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Journal articles on the topic 'Philosophy, Italian – 15th century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Mnozhynska, Ruslana. "UKRAINIAN-POLISH AND ITALIAN CULTURAL CONNECTIONS IN THE 15TH CENTURY." Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, no. 2 (October 26, 2022): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2022-2-23.

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Based on factual material, the article examines the connections between the famous Italian humanist Philippus Callimachus (1437–1496) and Grigoriy Sanotsky (1406–1477), Archbishop of Lviv, professor of the Krakow Academy, Renaissance humanist. Sanotskyi was the founder of the first humanist circle in Ukraine, which also included Callimachus, who left memories of communication with Hryhoriy Sanotskyi. Callimachus highly valued the intelligence and knowledge of Grigory Sanotskyi. Having met him, the Italian humanist was very surprised to meet in the north a person who is so deeply familiar with philosophy and adheres to advanced views. Grigory Sanotsky's talent, like that of all Renaissance humanists, was unparalleled and multifaceted. But it appeared, formed and developed not without the influence of the surrounding environment, a circle of prominent personalities of a pan-European scale.

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2

Bellusci, David. "Gasparo Contarini: From Scholasticism to Renaissance Humanism." Études maritainiennes / Maritain Studies 26 (2010): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/maritain2010263.

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This paper examines the shift from Scholasticism to Renaissance humanism by focussing on the Italian humanist, Gasparo Contarini (1483-1542). The politico-religious climate of 15th-16th century Italy represents the arena in which Contarini developed his philosophy. His studies at the University of Padova where Padovan Aristotelianism dominated reflected the basis of his intellectual formation. The Platonic revival of Renaissance Italy also made its way into Contarini’s humanist philosophy.

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LÉVY, TONY. "L'ALGÈBRE ARABE DANS LES TEXTES HÉBRAÏQUES (II). DANS L'ITALIE DES XVe ET XVIe SIÈCLES, SOURCES ARABES ET SOURCES VERNACULAIRES." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 17, no. 1 (February 12, 2007): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423907000379.

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Until the end of the 14th century, the sources of Hebrew mathematical writings were almost exclusively in Arabic. This was particularly true of texts that contained elements of algebra or algebraic developments. The testimonies we present and analyze here are due to Jewish authors living in Italy, primarily in the 15th century, who made use of the most varied sources, in addition to Arabic: in Castilian, in Italian, and perhaps in Latin. These testimonies constitute both an indication, and a product, of the circulation of Arab algebraic traditions in Renaissance Italy. Simon Moṭoṭ’s book on The Calculation of Algebra stems from the Italian tradition of ‘‘treatises on the abacus’’. Mordekhay Finzi of Mantua is the author of a Hebrew version of the great work on algebra by Abū Kāmil (9th century), as well as of a version, distinct from the preceding, of the Arabic scholar’s introductory exposition. Beginning in 1473, Finzi also translated from Italian to Hebrew the important treatise on algebra by Maestro Dardi of Pisa (1344). We also indicate some 16th century continuations of Hebrew mathematical production, which contain algebraic developments.

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Montesinos Castañeda, María. "Variación en la imagen de la Prudencia: entre la tradición y la «nueva visualidad»." IMAGO. Revista de Emblemática y Cultura Visual, no. 11 (January 28, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/imago.11.15428.

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ABSTRACT: Although Italian influences prevail in the visual tradition of Prudence, beginning in the 15th century a new iconographic type emerges as a result of a «new visuality» deriving from French art. This innovation has been considered «monstrous» and breaking with the preceding visual tradition. However, this new visual manifestation is a result of the continuation of philosophic theories about Prudence. What is more, Italian art offers a response to the «new visuality» with another new iconographic type of the Prudence. KEYWORDS Prudence; Iconography; Visual Culture; Italian Art; French Art; Early Modern Age. RESUMEN: Aunque en la tradición visual de la Prudencia imperan las influencias italianas, a partir del siglo XV surge un nuevo tipo iconográfico fruto de la «nueva visualidad» procedente del arte francés. Dicha innovación ha sido considerada «monstruosa» y rompedora con la tradición visual precedente. Sin embargo, esta nueva manifestación visual es fruto de la continuación de las teorías filosóficas sobre la Prudencia. Además, el arte italiano ofrece una respuesta a la «nueva visualidad» con otro nuevo tipo iconográfico de la Prudencia.

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Gentili, Hanna. "The Art of Thinking and the Reception of the Parva naturalia in a Fifteenth-Century Hebrew Source." Revue de Synthèse 143, no. 3-4 (December 6, 2022): 321–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552343-14234030.

