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Journal articles on the topic 'Philosophy, Italian – 16th century'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Bellusci, David. "Gasparo Contarini: From Scholasticism to Renaissance Humanism." Études maritainiennes / Maritain Studies 26 (2010): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/maritain2010263.

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This paper examines the shift from Scholasticism to Renaissance humanism by focussing on the Italian humanist, Gasparo Contarini (1483-1542). The politico-religious climate of 15th-16th century Italy represents the arena in which Contarini developed his philosophy. His studies at the University of Padova where Padovan Aristotelianism dominated reflected the basis of his intellectual formation. The Platonic revival of Renaissance Italy also made its way into Contarini’s humanist philosophy.

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2

LÉVY, TONY. "L'ALGÈBRE ARABE DANS LES TEXTES HÉBRAÏQUES (II). DANS L'ITALIE DES XVe ET XVIe SIÈCLES, SOURCES ARABES ET SOURCES VERNACULAIRES." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 17, no. 1 (February 12, 2007): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423907000379.

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Until the end of the 14th century, the sources of Hebrew mathematical writings were almost exclusively in Arabic. This was particularly true of texts that contained elements of algebra or algebraic developments. The testimonies we present and analyze here are due to Jewish authors living in Italy, primarily in the 15th century, who made use of the most varied sources, in addition to Arabic: in Castilian, in Italian, and perhaps in Latin. These testimonies constitute both an indication, and a product, of the circulation of Arab algebraic traditions in Renaissance Italy. Simon Moṭoṭ’s book on The Calculation of Algebra stems from the Italian tradition of ‘‘treatises on the abacus’’. Mordekhay Finzi of Mantua is the author of a Hebrew version of the great work on algebra by Abū Kāmil (9th century), as well as of a version, distinct from the preceding, of the Arabic scholar’s introductory exposition. Beginning in 1473, Finzi also translated from Italian to Hebrew the important treatise on algebra by Maestro Dardi of Pisa (1344). We also indicate some 16th century continuations of Hebrew mathematical production, which contain algebraic developments.

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3

Eamon, William. "Cannibalism and Contagion: Framing Syphilis in Counter-Reformation Italy*." Early Science and Medicine 3, no. 1 (1998): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338298x00013.

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AbstractThe outbreak of syphilis in Europe elicited a variety of responses concerning the disease's origins and cure. In this essay, I examine the theory of the origins of syphilis advanced by the 16th-century Italian surgeon Leonardo Fioravanti. According to Fioravanti, syphilis was not new but had always existed, although it was unknown to the ancients. The syphilis epidemic, he argued, was caused by cannibalism among the French and Italian armies during the siege of Naples in 1494. Fioravanti's strange and novel theory is connected with his view of disease as corruption of the body caused by eating improper foods. His theory of bodily pollution, a metaphor for the corruption of society, coincided with Counter-Reformation concepts about sin and the social order.

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4

Barton, William M. "Latin and Vernacular Translation in Early Modern Natural Philosophical Literature." Scientia Poetica 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scipo-2016-0103.

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Abstract The late 16th century saw the publication of two descriptions of Monte Baldo written by apothecaries working in the nearby town of Verona. Both texts were published in Latin and Italian and have come to the attention of scholars for the vibrant descriptions of the mountain they contain, as well as for the insight they allow into the European networks of natural philosophers. A more detailed examination of the circumstances that produced Latin and Italian versions of these two descriptions of the same mountain, containing the same type of scientific investigation by men engaged in the same profession and from the same town, makes for a neat case study in considering the issues surrounding translation and authorship in the natural philosophical literature of the early modern period. By setting the study’s findings into the context of the recent ›translation turn‹ in literary studies - and Neo-Latin studies in particular - the case study reveals interesting data for the use of Latin in early modern natural philosophy, as well for the dynamics of northern Italy’s scientific community in the period.

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5

Uvarov, Pavel. "Historical Research and Directions of French Royal Expansion in 16th — 17th Centuries." ISTORIYA 12, no. 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015333-5.

