Academic literature on the topic 'Philosophy of science (excl. history and philosophy of specific fields)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Philosophy of science (excl. history and philosophy of specific fields).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Philosophy of science (excl. history and philosophy of specific fields)"
1
Radu, Mirela. "Medicine versus philosophy." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 120, no. 2 (August 2, 2017): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2017.120.2.5.
Full textAbstract:
The ancient Greek medicine was based on the principle that philosophy influences all natural sciences as a whole. The doctor had, first of all, a humanistic formation followed by study of applied sciences specific to medicine. If humanism is purely theoretical, medicine is an applied science and the two-philosophy and medical knowledge, despite the apparent antinomy are able to create a union to the benefit of humanity. Medicine is the art of treating patients, identifying diseases and malady prevention. In its endeavor, medicine is based on the findings of numerous other fields such as physics, chemistry, anatomy, physiology, etc. Philosophy, on the other hand, can be defined as an attempt to understand human life as a whole. It is inevitable that the two ways of dealing with human beings to have influenced each other and the history of mankind. Both forms of knowledge have a major impact and influence on the world. Philosophy, understood in its older meaning, urged towards the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases of the soul whereas medicine, relying on philosophical teachings is aimed at healing the body and study its psychosomatic features.
2
Peterson, David. "The depth of fields: Managing focus in the epistemic subcultures of mind and brain science." Social Studies of Science 47, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312716663047.
Full textAbstract:
The ‘psy’ sciences emerged from the tangled roots of philosophy, physiology, biology and medicine, and these origins have produced heterogeneous fields. Scientists in these areas work in a complex, overlapping ecology of fields that results in the constant co-presence of dissonant theories, methods and research objects. This raises questions regarding how conceptual clarity is maintained. Using the optical metaphor ‘depth of field’, I show how researchers in all fields marginalize potential threats to routine scientific work by framing them as either too broad and imprecise or too narrow and technical. The appearance of this defocusing and devaluing across sites suggests a general aspect of scientific cognition, rather than a by-product of any specific scientific dispute.
3
Lvov, Alexander A. "The specificity of historical-philosophical research in the Humanities." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, no. 3 (2021): 449–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.307.
Full textAbstract:
In interdisciplinary contemporary science, knowledge is obtained from a close collaboration of specialists with various competences. Philosophy appears to be effective in clarifying the meaning of concepts, discerning the normative and the empirical, determining whether the differences in the positions of the participants depend on how they use words or the essence of the argument. Philosophers actively help to develop various fields of the humanities and social sciences and they are in demand in the sciences. They admit themselves that the history of philosophy is the unifying factor for all the areas, although the areas of their research are diverse. The article considers the question of whether it is possible to talk about a specific influence exerted by professional historians of philosophy on other disciplines. Restricted to the humanities, it traces the streams that exist in the dialogue between the humanities and historical-philosophical studies, and also considers what contribution the historians of philosophy make in the field of historical sciences, in various areas of political research, in gender studies, anthropology, theology and religious philosophy, as well as the articulation of practical philosophy as a way of life. Despite the fact that the history of philosophy is thought of as an auxiliary discipline, the contribution of the historians of philosophy to the development of related and indirectly related fields of scholarship is significant: they reconstruct the genealogy of meaning and as a result, the concepts or ideas are clarified within their native cultural environment.
4
Douglas, Conor M. W. "Managing HuGE Expectations." Science & Technology Studies 18, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55178.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the rhetorical processes by which spokespersons and practitioners of human genome epidemiology (HuGE) try to articulate and legitimate their methods and approaches, while solidifying their future in American public health as a discipline at the intersection of epidemiological and genomic discourses. Based on works within the ‘dynamics of expectations’ this examination seeks to expand on the temporal understanding of expectations by identifying the specific rhetorical strategies used to manage emerging techno-sciences. Understanding such specific strategies is necessary for analysts working around fields of science that are highly contested and lodged in a prospective discourse, such as the climate sciences, information technologies, and other areas of biotechnology.
5
Kelly, Kimberly, and Linda Grant. "Penalties and premiums: The impact of gender, marriage, and parenthood on faculty salaries in science, engineering and mathematics (SEM) and non-SEM fields." Social Studies of Science 42, no. 6 (September 11, 2012): 869–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312712457111.