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Abstract This article offers an insight into Yoḥanan Alemanno’s study of the ‘art of thinking’ through his notes from Averroes’s commentaries on Posterior Analytics, De anima and Parva naturalia. This case study represents an important example of the 15th-century Jewish learning based on the Arabic-Hebrew philosophical tradition and shows the continuity between the Provençal world and the Italian Renaissance. The textual appendix included at the end of the article aims at showing how Alemanno selected portions of Averroes’s commentaries on logic and psychology that define the role of the faculty of imagination and the processes through which we acquire true knowledge.

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Elior, Ofer. "The Affinity between Alghazali’s Intentions of the Philosophers and Maimonides’ Philosophy, According to Shalom Anabi." Zutot 17, no. 1 (November 16, 2018): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750214-12161080.

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Abstract Beginning in the late 13th century, readers of Alghazali’s Intentions of the Philosophers in the Provençal, Spanish and Italian Jewish spheres viewed this treatise as belonging to the same tradition to which the philosophical stances of Maimonides, or at least some of them, belong. Readers who espoused this view were sometimes also of the opinion that the Intentions was the direct source for Maimonides’ ideas. These views, coupled with an understanding that the tradition in question differs from the philosophical tradition whose representative is Averroes, led students of Maimonides’ philosophy to examine his stances on issues about which the two traditions were in dispute. The present Zuta shows that the same opinions and approaches were adopted and expressed by Shalom Anabi, one of the leading scholars of the Jewish intellectual community of Constantinople in the 15th century.

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Dumitrescu, Marius. "A Journey Inside the Perception of the Self-Image - from the 15th Century Italian Portrait to the Glamorized Image on the Facebook." Postmodern Openings 12, no. 3 (August 10, 2021): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/12.3/326.

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This article aims to present the philosophical perspective upon the birth of the idea of the individual and the consequences of the discovery of the self-image on the techniques of image reproduction from the Renaissance to the present day. The process of projecting the self-image into the public space acquires a special importance with the elaboration of the portrait technique in the Italian painting of the 15th century. Through Leonardo da Vinci's paintings, this technique of reproducing self-image reaches a certain perfection. Following the evolution of this kind of projections and reproductions of the self-image, it is found that there is an obvious tendency by which the individual tends to free himself from certain patterns, or rather canons, which a certain epoch imposes. This process manifested in the visual arts corresponds to a new philosophical perception of man opened by the works of Ficino and Pico della Mirandola. The assertion of a new type of dignity, correlated with the idea of the microcosm, of the Renaissance man will lead to an affirmation of his own personality and especially to an increase of the will to power reflected more and more in the works of art. With the resurgence of the Italian renaissance, artists and philosophers experienced a decline, but found a favorable space for their development at the court of Elizabeth I, Queen of England. The art of portraiture, but also the philosophy of renaissance survives and is even more flourishing at the court of this queen. But the most important moment of this renaissance is marked by Dutch art after its liberation from Spanish rule. From this moment on, the emancipation of the individual will occur on an unimaginable scale until then.

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Churga, Yu. "THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOCENTRISM ON THE WORK OF ARTISTS OF THE HIGH RENAISSANCE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 148 (2021): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.148.12.

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The article describes a number of factors that influenced the work of artists of the High Renaissance, in particular the philosophical thought of this period and changes in the worldview of people of this era. The article focuses on the origins of anthropocentrism in the intellectual sphere. The author outlines how Italy became the center of new ideas and the center of their implementation. This article was conducted to explore the impact of the philosophy of anthropocentrism on the work of Italian artists (their goals, means and evolution of the concept of "artist"). In conclusion, we can observe how interest in human nature grows, and that corporeality is not only the outer shell of man, which limits it. Artists of this period tend to realism and do not abandon the image of man and discover a new aesthetic in it. At the beginning of the 15th century the artist saw his role and believed that he was serving nature, which would teach him everything he wanted, with enough effort, patience and resources. The artist proudly demonstrates his skills in depicting animals, plants, figures, beautiful robes and landscapes, he is no longer a modest executor of someone else's will.

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Suranta, Edi. "Membentuk Sumber Daya Manusia dengan Pondasi Ihsan melalui Emotional and Spiritual Quotient (ESQ)." PARAMETER 6, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37751/parameter.v6i2.176.