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In the seventeenth century, the search for the “forgotten” rights of the king were an important aid in organizing French expansion, mainly in the eastern and northeastern directions. At the sovereign courts of Lorraine, Alsace and Franche-Comté “chambers of annexations” (chambres d’annexion) were created in 1680 to organize search for archival documents supporting royal claims to neighboring lands. The idea of creating special institutions engaged in the search for documents revealing the precedents of relations with other countries and forgotten rights, that French king had supposedly enjoyed in those parts, was expressed back during the reign of Henry II. In 1556, Raoul Spifame, a lawyer at the Paris Parliament, published a book consisting of fictitious royal decrees, of which many would be implemented in the future. Among other things he ordered, on behalf of the king, the creation of thirty chambers, each specializing in the search for documents in the “treasury of charters” relating to a particular province. He had determined the composition of these chambers, the procedure for work and the form of reporting, — all this in order to arm the king with knowledge of his forgotten rights and the content of antique treaties and agreements. The nomenclature of “provincial chambers” is especially interesting, from the Chambers of Scotland and England to the Chamber of Tunisia and Africa, as well as the Chamber of Portugal and the New Lands. Much more attention was attracted by those lands to which a century later the French expansion would be directed: Franche-Comté, Artois and Flanders, Lorraine, the Duchy of Cleves. But more than half of chambers specialized in the Italian lands. This is not surprising, since in the 1550s France was entering the climax of the Italian Wars. Under Henry II (1547—1559) one of the four secretaries of state, Jean du Thier, was the person responsible for the southwestern direction of French policy. There is reason to believe that Spifame was associated with du Thier or with other members of the king’s “reform headquarters”. The large-scale transformations already at work were interrupted by the unexpected death of Henry II and the subsequent Wars of Religion. But continuity was inherent in the “spirit of the laws” of the Ancien Régime, so Spifame was able to predict future developments, including the creation of “chambers of annexation”.

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6

Yusim, Mark. "“Status Rei Publicae”: from the History of Concepts and Institutions." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018842-5.

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In the Modern Times European political thought definitively adopted the term which goes back to the Latin “status” and translates in Russian as «государство». It signifies the institute of public authority present in one or another form to every people reached a determined stage of evolution. The history of the concept “state” by itself and the establishing of corresponding terminology, including that of different forms of rule, were often discussed and continues to be discussed in modern works on the history and politology. Controversial are the questions on the impact of preceding epochs on the conception of the state and on its definition in the Early Modern Times, in particular in Italian political thought at the beginning of 16th century; such questions will be dealt with in this contribution.

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Suranta, Edi. "Membentuk Sumber Daya Manusia dengan Pondasi Ihsan melalui Emotional and Spiritual Quotient (ESQ)." PARAMETER 6, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37751/parameter.v6i2.176.

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The Italian philosopher Macevelli, who lived in the 15th-16th century AD, proclaimed that to achieve the goal of a nation-state society to achieve the goal of all means can be taken as long as the goal is achieved, tricks, tricks, and even actions that are contrary to conscience can be done. The war of right thinking is happening at this time with the help of propaganda through electronic media and mass media as it is now, in building opinions. The influence change is so real and clear. Theories and ideas put into practice that was once politically marginalized now control the state. ESQ is here to answer the SQ theory, the fruit of Ari Ginanjar's thought as a role model for spiritual training guided by the pillars of faith and the pillars of Islam, which adorn cultural understanding and work ethic back to human nature such as love, honesty, responsibility, caring, discipline, togetherness, peace, back in orbit. Abstrak Filosuf italia Macevelli yang hidup diabad 15 – 16 M memproklamirkan bahwa untuk mencapai tujuan bermasyarakat berbangsa bernegara untuk mencapai tujuan segala cara dapat ditempuh asalkan tujuan tercapai, tipu daya, trik, bahkan tindakan yang bertentangan dengan hati nurani bisa dilakukan. Perang pemikiran benar terjadi pada saat ini dengan dibantu propaganda melalui media elektronik maupun media massa seperti sekarang, dalam membangun opini . Perubahan pengaruh sebegitu nyata dan terang benderang . Teori dan pemikiran dipraktekkan yang dulu termarjinalkan secara politik sekarang mengendalikan negara. ESQ hadir menjawab atas teori SQ buah pemikiran Ari Ginanjar menjadi role model pelatihan spiritual yang berpedoman pada rukun iman dan rukun Islam banyak menghiasi pemahaman budaya dan etos kerja kembali kepada fitrah manusia seperti kasih sayang, kejujuran, tanggungjawab, peduli, disiplin, kebersamaan, kedamaian, kembali dalam garis orbit.

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8

Joost-Gaugier, Christiane L., Colin Rowe, and Leon Satkowski. "Italian Architecture of the 16th Century." Sixteenth Century Journal 35, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20477014.

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9

RA, Youngsoon. "Staff of the 16th Century Italian Banquet." Journal of Western Medieval History 40 (September 30, 2017): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21591/jwmh.2017.40.2.151.

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10

Zholudeva, Lyubov. "Discourse Marker Dico in the 16th Century Italian Language." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 1 (April 2019): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.1.13.