Full textAbstract:
The prevalence of gender wage gaps in academic work is well documented, but patterns of advantage or disadvantage linked to marital, motherhood, and fatherhood statuses have been less explored among college and university faculty. Drawing from a nationally representative sample of faculty in the US, we explore how the combined effects of marriage, children, and gender affect faculty salaries in science, engineering and mathematics (SEM) and non-SEM fields. We examine whether faculty members’ productivity moderates these relationships and whether these effects vary between SEM and non-SEM faculty. Among SEM faculty, we also consider whether placement in specific disciplinary groups affects relationships between gender, marital and parental status, and salary. Our results show stronger support for fatherhood premiums than for consistent motherhood penalties. Although earnings are reduced for women in all fields relative to married fathers, disadvantages for married mothers in SEM disappear when controls for productivity are introduced. In contrast to patterns of motherhood penalties in the labor market overall, single childless women suffer the greatest penalties in pay in both SEM and non-SEM fields. Our results point to complex effects of family statuses on the maintenance of gender wage disparities in SEM and non-SEM disciplines, but married mothers do not emerge as the most disadvantaged group.
6
Herndon, J. M. "Inseparability of science history and discovery." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 1, no. 1 (April 12, 2010): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-1-25-2010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Science is very much a logical progression through time. Progressing along a logical path of discovery is rather like following a path through the wilderness. Occasionally the path splits, presenting a choice; the correct logical interpretation leads to further progress, the wrong choice leads to confusion. By considering deeply the relevant science history, one might begin to recognize past faltering in the logical progression of observations and ideas and, perhaps then, to discover new, more precise understanding. The following specific examples of science faltering are described from a historical perspective: (1) Composition of the Earth's inner core; (2) Giant planet internal energy production; (3) Physical impossibility of Earth-core convection and Earth-mantle convection, and; (4) Thermonuclear ignition of stars. For each example, a revised logical progression is described, leading, respectively, to: (1) Understanding the endo-Earth's composition; (2) The concept of nuclear georeactor origin of geo- and planetary magnetic fields; (3) The invalidation and replacement of plate tectonics; and, (4) Understanding the basis for the observed distribution of luminous stars in galaxies. These revised logical progressions clearly show the inseparability of science history and discovery. A different and more fundamental approach to making scientific discoveries than the frequently discussed variants of the scientific method is this: An individual ponders and through tedious efforts arranges seemingly unrelated observations into a logical sequence in the mind so that causal relationships become evident and new understanding emerges, showing the path for new observations, for new experiments, for new theoretical considerations, and for new discoveries. Science history is rich in "seemingly unrelated observations" just waiting to be logically and causally related to reveal new discoveries.
7
Nersessian, Nancy J. "Interdisciplinarities in Action: Cognitive Ethnography of Bioengineering Sciences Research Laboratories." Perspectives on Science 27, no. 4 (August 2019): 553–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00316.
Full textAbstract:
The paper frames interdisciplinary research as creating complex, distributed cognitive-cultural systems. It introduces and elaborates on the method of cognitive ethnography as a primary means for investigating interdisciplinary cognitive and learning practices in situ. The analysis draws from findings of nearly 20 years of investigating such practices in research laboratories in pioneering bioengineering sciences. It examines goals and challenges of two quite different kinds of integrative problem-solving practices: biomedical engineering (hybridization) and integrative systems biology (collaborative interdependence). Practical lessons for facilitating research and learning in these specific fields are discussed and a preliminary set of interdisciplinary epistemic virtues are proposed as candidates for cultivation in interdisciplinary practices of these kinds more widely.
8
Brenna, Brita. "Clergymen Abiding in the Fields: The Making of the Naturalist Observer in Eighteenth-Century Norwegian Natural History." Science in Context 24, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889711000044.
Full textAbstract:
ArgumentBy the mid-eighteenth century, governors of the major European states promoted the study of nature as part of natural-resource based schemes for improvement and economic self-sufficiency. Procuring beneficial knowledge about nature, however, required observers, collectors, and compilers who could produce usable and useful descriptions of nature. The ways governments promoted scientific explorations varied according to the form of government, the makeup of the civil society, the state's economic ideologies and practices, and the geographical situation. This article argues that the roots of a major natural history initiative in Denmark-Norway were firmly planted in the state-church organization. Through the clergymen and their activities, a bishop, supported by the government in Copenhagen, could gather an impressive collection of natural objects, receive observations and descriptions of natural phenomena, and produce natural historical publications that described for the first time many of the species of the north. Devout naturalists were a common species in the eighteenth century, when clergymen and missionaries involved themselves in the investigation of nature in Europe and far beyond. The specific interest here is in how natural history was supported and enforced as part of clerical practice, how specimen exchange was grafted on to pre-existing institutions of gift exchange, and how this influenced the character of the knowledge produced.