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The Italian philosopher Macevelli, who lived in the 15th-16th century AD, proclaimed that to achieve the goal of a nation-state society to achieve the goal of all means can be taken as long as the goal is achieved, tricks, tricks, and even actions that are contrary to conscience can be done. The war of right thinking is happening at this time with the help of propaganda through electronic media and mass media as it is now, in building opinions. The influence change is so real and clear. Theories and ideas put into practice that was once politically marginalized now control the state. ESQ is here to answer the SQ theory, the fruit of Ari Ginanjar's thought as a role model for spiritual training guided by the pillars of faith and the pillars of Islam, which adorn cultural understanding and work ethic back to human nature such as love, honesty, responsibility, caring, discipline, togetherness, peace, back in orbit. Abstrak Filosuf italia Macevelli yang hidup diabad 15 – 16 M memproklamirkan bahwa untuk mencapai tujuan bermasyarakat berbangsa bernegara untuk mencapai tujuan segala cara dapat ditempuh asalkan tujuan tercapai, tipu daya, trik, bahkan tindakan yang bertentangan dengan hati nurani bisa dilakukan. Perang pemikiran benar terjadi pada saat ini dengan dibantu propaganda melalui media elektronik maupun media massa seperti sekarang, dalam membangun opini . Perubahan pengaruh sebegitu nyata dan terang benderang . Teori dan pemikiran dipraktekkan yang dulu termarjinalkan secara politik sekarang mengendalikan negara. ESQ hadir menjawab atas teori SQ buah pemikiran Ari Ginanjar menjadi role model pelatihan spiritual yang berpedoman pada rukun iman dan rukun Islam banyak menghiasi pemahaman budaya dan etos kerja kembali kepada fitrah manusia seperti kasih sayang, kejujuran, tanggungjawab, peduli, disiplin, kebersamaan, kedamaian, kembali dalam garis orbit.

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10

Torevell, David, and Michael James Bennett. "The Naked Truth: Temptation and the Likely ‘Fall’ of Catholic Education." Religions 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12110958.

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This article highlights one likely ‘fall’ to which Catholic education is susceptible in the modern era due to the oppressive climate in which it operates. Our critical method in arguing for this position is to oscillate between two texts—one written and one visual: Genesis 3: 1–18 and Masaccio’s painting of ‘The Expulsion’. The hope is that one will inform and enrich a deeper understanding of the other. As part of this exercise in creative hermeneutics, we first argue that the dramatic story of the fall through pride or amor sui (self-love) and its resultant feeling of shame is a universal one in which readers (listeners) glimpse the long history of their own fears and desires. Second, we show how one 15th century Italian painter represented the tragic consequences of the Faustian self by examining Masaccio’s painting in some detail. Third, we investigate St. Augustine’s writings on this narrative and suggest how some forms of self-elevation align dangerously with the promotion of the autonomous self in contemporary education. We also critically examine exegetical writings from Jewish and Christian perspectives to draw out further meanings of the narrative. Fourth, we point to the themes of hiding and forgiveness embedded in the account which leads us neatly into the last fifth section where we discuss the text’s implications for contemporary Catholic education. Here, the focus is on one likely ‘fall’ of Catholic education when it fails to live up to its distinctive mission to place love unconditionally at its centre. In a highly market-driven, managerial climate of competition where league tables, bureaucratisation, and data analysis assume an overwhelming significance allied to institutional survival and kudos, the temptation is to show the worth of the school by emphasising its examination success and employment rates rather than through its service to others, especially those who have been forgotten. Although we are highly sensitive to the conflictual demands on Catholic institutions at the present time from a variety of stakeholders, we conclude that their healthy continuation depends on their public, ethical avowal to love everyone unreservedly with assistance from God’s grace and when this aspiration fails, to seek forgiveness. The article is not concerned with strategies of resistance against those developments in education contrary to a Catholic philosophy.

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11

Lo Monaco, Mauro, and Sergio Vinciguerra. "Transitions between musical measures in 15th-century Italian dances." Early Music 43, no. 3 (August 2015): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/cav046.

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12

Kuter, Mikhail, Marina Gurskaya, Angelina Andreenkova, and Ripsime Bagdasaryan. "Asset Impairment and Depreciation before the 15th Century." Accounting Historians Journal 45, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aahj-10575.

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ABSTRACT This paper investigates impairment and depreciation accounting in the 13th to 15th century. It finds that the first known instance of impairment accounting was in 1321, while for depreciation, it was 1399 not, as has previously been claimed, 1299. The study demonstrates the difference in approach at that time between the two forms of adjustment and shows that impairment was the original form of adjustment for reduction in asset values, a form that was applied in situations where physical assets had been lost, or deteriorated, or devalued over the reporting period. In contrast, depreciation was algorithmic, linked to a time-based straight-line depreciation charge equivalent to 10 percent per annum. These findings not only relocate recognition of the emergence of depreciation provisions to the end of the 14th century but, also, from France to Spain. However, in both cases, in Italian firms with Italian accountants.

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13

Ryzhik, Michael. "Preliminaries to the Critical Edition of the Judeo-Italian Translation of the Siddur." Journal of Jewish Languages 1, no. 2 (2013): 229–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-12340015.