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The article is devoted to the functional and semantic analysis of the form dico in the 16 th-century Italian language, the main aim being to show how it gradually begins to function as a discourse marker. The study is performed on the basis of texts belonging to different genres (mainly comedies and treatises in the dialogue form) where certain peculiarities of spoken language are imitated. We come to the conclusion that the invariant pragmatic meaning of this unit is "second attempt to establish successful communication". We also claim that the promotion of dico to the role of a discourse marker is the result of the secondary metaphorization of dire. We point out to the parallelism between the metaphoric uses of dire, namely, the epistemic one ("to say" = "to claim, to consider") and the volitional one ("to say" = "to order, to command"), on the one hand, and the use of dico in its two main functions, on the other hand. The functions in question are a) adducing a comment to the previous statement, and b) urging the addressee to act in a certain way. In both cases one can speak of a partial desemantization of dico and its metaphorization that allows it to function as a pragmatic signal rather than a regular verbal form. On the formal level it is manifested by the absence of complements, syntactic freedom of dico and its tendency to occupy a certain position within a sentence depending exclusively on its pragmatic (and not grammatical-syntactic) function.

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11

Stefanaki, Anastasia, Gerard Thijsse, Gerda A. van Uffelen, Marcel C. M. Eurlings, and Tinde van Andel. "The En Tibi herbarium, a 16th century Italian treasure." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 187, no. 3 (June 14, 2018): 397–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boy024.

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12

Redmond, Walter. "Relations and 16th-Century Mexican Logic." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 22, no. 65 (December 13, 1990): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.1990.743.

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Fray Alonso de la Vera Cruz y sus colegas del siglo XVI analizaban las relaciones lógicas, sintácticas y semánticas, y tenían una teoría ontológica de las relaciones, pero no trabajaban con una leona general1ógica de las relaciones. Sin embargo su investigación de algunos temas, como el de la oración de dobles sujetos/predicados “conjuntadas complexivamente de acepción múltiple” rayaba en una concepción general de la relación. Ejemplo de tal oración es “Sócrates y Platón disputan”, formalizable en el lenguaje L como “|scp|[d]”. “|scp|” representa el sujeto doble y funciona como un nombre propio. EI predicado “[d]” esta cuantificado particularmente, como es normal en este tipo de oración. Recibe un análisis normal: 1 |scp|[d] 2 |scp|d1 ∨ |scp|d2 ∨ … ∨ |scp|dn|DD. La semántica es como la de la oración de sujeto/predicado sencillo. Si “sh1” es el disyunto verdadero del análisis de “s[h]”, “Sócrates es un ser humano”, se afirma en él la identidad de “Sócrates” y “este ser humano”, es decir, que “s” y “h”, se refieren a la misma cosa. Así mismo, el disyunto verdadero de “|scp|[d]”, digamos “|scp|[d2]” afirma que “|scp|” y “d2” se refieren a la misma cosa, pero en este caso al par de Sócrates y Platón. Otros ejemplos de Alonso, como “todo ser humano y todo ángel es binario” muestran como pueden cuantificarse independientemente los términos del sujeto complejo. Alonso no llegó a la relación pura no tanto porque suponía a menudo un elemento de temporalidad (“disputan a la vez”), sino porque pareció quedarse dentro del marco de los dobles sujetos y predicados. Sin embargo, cuantifico el objeto de una oración con doble sujeto: “Sócrates y Platón llevan-y-llevan una piedra” (|scp|[l][p]”). En la p. 40 se muestran unas correspondencias aproximadas entre el enfoque escolástico de la oración y uno que podríamos encontrar hoy. [W.R.]

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13

Stras, Laurie. "The performance of polyphony in early 16th-century Italian convents." Early Music 45, no. 2 (May 2017): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/cax023.

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14

D’Orazio, Dario, and Sofia Nannini. "Towards Italian Opera Houses: A Review of Acoustic Design in Pre-Sabine Scholars." Acoustics 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 252–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics1010015.

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The foundation of architectural acoustics as an independent science is generally referred to Sabine’s early studies and their application. Nevertheless, since the 16th Century, a great number of authors wrote essays and treatises on the design of acoustic spaces, with a growing attention to the newborn typology of the Opera house, whose evolution is strongly connected to the cultural background of the Italian peninsula. With roots in the Renaissance rediscovery of Vitruvius’s treatise and his acoustic theory, 16th- to 19th-Century Italian authors tackled several issues concerning the construction of theatres—among them, architectural and structural features, the choice of the materials, the social meanings of performances. Thanks to this literature, the consolidation of this body of knowledge led to a standardisation of the forms of the Italian Opera house throughout the 19th Century. Therefore, the scope of this review paper is to focus on the treatises, essays and publications regarding theatre design, written by pre-Sabinian Italian scholars. The analysis of such literature aims at highlighting the consistencies in some 19th-Century minor Italian Opera houses, in order to understand to what extent this scientific and experimental background was part of the building tradition during the golden age of the Italian Opera.

