Academic literature on the topic 'Phitochemical'

The aim of this review is to establish the main phytoconstituents of Drosera species and to find interrelations between them and the pharmacological action of the extracts. We paid special attention to the possibilities of using the Drosera species in the field of dentistry. To achieve the proposed goal, a series of scientific publications on the chemical composition, pharmacological action and medicinal use of Drosera species were identified and evaluated. The analysis took into account different criteria: the establishment of the phytoconstituents, the chemical methods of isolation, the analysis and the pharmacological particularities, and the use in dental field. Results showed that Drosera species are rich in flavonoids, especially flavonols (gossypin and gossiptrin) and their glycosides (quercetin, isoquercetin, hyperoside, astralgin), naphthoquinone derivatives (plumbagin, naphthoquinone) and tannins (ellagic acid, dimethylellagic acid). These components are responsible for anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antioxidant and anti tumoral activity. The first studies related to the anti-inflammatory action are recorded in 2002 by Kolodziej [23] and refers to Drosera peltata. The latest studies on the anti-inflammatory action are those from 2022 led by Hake [22] and these lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action , respectively of its natural compounds ( quercetin , isoquercetin and hyperoside ) functioning as neutrophyl inhibitors. Drosera sp. can be used in dental diseases due to the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action of its bioactive components.

Investigations of the effects of phitochemical compounds from extracts of pomegranate, grape seeds and garlic on expression of NFE2L2, JUN, SOD1 in cultivated cells of the human blood showed that transcription of SOD1 increased in the presence of pomegranate and grape seed extracts. Level of mRNA in NFE2L2 and JUN rose briskly only under the influence of a high concentration of the grape seed extract. Level of JUN mRNA correlated with NFE2L2 mRNA. Garlic extract had no effect on transcription of NFE2L2, JUN, SOD1. Activation of the transcription of all 3 genes under study by the grape seeds extract can contribute to controlling the free radical processes in human cells.

Guava plants (Psidium guajava L) are fruit plants originating from South America and can thrive in the territory of Indonesia. Now the biggest center for guava cultivation is spread in DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Yogyakarta, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra and Kalimantan. In addition to taking the fruit, guava leaves are also used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhea in human and animals. This study aims to identify active compounds in guava leaves. That is a secondary metabolites with pharmacological effects as anti diarrhea such as flavonoid, alkaloid, tannins and essential oils. The leaves sample used in this study were taken from farmers in the West Denpasar area, Bali. Extraction of guava leaf leaves using 96% ethanol, and phytochemical analysis was carried out to detect the presence of active compounds. The data obtained is presented and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that the ethanol extract of guava leaves contained active compound inclaude steroid/triterpenoid, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. It can be concluded that guava leaf extract contains are potential antidiarrheal

ESTUDIO FITOQUÍMICO Y BIOQUÍMICO DE SEMILLAS PREHISPÁNICAS DE Nectandra sp. PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF PREHISPANIC Nectandra sp. SEEDS Mag. María Montoya Veraa DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2007.0001/ RESUMEN El presente articulo trata del estudio de un especímen botánico en particular, recurrentemente recuperado en diferentes sitios arqueológicos de la costa norte y central peruana. Este especímen ha sido identificado arqueobotánicamente como perteneciente a la familia Lauraceae, género Nectandra, especie aún no identificada, estas semillas son propias de zonas boscosas húmedas La procedencia y ubicación cronológica del material arqueológico es el Complejo Arqueológico Huacas del Sol y la Luna ubicado en el valle bajo de Moche, material asociado a ocupación tardía Chimú (fechado C14 1440 - 1665 d. C.). En el presente trabajo realizamos el análisis fitoquímico y los bioensayos con extractos de estas semillas, fueron realizados por especialistas en farmacología. Actualmente estas