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Abstract This article analyzes five translations of the siddur (‘prayer book’) into Judeo-Italian. Three of the versions are manuscripts from the 15th century, one is the printed 1506 Fano edition, and the last is a manuscript from the 17th century. A common tradition underlies all of these translations and has much in common with Judeo-Provençal translations; this likely represents an ancient Judeo-Romance tradition of translation, which expresses itself differently in each manuscript. The 17th-century translation displays northern linguistic features; it is more Toscanized and normalized than the four other translations and has lost many typical traits of “classical” Judeo-Italian. The 15th-century translations also differ from one another in their spelling, phonology, morphology, vocabulary, and syntax. The main reason for this great variety seems to be the fact that the common old tradition prescribed only the general lines of translation. The biblical passages such as the Shema‘ Israel, are translated in a much more standardized way, but these passages nevertheless retain peculiarities. It therefore seems that a synoptic edition rather than a critical one must be made, in order to describe and analyze the different variations of the Judeo-Italian translations.

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Minuzzi, Sabrina. "15th-Century Practical Medicine in Print." Nuncius 36, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 199–263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03602016.

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Abstract By drawing on a comprehensive bibliographic census (ISTC) this article offers a mapping of printed medical-scientific production in 15th-century Europe, with an eye to the manuscript tradition, the authorship status, and the use of Latin and vernaculars in a century of transition that was not merely linguistic. It identifies in some titles from the practical medicine category—namely books on materia medica, regimina sanitatis booklets and short medical poems—the crucial contribution of proto-typography to the wider dissemination of medical knowledge. In regard to some long-lived titles (Regimina Sanitatis Salernitana; Il perché by Girolamo Manfredi; Cibaldone), this paper explores the evolution of their material forms in the early modern centuries in the direction of a more enjoyable style that was far from being only professional, while new methodological research paths are suggested. The sheer variety of actual readers is focused in the case of printed herbals and of the Cibaldone. The popularity of such genres is ultimately couched within the lively context of household medicine in the early modern era.

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Sparti, Barbara. "The Function and Status of Dance in the 15th-Century Italian Courts." Dance Research 14, no. 1 (April 1996): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1290824.

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Gonçalves, A. Nogueira. "Identification of a 15th century silver cross." Revista de História das Ideias 8, Tomo I (1986): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-8925_8-1_23.

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17

Laflı, Ergün, Maurizio Buora, and Denys Pringle. "Four Frankish gravestones from medieval Ephesus." Anatolian Studies 71 (2021): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154621000107.

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AbstractThis paper presents and discusses four Latin tombstones relating to Italian residents of medieval Ephesus that have been recovered from properties on the terrace of Ayasuluk (Selçuk), near the Byzantine Church of St John the Evangelist. Two of them, dating from the late 14th century, were originally published in 1937, while the other two, from the mid- 15th century, came to light more recently in January 2017.

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18

Piven, Marina G. "The Image of Dido in 15th-Century Italian Painting: An Area of Interpretation." Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art 9 (2019): 606–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa199-5-54.

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19

Pichugina, Olga K. "DEVELOPMENT OF IMITATION METHODS IN THE PAINTING PRACTICE OF THE 16th-17th CENTURY ITALIAN MASTERS." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 4(72) (December 28, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-4(72)-18.

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The article explores the imitation methods in Italian Renaissance and Baroque painting, which were widespread in the forms of copying, replication, compilation and imitation. Italian art inherited the practice of imitation from the era of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. It was the basis of apprenticeship and organization of work in art studios. Model imitation and, at the same time, search for stylistic originality from the second half of the 15th century led to the spreading of replication, compilation, imitation and emulation techniques. The practice of imitation was continued by the 17th century Italian masters in the form of self-copying. Thus, the processes of imitation in the form of copying, replication, and compilation during the Renaissance and Baroque were a major component of everyday artistic practice and produced a significant impact on its theoretical comprehension and continuation at the subsequent stages of development.

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20

Fumanal-Idocin, J., A. Alonso-Betanzos, O. Cordón, H. Bustince, and M. Minárová. "Community detection and social network analysis based on the Italian wars of the 15th century." Future Generation Computer Systems 113 (December 2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.06.030.

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21

Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava. "Theology of Nature in Sixteenth-Century Italian Jewish Philosophy." Science in Context 10, no. 4 (1997): 529–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700002805.

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The ArgumentThis paper focuses on several Italian Jewish philosophers in the second half of the sixteenth century and the first third of the seventeenth century. It argues that their writings share a certain theology of nature. Because of it, the interest of Jews in the study of nature was not a proto-scientific but a hermeneutical activity based on the essential correspondence between God, Torah, and Israel. While the theology of nature analyzed in the paper did not prevent Jews from being informed about and selectively endorsing the first phase of the scientific revolution, it did render the Jews marginal to it. So long as Jewish thinkers adhered to this theology of nature, Jews could not adopt the scientific mentality that presupposed a qualitative distinction between the Book of Nature and the Book of Scripture.

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Trexler, Richard C., and Christopher F. Black. "Italian Confraternities in the Sixteenth Century." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 21, no. 2 (1990): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204428.

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Taube. "Transmission of Scientific Texts in 15th-Century Eastern Knaan." Aleph 10, no. 2 (2010): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ale.2010.10.2.314.