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15

Jeż, Tomasz. "Studies on the reception of Italian music in central-eastern Europe in the 16th and 17th century, ed. Marina Toffetti, Kraków 2018." Muzyka 64, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/m.250.

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16

Elias, Cathy Ann. "Musical performance in 16th-century Italian literature: Straparola's Le piacevoli notti." Early Music XVII, no. 2 (May 1989): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/xvii.2.161.

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17

Rizzo, Mario. "The hub of the system. Discussions and perceptions regarding the geopolitical role of Milan in the 16th century." Pedralbes. Revista d'Història Moderna 41 (December 21, 2021): 39–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/pedralbes2021.41.2.

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The article studies the geopolitical role of the State of Milan during the 16th century, as it was perceived and discussed by both members of the Habsburg ruling class as well as Italian writers, politicians and diplomats who did not belong to those circles nor were under their influences. The analysis starts with the early years of the century and subsequently covers the period of the Wars of Italy and then the second half of the century, when the new international context created by the peace of Cateau Cambrésis gave rise to a complex interplay between continuity and change. Keywords: geopolitics, 16th-century Italy, Milan, Habsburg Empire.

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18

Bettini, Alessandro. "Did Leonardo da Vinci Invent the Telescope?" Optics and Photonics News 33, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.33.2.000030.

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19

Bevz, Mykola. "Town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) in western Ukraine – an example of urban complex built at the end of the 16th century on the concept of the renaissance “ideal town”." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 14, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.1772.

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The town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) belongs to the late Renaissance foundations of private resident cities in Halychyna in the late 16th century. Urban-spatial structure of the town was designed according to the Renaissance ideal city. The city consisted of two conjugated parts: the owner’s castle and the fortified downtown. The combination of these two parts was of a specific nature – when the central square of the town is combined with the facade of the castle complex. On the base of the historical and urban studies presented the hypothesis that town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) is an unique example of late Renaissance urbanism. The start of town build was in 1594 according to a project based on the concept of “ideal town”. We are thinking, that the author of the project and plan of town was Paolo Clamensi – Italian architect, worked in Lviv at the end of 16th century. The towns have a well-preserved original Renaissance planning structure and a number of architectural monuments that are connected with it. Reconstruction of the original historical town plan allows us to express the hypothesis of its similarity to the projects of cities published in the treatise of the Italian architect of the 16th century Pietro Cataneo.

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20

Morenus, Linda Stiber, Charlotte W. Eng, Naoko Takahatake, and Diana C. Rambaldi. "16TH- AND 17TH-CENTURY ITALIAN CHIAROSCURO WOODCUTS: INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS, DEGRADATION, AND CONSERVATION." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 54, no. 4 (November 2015): 238–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1945233015y.0000000008.

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21

McGrattan, Alexander. "Italian wind instrumentalists at the Scottish royal court during the 16th century." Early Music XXIX, no. 4 (November 2001): 534–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/xxix.4.534.

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McGrattan, A. "Italian wind instrumentalists at the Scottish royal court during the 16th century." Early Music 29, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 534–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/29.4.534.

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23

Медведь, А. Н. "GIOVAN BATTISTA BELLUZZI AND HIS «TREATISE ON FORTIFICATIONS OF EARTH»." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 264 (December 3, 2021): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.264.376-387.

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Статья посвящена «Трактату о земляных укреплениях» (1554 г.) итальянского фортификатора XVI в. Джамбаттисты Белуцци. Описываются разделы трактата, отмечаются особенности создания земляных укреплений в Италии XVI в. Высказывается гипотеза о связи технологий создания итальянских земляных укреплений и подобных крепостей в Московском великом княжестве. The article is devoted to the «Treatise on earth Fortifications» (1554) written by the military architect of the 16th century Giovan Battista Belluzzi. It describes sections of the treatise, and highlights distinctive features of earthwork fortifications in Italy in the 16th century. According to the hypothesis presented in the paper, there is a link between the technology of building Italian earth fortifications and that of similar fortresses in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

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Wójcik, Zbigniew. "Italian Horse Riding School." Physical education, sport and health culture in modern society, no. 1 (49) (March 31, 2020): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2020-01-60-63.

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The system solutions in the field of horse riding technique appeared for the first time in Italy in the 16th century, but at the same time equestrian academies also functioned in other countries, e.g. Austria, France, Germany and Russia. They formed the horse riding system which was based on such movements that horse never performs in its natural habitat. Therefore, according to the methodology research, applicable in historical and pedagogical sciences, an attempt was made to determine stages of the Art of Horsemanship on the European continent. In the research process, it was established that the horse riding style that had been being practiced for several centuries, was not changed until the late 19th century. The revolutionary changes, based on years of observation and experience, were made by Captain Federico Caprilli of the Military Equestrian School in Pinerolo (Italy). The result of his observations accepeted in 1906 was an innovative horse riding system called natural. A great numer of officers from 22 countries were coming to Italy at that time to learn the new system. As it was very practical, it became quickly adapted by equestrian sport.

