants, and the medial ones by vowels. Structures of this type describe almost 90% of the total number of roots in the study sample. It has been proven that the phonemic structure of Gothic roots is characterized by symmetry, with the symmetrically constructed roots being mostly characterized by the mirror type of symmetry.
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Setyadi, Ary. "“Pasangan Minimal” Fonem Dasar Pembelajaran Materi Fonologi Bahasa Indonesia." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.13.4.521-532.
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Evidence as well as the goal of writing articles related to the statement: that the existence of "minimal pair" phonemes are supposed to be the basis/early learning Indonesian phonology is based on the following reasons: a. functional phoneme "minimal pair", b. certainty of speech and phoneme symbols, c. certainty of type and number of phonemes, d. phoneme as the cause of difference/contrast of meaning (words), and e. other forms of antonym formation (i).Starting from the effort of proof and the goal, finally it can be said: that such a study is an important study, because from several literature sources there is a phoneme "minimal pair" only discussed in a brief and simple manner. That is only limited to capacity as a means of proofing phonemes to phonemic traits. In other words, it turns out that the existing problems have never been discussed in depth and specifically.The method applied is based on three strategic stages, namely: 1. provision of data, 2. classification and analysis of data, and 3. preparation of reports/writing. The data is obtained from written sources, so that the provision of data is secondary. The application of theory is based on the linguistic theory of phonology and the semantic field. The application of the phonology field is related to the effort to put words in the phoneme "minimum pair", while the semantic field is related to the different meanings (words) of the paired words.
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Hunley, Keith, Claire Bowern, and Meghan Healy. "Rejection of a serial founder effects model of genetic and linguistic coevolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1736 (February 2012): 2281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2296.
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Recent genetic studies attribute the negative correlation between population genetic diversity and distance from Africa to a serial founder effects (SFE) evolutionary process. A recent linguistic study concluded that a similar decay in phoneme inventories in human languages was also the product of the SFE process. However, the SFE process makes additional predictions for patterns of neutral genetic diversity, both within and between groups, that have not yet been tested on phonemic data. In this study, we describe these predictions and test them on linguistic and genetic samples. The linguistic sample consists of 725 widespread languages, which together contain 908 distinct phonemes. The genetic sample consists of 614 autosomal microsatellite loci in 100 widespread populations. All aspects of the genetic pattern are consistent with the predictions of SFE. In contrast, most of the predictions of SFE are violated for the phonemic data. We show that phoneme inventories provide information about recent contacts between languages. However, because phonemes change rapidly, they cannot provide information about more ancient evolutionary processes.
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LEHTONEN, ANNUKKA, and REBECCA TREIMAN. "Adults' knowledge of phoneme–letter relationships is phonology based and flexible." Applied Psycholinguistics 28, no. 1 (January 2007): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716406070056.
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Despite the importance of phonemic awareness in beginning literacy, several studies have demonstrated that adults, including teacher trainees, have surprisingly poor phonemic skills. Three experiments investigated whether adults' responses in phonemic awareness and spelling segmentation tasks are based on units larger than single letters and phonemes. Responses often involved large units, and they were influenced by sonority and syllable structure. Participants who performed a phoneme counting task before a spelling segmentation task produced significantly more phoneme-based responses and fewer onset–rime responses than participants who first counted words in sentences. This training effect highlights the flexibility of adults' strategies. Although adults are capable of phoneme-based processing, they sometimes fail to use it.
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Suparman, NFN, and NFN Nurliana. "SISTEM FONOLOGI BAHASA TAE (The Phonology System of Tae Language)." Kandai 18, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jk.v18i1.3450.
