Relevant bibliographies by topics / Philosophy of natural Religion

Academic literature on the topic 'Philosophy of natural Religion'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Philosophy of natural Religion"

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O’Regan, Cyril. "Newman on Natural and Revealed Religion." American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 94, no. 1 (2020): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpq20209412.

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This essay reflects on Newman’s famous analyses of natural and revealed religion and their relation in the tenth and final chapter of the Grammar of Assent. There are two lines of reflection, the first internalist, the second externalist. On the first front, the essay draws attention to how conscience plays a foundational role in Newman’s discussion of natural religion and how it helps to distinguish it from the “religion of civilization,” which Newman considers to be a rationalist substitute for the real religion. If natural religion is structurally grounded in conscience, it is historically illustrated in paganism and primitive religions to the extent to which these come to light in the modern age. Crucially, natural religion has significant content that is endorsed and recalibrated in revealed religion. It uncovers God as Judge and discloses humanity both to be under judgment and hoping for reconciliation through a mediator. The second and more externalist line of reflection draws attention to how Bishop Joseph Butler’s classic Analogy of Religion (1736) provides the basic frame for Newman’s reflection on natural and revealed religion and their relation.
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Crowe, Benjamin D. "Hutcheson on Natural Religion." British Journal for the History of Philosophy 19, no. 4 (July 2011): 711–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2011.583419.

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Kroeker, Esther Engels, and Willem Lemmens. "Is religion natural?" International Journal of Philosophy and Theology 81, no. 4 (August 7, 2020): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21692327.2020.1757491.

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Murillo, José Ignacio. "Religión, razón y convivencia. Entrevista a Rémi Brague." Anuario Filosófico 40, no. 3 (September 18, 2018): 575–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/009.40.29248.

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Prof. Brague explores in this interview the usefulness of the study of medieval thought in order to understand the problems of our time. He reflects on the different approaches to reason, politics and religion in Islam and Christianity, and the problems which derivate from the radical modern separation between society and religion. Is it correct to ascribe the casuse of social conflicts to religion or to a strong rationality? Is it possible in the long run to build a society without any religion? Why is the notion of natural law controversial in modern times? And what is the relation between natural law and the law of God, as proposed by certain religions?
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Hahn, Karl. "“The Mystical is Everything Speculative”." Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 91 (2017): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpaproc2019102294.

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Hegel is a towering figure in modern philosophy, and he is interestingly a thinker for whom philosophical modernity and traditional religion are necessary partners in the pursuit of shared truth. In this paper, I use Hegel’s unique rendition on natural theology as a test-case for examining the intersection of traditional Christian religion and Idealist reason in Hegel’s philosophical modernity. Specifically, I raise the question of whether Hegel’s philosophy of religion is faithful to what philosopher William Desmond has called the “religious between,” within which God exists as superior, transcendent other to the finite human being existing in created dependence on Him. I argue that Hegel’s Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion contain a German idealist conception of natural theology that counterfeits this “between” by subordinating it to a pseudo-mystical quest for noetic union with God that obliterates what should be the irreducible difference between the human and the divine essence.
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Spiegel, Thomas J. "Is religion natural? Religion, naturalism and near-naturalism." International Journal of Philosophy and Theology 81, no. 4 (August 7, 2020): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21692327.2020.1749717.

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Findlen, Paula, and Nicholas H. Clulee. "John Dee's Natural Philosophy: Between Science and Religion." Sixteenth Century Journal 22, no. 1 (1991): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2542050.

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Papa, Stefano. "The end of all things. Kant and Cohen on religion and reason." SHS Web of Conferences 161 (2023): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316105002.

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According to Kant’s concept of natural religion, the moral concept of God consists in the coordinated aggregate of the concepts of holiness, goodness and justice. I argue that this concept can be used to define a critical account of religion’s role within the public sphere. In order to do so, I refer to Hermann Cohen’s philosophy of religion. Cohen undertakes to explicate a concept of religion as progress toward the “dominion of the good on earth”, especially in relation to Kant’s ideas of natural religion and ethical community. It is inferred that Cohen’s difference between progress in religion and religious progress opens a path to a definition of religion as pre-institution (religion without religion). The goal is to make the concept of religion distinct in the tradition of critical philosophy and its logic. I argue that the emancipatory project of Kantian public reason presupposes a set of rules defining the translation from postulates (Kant’s rational theism) to problems and assignments. Since natural religion is a pure practical concept of reason, religions are subject to moral evaluation. The latter being guided by the pragmatic maxim of overcoming logical and moral egoism, means that any community, even many communities at once (different cultures) can occasionally represent an ethical community, if not in the sense that an ethical community is constituted.
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Graham, Gordon. "Hume and Smith on Natural Religion." Philosophy 91, no. 3 (December 9, 2015): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003181911500056x.