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Studničková, Milada. "Pařížský rukopis Tacuinum sanitatis (Bibliothèque Nationale de France, sign. MS nouv. acq. lat. 1673) a české země." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 67, no. 1-2 (2022): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnpsc.2022.012.

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The Parisian manuscript Tacuinum sanitatis is considered to be the oldest of a series of luxurious illuminated manuscripts containing an abridged text by Ibn Butlān that were commissioned by Gian Galeazzo Visconti or aristocrats in his circle. According to a note added later, it is believed to have belonged to Viridis Visconti, wife of Leopold III, Duke of Austria, and to have remained in the possession of the Habsburgs until the 16th century. The article draws attention to previously unanalysed Czech glosses written by several scribes, which contradict this hypothesis and prove that the North Italian manuscript was in Bohemian possession for a long time in the 15th century.

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Black (book author), Christopher F., and Konrad Eisenbichler (review author). "Italian Confraternities in the Sixteenth Century." Renaissance and Reformation 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v27i2.11796.

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Schetnikov, Andrey. "Architectural Perspective in Italian paintings of the 14th century." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 14, no. 1 (2020): 339–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2020-14-1-339-365.

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This paper discusses the system of the pictorial depth representation, typical for Giotto and other Italian artists of 14th century. Differing from the linear perspective, this system has a number of peculiar features, and its own consistent logic for the formation of pictorial space. The paper is especially focused on the contradictions of such a system, which lead to the appearance of impossible figures, and the ways in which the artists solved these difficulties.

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Kane, Paula, and Mary Louise Sullivan. "Mother Cabrini: "Italian Immigrant of the Century."." Journal of American History 81, no. 2 (September 1994): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081302.

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Castiglione, Caroline. "Political Culture in Seventeenth-Century Italian Villages." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 31, no. 4 (April 2001): 523–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00221950151115070.

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Catana, Leo. "Changing Interpretations of Plotinus: The 18th-Century Introduction of the Concept of a ‘System of Philosophy’." International Journal of the Platonic Tradition 7, no. 1 (2013): 50–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725473-12341250.

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Abstract This article critically explores the history and nature of a hermeneutic assumption which frequently guided interpretations of Plotinus from the 18th century onwards, namely that Plotinus advanced a system of philosophy. It is argued that this assumption was introduced relatively late, in the 18th and 19th centuries, and that it was primarily made possible by Brucker’s methodology for the history of philosophy, dating from the 1740s, to which the concept of a ‘system of philosophy’ was essential. It is observed that the concept is absent from Ficino’s commentary from the 15th century, and that it remained absent in interpretations produced between the 15th and 18th centuries. It is also argued that the assumption of a ‘system of philosophy’ in Plotinus is historically incorrect—we do not find this concept in Plotinus’ writings, and his own statements about method point in other directions. Eduard Zeller (active in the second half of the 19th century) is typically regarded as the first to give a satisfying account of Plotinus’ philosophy as a whole. In this article, on the other hand, Zeller is seen as having finalised a tradition initiated in the 18th century. Very few Plotinus scholars have examined the interpretative development prior to Zeller. Schiavone (1952) and Bonetti (1971), for instance, have given little attention to Brucker’s introduction of the concept of a ‘system of philosophy’. The present analysis, then, has value for an understanding of Plotinus’ Enneads. It also explains why “pre-Bruckerian” interpretations of Plotinus appear alien to the modern reader; the analysis may even serve to make some sense of the hermeneutics employed by Renaissance Platonists and commentators, who are often eclipsed from the tradition of Platonism.

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Nevile, Jennifer. "'Certain Sweet Movements' the Development of the Concept of Grace in 15th-Century Italian Dance and Painting." Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research 9, no. 1 (1991): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1290643.

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Mancuso, Fulvio. "Una decisio della Rota di Siena: tra leasing e riserva di proprietà all’inizio dell’Età Moderna." TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR RECHTSGESCHIEDENIS 80, no. 3-4 (2012): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-000a1214.

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A decision of the Rota of Siena: between leasing and reservation of ownership at the beginning of Modern Times. – Late medieval and early-modern legal developments took place in Italy within the general framework of ius commune and iura propria, original legal constructs which present similar features to leasing in English law. These developments can be traced in the doctrinal corpus of the Italian ius commune tradition, but it may be surmised that they also appeared in sources related to legal practice. Thus, a case decided by the Rota of Siena in 1541–1543 shows that contractual forms similar to the leasing and to the emptio–venditio cum reservatione dominii were known and used in Italian practice, at least from the latter part of the 15th century onwards.

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Pezzè, Stefano. "“Una cerbia bianchissima e bella”." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 28 (December 31, 2016): 142–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.28.10pez.

