Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philosophie expérimentale'
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Pépin, François. "Philosophie expérimentale et chimie chez Diderot." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100140.
Full textThe experimental philosophy which Diderot constructs in The Interpretation of Nature, can be considered as a central concept in Diderot's philosophy of knowledge. It is first defined as a practise of philosophy taken in a social division of intellectual work. Starting from a frame taken from Bacon, it permits to go deeper into the practical and experimental plane of knowledge, underlining the philosophical dignity of arts and skips. It is in that view that the interest in chemistry can be grasped in its full scope. As a practical knowledge and a theoretical effort, chemistry offers a model to conceive the convection of facts and the preparation of experiments in the spirit of experimental philosophy. To begin with, chemistry thus intervenes as a place to think the entrenchment of a specific theorization and conceptualisation in experimental work. By taking further both his own analysis on the arts and Venel's on chemistry, Diderot developed a precise conception of experimental abstraction based on the analogical genius of practitioners. The convection between the body and knowledge then has to be reconsidered, which is well translated by the original use of luminous images to think out knowledge. It secondly permits to consider the applications from a chemical point of view of experimental philosophy: specifying a criticism of metaphysics and physicomathematical sciences, reconsidering natural necessity and the living in a materialistic scope concerned with the specificity of certain natural regions
Réhault, Sébastien. "Métaphysique des propriétés esthétiques : une défense du réalisme." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN21022/document.
Full textThis study is a work in philosophical aesthetics and metaphysics. The main hypothesis examined and defended is that aesthetic realism is the best explanation of aesthetic normativity. Antirealist explanations are discussed and criticized. An ontology and an epistemology for aesthetic properties are proposed. Lastly, ethical implications of aesthetic realism are highlighted
Rod, Françoise. "Une recherche plastique expérimentale, vers une perception élargie." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080797.
Full textThis theoretical and practical thesis concerns the place and function, in the universe of the human being in general and the artist in particular. The analysis of my key works (created between 1981 and 1992) suggest the answers. The perceptive attitude of the artist that originates from the work will define the perceptive attitude that the viewer will adopt towards it. The evolution of these two attitudes is parallel, and is examined by phenomenological methods. During this work the visual perception of nature transforms itself into an interior corporal perception. In other words, the relation between subject and object develops into a correlation between the perceiving subject and the perceived subject. This attempt of unification inside the subject (artist) becomes equally effective inside the viewer when he adheres and complies with the symbolic transfer to which the sculptures invite. The active and symbolic participation of the viewer is compared to the one that exists in art that has magic and or therapeutic characteristics. This operational character of the work of art can be discovered within the contradictions and interrogations of contemporary art. This possible interaction between art and life once again questions the function of art and actualizes the links existing between ethics and esthetics
Lavelle, Sylvain. "Essai de philosophie dialectique : fondements théoriques et pratiques de la recherche expérimentale." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040198.
Full textGourbin, Gilles. "La politique expérimentale de Diderot." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H218.
Full textIn the past forty years Diderot’s work has enjoyed a wide recognition with one important exception: his politics. The author of “Mémoires pour Catherine II” is usually considered as having “ideas” or “views” on politics but not an elaborate political theory. The absence of a treatise on politics in his nonetheless abundant works led to the conclusion that his varied thoughts on many political objects did not constitute a coherent and constant theory. Contraryto this commonplace belief my research aims to show that there is an authentic political reflexion in his works: his separate political writings not only form a coherent whole but are congruent with his philosophical works. This coherence is already conceived in his “Pensées sur l’interprétation de la nature” which establishes the principles of experimental philosophy, which preside over the creation of the whole of Diderot’s works. This experimental philosophy is less the method from natural sciences applied to politics than a way of thinking first tested on natural realities before applying it to social realities. My research highlights his “experimental politics” in the elaboration of his “political metaphysics” or in his way to experiment writing in politics, as well as in his ideas on the economy, the art of government,the best government, or the seizure of power
Le, Bihan Soazig. "Comprendre les phénomènes quantiques." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN21008/document.
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Ohana, Maurice-Marc. "Comportements réciproques et relation salaire - effort : une approche expérimentale." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32031.