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AbstractThe prominence of David Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion in contemporary philosophy of religion has led it to overshadow his other short work, The Natural History of Religion, and thus obscure the fact that the social psychology of religion was in many ways of greater interest and more widely debated among the philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment than philosophical theology. This paper examines and compares the social psychology of religion advanced by Hume and Adam Smith. It argues that Hume's account of the psychological sources and social significance of religion is less satisfactory than Smith's.
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Polyakov, Andrey. "Religious philosophy of Thomas Chubb." St.Tikhons' University Review 101 (June 30, 2022): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi2022101.45-56.

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The article presents a brief biography of the little-studied British deist Thomas Chubb (1679-1747) and a reconstruction of his ideas about capabilities of human mind. The goal of this article is to study the religious philosophy of T. Chubb that Russian studies does not distinguish from ideas of other deists. That is why the idea of the phenomenon of deism is still less clear in relation to foreign studies. The article analyzes and presents Chubbs concepts about the independence of religious truths from human perception, that are presented in «Discourse concerning Reason, with Regard to Religion and Divine Revelation» (1733) and «An Enquiry into the Ground and Foundation of Religion». The article documents that the English philosopher formulated three "author's" truths of natural religion: there is an initial difference between objects, independent of human perception; this distinction is the basis for human behavior; God made these foundations a moral rule for all people and for himself. The work identifies and analyzes the definition of the phenomenon of "deism" in Chubb's treatises, as well as an assessment of his philosophy in the context of this definition – the natural religion of reason or belief and just and sense of a Deity impressed upon the mind, and is the governing principle of a man’s-affections and actions. The correlation of the ideas of Thomas Chubb and Matthew Tindal is analyzed. At the end of the article, a brief conclusion is made about the place of T. Chubbs philosophy to deism in general. The author of this work believes that despite the absence of references to other deists by the English philosopher, the ideas of this thinker fit into their religious and philosophical system, specifically about the issue of understanding natural religion. The sources of this article are treaties «The Sufficiency of Reason in Matters of Religion, Farther Considered» (1732), «Discourse concerning Reason, with Regard to Religion and Divine Revelation» (1733), «Some reflections upon the comparative excellency and usefulness of moral and positive duties» (1733), «The true Gospel of Jesus Christ Asserted»(1741) and several other treatises.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Philosophy of natural Religion"

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Stewart, William. "Kierkegaard & Natural Religion." TopSCHOLAR®, 1988. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2882.

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According to Kierkegaard, the knowledge of God begins with the recognition of various truths about oneself. Every individual, just by virtue of being human, has the capacity to develop an intuitive awareness of God. In this thesis, I explore the nature of this knowledge. In chapter one, I introduce a number of ideas important for understanding Kierkegaard's phenomenology of religious belief, including his distinction between objective and subjective reflection, his method (indirect communication), and his psychology. The first chapter concludes with a description of the range or domain of "natural religion." In the next chapter, I analyze the structural or formative elements of natural religion, the awakening of a God -relationship in the extremity of selfknowledge (an individual's awareness of the eternal, infinite, and possible aspects of the human "self"). In the final chapter, I explore two related peculiarities in Kierkegaard's treatment of religious knowledge: his contempt for inductive or probabilistic arguments, and his suggestion that the existence of God can become clear to a person with a different kind of certainty. I argue that although he overstates his polemic against theistic arguments, Kierkegaard is nonetheless correct in his account of the proper ground of belief in God. I conclude by juxtaposing Kierkegaard's views on belief in God with those of twentieth century probabilistic theologians and atheologians, as well as the "Reformed Epistemology" of Alvin Plantinga.
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Ibrahim, Bilal. "Freeing philosophy from metaphysics: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī's philosophical approach to the study of natural phenomena." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116945.