semillas siguen siendo usadas en costa y sierra norte (herbolarios, curanderos), así como entre comunidades aguarunas de la selva norte. Su significado simbólico está enmarcado en aspectos rituales, como un elemento ofrendatorio en complejas ceremonias funerarias, del cual hemos podido vislumbrar contextos recurrentes asociados a posibles sacrificios de niñosadolescentes en la época Chimú. Según los análisis realizados, las propiedades farmacológicas de estas semillas fueron conocidas y aprovechadas desde épocas preincaicas, tal y como las referencias etnohistóricas ya nos planteaban. Palabras clave: Semillas, Nectandra sp., fitoquímico, bioquímico, rituales. ABSTRACT This article focuses on the study of a botanical specimen, that has been frcuently recovered in different archaeologic sites of the Peruvian coast north and central. Identified archaeobotanicly, it belongs to the Lauraceae family, gender Nectandra, kind yet unidentified, these seeds are own of forest areas wet The origin and chronological location of the studied materials is Archaeologic Complex Huacas del Sol y la Luna located in the valley under of Moche, material associated with the late occupation Chimú (dated C14 1440 - 1665 a. C), In the present work have accomplished the analysis phytochemical and bioensays with extracts of these seeds, they were accomplished by specialists in pharmacology Currently its use continues being persistent, in coast and north saw (herbolarios, quacks), as well as between communities aguarunas of the north jungle. Its meant symbolic is framed in ritual aspects, as an element to offer in complex funeral ceremonies, of which have been able to glimpse recurrent contexts associated with possible child sacrifices - adolescent for the era Chimú. Being apparently that the pharmacological properties of these seeds were known and taken advantage from the pre-Hispanic era, such and as the references ethnohistorics already were outlining us. Keywords: Seeds, Nectandra sp., phitochemical, biochemical, rituals.

A Erythrina velutina Willd. é conhecida popularmente como “mulungu”, suas cascas são utilizadas principalmente pela população do nordeste brasileiro devido a suas propriedades calmante, sudorífica, emoliente e anestésica local. A pesquisa teve como propósitos o isolamento de substâncias químicas, a partir de técnicas cromatográficas, presentes no extrato bruto e frações deste (hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e hidroalcoólica remanescente). A identificação dos compostos isolados foi realizada por meio da análise dos dados das espectroscopias de ultravioleta, infravermelho e ressonância magnética nuclear de carbono e hidrogênio; a verificação da atividade antibacteriana do extrato bruto foi realizada através dos testes de difusão em disco e concentração inibitória mínima e, da fração hexano por teste de difusão em disco, além disso também foi procedida a verificação da atividade alelopática na germinação e alteração do crescimento da radícula e hipocótilo das sementes de Lactuca sativa para diferentes concentrações do extrato bruto e frações, os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pela análise de variância e teste de comparação múltipla de médias de Scott & Knott. Na fração hexano foram identificados o ácido fênico, ácido cinâmico, a-amirina, estigmasterol, b-amirina, b-sitosterol e lupeol por cromatografia gasosa e isolados o estigmasterol em mistura com o b-sitosterol. Da fração diclorometano foram isolados dois alcalóides e as estruturas propostas são eritralina, que foi identificada por comparação de seus dados espectrais com os dados publicados e já foi isolada desta espécie, 8-oxo-11b-metoxieritralina e eritrinina (não relatadas para a espécie); da fração hidroalcoólica remanescente isolou-se um composto que exibe algumas características de açúcar monocíclico, ainda não completamente identificado. O extrato bruto e a fração hexano demonstraram atividade antibacteriana moderada, em relação aos antibióticos controle, contra o Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus pyogenes. A germinação das sementes de Lactuca sativa não foi inibida e o crescimento da radícula e hipocótilo destas plântulas para o extrato bruto e frações foi estatisticamente significativo e diferente dos controles com água e etanol, a fração hidroalcoólica remanescente teve a maior atividade e alterou a morfologia das plântulas causando enovelamento, ausência de pêlos radiculares e ausência de folíolos. Cabe salientar que a atividade antibacteriana, a atividade alelopática e a presença de estigmasterol e o composto isolado da