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Pichugina, Olga K. "DEVELOPMENT OF IMITATION METHODS IN THE PAINTING PRACTICE OF THE 16th-17th CENTURY ITALIAN MASTERS." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 4(72) (December 28, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-4(72)-18.

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The article explores the imitation methods in Italian Renaissance and Baroque painting, which were widespread in the forms of copying, replication, compilation and imitation. Italian art inherited the practice of imitation from the era of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. It was the basis of apprenticeship and organization of work in art studios. Model imitation and, at the same time, search for stylistic originality from the second half of the 15th century led to the spreading of replication, compilation, imitation and emulation techniques. The practice of imitation was continued by the 17th century Italian masters in the form of self-copying. Thus, the processes of imitation in the form of copying, replication, and compilation during the Renaissance and Baroque were a major component of everyday artistic practice and produced a significant impact on its theoretical comprehension and continuation at the subsequent stages of development.

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Zholudeva, L. I. "THE FUNCTIONING OF THE PRONOUN FORM GLI IN THE 16TH-CENTURY ITALIAN LANGUAGE." Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, no. 5 (2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2018-5-9-14.

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27

Kendall, Yvonne. "Rhythm, Meter andTactusin 16Th-Century Italian Court Dance: Reconstruction From a Theoretical Base." Dance Research VIII, no. 1 (April 1990): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1290786.

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D’Orazio, Dario. "Italian-Style Opera Houses: A Historical Review." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 4613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134613.

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Attending an opera involves a multi-sensory evaluation (acoustical, visual, and more), cultural background and other emotional parameters. The present work aims to investigate the historical development of Italian-style opera houses, from the 16th century until today. Called “Italian” due to their origin, they developed thanks to the mutual influence of the genre and the building characteristics. Furthermore, the acoustics of historical opera houses is now considered as intangible cultural heritage, so it should be known and preserved. The paper addressed the state-of-the-art literature—most of which was proposed in Italian—which can be driven easily by the sharing of historical and contemporary knowledge.

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Borghese, A. "THE LIPIZZANER IN ITALY." Animal Genetic Resources Information 10 (April 1992): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900003308.

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SUMMARYThe Lipizzaner is one of Europe's most ancient breeds; its history goes back to the early 16th century The original stock came from the North of Italy and Spain; six male lines introduced in the second half of the 18th century and the early 19th century, from Naples, the Austro-Hungarian empire, Denmark and Arabia upgraded the breed to its actual standard. The Italian national stud of Montemaggiore is perpetrating the Lipizzaner tradition. The horses are kept under extensive grazing conditions and all six “families” (Napolitano,Conversaro, Favory, Pluto, Maestoso and Siglavy) are present.

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Kulhánková, Zora. "The Italian Garden Influence Within the Development of Garden Design in the Czech Lands (Bohemia and Moravia)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 5 (2017): 1543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765051543.

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This article puts the Czech garden into the context of the development of garden design in Europe. Although it has not been defined as a garden type, it has always reflected new directions and modified them in line with geographical and cultural differences. The selected examples illustrate the development of garden art in the Czech lands from the 16th to the 18th century with an emphasis on Italian patterns and Italian artists. There are gardens that took the morphology of the Italian garden – they were built in slopes, their architecture uses terraces and stairs, dynamic water is used or some building elements typical of the Italian garden. The information provided exemplify the great influence of Italian culture in the Czech lands, which got there directly with Italian artists and builders.

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Bárány, Attila. "Humanist Diplomat in Early 16th Century Hungary: Hieronymus Balbus." Acta Neerlandica, no. 15 (July 10, 2020): 11–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36392/actaneerl/2019/15/2.

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The article investigates new sources, Western European, mainly English diplomatic reports – several being so far unknown for Hungarian scholarship, or, if known, not examined in this regard – e.g. held at the British Library Manuscript Collection to shed light on Hungarian-Ottoman relations at the eve of the fall of the “shield of Christendom”, Belgrade in 1521. The article follows the mission of Hieronymus Balbus, an Italian at the diplomatic personnel of Jagiellonian Hungary, in 1521 to the Habsburg, Tudor and Valois courts. Balbus’s diplomatic workings – through the embassy to the Emperor (Charles V in Worms and Brussels), a peace conference at Calais and Cardinal Wolsey and Henry VIII, King of England – has not been adequately seen in Hungarian historiography, and some of his letters and political activity ranging from Bruges, Worms, Calais, London and Cologne has not so far been mapped, yet new insights can be given for the understanding of Louis II’s diplomatic efforts during the stress of the siege and loss of Belgrade in 1521. The investigation is largely based on Balbus’s dispatches – which has not survived in Hungarian archival material but were preserved in the reports of English envoys of his activity, to the maker of Tudor policy, Chancellor Wolsey. The correspondence of Balbus provides valuable information on the administration of Louis II, about its relationship with the Turks and the Emperor. The leaders of Hungarian diplomacy did not lack astuteness and “had a clear picture” about the international power relations. The government experimented with alternatives, provided they did not receive any aid from the Habsburgs: they were willing to go as far as making an alliance with not only the English, but even with the Emperor’s enemies, the Valois. In 1521, despite the powerful Habsburg dominance, Hungarian foreign politics did have some room to manoeuvre.