Full textThe self-interest hypothesis is not operative in a lot of circumstances. Simple experimental games show that people are not exclusively motivated by their own monetary payoffs but also by reciprocity's considerations. Reciprocity is even essential in order to understand crucial economic phenomena like the problem of employee's motivation: Reciprocity represents an effective effort elicitation device. My experiment shows however that social comparisons between employees affect, under some circumstances, the incentive's mechanism based on reciprocity. The last part of this work discusses the absence of explicit context in laboratory experiments. First, I sustain that it represents the specificity of economic experiment. Then I argue that it does not constitute an unconditional criticism of the experimental practice
Berkat, Mohammed. "Education et philosophie : la transposition didactique entre ouverture et achèvement : l'approche philosophique du langage de la méthodologie de la psychologie expérimentale comme modèle d'une didactique générale : explications, analyses et commentaires de textes choisis." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/berkat_m.
Full textLa transposition didactique est un concept qui s'astreint à la mise en forme et en mouvement des connaissances et des savoirs complexes et à haute densité discursive. Dans son ouverture aux choses de l'être des apprenants et des institutions, elle devient un concept problématique, polysémique et englobant. Comment transposer des notions, des contenus difficiles d'accès à des auditoires présumés apprenants sans pour autant en altérer le sens ? Peut-on passer d'un savoir "originaire", descriptif à un savoir "dérivé", prescriptif sans en changer l'argumentation et en infirmer les affirmations et les résultats qu'il tente de mettre en forme ? Qu'est-ce que le texte "dérivé", prescriptif emprunte t-il, enlève t-il et ajoute t-il au texte "originaire", descriptif ? Et pourquoi procède t-il ainsi ? Telles étaient les questions que nous nous sommes posées tout au long de cette recherche, qui s'imposent à tout chercheur qui s'ouvre et qui questionne en direction des choses des apprenants et de l'enseignement. L'ouverture aux choses est une technique très ancienne. Celui qui en use, se donne le temps de la taxonomisation des choses du monde les mieux réparties pour enfin passer à la taxinomisation des choses englobantes, claires et distinctes. L'important pour nous est la recherche du sens de ce concept problématique lorsqu'il est question du passage d'un savoir savant à un savoir à être enseigné. Classer à travers des Manuels didactiques ce qui est honorable de connaître et qui n'est pas honorable de l'enseigner, ce qui est gnosiologiquement connaissable et non-scolarisable, est aussi la tâche de toute transposition didactique réussie. Dans ce classement, l'ouverture sur l'âme, sur la genèse des connaissances et des savoirs sont des tâches de la transposition didactique qui se trace la critique de la provenance des concepts et des idées, en tant que démarche pour la compréhension et l'appréhension des actes de la visée, des états et des processus cognitifs expérimentaux. Trois paradigmes sont contrastés dans toutes pratiques dès lors qu'il est question de la mise en forme et en mouvement des connaissances et des savoirs. En effet, si le paradigme pragmatique est organisé autour du possible et le paradigme nomothétique est organisé autour de la preuve, alors le paradigme herméneutique est organisé autour du sens des propositions. Ce dernier paradigme qui reflète le classement des arguments et des figures rhétoriques des discours, nous a préoccupé tout au long de ce travail
Hawken, Johanna. "Philosopher avec les enfants : enquête théorique et expérimentale sur une pratique de l'ouverture d'esprit." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H219/document.
Full textChildhood is the age of an awakening of intellectual and existential capacities, but this developmental stage is not indicative of a philosophical inability of children, who may display spontaneous philosophical tendencies through their faculty for surprise, their quest for meaning and their intuitions about the world. This natural affinity of children for the conceptual world makes philosophy the ideal medium to introduce education in thinking. Thus, for the past forty years or so, the philosophy for children movement has defended the need to train critical, reflexive and dialectic minds. In order to reinvent a pedagogic method best suited to a child's mindset, this training has developed in the form of collective debate centred on the exchange of ideas, the exercise of intellectual capacities and the construction of conceptual thinking, argued and problematized around the universal challenges of the human condition. In this context (and that of our study), philosophers for children are strongly in favour of defending an openness of mind, from two standpoints: as the development of rational abilities and as the first steps towards a capacity for intersubjective understanding. Philosophical discussion allows children to open their minds, thanks to the dynamic of exploring ideas, issues and arguments and learning about the availability of new, external and pluralistic thoughts. The question is therefore whether philosophy for children could be conceived as an intellectual and ethical practice to achieve open-mindedness
Legée, Georgette. "P. Flourens (1794-1867) physiologiste et historien des sciences : sa place dans l'évolution de la physiologie expérimentale." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040171.