fração hidroalcoólica remanescente ainda não haviam sido citadas na literatura conforme levantamento bibliográfico para Erythrina velutina. Palavras-chave: alelopatia, análise estatística, atividade antibacteriana, microbiologia, alcalóides, estigmasterol. PHITOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDY FROM ERYTHRINA VELUTINA WILLD., FABACEAE (LEGUMINASAE- PAPILIONOIDEAE) BARK. Abstract Erythrina velutina Willd. is popularly known as mulungu, and its bark is used especially by the population of the Brazilian northeast owning to its sedative, sudorific, emollient and topic anaesthetic properties. This research is aimed at isolating the chemical substances in the crude extract and its partitions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hydro alcoholic remaining fractions), through chromatographic techniques. The analysis of the spectrum copies of ultraviolet, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon and hydrogen were used in the identification of the isolated compounds. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract was verified by using disk diffusion method and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), and hexane fraction activity was verified through the disk diffusion method, and besides that the allelopathic activity in the germination and growth of the radicle and plantule of the Lactuca sativa seeds was checked at different concentrations of crude extract and fractions. Data were statistically examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scott Knott multiple comparison test. The hexane fraction GC showed fenic acid, cinnamic acid, a-amirin, stigmasterol, b-amirin, b-sitosterol and lupeol by gas chromatography; stigmasterol was isolated and identified as the major compound in the mixture with b-sitosterol. Two alkaloids were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and the structures found were: erythraline that has been identified by comparing its spectral characteristics to its published ones and has been isolated from this gender, and 8–oxo–11(-methoxyerythraline and erythrinin which had not been related to this gender before; from the remaining hidroalcoholic fraction it was possible to segregate a compound that seems to have monocyclic sugar characteristics, but has not been thoroughly identified so far. The crude extract and the hexane fraction gave evidence of moderate antibacterial activity in relation to the antibiotics control, against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. The germination of Lactuca sativa seeds was not inhibited and the growth of the radicle and hypocotyls to the amount of crude extract and fractions were statistically significant and different from the water and ethanol control. The remaining hidroalcoholic fraction was the most active and that caused the plantules morphology to show alterations such as curling, radicle hair absence and follicle absence. It seems important to emphasize that antibacterial activity, allelopathic activity, stigmasterol presence and the isolated compound from the remaining hidroalcoholic fraction had never been mentioned before in literature according to a bibliographic survey of Erythrina velutina.

Au Bénin, l’utilisation des bâtons à mâcher est une pratique culturelle pour traiter les affections bucco dentaires. Cependant, les données scientifiques sur leur potentiel thérapeutique sont inexistantes. Cette étude propose d’améliorer les connaissances ethnobotaniques, thérapeutiques et la phytochimie des plantes à usages bucco-dentaires du Bénin. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons effectué une enquête ethnobotanique, auprès des 1697 individus, qui a permis de sélectionner dix plantes : Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Vitellaria paradoxa, Prosopis africana, Dialium guineense, Pseudocedrela kotschyi, Parkia biglobosa, Azadirachta indica, Diospyros mespiliformis, Anogeissus leiocarpa et Bridelia ferruginea. Ensuite, une étude a été réalisée pour évaluer leur cytotoxicité et leurs activités antibactériennes. Les résultats du test antibactérien montrent que les plus grands diamètres d'inhibition ont été obtenus par les extraits hydro-éthanoliques de A. leiocarpa [25,67±0,04 mm sur Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 ; 23,67±0,02 mm sur Escherichia coli (souche clinique) ; 23,67±0,12 mm sur Klebsiella pneumoniae (souche clinique)] et de P. africana [20,33±0,62 mm sur Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 ; 20,67±0,04 mm sur Klebsiella pneumoniae (souche clinique) ; 21±1 sur Escherichia coli (souche clinique)]. Par la suite, l’évaluation de l’activité antioxydante à l’aide du test ABTS, des extraits hydroalcooliques des écorces de Anogeissus leiocarpa (14,97±0,83 mg ET/gMS) a montré un pouvoir antiradicalaire supérieur à celui des extraits d’écorces de Prosopis africana (13,25±0,1 mg ET/gMS). L’analyse chromatographique des extraits de ces deux plantes par LC-PDA/MS a révélé que les deux principaux flavonoïdes qu’ils contiennent sont l’acide ellagique et la quercétine