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Considering European literature’s relationship with animals, it is immediately evident that the stag (and its feminine counterpart, the doe) performs a prominent role, and that this role has evolved considerably throughout cultures and centuries. Of further interest is the symbology associated with white stags and hinds, creatures which make several appearances in Western literature and art. Whilst the meanings they carry vary according to space and time, their main feature – being guiding animals – remains basically constant. After a presentation of the most important values of the symbol from the classics to French literature, this paper aims to explore its recurrences in Italian literature in the 14th and 15th century, in order to confirm the survival of the guiding pattern and to unravel the relationships between the Italian examples and their precedents.

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Suitner, Riccarda. "Antitrinitarismo della prima età moderna e cultura italiana." Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 102, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qufiab-2022-0002.

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Abstract This special issue is devoted to the influence of Italian culture on the Antitrinitarian movements that spread through Europe during the early modern period. One of the objectives is to go back to the period preceding the activities of Lelio and Fausto Sozzini, and to consider the influences of various trends in the Italian thought of the 15th and 16th centuries that made a crucial contribution to shaping Antitrinitarian ideas about Biblical exegesis, spirituality, baptism and the Trinity. Some papers also cover the phase following the international establishment of Socinianism. While for the first half of the sixteenth century there is a tendency to underestimate the Italian contribution to European Antitrinitarianism, the exact opposite is true for the period between the end of the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries. The perception of Antitrinitarianism changes completely and, following the international affirmation of the Sozzini, is often mistakenly identified with Socinianism, taking the part for the whole (as is still often the case today on a historiographical level).

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Battistini, Alessandro, and Niki Corradetti. "Income and working time of a Fencing Master in Bologna in the 15th and early 16th century." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apd-2016-0005.

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Abstract Since ancient times, the master-at-arms profession has always been considered essential for the education of the nobility and the common citizenship, especially in the Middle Ages. Yet, we know nothing about the real standard of living of these characters. The recent discovery of documents, which report the sums earned by fencing masters to teach combat disciplines, has brought us the possibility to estimate how highly this profession was regarded, and what its actual economic value was in the Italian late Middle Ages. They also give us also a material view into the modes of operation of a sala d’arme in those times. Using different comparative methods based on the quoted currencies, primary goods and the cost of living, it was possible to analyze prices and duration of various military teachings offered by the fencing Masters in the late Middle Ages and equivalent viable activities of the time. We use three ways to calculate equivalent income levels in euros: from the silver content of the coins (bolognini, equivalent to the soldo); from purchasing power in relation to bread prices; and from equivalent wages. As a result we were able to define more accurately both the accessibility of these services for citizens and the relative value to other professions. This cursory research study also aims to estimate approximately the current equivalent wages of a fencing master operating in the Italian peninsula in the 15th and early 16th century, confirming that this job was comparable to a modern, highly specialized, profession.

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Panagiota, Papadopoulou. "The Term ἌΔΥΤΟΝ in the Greek Religious Lexicon From the 8th Century BC to the 15th Century AD." Konštantínove listy/Constantine's Letters 12, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17846/cl.2019.12.2.3-12.

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Cimatti, Felice. "Deleuze and Italian Thought." Deleuze and Guattari Studies 13, no. 4 (November 2019): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2019.0375.

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The tradition of Italian Thought – not the political one but the poetic and naturalistic one – finds in the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze a way to enter into the new century, the century of immanence and animality. In fact, Deleuze himself remained outside the main philosophical traditions of his own time (structuralism and phenomenology). The tradition to which Deleuze refers is the one that begins with Spinoza and ends with Nietzsche. It is an ontological tradition, which deals mainly with life and the world rather than with the human subject and knowledge. Finally, the text sketches a possible dialogue between Deleuze and the poet-philosopher Giacomo Leopardi, one of the most important (and still unknown) figures of Italian Thought.

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Swieżawski, Stefan. "Beginnings of Modern Christian Aristotelism." Roczniki Filozoficzne 70, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rf2204.1.

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This is an English translation of Swieżawski’s original article titled “Początki nowożytnego arystotelizmu chrześcijańskiego,” published in Roczniki Filozoficzne 19 (1971): 41–56. The paper focuses on four main topics: (a) increased theological standing of Aristotle in the 15th century; (b) critical concerns over the compatibility of Aristotle’s philosophy with Christianity, as well as over its interpretation by Averroes; (c) search for the “historical Aristotle” and an objective assessment of the resultant interpretations of Aristotle’s philosophy; (d) identification of Thomism with Christian Aristotelianism.

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Contreras Aguirre, Sebastián. "PEDRO DE OSMA AND THE REHABILITATION OF ARISTOTELIAN PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE 15TH CENTURY." CAURIENSIA. REVISTA ANUAL DE CIENCIAS ECLESIÁSTICAS 16 (2021): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17398/2340-4256.16.289.

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Schulz, Vera-Simone. "Das Parlament der Dinge: Transmateriale und transmediale Dynamiken, Bild-Ding-Relationen und „Meta-Artefakt-Malerei“." Artium Quaestiones, no. 29 (May 7, 2019): 25–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2018.29.2.