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This study aims to identify and describe qualitatively the phonological system of Tae Rongkong dialect in North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. The analysis was carried out on 200 Swadesh vocabularies carried out in the field. The results of the study were analyzed in four categories. The categories in question are phoneme identification, phoneme distribution, phoneme clusters and tribal patterns in the Tae Rongkong dialect. In the phoneme identification carried out by researchers in the Tae dilaek Rongkong language, 5 vowel phonemes were found, including vowel phonemes [u], [a], [e], [O], and [o], and 9 consonant phonemes. which include consonant phonemes [m], [l], [s], [r], [b], [k], [d], [t], [n] obtained. In the distribution of phonemes in Tae language dialect rongkong found 9 vowel phonemes which include vowel phonemes [a], [i], [u], [I], [e], [é], [o], [ U] and [O], each of which occupies the position of a vowel sound in the Tae Rongkong dialect. In the distribution of consonant phonemes found 15 consonant phonemes in the Tae Rongkong dialect found consonant phonemes consisting of consonant phonemes [b], [d], [g], [j], [k], [l], [ m], [n], [ŋ], [p], [r], [s], [t], [v] and [?].; also found 5 vowel phoneme clusters /ai/, /ia/, /ua/, /ei/, and /oa/; and in the consonant phoneme group found 1 consonant phoneme /ŋk/; The tribal patterns found by researchers in the Tae Rongkong dialect consist of trisyllabic patterns with monosyllabic V, polysyllabic K.V, V.K, trisyllabic K.K.KV and four-syllabic KK.K.K.V.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan secara kualitatif sistem fonologi bahasa Tae dialek Rongkong di Kabupaten Luwu Utara, Sulawesi Selatan. Analisis dilakukan pada 200 kosakata Swadesh yang dilakukan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dalam empat kategori. Kategori yang dimaksud ialah identifikasi fonem, distribusi fonem, gugus fonem, dan pola persukuan dalam bahasa Tae dialek Rongkong. Pada identifikasi fonem yang dilakukan peneliti pada bahasa Tae dilaek Rongkong ditemukan 5 fonem vokal di antaranya fonem vokal [u], [a], [e], [O], dan [o] dan 9 fonem konsonan di antaranya fonem konsonan [m], [l], [s], [r], [b], [k], [d], [t], dan [n]. Pada distribusi fonem yang ada pada bahasa Tae dialek Rongkong ditemukan 9 fonem vokal di antaranya fonem vokal [a], [i], [u], [I], [e], [é], [o], [U], dan [O] yang masing-masing menempati posisi keberadaan bunyi vokal pada bahasa Tae dialek Rongkong. Pada distribusi fonem konsonan ditemukan 15 fonem konsonan dalam bahasa Tae dialek Rongkong dan ditemukan lagi fonem konsonan yang terdiri atas fonem konsonan [b], [d], [g], [j], [k], [l], [m], [n], [ŋ], [p], [r], [s], [t], [v], dan [?]; ditemukan pula 5 gugus fonem vokal /ai/, /ia/, /ua/, /ei/, dan /oa/; dan pada gugus fonem konsonan ditemukan 1 fonem konsonan /ŋk/; pola persukuan yang ditemukan peneliti dalam bahasa Tae dialek Rongkong terdiri atas pola persukuan bersuku satu V, bersuku dua K.V, V.K, bersuku tiga K.K.KV, dan bersuku empat KK.K.K.V.
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Oh, Donghoon, Jeong-Sik Park, Ji-Hwan Kim, and Gil-Jin Jang. "Hierarchical Phoneme Classification for Improved Speech Recognition." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010428.
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Speech recognition consists of converting input sound into a sequence of phonemes, then finding text for the input using language models. Therefore, phoneme classification performance is a critical factor for the successful implementation of a speech recognition system. However, correctly distinguishing phonemes with similar characteristics is still a challenging problem even for state-of-the-art classification methods, and the classification errors are hard to be recovered in the subsequent language processing steps. This paper proposes a hierarchical phoneme clustering method to exploit more suitable recognition models to different phonemes. The phonemes of the TIMIT database are carefully analyzed using a confusion matrix from a baseline speech recognition model. Using automatic phoneme clustering results, a set of phoneme classification models optimized for the generated phoneme groups is constructed and integrated into a hierarchical phoneme classification method. According to the results of a number of phoneme classification experiments, the proposed hierarchical phoneme group models improved performance over the baseline by 3%, 2.1%, 6.0%, and 2.2% for fricative, affricate, stop, and nasal sounds, respectively. The average accuracy was 69.5% and 71.7% for the baseline and proposed hierarchical models, showing a 2.2% overall improvement.