In Benin, the use of chewing sticks is a cultural practice to treat oral diseases. However, scientific data on their therapeutic potential are lacking. This study proposes to improve ethnobotanical, therapeutic and phytochemical knowledge of oral plants in Benin. To achieve this objective, we conducted an ethnobotanical survey of 1697 individuals, which allowed us to select ten plants: Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Vitellaria paradoxa, Prosopis africana, Dialium guineense, Pseudocedrela kotschyi, Parkia biglobosa, Azadirachta indica, Diospyros mespiliformis, Anogeissus leiocarpa and Bridelia ferruginea. Then, a study was performed to evaluate their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities. The results of the antibacterial test show that the largest inhibition diameters were obtained by the hydroethanol extracts of A. leiocarpa [25.67±0.04 mm on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; 23.67±0.02 mm on Escherichia coli (clinical strain); 23.67±0.12 mm on Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical strain)] and P. africana [20.33±0.62 mm on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; 20.67±0.04 mm on Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical strain); 21±1 on Escherichia coli (clinical strain)]. Quantitatively, the hydroalcoholic extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa bark yielded higher contents of polyphenols and total flavonoids than those of Prosopis africana bark. Subsequently, evaluation of antioxidant activity using the ABTS assay, hydroalcoholic extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpa barks (14.97±0.83 mg SD/gMS) showed higher antiradical power than Prosopis africana barks extracts (13.25±0.1 mg SD/gMS). Chromatographic analysis of the extracts of these two plants by LC-PDA/MS revealed that the two main flavonoids they contain are ellagic acid and quercetin

Tese de doutoramento em Ciências e Tecnologia da Saúde, na especialidade de Biologia Celular e Molecular, apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra.
Inflammation is a complex immunological process involved in protection against infection or injury tissue and homeostasis maintenance that when dysregulated leads to a chronic inflammation state and disease, including Alzheimer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and cancer. However, given that the current anti-inflammatory drugs are not totally safe and effective; there is the need to develop new anti-inflammatory agents. The inflammatory response comprises inducers, being a classical one the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the sensors expressed in the inflammatory cells, signaling transduction pathways that induce the expression of inflammatory genes, and effectors. Macrophages are key inflammatory cells that provide an innate immune defense against foreign agents and also promote an adaptative immune response by the secretion of several inflammatory mediators, which expression is controlled by intracellular signaling pathways. Therefore, compounds targeting signal transduction pathways and mediators produced by macrophages stimulated with an inflammatory stimulus can act as anti-inflammatory, and consequently, can be potential therapeutic agents. In the last decades, many identified drug leads and new drugs launched in the market have been derived from natural products. Traditional medicinal herbs have long been used as remedies against inflammatory-related diseases. Moreover, phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants with well known healthy effects, namely antioxidant, cardio- and neuro-protection, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. Thus, the study of phenolic content in medicinal plants is extremely relevant in the search of new anti-inflammatory drugs. This work aimed to identify in the medicinal plant Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Cy) phenolic compounds with an anti-inflammatory potential and to investigate their mechanisms of action, through in vitro bio-guided assays. A lipid- and essential oil-free infusion of Cy leaves was prepared and its anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated in LPS-stimulated human and murine macrophages. The production of several pro-inflammatory mediators, namely nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 5 in human macrophages were inhibited by Cy extract (1.115 mg/mL). Its anti-inflammatory activity was correlated with the inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 signaling pathways. Moreover, it was verified, for the first time, that Cy extract inhibited the chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome, with the consequent inhibition of the nuclear factor (NF)-kB, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of numerous inflammatory mediators. Cy extract was fractionated by column chromatography and polyphenol-rich fractions, namely phenolic acids (PAF yield of 23.8%, w/w, of Cy extract), flavonoids (FF; yield of 4.4%, w/w, of Cy extract) and tannins (TF; yield of 3.5%, w/w, of Cy extract) were obtained. Data revealed that PAF and TF were partially responsible by Cy anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of NF-kB activation, NO production, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF-α. In turn, flavonoids decreased TNF-α and iNOS expression but not NO production. Among the three fractions, PAF strongly contributed to the inhibition of proteasome activity triggered by Cy extract. Chemical characterization by HPLC/PDA/ESI-MSn identified chlorogenic acid (CGA) as the main phenolic acid of the Cy extract, which was partially responsible for the inhibitory effect on the proteasome activity. Therefore, Cy polyphenols, in particular CGA, were highlighted as bioactive compounds. Flavonoids of Cy were further characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, O-, C- and O,C-glycosides of luteolin being isolated and identified, namely luteolin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside and luteolin 6-C-β-glucopyranoside (isoorientin), consistent with previous studies, as well as luteolin 2”-O-rhamnosyl-C-(6-deoxy-ribo-hexos-3-ulosyl) (cassiaoccidentalin B), identified for the first time in Cy. The cytotoxicity and the anti-inflammatory properties of luteolin and its glycosides were evaluated in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages. Luteolin glycosides demonstrated less cytotoxicity than luteolin aglycone, which could be an advantage from a pharmacological point of view due to the high toxicity of the current available ant-inflammatory drugs. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of luteolin glycosides, the production of NO as well the expression of iNOS, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzed. Data revealed that glycosylation decreased the luteolin anti-inflammatory activity, with a higher reduction for C-glycosylation than O-glycosylation. Taking into account the bioavailability and metabolism of luteolin glycosides, their in vivo administration should be considered. In conclusion, this work demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, using an in vitro bio-guided assay, which supports the traditional use of Cy leaves infusion. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties were elucidated and polyphenols, namely chlorogenic acid and luteolin glycosides, were pointed out as bioactive compounds, encouraging in vivo validation studies with the ultimate goal of developing a new anti-inflammatory drug.
A inflamação é um processo imunológico complexo envolvido na proteção contra a infeção ou dano tecidular e na manutenção da homeostasia e que, quando desregulado predispõe o hospedeiro para o desenvolvimento de inflamação crónica associada a várias patologias, tais como Alzheimer, diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares, aterosclerose e cancro. No entanto, os fármacos anti-inflamatórios atualmente disponíveis não são totalmente seguros e eficazes, pelo que o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos anti-inflamatórios assume grande relevância. A resposta inflamatória é composta por indutores, tal como o lipopolissacarídeo (LPS), sensores que são expressos nas células inflamatórias, vias de sinalização intracelular que induzem a expressão de genes inflamatórios e moléculas efetoras. Os macrófagos são células inflamatórias que se destacam por proporcionarem uma defesa imediata contra agentes estranhos ao organismo e promoverem uma resposta imune adaptativa através da produção de mediadores inflamatórios, cuja expressão é controlada por vias de sinalização intracelular. Assim, compostos que têm como alvo as vias de sinalização e a produção de