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This dissertation examines the views of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1210) as advanced in his two major philosophical works, al-Mabāḥith al-Mashriqiyya and al-Mulakhkhaṣ fī al-Ḥikma. It argues that Rāzī seeks to develop a philosophical programme that provides an alternative to the Aristotelian theory of scientific knowledge. The work is divided into two parts. Part I reconstructs the central components of Rāzī's logical system, including his theory of universals, his view of the role of definitions in philosophical analysis, and the alternative theory of predication that he advances in place of Aristotle's theory of predication. Part I focuses on the epistemological and logical programme that, in Rāzī's view, should precede the analysis of problems in the philosophical or post-logical part of the Mabāḥith and Mulakhkhaṣ (namely, Books I to III of both works). Part I consists of four chapters and a background discussion. The background discussion examines aspects of the Aristotelian theory of demonstrative science and Avicenna's interpretation of the Aristotelian theory, focusing on the nature of per se predication. Chapter 1 assesses the epistemological principles and views that Rāzī sets out in logic. Rāzī's discussion underscores a number of problematic epistemological assumptions in the Aristotelian theory of definition and concept acquisition, which he believes should not encroach on the logical analysis. Chapter 2 focuses on Rāzī's critique of per se predication on which demonstrative science is based and the alternative theory of predication that he advances. His alternative theory is based on the notion of "structured universals" as opposed to essences and per se properties. Chapter 3 examines Rāzī's critique of real definitions and assesses his view of nominal definitions. Rāzī advances nominal definitions as the alternative to real definitions. Chapter 4 examines how Rāzī's epistemological and logical programme informs his restructuring of philosophical discourse. I argue that the organization and order of the Mabāḥith and Mulakhkhaṣ are based on the alternative approach that he advances, which no longer preserves the standard ordering of the Aristotelian sciences. Here, metaphysics, construed as the highest science in the Aristotelian scientific system, no longer occupies a privileged position. Foundational ontological positions – such as, form-matter analysis, the theory of the four causes, or even atomism – are no longer presumed in the analysis of the nature of sensible objects, which Rāzī takes up in the lengthy Book II of the Mabāḥith and Mulakhkhaṣ. I conclude Part I with a postscript that examines aspects of the nature of Aristotelian logic, particularly in authors preceding Avicenna. Part II consists of two chapters, which examine his philosophical positions that follow, and are based on, his logical analysis, focusing primarily on views set out in Books I and II. Chapter 5 examines ontological problems relating to Avicenna's doctrine of the quiddity and Aristotelian form-matter analysis. It consists of a close textual analysis of a number of Rāzī's chapters in Book I of the Mabāḥith. I attempt to show that Rāzī read Avicenna's texts quite closely and that he sharply departs from Avicenna on central ontological questions. I argue that Rāzī's departure is informed by the philosophical programme that he advances in logic. Chapter 6 examines core elements of Rāzī's epistemology and psychology. The chapter expands on a number of epistemological problems that were only pointed out in his logical analysis, such as his rejection of the theory of mental forms. I argue that a core motivation for Rāzī's opposition to the Avicennan theory of mental forms derives from Rāzī's views on optics. Rāzī opposes the Avicennan theory of the "impression" of sensible forms (simulacra) and suggests that the perception of complex sensible forms involve processes that are more mind-dependent than allowed for by Avicenna's theory.
Cette thèse examine la pensée de Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (m. 1210) telle que déployée dans ses deux œuvres philosophiques majeures, al-Mabāḥith al-Mashriqiyya et al-Mulakhkhaṣ fī al-Ḥikma. J'y avance l'idée que Rāzī entend développer un programme philosophique offrant une alternative à la théorie aristotélicienne de la connaissance scientifique. Elle s'articule en deux parties. La première restitue les composantes centrales du système de logique de Rāzī, y compris sa théorie des universaux, ses positions sur le rôle et la nature des définitions dans l'analyse philosophique ainsi que sa propre théorie de la prédication qui se propose de remplacer son équivalent aristotélicien. Cette première partie se concentre sur les programmes épistémologique et logique qui, selon Rāzī, doivent précéder l'analyse des problèmes développés dans les parties philosophique ou post-logique des Mabāḥith et du Mulakhkhaṣ (c'est-à-dire les Livres I à III dans ces deux œuvres). Cette première partie inclut quatre chapitres précédés d'une discussion préliminaire. Le but de cette introduction est d'examiner certains aspects de la théorie aristotélicienne de la science démonstrative et son interprétation par Avicenne, particulièrement concernant la prédication per se. Le premier chapitre évalue les principes épistémologiques et les positions que Rāzī pose en logique. L'analyse avancée par Rāzī souligne un certain nombre de présupposés épistémologiques problématiques de la théorie aristotélicienne de la définition et de l'acquisition des concepts, qui, selon lui ne devraient pas s'immiscer dans l'analyse logique. Le second chapitre se concentre sur la critique razienne de la prédication per se, sur laquelle se fonde la science démonstrative, et sur la théorie de la prédication que ce dernier propose en lieu et place de cette dernière. Cette théorie alternative est fondée sur des « universaux structurés » plutôt que sur des essences et des propriétés per se. Le troisième chapitre examine la critique formulée par Rāzī contre les définitions réelles et analyse ses positions sur les définitions nominales qu'il propose comme alternatives aux premières. Le quatrième chapitre examine la manière dont le programme épistémologique et logique de Rāzī informe sa restructuration du discours philosophique. Je défends l'idée que l'organisation et l'ordre des Mabāḥith et du Mulakhkhaṣ s'appuient sur l'approche alternative qu'il propose qui ne conserve plus la hiérarchie habituelle des sciences que l'on trouve chez Aristote. La métaphysique n'occupe plus la position première et privilégiée qu'elle a dans le système scientifique aristotélicien. Des positions ontologiques fondamentales, telles que les formulations forme-matière, la théorie des quatre causes ou même l'atomisme ne sont plus présupposés dans l'analyse de la nature des objets sensibles.La seconde partie se subdivise en deux chapitres et examine les positions philosophiques de Rāzī qui découlent et sont fondées sur son analyse de la logique. Je m'y concentre principalement sur les positions avancées dans les livres I et II. Le premier de ces deux chapitres (chapitre 5 de la thèse), examine des problèmes ontologiques liés à la doctrine avicennienne de la quiddité et à l'analyse forme-matière chez Aristote. Le dernier chapitre examine des éléments au cœur de l'épistémologie et de la psychologie de Rāzī. Ce chapitre débouche sur un certain nombre de problèmes épistémologiques, tels que son rejet de la théorie des formes mentales, qui ne sont qu'évoquées rapidement dans son analyse de la logique. Je défends l'idée que l'une des motivations centrales de l'opposition de Rāzī à Avicenne découle de sa pensée sur l'optique. Rāzī s'oppose à la théorie avicennienne de l'« impression » des formes sensibles (simulacra) et avance l'idée que la perception des formes sensibles complexes implique des processus qui dépendent plus de l'esprit que ne le permet la théorie avicennienne.
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Johnson, Larissa Kate History &amp Philosophy Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Kaleidoscopic natural theology: the dynamics of natural theological discourse in seventeenth and early eighteenth-century England." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. History & Philosophy, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44831.