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Studies related to artifacts, to what has been traditionally categorized as ‘high’ and ‘minor’ or ‘applied arts’, and to the materiality of art in recent years have been among the core foci of art history. More scholarly attention has also been given to the intersections between visual and material culture, not least in transcultural contexts. This paper seeks to contribute to these issues. Investigating transmaterial and transmedial dynamics between the arts, image-object interrelations as well as phenomena wherein images themselves gave the impulse to the creation of artifacts, the paper analyzes transfer processes transgressing various media and materials, 15th- and 16th-century Italian and Portuguese paintings in their Mediterranean and global entanglements, as well as 19th - and 20th-century artistic and academic approaches to objects in paintings.

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Euron, Paolo. "Buddhism in Italy in the Nineteenth Century." MANUSYA 19, no. 2 (2016): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01902004.

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First reports on Buddhism arrived in Italy in the sixteenth century through Italian Catholic missionaries. Later several scholars developed a philological and philosophical understanding of it. The attitude toward Buddhism changed from an anthropological interest to a philological study. In the academic field of philology the Theravāda tradition and the Siamese edition of Tripitaka had great importance. The spread of Buddhism in Italy in the nineteenth century also increasingly influenced Italian culture and ideas. Outside of academic debate Buddhism became a subject of apologetics and philosophy as well as a topic of general interest. This essay is based on books and printed material published in Italy before the twentieth century. It contains the complete bibliography of Italian studies on Buddhism in the nineteenth century. Some texts cited in this essay are unpublished or rare documents from Italian archives.

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Rose, F. Clifford. "European neurology from its beginnings until the 15th century: An overview." Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 2, no. 1 (January 1993): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09647049309525550.

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Penkower, Jordan S. "An Esther Scroll from the 15th Century: Determining its Type among Five Traditions (Oriental, Sefardi, Ashkenazi, Italian, Yemenite)." Textus 26, no. 1 (August 21, 2016): 209–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589255x-02601011.

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Revyakina, Nina. "Issues in children's behaviour in the pedagogical treatise of the Italian humanist of the 15th century Maffeo Vegio." St. Tikhons' University Review. Series IV. Pedagogy. Psychology 57 (June 30, 2020): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturiv202057.74-83.

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Federici Vescovini, Graziella. "La storia della filosofia medievale dei secoli XIII e XIV." Bochumer Philosophisches Jahrbuch für Antike und Mittelalter 6 (December 31, 2001): 53–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bpjam.6.04ves.

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An overview of current medieval philosophical and scientific studies would seem justified at the beginning of the 21st century. While no part of the history of philosophy has been so much despised as the Middle Ages (this period having been called until the beginning of the 20th century the ›dark ages‹), numerous internationally signi;cant studies on this topic have recently been published. Essays and monographs, critical editions, anthologies and reviews have addressed many facets of medieval thought, particularly the medieval institutional context and the intellectual life of the Middle Ages along with the history of medieval philosophy and science. This essay looks at studies of different philosophical tendencies from the end of the 13th century to the 15th century, not restricting itself to medieval Aristotelianism.

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Borowski, Andrzej. "Galleys as a Total Institution." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 6 (September 2013): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.6.86.

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Galleys as the closed/total institution/, is regarding the whereabouts of the certain number of people isolated for a long stretch from the rest of society, remaining in the similar situation, of which the behaviour is under almost the total control of the staff of this institution. In the period of the antiquity slaves were the basic driving force of galleys but their fate resulted from the social status. In the period of the Middle Ages, galley slaves, called in Italian galeotti, they were free people, and their profession enjoyed the respect. Above all in France they have more and more often started with the 15th century to use galleys as the place of serving a penalty of imprisonment. This situation lasted to the mass scale till the XVIII century second-half, leaving in the social awareness stereotype of the galley slave.

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Valenti, Gianluca. "Affioramenti di lessico artistico nella letteratura italiana delle Origini." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0007.

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Abstract In the first part of this paper, an overview of the commonly adopted approaches to the study of technical vocabularies in Old Italian is provided: in particular, it is confirmed that traditionally, researchers exploit documents such as treatises, translations, and practical texts – mostly composed from the 15th century to the present – to gather new information on the Italian lexicon of art. In the second section, the author argues that it is possible to expand the research beyond these chronological and typological borders, and find occurrences of technical words in literary texts from the 13th and 14th centuries. Since many of these terms are also part of everyday vocabulary, their artistic meaning is hard – but not impossible – to identify. Thus, the examples of terra bianca (‘white soil’) and marmo cotto (‘cooked marble’) are introduced in order to show an alternative method of verifying the presence of semantic technicisms in old literary texts.