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Schlitt, Melinda. "“Anticamente moderna et modernamente antica”: Imitation and the ideal in 16th-century Italian painting." International Journal of the Classical Tradition 10, no. 3-4 (December 2004): 377–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12138-004-0002-z.

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Matrisciano, Sara, and Franz Rainer. "Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille." Romanische Forschungen 133, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3196/003581221831922391.

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All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

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Tziboula, Areti, and Anna-Maria Rentzeperi-Tsonou. "Historical approach to the opera’s libretto-theme in Italy from the end of the 16th century to the first Italian reform." Muzikologija, no. 31 (2021): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz2131145t.

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The creators of opera in Italy at the end of the 16th century gave great importance to the choice of their subject matter in order to reproduce an overall work of art according to the archetype of ancient Greek tragedy. During its progressive course, opera underwent changes, in which libretto and its subject matter constituted major issues of study and criticism and were reformed according to the style of each period but always with quality as a keystone. The present study examines the formation of the Italian opera based on the choice of the librettos from its birth to the first Italian reform.

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Kuteko, D. A. "EMPHATIC CONSTRUCTIONS DISLOCAZIONE A DESTRA AND DISLOCAZIONE A SINISTRA IN COMEDIES OF THE 16th CENTURY TUSCAN AUTHORS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 5 (October 14, 2022): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-5-978-983.

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The modern Italian language of informal communication is characterized by a rather active use of emphatic syntactic means, in particular the constructions right dislocation (dislocazione a destra) and left dislocation (dislocazione a sinistra), which are considered innovative. But it is quite difficult to determine the real time of occurrence of these phenomena in the speech of Italian speakers: the number of reliable written samples of oral informal communication of the past is very small, and in the case of communication that took place several centuries ago, there are no such sources at all. Comedies are very valuable material for analysis, as comic theatre is closely connected with the phenomenon of «parlato recitato» - colloquial speech in stage performance, which uses a complex of linguistic means associated with informal oral discourse. So, it is possible to trace examples of relatively accurately reproduced verbal communication of past centuries in the texts of comedies. The presence of emphatic constructions allows us to confirm the hypothesis that the Italian language nowadays does not develop new constructions and structures, but rather undergoes a process of restandartization, in which phenomena that were considered characteristic of colloquial usage change their position and become normative.

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Serianni, Luca. "Ital. meno male." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 4 (November 7, 2018): 1197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0076.

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Abstract The Italian locution meno male is widely used in several usages to express relief or to asseverate ironically. It appears in the 16th century in the now obsolete form manco male and becomes widespread since Goldoni (1707–1793). It has very few cognates in the other European languages; the Sp. menos mal, although very close in form and meaning, must nevertheless be interpreted as an independent formation.

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Woźniak, Ewa, and Magdalena Gozdek. "Jakim językiem XVI-wieczni pisarze reformacyjni pisali o wychowaniu dzieci (Gliczner, Kwiatkowski, Lorichius)?" Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 25, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2018.25.2.17.

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The article is devoted to stylistic properties of three pedagogical works that were published in Protestant circles in the 16th century Poland. The first one is the translation from Latin of the treatise written by German Protestant theologian Reinhard Lorichius titled Księgi o wychowaniu i o ćwiczeniu każdego przełożonego (1558), the second one is the Polish publication of Erazm Gliczner’s Książki o wychowaniu dzieci bardzo dobre, pożyteczne i potrzebne (1558) and the third one is the treatise written by the Italian humanist from the 14th and 15th century titled Książeczki rozkoszne a wielmi użyteczne o poćciwym wychowaniu […] dziatek (1564), translated by Marcin Kwiatkowski. The authors of the analysis recognised didacticism, vividness and erudition as the predominant stylistic features of discussed works. They proved that the 16th century books on upbringing of children had been addressed to readers of every denomination and lacked elements of religious polemics on the linguistic and stylistic level. The ideas of the Reformation can be connected mainly with popularization of the Bible, which was used as the source of exempla and sententiae in the works by Lorichius and Gliczner.