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Alqadasi, Ammar Mohammed Ali, Mohd Shahrizal Sunar, Sherzod Turaev, Rawad Abdulghafor, Md Sah Hj Salam, Abdulaziz Ali Saleh Alashbi, Ali Ahmed Salem, and Mohammed A. H. Ali. "Rule-Based Embedded HMMs Phoneme Classification to Improve Qur’anic Recitation Recognition." Electronics 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010176.
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Phoneme classification performance is a critical factor for the successful implementation of a speech recognition system. A mispronunciation of Arabic short vowels or long vowels can change the meaning of a complete sentence. However, correctly distinguishing phonemes with vowels in Quranic recitation (the Holy book of Muslims) is still a challenging problem even for state-of-the-art classification methods, where the duration of the phonemes is considered one of the important features in Quranic recitation, which is called Medd, which means that the phoneme lengthening is governed by strict rules. These features of recitation call for an additional classification of phonemes in Qur’anic recitation due to that the phonemes classification based on Arabic language characteristics is insufficient to recognize Tajweed rules, including the rules of Medd. This paper introduces a Rule-Based Phoneme Duration Algorithm to improve phoneme classification in Qur’anic recitation. The phonemes of the Qur’anic dataset contain 21 Ayats collected from 30 reciters and are carefully analyzed from a baseline HMM-based speech recognition model. Using the Hidden Markov Model with tied-state triphones, a set of phoneme classification models optimized based on duration is constructed and integrated into a Quranic phoneme classification method. The proposed algorithm achieved outstanding accuracy, ranging from 99.87% to 100% according to the Medd type. The obtained results of the proposed algorithm will contribute significantly to Qur’anic recitation recognition models.
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Masfufah, Nurul. "KORESPONDENSI FONEMIS BAHASA MELAYU KUTAI DAN BAHASA TONYOOI DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR PHONEMIC CORRESPONDENCE OF MELAYU KUTAI AND TONYOOI LANGUAGE IN EAST KALIMANTAN." Kadera Bahasa 12, no. 1 (August 13, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47541/kaba.v12i1.100.
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AbstractResearch on phonemic correspondence between Melayu Kutai and Tonyooi has never been done. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of phonemic correspondence between Melayu Kutai and Tonyooi. Data collection is done by the method of documentation with the technique of reading and taking notes. The data analysis using a comparison method with phonemic correspondence techniques. In this study found 10 phonemic correspondences between Melayu Kutai and Tonyooi, namely a~e/-k#, ŋ~kŋ/-#, ᴓ~q/-#, d~ᴓ/kv, b~ᴓ/kv , m~pm/-#, n~tn/-#, c~s/#-, s~h/-#, and u~o/k(v)-k. The vowels phoneme correspondence was only found in one device, while the consonant phoneme correspondence was found in nine devices. The phonemic correspondence set shows the kinship of the two languages. In addition, it can show the characteristics of each language from its phonological aspects, such as unique phonemes, namely /kŋ/, /pm/, and /tn/ at the end of words in Tonyooi, whereas in Melayu Kutai it is not found.Keywords: phonemic correspondence, vowels phonemes, consonant phonemes AbstrakPenelitian korespondensi fonemis antara bahasa Melayu Kutai dan bahasa Tonyooi belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk perangkat korespondensi fonemis antara bahasa Melayu Kutai dan bahasa Tonyooi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi dengan teknik baca dan catat. Penganalisisan data menggunakan metode perbandingan dengan teknik korespondensi fonemis. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan 10 perangkat korespondensi fonemis antara bahasa Melayu Kutai dan bahasa Tonyooi, yakni a~e/-k#, ŋ~kŋ/-#, ᴓ~q/-#, d~ᴓ/k-v, b~ᴓ/k-v, m~pm/-#, n~tn/-#, c~s/#-, s~h/-#, dan u~o/k(v)-k. Korespondensi fonem vokal hanya ditemukan satu perangkat saja, sedangkan korespondensi fonem konsonan ditemukan sembilan perangkat. Perangkat korespondensi fonemis tersebut menunjukkan adanya kekerabatan kedua bahasa tersebut. Selain itu, dapat menunjukkan karakteristik masing-masing bahasa dari aspek fonologinya, seperti ditemukan fonem unik, yaitu /kŋ/, /pm/, dan /tn/ di akhir kata dalam bahasa Tonyooi, sedangkan dalam bahasa Melayu Kutai tidak ditemukan.Kata kunci: korespondensi fonemis, fonem vokal, fonem konsonan
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Ayu Lestari, Aprillya Nurizki, and Hana Ghina Hanifah. "Analisis Perbandingan Fonem Bahasa Sunda Dan Bahasa Indonesia." Sintaksis : Publikasi Para ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris 1, no. 6 (January 2, 2024): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/sintaksis.v1i6.231.