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Hryszko, Rafał. "The Sweet War, or How Military Campaigns of Alfonso V of Aragon Affected the Eating Habits in Early to Mid-15th Century." Perspektywy Kultury 26, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2019.2603.11.

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Starting from the time of James I the Conqueror (1213-1276) the Kingdom of Aragon started its Mediterranean expansion. Following successive military expeditions, its conquests included: Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands (1229-1235), Sicily (1282) and Sardinia (1323-1324). The culmination of this process was the involvement of a Alfons V the Magnanimous (1416-1458) in the war for the Kingdom of Naples, which began in 1420. After 22 years of intermittent struggle, in 1442, Alfons V the Magnanimous eventually captured Naples, which in the years to come became one of the leading centers of the Italian Renaissance. The appearance of foreign domination in southern Italy suddenly entailed the transfer of Catalan culture, language and customs. Among the latter, Catalan culinary traditions formed at the end of the fourteenth century also occupied an important place. It was during this period that a significant change took place in the Kingdom of Aragon regarding the role and the circumstances of eating sweets by its financial and political elites. Until then, confectioneries were served as part of dessert at the end of the main meal (dinner or feast), while in the period discussed their consumption considerably shifted in time. Initially, their consumption was still associated with the various elements of the feasting etiquette (e.g. dancing, amusements, other meals). With time, the ceremonial of eating sweets transformed into a separate meal of sweet snacks, referred to by the Catalan term of col·lació. It quickly became a solemn, independently functioning type of feast, with an established ceremonial and setting. Under what circumstances were Catalan eating practices transplanted to Italian context? What influence did the ruler and his military operations have on the enrichment of Italian feasting with new ele ments of Catalan provenance? – Such questions define the direction of the considerations made by the author of the paper.

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Yamey, Basil S. "TWO-CURRENCY, NOSTRO AND VOSTRO ACCOUNTS: HISTORICAL NOTES, 1400–1800." Accounting Historians Journal 38, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.38.2.125.

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ABSTRACT Suppose a merchant in country A has dealings with an agent in country B. The indebtedness between the merchant (principal) and his foreign correspondent (agent) has to be settled in terms of B's currency. Fluctuations in the exchange rate give rise to gains or losses, borne by the merchant. This paper discusses one accounting treatment (in the principal's ledger) of the dealings between domestic principal and foreign agent. It also considers the treatment where the merchant serves as agent for a foreign principal. The discussion is illustrated by references to two 15th century Italian ledgers and to passages in several treatises on bookkeeping and accounts published in the period 1400 to 1800.

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Woźniak, Ewa, and Magdalena Gozdek. "Jakim językiem XVI-wieczni pisarze reformacyjni pisali o wychowaniu dzieci (Gliczner, Kwiatkowski, Lorichius)?" Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 25, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2018.25.2.17.

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The article is devoted to stylistic properties of three pedagogical works that were published in Protestant circles in the 16th century Poland. The first one is the translation from Latin of the treatise written by German Protestant theologian Reinhard Lorichius titled Księgi o wychowaniu i o ćwiczeniu każdego przełożonego (1558), the second one is the Polish publication of Erazm Gliczner’s Książki o wychowaniu dzieci bardzo dobre, pożyteczne i potrzebne (1558) and the third one is the treatise written by the Italian humanist from the 14th and 15th century titled Książeczki rozkoszne a wielmi użyteczne o poćciwym wychowaniu […] dziatek (1564), translated by Marcin Kwiatkowski. The authors of the analysis recognised didacticism, vividness and erudition as the predominant stylistic features of discussed works. They proved that the 16th century books on upbringing of children had been addressed to readers of every denomination and lacked elements of religious polemics on the linguistic and stylistic level. The ideas of the Reformation can be connected mainly with popularization of the Bible, which was used as the source of exempla and sententiae in the works by Lorichius and Gliczner.

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Schweickard, Wolfgang. "Note sulla storia lessicale di caviaro / caviale." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 1 (March 7, 2018): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0010.

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AbstractItalian caviaro / caviale ʻsturgeon roeʼ is a borrowing from Greek χαβιάρι. The Greek term, which dates back to the 9th century, does not derive from Turkish, as has often been assumed so far. The chronology of the historical records clearly shows that, on the contrary, Turkish havyar, which does not appear before the 14th century, is a borrowing from Greek. The merchandise and the term became known in Italy in the 13th/14th centuries in the wake of Black Sea trade. The type caviale appears mainly in Genoese documents, whereas caviaro is tipical for Venetian sources. As far as Tuscan caviale is concerned, it cannot be decided with certainty if it was modelled on Genoese caviale or if it is the result of an independent development. Whatever the case, in the course of the 16th/17th centuries Tuscan caviale made its way as the Italian standard variant. On the basis of the Venetian type caviaro, from the 15th century onwards, the term has spread all over Europe (Sp. caviar, Fr. caviar, Germ. Kaviar, etc.).

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