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Liščák, Vladimír. "Franciscan Missions to China and the Czech Crown Lands (from the 16th Century to the 18th Century)." Archiv orientální 82, no. 3 (December 13, 2014): 515–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.82.3.515-538.

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The article examines the Franciscan missions in China in modern times, with a specific focus on the members of the Bohemian Franciscan Province. The 16th and 17th centuries were periods of significant success for Roman Catholic missions, including the Franciscans. These two centuries differ from the preceding period, as evidenced in the radical changes that took place in relation to the organization of missions and their relationship with their European bases. The world was divided into areas under the Portuguese padroado and areas under the Spanish patronato. The system was later completed by the establishment of the Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, under the auspices of the Roman Curia. The beginning of the Catholic missions to China dates to the second half of the 16th century, but the real flowering of the missions began with the participation of the new missionaries coming to China after the 1680s. The Chinese Rites controversy in the 17th and 18th centuries was one of the factors which led to the prohibition of Christianity and the expulsion of Catholic missionaries from China. Nevertheless, some missionaries were illegally active in China from 1724 onwards. Among the Franciscan missionaries to China there were four friars from the Czech Crown lands, who were working in China during the time of the illegal missions. They were among the most important representatives of the Franciscan missions in China, along with their Italian confreres.

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Zholudeva, L. I. "Speech Characteristics of Servants in Italian Comedies of 16th Century: on Parameters of Language Variability." Nauchnyy dialog, no. 11 (2018): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2018-11-37-49.

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Zuloaga, Margarita Borreguero, and Francisco Javier Herrero Ruiz de Loizaga. "La gramaticalización del lat. tota via en español y en italiano: valores temporales y adversativos." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 1007–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0059.

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Abstract The process of grammaticalization of Italian tuttavia and Spanish todavia, from Latin tota via, is an interesting case study because both adverbs converge and diverge at different points along the history of Italian and Spanish. Both adverbs inherited the temporal values of late Latin tota via (‘always’) and developed adversative values when reanalysed as connectives in some contexts where contemporary events could be reinterpreted as opposing one to another, However, It. tuttavia went further down this path of grammaticalization and lost its temporal values, while Sp. todavía, due probably to the emergence of new adversative connectives in the 17th century such as sin embargo and no obstante, abandoned the adversative uses in the 18th century and consolidated the phasal temporal value developed since the 16th century. In present Italian, tuttavia is a discourse connective with an antioriented argumentative function and no continuative or phasal temporal value, while in present Spanish, todavía is a phasal temporal intrapredicative adverb. This study tries to highlight how the comparative approach adopted here enriches our knowledge on the history of Romance Languages and allows for a better understanding of non-linear grammaticalization processes.

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Ascheri, Mario. "Between the Middle Ages and the modern age, the Italian contribution to European reflection on epidemics: did jurists advise governments?" Italian Review of Legal History, no. 7 (December 22, 2021): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2464-8914/16881.

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This work aims to present what some Italian jurists at the beginning of 16th century, during a new series of epidemics, thought useful to prevent and preserve from epidemics. Their tracts, in Latin language, were widespread all over Europe since they summarized the experience of many centuries. Their advices were given governments to show how many possibilities were open to deliberate according to the European common law and therefore they are useful tools to judge the enacted local provisions.

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Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava. "Theology of Nature in Sixteenth-Century Italian Jewish Philosophy." Science in Context 10, no. 4 (1997): 529–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700002805.

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The ArgumentThis paper focuses on several Italian Jewish philosophers in the second half of the sixteenth century and the first third of the seventeenth century. It argues that their writings share a certain theology of nature. Because of it, the interest of Jews in the study of nature was not a proto-scientific but a hermeneutical activity based on the essential correspondence between God, Torah, and Israel. While the theology of nature analyzed in the paper did not prevent Jews from being informed about and selectively endorsing the first phase of the scientific revolution, it did render the Jews marginal to it. So long as Jewish thinkers adhered to this theology of nature, Jews could not adopt the scientific mentality that presupposed a qualitative distinction between the Book of Nature and the Book of Scripture.

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Trexler, Richard C., and Christopher F. Black. "Italian Confraternities in the Sixteenth Century." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 21, no. 2 (1990): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204428.

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Darowski, Roman. "Philosophy of the Jesuits in Lithuania since the 16th until the 18th Century." Forum Philosophicum 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2007): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2007.1202.24.

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In the philosophy of the Jesuits of this period one can distinguish philosophy connected with teaching, i.e. taught at schools led by the Jesuits, and Civic philosophy, not connected directly with teaching. This was mainly social, economic, and political philosophy, especially philosophy of the state, law and the like.

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Медведь, А. Н. "WOOD AND EARTH FORTIFICATIONS IN 16th-CENTURY ITALY -ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TRADITION)." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 267 (October 4, 2022): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.267.396-409.