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In the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, there was a close connection between natural philosophy and theology. However, this connection was neither essential nor intrinsic, but was open to discussion and negotiation, and natural theology played an important role in these negotiations. While there is already a great deal of literature concerned with natural theology from two distinct academic disciplines???history of science and history of religion???neither set of literature has adequately grasped the nature of the tradition, leading to conflicting claims about its historical origin. In addition, the close connection between natural and revealed theology evident in the works of orthodox Christians in early modern England has been frequently overlooked. This thesis, then, is a contribution to discussions of the relations between theology and natural philosophy in early modern England. Its main purpose is to develop and test a theoretical model of natural theology, designed to overcome some of the limitations of existing approaches. According to this model, a tradition of natural theology only emerged in England in the seventeenth century, due to the theological and natural philosophical turmoil of the Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Revolution, although it was not without precedents. This tradition of natural theology was apologetically focused, providing arguments in favour of religious doctrines originally derived from revelation. Natural theology was a dynamic discourse, which may be represented by the metaphor of a kaleidoscope, in which resources chosen from natural philosophy and theology were combined and refracted according to the pre-existing views of the practitioner as well as the contextual challenges to which he was responding. By employing a variety of resources from both natural philosophy and theology, natural theology could function as a kind of mediator between these two neighbouring traditions. This model will be tested against a range of historical case studies that represent the moments in the historical trajectory of natural theology at which output of the discourse became more concentrated, due to renewed upheaval within and between theology and natural philosophy.
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Pearse, Harry John. "Natural philosophy and theology in seventeenth-century England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/263362.

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This thesis explores the disciplinary relationship between natural philosophy (the study of nature or body) and theology (the study of the divine) in seventeenth-century England. Early modern disciplines had two essential functions. First, they set the rules and boundaries of argument – knowledge was therefore legitimised and made intelligible within disciplinary contexts. And second, disciplines structured pedagogy, parcelling knowledge so it could be studied and taught. This dual role meant disciplines were epistemic and social structures. They were composed of various elements, and consequently, they related to one another in a variety of complex ways. As such, the contestability of early modern knowledge was reflected in contestability of disciplines – their content and boundaries. Francis Bacon, Thomas White, Henry More and John Locke are the focus of the four chapters respectively, with Joseph Glanvill, Thomas Hobbes, other Cambridge divines, and a variety of medieval scholastic authors providing context, comparison and reinforcement. These case studies offer a cross-section of seventeenth-century thought and belief; they embody different professional and institutional interests, and represent an array of philosophical, theological and religious positions. Nevertheless, each of them, in different ways, and to different effect, put the relationship between natural philosophy and theology at the heart of their intellectual endeavours. Together, they demonstrate that, in seventeenth-century England, natural philosophy and theology were in flux, and that their disciplinary relationship was complex, entailing degrees of overlap and alienation. Primarily, natural philosophy and theology investigated the nature and constitution of the world, and, together, determined the relationship between its constituent parts – natural and divine. However, they also reflected the scope of man’s cognitive faculties, establishing which bits of the world were knowable, and outlining the grounds for, and appropriate degrees of, certainty and belief. Thus, both disciplines, and their relationship with one another, contributed to broad discussions about, truth, certainty and opinion. This, in turn, established normative guidelines. To some extent, the rightness or wrongness of belief and behaviour was determined by particular definitions of, and relationship between, natural philosophy and theology. Consequently, man’s place in the world – his relationship with nature, God and his fellow man – was triangulated through these disciplines.
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Williams, Damien P. "A Description of the Natural Place of Magic in Philosophy and Religious Studies." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/37.