Full textP. Flourens, medical doctor from the faculty of Montpellier was the descendant of an old languedocian family of master-surgeons. He received his first education from a doctrinarian who became a priest in a small village of the Cevennes. Researches in several public and chiefly private archives have allowed the rectification of errors in his biography. His scientific career and works were influenced by his professors in Montpellier (Lordat, A. P. De Candolle) and later in Paris (G. Cuvier, E. Geoffroy-St-Hilaire, also Desttut de Tracy). His scientific achievements hold an important place in the evolution of experimental physiology, chiefly in neurophysiology and in bone physiology. Flourens always mentions the previous works having motivated his reflexions and his experimental researches and it was indispensable to follow the evolution of the experimental method and the obtained results in order to formulate the most correct judgment on his work and to compare it, chiefly as regards neurophysiology with that of his French contemporary fellow scientists (Magendie, Claude Bernard) and of the foreigners; then to indicate the new pathways offered to further research or to practical application (e. G. Anesthesia, osteology). His most original results were the discovery of the function of the semi-circular canals of the internal ear. His more important pupil was A. Vulpian. Flourens has shown a very pronounced historical sense which he has manifested simultaneously with his literary qualities in specialized works and in historical elogies written by him as perpetual secretary of the Académie des Sciences
Grégis, Fabien. "La valeur de l'incertitude : l'évaluation de la précision des mesures physiques et les limites de la connaissance expérimentale." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC035.
Full textA measurement result is never absolutely accurate: it is affected by an unknown "measurement error" which characterizes the discrepancy between the obtained value and the "true value" of the quantity intended to be measured. As a consequence, to be acceptable a measurement result cannot take the form of a unique numerical value, but has to be accompanied by an indication of its "measurement uncertainty", which enunciates a state of doubt. What is the value of measurement uncertainty? What is its numerical value: how does one calculate it? What is its epistemic value: how one should interprete a measurement result? Firstly, we describe the statistical models that contemporary metrology uses to perform uncertainty analysis, and we show that the issue of the interpretation of probabilities is vigorously debated. This debate brings out epistemological issues, some metrologists insisting ir particular on the subjective aspects of measurement. Secondly, we examine the philosophical elaboration of metrologists in their technical works, where they criticize the use of the notion of "true value" of a physical quantity. We then challenge this elaboration and defend such a notion The third part turns to a specific use of measurement uncertainty in order to address our thematic from the perspective of precision physics, considering the activity of the adjustments of physical constants. In the course of this activity, physicists have developed a dynamic conception of the accuracy of their measurement results, oriented towards a future progress of knowledge, and underlining the epistemic virtues of a never-ending process of identification and correction of measurement errors
Proust, Jeanne. "La volonté et ses pathologies : psychologie expérimentale et théorie de l'âme chez Théodule Ribot." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H214/document.
Full textThéodule Ribot, considered as the father of experimental psychology in France and founder of the “Revue Philosophique de la France et de l'Etranger”, attained during his lifetime an undisputed and widely acknowledged authority that is not easily measured today. Known largely for his ambition to emancipate psychology from philosophy in order to constitute it as an independent science, his thought is often reduced, however, to its physiological positivism aspects, which fails to make justice to the imprint that philosophy had left on his work as a psychologist or, more generally, to the complexity and originality of his "new" psychology. The purpose of this dissertation is to offer a comparative and critical reflection on the problem of the definition of will and its disorders in light of Ribot's work, where will is predominantly interpreted from the pathological angle of its "dissolution." We emphasize the innovative ambitions of this pathological method, which purports to shed light on the normal evolution of psychological phenomena through their regression. By observing the manifestations of abnormal will under the prism of "dissolution," the psychologist is able to produce a description of the physiological process at work in will as it presents in its normal state. In seeking to distance himself from both metaphysics and naive introspection, Ribot intends to introduce a different approach to mental facts that -unconcerned with condemning ill will- seeks first and foremost to sift it through the sieve of scientific scrutiny. This dissertation intends to add nuance to the idea of a radical separation between the analysis of will as a function and/or faculty of the soul in the classical philosophical tradition, and Ribot's experimental psychology approach with the aim of interrogating to what extent the "physiological thesis" falters over several aspects of the characterization of voluntary power, and the ways in which Ribot suggests to reassess the polymorphic nature of our willpower
Allard, Aurelien. "Le mérite : signification, possibilité et valeur." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080012.