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This research focuses on a comprehensive comparison of phonemes between Sundanese and Indonesian languages. The analysis employs content analysis to delineate the intricate differences between the two languages. Sundanese, as revealed in the study, comprises seven vowel phonemes, whereas Indonesian has five primary vowels. Vowel classification in both languages involves lip position, tongue's front-back movement, and tongue height during pronunciation. Sundanese has 18 consonant phonemes, while Indonesian possesses 21 consonant phonemes. Interestingly, despite Sundanese having 29 vowels, some are unable to occur consecutively with other vowels. Conversely, in Indonesian, words with diphthongs, i.e., a sequence of two vowels in one syllable, are considered separate cases. Another significant difference is the presence of an additional phoneme in Sundanese, namely /é/, which is absent in Indonesian. The existence of this phoneme adds complexity to Sundanese phonological patterns. Additionally, noticeable differences in consonant phonemes exist, with Sundanese having only 18, while Indonesian has 21, creating intriguing phonetic diversity between the two languages.
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Gombert, Jean Emile. "What do Children Do when they Fail to Count Phonemes?" International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 4 (December 1996): 757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900405.
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An analysis of children's responses in phoneme counting tasks provides a way of accessing their conception of the smallest phonological unit. Thus, in order to understand the development of phonological awareness, the types of errors children make in these tasks were analysed. A group of 5to 6-year-olds (preliterate), a group of 6to 7-year-olds (grade 1), a group of 7to 8-year-olds (grade 2), and a group of 6to 7-year-olds who, after 4 months of learning to read, were unable to decode new words were presented a task that involved counting phonemes in words and nonwords. In addition to description of the emergence of the ability to focus on phonemic segments, our interest was in analysing the incorrect responses, including the possible types of segmentation as a function of the pronunciation of the items. Nonliterate subjects (preliterate children or nonreaders from grade 1) counted syllables; the beginning readers (grade 1) often failed to analyse the onset or the rime of the syllables into phonemes. Therefore, they appeared to be using an analysis that was intermediate between onset-rime segments and phonemes. The older children (grade 2) tended to count letters as opposed to phonemes, producing more than one tap for a digraph.
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PYTLYK, CAROLYN. "Are orthographic effects language specific? The influence of second language orthography on second language phoneme awareness." Applied Psycholinguistics 38, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 233–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716416000175.
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ABSTRACTThis research investigated first language (L1) and second language (L2) orthographic effects on L2 phoneme perception. Twenty-five native English learners of Russian (n = 13) and Mandarin (n = 12) participated in an auditory phoneme counting task, using stimuli organized along two parameters: consistency and homophony. The learners more successfully counted phonemes in L2 words with consistent letter–phoneme correspondences (e.g., всё /fsʲɔ/, three letters/three phonemes) than in words with inconsistent correspondences (e.g., звать /zvatʲ/, five letters/four phonemes), indicating that L2 phoneme awareness is influenced by L2 orthography and that orthographic effects are not limited to the L1. In addition, the lack of any L1 homophone effects suggests that L2 orthographic effects overrode any potential L1 orthographic interference for these intermediate-level learners, suggesting orthographic effects may be language specific.