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The concept of magic is most often considered as a foil by scholars in the fields of philosophy and religious studies, or it is discussed as part of the investigation of “primitive” systems of belief and ritual. In this essay, magic is investigated as a system of inquiry and explanation unto itself, connected to but distinct from both philosophy and religious studies, and an argument is presented for understanding systems of magic as both natural and rational outgrowths of a particular perspective on reality.
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Zwez, Kimberly. "Hegel's Critique of Contingency in Kant's Principle of Teleology." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1194.

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This research is a historical-exegetical analysis of Hegel’s reformulation of Kant’s regulative principle of teleology into a constitutive principle. Kant ascribes teleology to the faculty of reflective judgment where it is employed as a guide to regulate inquiry, but does not constitute actual knowledge. Hegel argues that if Kant made teleology into a constitutive principle then it would be a much more comprehensive theory capable of overcoming contingency in natural science, and hence, bridging the gap between natural science and theology. In this paper I argue that Hegel’s defense of the transition from natural science to theology is ultimately unsuccessful because it is built upon on an instinct of reason, which is the instinctive feature of human rationality to transition beyond the contingency remaining in our empirical understanding of nature, to a theological understanding of nature, in which all aspects of nature are necessarily related.
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Boyd, Craig. "Natural Law & Right Reason in the Moral Theory of St. Thomas Aquinas." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2157.

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A major problem with current discussions on the moral theory of St. Thomas Aquinas is the fact that many interpreters present Thomas's thought as a natural-law morality. While natural law is an element of Thomas's moral theory, it plays a subordinate role to the virtue of prudence. The natural law interpreters of St. Thomas's moral theory hold that (1) natural law is the dominant element, (2) natural law can be treated in isolation from Thomas's account of virtue, and (3) the principles of natural law make Thomas's moral theory abstract and deontological. These interpretations rarely consider the virtue of prudence. Natural law, in Thomas's moral theory, makes general statements about human nature and also sets the parameters for morally good human activity. However, it fails to function adequately on the level of an agent's particular moral problems. The general precepts of natural law do not function as proximate principles of human action. But the special function of moral virtue is to provide the agent with the necessary proximate principles of human action. Virtue is an acquired disposition of the soul that functions as a proximate principle of action. Holding a special place in Thomas's moral theory, prudence is primary among the moral virtues. It is defined as "right reason concerning things to be done." Prudence holds a middle place between he intellectual virtues and the moral virtues. It requires right thinking about moral matters, but it also requires the possession of a right appetite. This essay includes some discussion of human nature, as ethics is subordinated to psychology. Furthermore, we must show how the human agent engages in moral activity, and this requires discussing the psychological processes involved in human action. It is my purpose to explore the functions of natural law and virtue and to take account of the relationship between them in Thomas's moral theory. After establishing a proper understanding of Thomas's view, it will be clear that the natural-law interpreters have missed a crucial element in his ethical theory.
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Zhong, Xinzi. "A reconstruction of Zhū Xī's religious philosophy inspired by Leibniz: the natural theology of heaven." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/112.