Full textThe idea of merit holds a special status in contemporary societies. Like equality or liberty, merit enjoys a very high degree of support in many western countries. However, contrary to other moral principles, the idea of merit suffers from a very high degree of skepticism within the philosophical literature. We defend in this dissertation that this skepticism is unjustified, and that merit owes its popularity to the fact that it is a fundamental moral principle. The originality of this dissertation lies in part in the recourse to psychological experiments used to study folk perception of fundamental philosophical problems. This recourse to empirical methods is justified by the idea that every moral theory should be a rationalization of folk intuitions. The deep anchoring of merit in commonsense morality constitutes a major justification of the value of merit. Furthermore, we put forward three other justifications. Merit also plays a fundamental role in the promotion of collective welfare, ensures the harmony of private and public interest, and contributes to the constitution of a community of values. This four-fold justification enables us to defend the necessity of inscribing merit within a pluralist theory of social justice
Marquis, Sylvain. "L'attitude spéculative dans les arts sonores actuels : exploration et méthodologie." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA083722.
Full textSupported by an approach associating exploration and reflexivity, this study investigates sound practices at large, bearing designations as broad as new gestures, experimental musics, audio arts, sound arts, sonic arts or open musics, but also many other denominations associated to specific fields: free improvisation, noise, new instrument making, glitch, clicks and cuts, plunderphonics, radiophonic art, soundscape, drones, micro-sounds, field recording, laptop performance, sound poetry or software art. The many questions triggered by current audio arts are being investigated in three parts. The first part is a historiographical take on the epistemology of music study, and a confrontation to the particular question of audio arts. These observations lead to a second part, which attempts to sketch a conjunctive musicology based on William James' empiricism and pragmatism. The third part of this study outlines a reasoned exploration of audio arts via the conjunctive method, and proposes a typology of the speculative attitude
Cova, Florian. "L'architecture de la cognition morale." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0024.
Full textIn this thesis, our general aim is to describe the general organization of moral cognition, i. E. The set of psychological mechanisms involved in the formation of moral judgments. More precisely, we claim that, to achieve a full understanding of our moral psychology, we need to distinguish between three different kinds of moral judgments: moral judgments about what happens (good or bad), moral judgments about agents' dispositions (praiseworthy or blameworthy) and judgments about agents' responsibility for a given event. For each kind of moral judgment, we describe the underlying mechanism, and the way it interacts with the others. Finally, we draw some conclusions for moral psychology and philosophy
Mirabile, Patricia. "Comment on raisonne sur les explications : philosophie et psychologie du raisonnement explicatif." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL005.
Full textThis research investigates how people reason about explanations: what role do they play in people's inferences, how do they guide people's exploration strategies, and how do they sometimes lead them to endorse false beliefs? These theoretical questions are motivated by the philosophy of reasoning, knowledge and logic. They are pursued with the rigorous empirical methods of cognitive science, using behavioral experiments with realistic and concrete materials. The thesis starts with an examination of the empirical adequacy of inference to the best explanation, an explanatory inference rule that philosophers have theorized to provide grounds for warranted belief in non-deductive contexts. Next, it puts inferentialism to the test, a novel semantic of conditionals according to which the interpretation of a conditional depends on the strength of the relationship between antecedent and consequent, which can be deductive, inductive, or abductive in nature. Then, it considers how other epistemic attitudes, and in particular pursuit decisions, take into account the explanatory quality of the hypotheses being investigated. Finally, it develops an account of belief in conspiracy theories that proposes two types of sources for their appeal: people's predisposition to conspiracist ideation and the explanatory virtues that these theories appear to exhibit. The finding that explanatory considerations play an important role in reasoning and cognition contributes both to the philosophical and psychological literatures; it also emphasizes how fruitful an alliance between these two fields can prove for research in cognitive science
Quinz, Emanuele. "Esthétiques des paysages sonores." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082226.