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Статья посвящена истории развития древо-земляной фортификации в Европе второй половины XVI в. Рассматриваются два трактата, посвященные созданию древо-земляных укреплений, - Дж. Лантьери «Duo libri del modo di fare le fortificazioni di terra» (1550-е гг.) и Г. Галилея «Breve Instruzione all’architettura militare» (1590-е гг.). Анализируются особенности создания укреплений, изложенные в этих трактатах, сравниваются технологические приемы, описанные авторами. Проводится сравнение с более ранними итальянскими произведениями на аналогичную тематику. Делается вывод о том, что во второй половине XVI в. в Италии сформировалась и получила свое дальнейшее развитие технологическая традиция создания земляных фортификаций. The article is devoted to the history of the development of wooden and earth fortification in Europe in the 2nd half of the 16th century. We consider two treatises devoted to the creation of wooden and earth fortifications - G. Lantieri «Duo libri del modo di fare le fortificazioni di terra» (1550s) and G. Galileo «Breve Instruzione all’architettura militare» (1590s). We analyze the peculiarities of building fortifications described in these treatises and compare the technological methods described by the authors. A comparison is made with earlier Italian works on the same subject. The conclusion is made that in the second half of the 16th century in Italy was formed and further developed the technological tradition of building earth fortifications.

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Studničková, Milada. "Pařížský rukopis Tacuinum sanitatis (Bibliothèque Nationale de France, sign. MS nouv. acq. lat. 1673) a české země." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 67, no. 1-2 (2022): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnpsc.2022.012.

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The Parisian manuscript Tacuinum sanitatis is considered to be the oldest of a series of luxurious illuminated manuscripts containing an abridged text by Ibn Butlān that were commissioned by Gian Galeazzo Visconti or aristocrats in his circle. According to a note added later, it is believed to have belonged to Viridis Visconti, wife of Leopold III, Duke of Austria, and to have remained in the possession of the Habsburgs until the 16th century. The article draws attention to previously unanalysed Czech glosses written by several scribes, which contradict this hypothesis and prove that the North Italian manuscript was in Bohemian possession for a long time in the 15th century.

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Ерусалимский, К. Ю. "Mapping the Borders of Muscovy and Rus’ Representations of the “Muscovite People” in the European Cartography and Toponymy of the 16–18th сс." Диалог со временем, no. 78(78) (April 24, 2022): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.78.78.011.

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В статье рассмотрены репрезентации «Московии» и «Белой Руси» на картах XVI в. и развитие этих ренессансных хоронимов в картографии XVII–XVIII вв., а также изучена «московская» топонимика на землях Великого княжества Литовского и Короны Польской. Московия и населяющие ее московиты возникли на картах в 1500-1540-е гг. на малоизвестных землях, которые не рассматривались до середины XVI в. как единое политическое целое, однако и позднее ограничивались в своем господствующем статусе благодаря ряду картографических приемов. The article deals with the representations of „Muscovy“ and „Alba Russia“ on the 16th century maps and developments of these Renaissance choronyms in the 17–18th cс., and „Muscovite“ toponymy on the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Crown. The Muscovy and populating her Muscovites emerged on the maps ca. 1500–1540s as cartographic symbols on the understudied lands, which were not considered as political unit until the mid-16th century, and later were also limited in their domineering status in these lands by special cartographic means.

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De Coster, Annie. "The Bibliotheca Wittockiana in Brussels: collecting and exhibiting bindings." Art Libraries Journal 33, no. 3 (2008): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200015455.

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The Bibliotheca Wittockiana in Brussels houses an impressive array of bindings that shows the glories of this very special decorative art. The collection does not aim to be an exhaustive historical survey, but reflects the taste of one man, Michel Wittock, beginning with his early interest in 16th-century Italian bindings and later those of 19th-century France, and culminating in many beautiful examples of abstraction in French and Belgian bindings of the 20th century. These works are housed in a purpose-built 1980s building designed by Emmanuel de Callatay and extended 15 years later by Wittock’s architect son Charly, and are shared with an appreciative public in the museum’s reading room and through regular displays in the three large exhibition spaces.

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Fontecchio, G., L. Ventura, R. Azzarone, M. A. Fioroni, G. Fornaciari, and F. Papola. "HLA-DRB genotyping of an Italian mummy from the 16th century with signs of rheumatoid arthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 65, no. 12 (May 25, 2006): 1676–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2006.051490.

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Ciranni, R., and G. Fornaciari. "Juvenile cirrhosis in a 16th century Italian mummy. Current technologies in pathology and ancient human tissues." Virchows Archiv 445, no. 6 (September 16, 2004): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00428-004-1094-1.

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