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Jamil, Muhammad. "al-Aṣwāt al-Mutaghayyirah fī Asmā’ al-Manāṭiq al-Indūnīsīyah ‘inda Naqlihā ilá al-‘Arabīyah: Dirāsah Fūnūlūjīyah." Al-Ma‘rifah 17, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/almakrifah.17.02.09.
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This study aims to determine the change in the consonant phoneme that is found only in the Indonesian language which occurs in the Indonesian region when it is transliterated into the Arabic language. The research method uses a qualitative method of descriptive with review literature techniques. The data obtained from various regional names in Indonesia contained in the Arabic version of Google Maps and then grouped by certain criteria. Five consonant phonemes are only available in the Indonesian language and are not found in Arabic, such as: /c/,/g/,/p/,/η/, and /ñ/, so variations appear in the Indonesian transliteration symbols to the Arabic. The results showed that phoneme /c/ could be represented by the phoneme <س> <ك>, or grapheme <تش>, Phoneme /g/can be represented by the phoneme <غ> or <ج>, phoneme /p/ can be represented by the phoneme <ب> or <ف>, phonemes/η/or grapheme <ng> can be represented by the grapheme <نج>, <نغ>, <نق>, or <نك>, for the phonemes /ñ/ or grapheme <ny> can be represented by the grapheme <ني>. The phoneme changes are based on the proximity of articulation points. This research is a preliminary study to map the transcription symbol of Indonesian phonemes into Arabic.
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Easwar, Vijayalakshmi, David W. Purcell, and Susan D. Scollie. "Electroacoustic Comparison of Hearing Aid Output of Phonemes in Running Speech versus Isolation: Implications for Aided Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials Testing." International Journal of Otolaryngology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/518202.
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Background. Functioning of nonlinear hearing aids varies with characteristics of input stimuli. In the past decade, aided speech evoked cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) have been proposed for validation of hearing aid fittings. However, unlike in running speech, phonemes presented as stimuli during CAEP testing are preceded by silent intervals of over one second. Hence, the present study aimed to compare if hearing aids process phonemes similarly in running speech and in CAEP testing contexts.Method. A sample of ten hearing aids was used. Overall phoneme level and phoneme onset level of eight phonemes in both contexts were compared at three input levels representing conversational speech levels.Results. Differences of over 3 dB between the two contexts were noted in one-fourth of the observations measuring overall phoneme levels and in one-third of the observations measuring phoneme onset level. In a majority of these differences, output levels of phonemes were higher in the running speech context. These differences varied across hearing aids.Conclusion. Lower output levels in the isolation context may have implications for calibration and estimation of audibility based on CAEPs. The variability across hearing aids observed could make it challenging to predict differences on an individual basis.
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Madya Ramadhani, Roni Ripaldi Turnip, and Anita Sitanggang. "A Phonemic Analysis Between English And Indonesian In English Conversation." Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Sosial 2, no. 2 (August 8, 2023): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.58540/jipsi.v2i2.378.
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This study compares and contrasts the phonetic systems of English and Indonesian in the "English Conversation" In order to teach students how to pronounce English with Indonesian phonemes, the research aims to compare and contrast the phonemes in the English Conversation. Ten English consonant phonemes and ten Indonesian consonant phonemes are the focus of this study. A qualitative technique is used in the descriptive-contextual research methodology. Based on the types of phonemes, the technique design compares the phonemes in Text Conversation written in English and Indonesian. The "English Conversation ", which are made up of 10 consonant phonemes, were discovered to share commonalities between the English and Indonesian phonemic systems. Ten consonants in the English Conversation represent the distinctions between the English and Indonesian phonetic systems.