Full textGuillon, Alain. "Étude épistémologique et didactique de l'activité expérimentale en vue de l'enseignement et de l'apprentissage des démarches du physicien, dans le cadre des travaux pratiques de première et deuxième années d'université." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112486.
Full textFavereau, Judith. "L'approche expérimentale du J-Pal en économie du développement : un tournant épistémologique?" Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995118.
Full textThurloy, Jean-François. "Pourfour du Petit (1664-1741) ou les prémices de la physiologie expérimentale : un homme au cœur du renouveau médical au Siècle des lumières." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0037.
Full textMember of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris, François Pourfour du Petit (1664-1741), ophthalmologist, doctor, surgeon, botanist, leaves to posterity a large number of works. From Collège Dormans-Beauvais to the Royal Academy of Sciences, his career follows that of the first biological revolution that began in the 16th century. From his letter of 1710, we note the evidence of the pyramidal tract and on his 1727's dissertation, we can retain the requalification of the intercostal nerve : from the cerebral nerve, he becomes a spinal nerve. His numerous dissertations on ocular anatomy, published in the History and Dissertations of the Royal Academy of Sciences between 1727 and 1731, give him a precursory role in the history of nascent ophthalmology. But it is above all a method that should be highlighted. Although the concept of experimental physiology seems to belong to the nineteenth century, it is the foundation on which François Pourfour Du Petit's anatomical investigations are based
April, Marie-Josée. "Le consentement comme risque partagé : l'exigence éthique dans la problématique du consentement à la recherche expérimentale impliquant des ±sujets¿ humains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24748/24748.pdf.
Full textRoux, Guillaume. "Prélinguistique et linguistique dans la période des premiers mots : approches historique, épistémologique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829373.
Full textCardoso, Caron Jean-Pierre. "L'indétermination à l’oeuvre : John Cage et l´identité de l'oeuvre musicale." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080134/document.
Full textWe propose in the present thesis to identify some consequences of indeterminacy in musical works as it appears in the works of John Cage. The first chapter discusses various approaches to musical ontology in analytic philosophy. We detect a pressure that is intrinsic to the philosophical endeavor in the sense of a greater purification of concepts pertaining to the concerned category, which in turn lead to a hypostasis of historical aesthetic categories as constituents of the musical work as such. The work of Cage functions here as a short circuit in the common practice of maintaining recognizable identities in individual works, defying every model of ontology that presupposes these stable identities for the understanding and the definition of a work. In the chapters II and III we try to make clear this duplicity of the work of Cage- on one side, it breaks radically with pre- and philosophical concepts of the work of art; on the other side, it uses the normativity of action that is present in the social practices characterizing concert music in order to constitute itself as a rupture- through our engagement with a musical morphology inspired by the philosophy of Wittgenstein. In the end, we strive to offer some reflections on an aesthetic nominalism that is being outlined throughout the thesis. This nominalism proposes basically that each work is responsible for its own conditions of identification- an hypothesis that holds a possibility for the understanding of indeterminacy as a form of critical composition. This idea is then examined in relation to some ideas by Theodor Adorno
Saladin, Matthieu. "Esthétique de l'improvisation libre : étude d'une pratique au sein des musiques expérimentales au tournant des années 1960-1970 en Europe." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010589.
Full textDeclerck, Gunnar. "Phénoménologie et psychologie du tangible : éléments pour une théorie de la valeur cognitive et pratique de la résistance." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1865.