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This dissertation is aimed to set up a Confucian-style religious philosophy on the basis of Zhū Xī’s ideas. It seeks to articulate and highlight what has existed previously in some form in Zhū Xī’s Confucianism in a language which appears to be more precise for modern readers. Leibniz’s interpretations of Chinese philosophy and culture, as well as many resources in his own philosophy and Christian theology, serve to promote the realization of this aim. Zhū Xī’s religious philosophy in our reconstruction is a philosophy containing a theology of Heaven at its core, and this theology is certainly not a revealed one. These following issues are covered: 1) a theology of deities, 2) a metaphysics of the supreme being (Heaven), 3) an appropriate treatment of the ontology of lǐ2 and qì in relation to Heaven, and 4) a suitable interpretation of transcendence and immanence within human beings. The dissertation has three major parts. The first part is to argue that the worship of Heaven is special and superior to any reverence contained in the “polytheism” (which is finally philosophized by Zhū Xī as the reverence towards manifold pneuma) revealed in the Confucian sacrificial system. At the same time, it explores how the faith in various spirits or deities can be consistent with a belief in Heaven. The second part shows that it is fundamental to see Zhū Xī’s Heaven as a substance, so that one is able to attribute to it qualities and properties, even before there is any decision about whether or not to regard Heaven as a person. Among Heaven’s qualities, we choose its work (gōng) and virtuousness (dé) as its most prominent features to expound. In the light of Heaven’s virtuousness, a theodicy of Heaven is constructed. The third part is devoted to a discussion of the nature of human beings as well as of our fellows in the natural world, especially in relation to Heaven. Zhū Xī offers two perspectives for understanding humanness: one by studying the nature of xīn (“heart-mind”), and the other, the composite nature of hún-pò (or guǐ-shén, “souls”). We choose to plunge into the latter perspective, something comparable with Leibniz’s theories of soul. In the concluding chapter major features or facets of this reconstruction of Zhū Xī’s religious philosophy and its relevance to modern times are stated in a concise and relatively bold way.
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Evans, Marcus. "Shinto: An Experience of Being at Home in the World With Nature and With Others." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1343.

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This study discloses Shinto’s experiential and existential significance and aims to articulate Shinto’s sacred objective. It shows that Shinto, by way of experience, communicates being in the world with nature and with others as a sacred objective. This suggests that Shinto, in communicating its objective, appeals to the emotions more so than to the intellect; and that Shinto’s sacred objective does not transcend the natural world of both nature and everyday affairs. This study pursues this goal by showing the experiential and existential dimensions of the three primary features of Shinto: it shows how kami (or kami-ness) is thought of as an awe producing quality of being/s that are mostly associated with the natural world; how Shinto shrines’ aesthetics and atmosphere are thought to evoke a feeling of the natural world’s sacredness; and how festivals are thought to be ecstatic and effervescent occasions that regenerate an affirmation of being in the world with others. Though this study does not employ a strict methodological approach—insofar as the conclusions herein are based primarily on literature review—it was motivated by an existential outlook on the study of religion and assumes that the term “religion” refers primarily to an existential phenomenon that pertains not necessarily to socio-historical institutions but to a way of being in the world.
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Sitek, Jessica Lynn. "DUALISM VS. MATERIALISM; TWO INADEQUATE PICTURES OF HUMAN NATURE." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/94023.

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Religion
M.A.
This discussion aims to demonstrate how the project of identifying the nature of humanity is ongoing. The dominant models have their own flaws to contend with, and in the end we are still left uncertain of what constitutes our nature. Of the two views vying for prominence (dualism vs. materialism) neither is indubitable, nevertheless their are faithful proponents on each side. In a debate of belief vs. theory we see these seemingly disparate realms come together in a resignation to faith that their option is an adequate representation of human nature.
Temple University--Theses
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Books on the topic "Philosophy of natural Religion"

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Wilfried, Schröder, ed. Natural science, philosophy, and religion =: Naturwissenschaft, Philosophie und Religion. [Bremen]: Science Edition, 2006.

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Robert, Seeley John. Natural religion. 3rd ed. Boston: Roberts, 1985.

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A, Gaskin J. C., and Hume David 1711-1776, eds. Dialogues concerning natural religion ; and, The natural history of religion. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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A, Gaskin J. C., and Hume David 1711-1776, eds. Principal writings on religion: Including Dialogues concerning natural religion and The natural history of religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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1942-, Tweyman Stanley, ed. Hume on natural religion. Bristol, England: Thoemmes Press, 1996.

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James, Fieser, ed. The natural history of religion. New York, N.Y: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1992.

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David, Hume. Dialogues concerning natural religion. Ann Arbor, Mich: Caravan Books, 2000.

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David, Hume. Dialogues concerning natural religion. 2nd ed. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006.

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David, Hume. Dialogues concerning natural religion. 2nd ed. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006.

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David, Hume. Dialogues concerning natural religion. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Philosophy of natural Religion"

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Rossiter, Elliot. "From Experimental Natural Philosophy to Natural Religion." In Experiment, Speculation and Religion in Early Modern Philosophy, 184–203. 1 [edition]. | New York : Taylor & Francis, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in seventeenth-century philosophy ; 18: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429022463-9.