9
Schirrmacher, Arne. "Popular Science as CulturalDispositif: On the German Way of Science Communication in the Twentieth Century." Science in Context 26, no. 3 (July 25, 2013): 473–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988971300015x.
Full textAbstract:
ArgumentGerman twentieth-century history is characterized by stark changes in the political system and the momentous consequences of World Wars I and II. However, instead of uncovering specific kinds or periods of “Kaiserreich science,” “Weimar science,” or “Nazi science” together with their public manifestations and in such a way observing a narrow link between popular science and political orders, this paper tries to exhibit some remarkable stability and continuity in popular science on a longer scale. Thanks to the rich German history of scientific leadership in many fields, broad initiatives for science popularization, and a population and economy open to scientific progress, the media offered particularly rich popular science content, which was diversified for various audiences and interests. Closer consideration of the format, genre, quality, and quantity of popular science, and of the uses and value audiences attributed to it, along with their respective evolution, reveals infrastructures underpinning science communication. Rather than dealing with specific discourses, the conditions of science communication are at the center of this article. Therefore I focus on the institutions, rules, laws, and economies related to popular science, as well as on the philosophical, moral, and national propositions related to it, and also on the interactions among this ensemble of rather heterogeneous elements. This approach allows a machinery of popular scientific knowledge to be identified, in Foucauldian terms adispositif, one which is of a particularly cultural nature.
10
Ярмоліцька, Наталія, and Віталій Туренко. "RESEARCH OF PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS OF BIOLOGY IN THE KYIV WORLDVIEW AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOL IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY." Молодий вчений, no. 11 (99) (November 30, 2021): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2021-11-99-32.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of the the Kyiv worldview and epistemological philosophical school within which the research of philosophical problems of biology in the second half of the XX century took place. The history of the Kyiv School of Philosophy of Biology was reconstructed, the directions and problems of scientific research carried out in Soviet Ukraine in the second half of the XX century were analyzed by representatives of the Ukrainian scientific community from the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Kyiv University. It is established that scientists of the Kyiv School of Philosophy of Biology, on the basis of materialist dialectics, studied evolutionary methods in biology and general methods of natural science, paid attention to the correct understanding of specific features of biological methods of living nature research and correlation with methods of other sciences. in science. This study is aimed at popularizing and disseminating the achievements of the Ukrainian philosophical heritage, their modern scientific vision for further modernization of scientific research and training of specialists in the fields of philosophy, social sciences, humanities and natural sciences.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Philosophy of science (excl. history and philosophy of specific fields)"
1
Briscoe, Mark. "Political realism and American foreign policy." Thesis, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32984/.
Full textAbstract:
America's war in Afghanistan and on Iraq classified as part of the war on terror have
come in the aftermath of the atrocities of September 11, 2001 when America was
attacked by Islamist terrorists. America's response to these attacks, especially the
war on Iraq, has been criticized heavily throughout the world. The U.S. has been
criticized on the basis of morality, in terms of increasing the danger of further attacks
on American soil and by its lack of understanding of the Islamic world. Criticism of
U.S. foreign policy will continue long into the fixture, especially if the U.S. maintains
its status as the only superpower in the world, which is unlikely in the long term,
however we need to understand why America is criticized. The purpose of this thesis is to better understand American foreign policy and why
the U.S. embarks on the policies that it does. This understanding will come by way
of analysing America's stance towards both Afghanistan and Iraq in the last quarter
of a century to see how it has changed in correlation with American needs at the
time. Since the events of 9/11 America has become more aggressive in its foreign
policy stance toward both Afghanistan and Iraq. It has ousted both the Taliban and
the Saddam Hussein regime, with the help of allies, from these respective nations.
This thesis will argue that this is natural given the tenets of political realism. Political
realism is a theory based upon self-interest, power and opportunity. America's policy
towards Afghanistan and Iraq will be intimately tied with these notions, as these
notions have been called upon throughout history. The thesis should be viewed as a
microcosm of the realities of international relations. The essay will discuss different
aspects of International Relations political theory and draw the conclusion that political realism provides the more relevant and stronger theories. I use the word
theories because there exists differing approaches within the nexus of realism,
although core assumptions are maintained. The thesis will explore America's role in
Afghanistan and Iraq in the 1980s as well as in its post 9/11 context. Placed in its
proper context American foreign policy should be seen as something that is natural,
rather than something unique to America.
2
Delaland, Christopher. "The 1950-1951 anti-communist debates and Herb Evatt's paradoxical relationship with civil liberties." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32982/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to outline the paradoxical relationship that Australia's former Attorney
General and Minister for External Affairs, Herbert Vere Evatt had with the preservation of
civil Liberties within Australia during his long and fruitful career.