Full textMan, even though hem ay sometimes dream of being a pure spirit free from all materialconstraints, actually exists as a body in a world which is itself essentially constructed as a spatialized system of bodies ; and in this constructed world features such as resistance, impenetrability, inertia, weight and forces are not accidents or exceptions but the rule. The reflexions presented in this work aim at elucidating on a phenomenological level the relation that man entertains with the tangible aspects of his environment, and the function that this relation plays in the construction of the differents sectors of his existence. The first of the sectors is perception : the opening on an ambient world that is pregnant with organisation and meaning. On the one hand, we shall take into account and conceptualize the way in which the tangibility of the world (the testing experience that the individual can have of resistance of his environment in the frame of a direct bodily relation with that environment, but more generally the understanding that the individual possesses of the very possibility of such a relation) participates in setting up the rationality by which man renders his world intelligible. On the other hand, we shall identify the structures of « subjectivity » (to speak the language of psychology, the structures of cognition) which make possible the specific way in which man constructs his experience and understanding of tangible resistance – whether this resistance is perceived in the context of an actual bodily engagement, or whether it is envisaged « indirectly » in the guise of a « simple » possibility. We shall show here, on the basis of phenomenological analyses as well as elements coming from empirical psychology (experimental psychology as well as neuropsychology), that the relation that ma has with the resistance of his ambient world depends on an opening towards the possible; and that the organisation of the ambient world in the form of a space which can contain material structures, or structures capable of opposing a resistance to the body, depends on a rationality which consists of making phenomena intelligible by interpreting them with reference to those capacities for action and for passion which the body confers on us, to the power that the body provides us with and the constraints to which it submits us. Thus, even though the realm of material things – tangible objects, bodies – functions as an archetype of « presense » and of « being » (indeed, what is more « real » than a body ?), in the last resort it gains its phenomenal character form the fact that it crystallizes for the person who perceives it a stream of virtual possibilities; hence, the here-and-now presence of the « tangible world » is in an essential way indebted to the realm of that which is not actually realized
Pacquet, Clara. "Signature et achevé en soi : esthétique, psychologie et anthropologie chez Karl Philipp Moritz (1756-1793)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0001.
Full textMoritz's writings on art are characterised by an essentiel tension : on the one hand, the work of art is considered to be "ein in sich selbst Vollendete", a self dependent whole, wich possesses an entirely internal purposiveness ; on the other hand, Moritz describes and understands the work of art - as well as the relationships between art and nature, work of art and beholder - through the metaphor of the trace, the imprit or the signature : All signs denote nothing but incompleteness. On the basis of this comprehension of the work of art Moritz establishes a dialogue between the beholder and the artist conjoining creation and reception on the field of interpretation
Achour-Benallegue, Amel. "La relation d'agentivité avec les icones faciales sous la lumière des mécanismes de l'émotion incarnée : une approche de psychologie expérimentale au service d'une anthropologie de l'art." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0186.
Full textThis thesis deals with the relationship with facial representations in art (e.g. portraits, busts, masks, etc.), referred to, here, as "facial icons". This relationship is examined in the light of embodied emotion. The hypothesis is that facial icons might trigger facial mimicry and emotional contagion in the same way as human facial expressions. This thesis places the issue within Alfred Gell's theory of art agency, suggesting that facial mimicry and emotional contagion are cognitive means that might participate in the abduction of the agency of facial icons. The approach is interdisciplinary, it proposes a hypothesis in an anthropological framework, then approaches it according to a methodology of cognitive sciences. Experimental studies (questionnaire, EMG, SAM) are conducted to test parts of the hypothesis
Thiers, Bettina. "Poétiques expérimentales et engagement : Poésie concrète, visuelle, sonore et pièces radiophoniques expérimentales dans l'espace germanophone de 1945 à 1970." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2018.
Full textConcrete, visual and sound poetry, as well as experimental radio plays, appearing in the early 1950s in Germany, Switzerland and Austria specifically, have until now been perceived as formal games with language, sparing their authors from taking any political position with regards to reality. Given this narrow understanding of the sartrian concept of “engaged literature”, experimental poetry hence appeared as “disengaged.” And yet, authors insist on the deconstruction of traditional poetry, of linguistic norms and of the Occidental vision of culture. As a consequence, shouldn’t we also understand experimental literary forms as political in the sense that they shatter our traditional vision and experience of the world? The distance taken from reality leads to what Rancière calls “political subjectivity”, by which he means the emancipation of the individual from a fixed social identity through news ways of saying and thinking. Analyzing the political intention inherent to specific poetical choices, this study offers a poetic approach of literary political engagement
Meïmoun, François. "La construction du langage musical de Pierre Boulez : la Première Sonate pour piano." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0040.