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Gaskin, J. C. A. "Scepticism and Natural Belief." In Hume’s Philosophy of Religion, 108–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18936-6_6.

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Gaskin, J. C. A. "God and Natural Order." In Hume’s Philosophy of Religion, 120–31. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18936-6_7.

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Cheung, Kin. "Miracle as Natural: A Contemporary Chinese American Religious Healer." In Comparative Philosophy of Religion, 131–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14865-1_8.

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Simonutti, Luisa. "Spinoza and Boyle: Rational Religion and Natural Philosophy." In Religion, Reason and Nature in Early Modern Europe, 117–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9777-7_7.

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Kodalle, Klaus-Michael. "Covenant: Hobbes’s Philosophy of Religion and his Political System ‘More Geometrico’." In Hobbes’s ‘Science of Natural Justice’, 223–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3485-6_16.

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Bertolotti, Tommaso. "Natural Religion, Models, and the Invention of Supernatural Beings." In Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, 191–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17786-1_10.

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Wambari, K. "Environment, Attitudes Toward Natural." In Encyclopedia of African Religions and Philosophy, 200–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2068-5_121.

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Ching, Julia. "Freedom and the Natural: Taoism as Religious Philosophy." In Chinese Religions, 85–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22904-8_6.

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Jakapi, Roomet. "Early Modern Natural Philosophy Allied with Revealed Religion: Boyle and Whiston." In Issues in Science and Religion: Publications of the European Society for the Study of Science and Theology, 233–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31182-7_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Philosophy of natural Religion"

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Khitruk, Ekaterina. "Публичное и частное в философии религии Ричарда Рорти." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-14.

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The article covers the religious conception in the work of the famous American philosopher Richard Rorty. The author emphasises the secular and finalist views of R. Rorty on the nature of religion, and on the philosopher’s gradual perception of the need for their creative reinterpretation due to the actualisation of the role of religion in intellectual and political spheres. The article uncovers two fundamental constituents of Richard Rorty’s religious philosophy. The first of them is associated with R. Rorty’s perception of the ‘weak thinking’ concept in the writings of Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo. R. Rorty holds ‘weak thinking’ and ‘kenosis’ to be the key to understanding the possibility of religion in the postmodern era. The second aspect concerns the existence of religion in the public space. Here the distinction between ‘strong’ narratives and ‘weak’ thinking correlates with the politically significant distinction between ‘strong’ religious institutions and private (parish, community) religious practice. Rorty believes that the activity of ‘strong’ religious structures threatens liberal ‘social hope’ on the gradual democratisation of mankind. The article concludes that Richard Rorty’s philosophy of religion presents an original conception of religion in the context of modern temporal humanism; the concept positively evaluates religious experience to the extent that it does not become a basis for theoretical and political manipulations on the part of ‘strong’ religious institutes.
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Danielyan, Naira. "Co-evolution of Human Society and Nature Through the Noosphere Concept." In The Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy 202. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2187-476x.2021.6.

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Ferreira da Cunha, Paulo. "Natural Law: classic and modern?" In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws99_01.

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Storti, Riccardo C. "The natural philosophy of fundamental particles." In Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri, Al F. Kracklauer, and Katherine Creath. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.725545.

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Storti, Riccardo C. "The natural philosophy of the cosmos (B)." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri, Al F. Kracklauer, and Andrei Yu Khrennikov. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.822657.

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Cooper, S. Barry. "From natural philosophy to computation, and back again." In NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2012: International Conference of Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4756208.

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Kartika Imanuella, Susia, and M. Yoesoef. "Tradition and Religion in the Blood Show of Tongkonan." In International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009903900002480.

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Geçimli, Meryem, and Mehmet Nuhoğlu. "CULTURE – HOUSE RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY: EVALUATION ON EXAMPLES." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/29.