mediadores inflamatórios em macrófagos ativados, possuem potencial anti-inflamatório e, consequentemente, valor terapêutico. Nas últimas décadas, a maior parte dos farmacóforos identificados e dos novos medicamentos derivaram de produtos naturais. Várias plantas usadas em medicina tradicional são utilizadas no tratamento de patologias associadas à inflamação. Além disso, os compostos fenólicos são metabolitos secundários das plantas que possuem vários efeitos terapêuticos, tais como, antioxidantes, cardio- e neuro-protetores, anticancerígenos e anti-inflamatórios. Assim, o estudo de compostos fenólicos presentes em plantas medicinais é extremamente relevante na pesquisa de novos fármacos anti-inflamatórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar compostos fenólicos de planta medicinal Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Cy), com potencial anti-inflamatório e dissecar os seus mecanismos de ação, utilizando ensaios in vitro bio-guiados. Preparou-se uma infusão a partir das folhas de Cy, sem óleos essenciais e lípidos, e as suas propriedades anti-inflamatórias foram testadas em macrófagos estimulados com lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). A produção de mediadores inflamatórios, tais como monóxido de azoto (NO) e prostaglandina (PG) E2, em macrófagos de ratinho (RAW 264.7), bem como o fator de necrose tumoral (TNF)-α e a quimiocina CCL 5, em macrófagos humanos, foram inibidos pelo extrato de Cy (1,115 mg/mL), estando esta atividade relacionada com a inibição da ativação da p38 MAPK e da JNK 1/2. Além disso, verificou-se, pela primeira vez, que este extrato inibe a atividade quimiotripsina do proteassoma, com consequente inibição do NF-kB, um fator de transcrição que regula a expressão de mediadores inflamatórios. O extrato de Cy foi fracionado por cromatografia em coluna obtendo-se frações ricas em polifenóis, nomeadamente os ácidos fenólicos (PAF), os flavonóides (FF) e os taninos (TF). Os resultados obtidos demonstram que PAF e TF são parcialmente responsáveis pelas propriedades anti-inflamatórias do Cy por inibirem a produção de NO, expressão da sintetase do monóxido de azoto (iNOS) e do TNF-α, bem como o NF-kB. Os flavonóides diminuem a expressão de TNF-α e iNOS mas não a produção de NO. Das três frações, PAF contribuiu consideravelmente para a inibição da atividade do proteassoma verificada no extrato do Cy. A caracterização química, realizada por HPLC/PDA/ESI-MSn, permitiu identificar o ácido clorogénico (CGA) como o principal ácido fenólico do extrato, sendo parcialmente responsável pela inibição da atividade do proteassoma. Desta forma, os polifenóis de Cy, em particular o CGA, foram identificados como compostos bioativos. Os flavonóides do Cy foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear de protão, sendo identificados e isolados O-, C- e O,C-glicósidos de luteolina, nomeadamente a luteolina-6-C-β-glucopiranósido (isoorientin), a luteolina-7-O-β-glucopiranósido e a luteolina 2"-O-ramnosil-C-(6-desoxi-ribo-hexos-3-ulosil) (cassiaoccidentalina B), sendo o último identificado pela primeira vez no Cy. A citotoxicidade e as propriedades anti-inflamatórias da luteolina e dos seus glicósidos foram avaliadas em macrófagos RAW 264.7 estimulados com LPS. Os glicósidos de luteolina demonstraram menor citotoxicidade do que a própria luteolina, o que pode constituir uma vantagem do ponto de vista farmacológico dada a elevada toxicidade dos anti-inflamatórios atualmente disponíveis no mercado. Para avaliar o potencial anti-inflamatório dos glicósidos de luteolina, foi analisa a produção de NO, assim como a expressão da iNOS, da interleucina (IL)-1β, IL-6 e do TNF-α. Os resultados demonstraram que a glicosilação diminui a atividade anti-inflamatória da luteolina, sendo esta redução maior para a C-glicosilação comparativamente com a O-glicosilação. No entanto, tendo em conta a biodisponibilidade e metabolismo dos glicósidos de luteolina, a sua administração in vivo deverá ser considerada e explorada. Em conclusão, este trabalho demonstra as propriedades anti-inflamatórias do Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, utilizando um ensaio in vitro bio-guiado, o que suporta o uso desta planta em medicina tradicional. Além disso, foram elucidados os mecanismos moleculares responsáveis pelas propriedades anti-inflamatórias do Cy, tendo sido igualmente identificadas diversas moléculas bioativas, designadamente o ácido clorogénico e os glicósidos de luteolina. Estes resultados deverão ser validados in vivo tendo por objetivo final o desenvolvimento de um novo fármaco anti-inflamatório.