3
Thiagu, Jay. "The revolution will not be downloaded? (Internet and democratization in Malaysia)." Thesis, 2000. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/33018/.
Full text
4
Jordan, Douglas. "The Trojan Dove? Intelllectual and Religious Peace Activism in the Early Cold War." Thesis, 2004. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/33988/.
Full textAbstract:
The formation of the Austrahan Peace Council (APC) in July 1949 was a direct challenge
to the Cold War ideology that was dominant in Australia at this time. Its advocacy of
peace and its support for international agreements between the major powers drew a
hostile reaction from almost every sector of Australian society. This thesis will examine
the political and historical context for the formation of the APC and the holding of its
first National Peace Congress, in Melbourne, in 1950. In particular, it will focus on the
involvement of the three key groups that were involved in the APC: the religious
activists, the independent activists, and the communist intellectuals. It will argue that
those involved in the APC were motivated by idealistic views, were not Stalin's
'stooges', and were genuinely committed to ending the very real threat of a nuclear war.
5
Bozinovski, Robert. "The Comintern, the Communist Party of Australia and illegality." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32983/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the Communist Party of Australia's (CPA) period of illegality
between 1940 and 1942. This thesis also examines the CPA's relationship to the
Comintern during, and before, World War II. A grasp of that relationship is essential for
understanding the causes of the CPA's proscription.
6
White, Rochelle. "The banning of E.A.H. Laurie at Melbourne Teachers' College, 1944." Thesis, 1997. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32972/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the banning of a communist speaker. Lieutenant E.A.H. Laurie, at
Melbourne Teachers' College in July, 1944 and argues that the decision to ban Laurie
was unwarranted and politically motivated. The banning, which was enforced by the
Minister for Public Instruction, Thomas Tuke Hollway, appears to have been based on
Hollway's firm anti-communist views and political opportunism. A. J. Law, Principal of
the Teachers' College, was also responsible for banning Laurie. However, Law's
decision to ban Laurie was probably directed by Hollway and supported by J. Seitz,
Director of Education.
Books on the topic "Philosophy of science (excl. history and philosophy of specific fields)"
1
Anderson, Miranda, Peter Garratt, and Mark Sprevak, eds. Distributed Cognition in Victorian Culture and Modernism. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442244.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book brings together 11 essays by international specialists in Victorian culture and modernism. The volume opens with a general introduction to distributed cognition that also sets out its relevance to the humanities, followed by a period-specific introduction. The essays revitalise our reading of Victorian and modernist works in the fields of literature, art, philosophy, material culture and the history of science and technology by bringing to bear recent insights in cognitive science and philosophy of mind on the ways in which cognition is distributed across brain, body and world.
2
Anderson, Miranda, George Rousseau, and Michael Wheeler, eds. Distributed Cognition in Enlightenment and Romantic Culture. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442282.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This collection brings together eleven essays by international specialists in Romantic and Enlightenment culture and provides a general and a period-specific introduction to distributed cognition and the cognitive humanities. The essays revitalise our reading of Romantic and Enlightenment works in the fields of archaeology, history, drama, literature, art, philosophy, science and medicine, by bringing to bear recent insights in cognitive science and philosophy of mind on the ways in which cognition is distributed across brain, body and world. The volume makes evident the ways in which the particular range of sociocultural and technological contexts that existed during the long eighteenth century periods fostered and reflected particular notions of distributed cognition.
Book chapters on the topic "Philosophy of science (excl. history and philosophy of specific fields)"
1
Menin, Marco. "Introduction." In Thinking About Tears, 1–18. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864277.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Introduction considers the privileged status of tears in the imaginary of the long eighteenth century in France before outlining the book’s central contribution to an already rich and fulsome field. First, it summarizes the most significant contributions to thinking about crying in the French early modern period, work stemming from the history of emotion but also adjacent and intersecting fields. Second, it underlines how the study of the phenomenon of crying represents a significant stage in the decisive process of ‘creating’ the modern notion of emotion, both conceptually and lexically. Finally, it presents the method and innovations this study introduces in relation to the current state of the art. The main methodological advancement is emphasizing the crucial role that the history of ideas in general, and the history of philosophy more specifically, can play in the field of emotions history. This specific point of view allows us to (1) investigate in further depth the role that emotion may play in the foundations of morality, (2) better understand the workings of sensibility, a faculty the description of which inevitably lies at the intersection of philosophy, literature, and science, (3) reveal the synergy between medical and philosophical thought so typical of the eighteenth century, and (4) gain new insight into the thought of foundational early-modern thinkers by looking at their understanding of emotional tears.