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There are close relationships between the cultural structures of societies and residential areas. The place where the society chooses to live and the ways it is organized is an expression of the cultural structure. Traditional houses are accepted as the most obvious indicator of this situation. One of the ways of preserving cultural sustainability today is to read the design principles of these houses correctly. Culture is about what kind of environment people live in and how they live. Human behaviors are based on cultural references. Religion, view of life and perceptions of the environment are both dialectically shaped culture and shaped by culture. Culture is about where and how human meets his needs throughout his life. It can be said that culture is one of the basic factors that direct human behavior and life. Therefore, the cultural embedding of sustainability thought is important in shaping the world in which future generations will live. Regarding various cultures in the literature; the structure of the society, their way of life and how they shape their places of residence, etc. there are many studies. The riches that each culture possesses are considered to be indisputable. These important studies are mostly based on an in-depth analysis of that culture, concentrating on a single specific culture. In this study, it is aimed to make a more holistic analysis by examining more than one culture. Thanks to this holistic perspective, it is thought that it will be possible to make inferences that can be considered as common to all societies. This study, which especially focuses on Asian and African societies, is the tendency of these societies to maintain their cultural structure compared to other societies. The reflections of cultural practices on residential spaces are examined through various examples. The dialectical structure of Berber houses, integration of Chinese houses with natural environmental references, Toroja houses associated with the genealogy in Indonesia, etc. examples will be examined in the context of cultural sustainability in this study. With this holistic approach, where the basic philosophy of cultural sustainability can be obtained, important references can be obtained in the design of today's residences. This paper was produced from an incomplete PhD dissertation named Evaluation of Cultural Sustainability in the Application of House Design at Yildiz Technical University, Social Sciences Institution, Art and Design Program
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PROSPERI, G. M. "NATURAL SCIENCES AND HUMAN SCIENCES." In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International Academy of the Philosophy of Science. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812799593_0008.

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И.В., Макарьев,. "Philosophy and public space: natural harmony or insurmountable contradictions?" In Современное образование: векторы развития. Социально-гуманитарное знание и общество: материалы VII конференции с международным участием, посвященной 150-летию МПГУ (г. Москва, МПГУ, 21–22 апреля 2022 г.). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37492/etno.2022.20.98.039.

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Reports on the topic "Philosophy of natural Religion"

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Tyson, Paul. Climate Change Mitigation and Human Flourishing: Recovering Teleology, Avoiding Tyranny. Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp5.

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It is most unlikely that adjusting to a 1.5 to 2 degree hotter world is possible within the prevailing political and economic norms of our times. In our post-capitalist times we need to modify modern technological market “liberalism” (which has become, actually, techno-feudalism). If we do not modify our present norms, the collapse of the natural means of power and privilege native to our present world order makes it almost inevitable that democratic liberalism will devolve further into a distinctly anti-liberal species of techno-tyranny. To avoid such a dystopian future, this paper explores how we might re-imagine our global politico-economic norms without embracing techno-tyranny. The argument put forward is that modern liberalism makes the means of personal wealth accumulation and private freedom, the end of public life. This confusion of means with ends implies, ironically, that if our means become unviable, we have no way of aiming at valuable human ends by different means. We have a culturally assumed faulty teleology in political economics and in our philosophy of technology. A revised form of Aristotle’s teleology is proposed whereby an understanding of common human flourishing defines human ends, and where a range of new means could then be pursued to achieve that end, respecting the natural limitations on means that are now upon us.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.

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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).
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Makhachashvili, Rusudan K., Svetlana I. Kovpik, Anna O. Bakhtina, and Ekaterina O. Shmeltser. Technology of presentation of literature on the Emoji Maker platform: pedagogical function of graphic mimesis. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3864.

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The article deals with the technology of visualizing fictional text (poetry) with the help of emoji symbols in the Emoji Maker platform that not only activates students’ thinking, but also develops creative attention, makes it possible to reproduce the meaning of poetry in a succinct way. The application of this technology has yielded the significance of introducing a computer being emoji in the study and mastering of literature is absolutely logical: an emoji, phenomenologically, logically and eidologically installed in the digital continuum, is separated from the natural language provided by (ethno)logy, and is implicitly embedded into (cosmo)logy. The technology application object is the text of the twentieth century Cuban poet José Ángel Buesa. The choice of poetry was dictated by the appeal to the most important function of emoji – the expression of feelings, emotions, and mood. It has been discovered that sensuality can reconstructed with the help of this type of meta-linguistic digital continuum. It is noted that during the emoji design in the Emoji Maker program, due to the technical limitations of the platform, it is possible to phenomenologize one’s own essential-empirical reconstruction of the lyrical image. Creating the image of the lyrical protagonist sign, it was sensible to apply knowledge in linguistics, philosophy of language, psychology, psycholinguistics, literary criticism. By constructing the sign, a special emphasis was placed on the facial emogram, which also plays an essential role in the transmission of a wide range of emotions, moods, feelings of the lyrical protagonist. Consequently, the Emoji Maker digital platform allowed to create a new model of digital presentation of fiction, especially considering the psychophysiological characteristics of the lyrical protagonist. Thus, the interpreting reader, using a specific digital toolkit – a visual iconic sign (smile) – reproduces the polylaterial metalinguistic multimodality of the sign meaning in fiction. The effectiveness of this approach is verified by the poly-functional emoji ousia, tested on texts of fiction.
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