Full textAt a time when numerous studies have already been carried out on Boulez stone, both biographically and analytically, little research has been done on his young years as a composer. in fact, the first works that Boulez wrote in his catalogue were composed at the end of the conservatory. his academic training was very brief and, from these first compositions, Pierre Boulez wanted to create a new language, even unheard of, wishing that his musical thought did not reveal any discernible influence of the past. But how was the evolution of his artistic and creative thinking organized in this short space of time? with what musical, literary, pictorial references did it operate? but above all, with what compositional means? what were, in a word, the successive milestones of this claimed clean table?how do traces of his successive evolutions appear in his partitions? how is observed, in the musical thought and writing of p. Boulez, this progressive conflict that took place between the official modernity (a. Honegger, the young group france, ...) and the nascent vanguard initially grouped around Rene Leibowitz’s personality, more on the margins?this vast study, for which I have already undertaken many analyses in the above-mentioned directions, has the ambition, in addition to analysing the musical and intellectual life of a little known part of the existence of a major composer of our time, to want to go back to the source of a musical and aesthetic language that was built in a very short space of time and in a historical, intellectual and musical moment in complete upheaval
Astier, Frédéric. "La philosophie orale de Gilles Deleuze et son rôle dans l'élaboration de son œuvre écrite." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082865.
Full textThe audiocassette recordings of Gilles Deleuze at the University of Paris 8, 1979-1987 (177 courses, 400 hours) transport us, his listeners and readers, in the ebb and flow of the words lines and chapters of the philosopher. His classes were the moment at which he could sharpen an idea or elaborate a concept out of an abstraction, then create concrete examples that would captivate and address specialists and non-philosophers alike. A philosophical notion repeated in class would enrich itself with a multitude of artistic, political, and scientific references; anecdotes shaped lifestyles as well as conceptual approaches. These various points of view led to a form of experimentation. In the same movement, a new philosophical vocabulary and a pedagogical approach were invented. Far from the academic philosophy, the teachings of Gilles Deleuze at Vincennes resulted in an unprecedented encounter, an inauguration of creative reasoning and the virtual. According to a dialogical style of teaching, his oral philosophy was a prerequisite to his books and a laboratory necessary to the unfolding of the "affect of the concept". Oral philosophy is followed today by the movement towards "become-listener" thus linking with oral tradition, creative writing, the transmission of philosophical notions and living university research
Reinecke, Robert. "Presuppositions : an experimental investigation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN067.
Full textSpeakers communicate more than what they explicitly state. For this reason, addressees rely on linguistic and extra-linguistic cues to recover different levels of explicit and implicit meaning. Presupposition triggers are one of these cues. These are linguistic expressions or constructions (e.g. change of state verbs, factive verbs, it-clefts, etc.) which trigger the recovery of propositions that the speaker presupposes, or takes for granted, for the purpose of the conversation. This thesis investigates the phenomenon of presupposition within the framework of experimental pragmatics, and it comprises three studies based on the following experimental methods: judgement-tasks, EEG method and grip-force sensor method. This thesis combines a social perspective, which focuses on reputation-management via alternative discourse strategies (Study 1), with a cognitive perspective, which examines the cognitive costs and sensori-motor correlates associated with presupposition processing (Studies 2 and 3). Study 1 examines the impact of different discourse strategies (saying, implicating and presupposing) on the attribution of speaker commitment towards the message communicated. By operationalizing commitment as a function of the reputational cost (drop of trust) related to the transmission of false information, Study 1 shows that presupposing is perceived as equally committal than saying and more committal than implicating. Study 2 investigates the cognitive costs associated with targeting presuppositions in discourse continuations. By focusing on additive contexts introduced by the French discourse particle aussi, Study 2 shows that felicitous discourse continuations targeting a presupposition elicit the same ERP response than felicitous discourse continuations targeting an asserted context. This finding suggests that when presupposition processing is part of an appropriate, pragmatically felicitous, discourse strategy, it does not come with any additional cognitive costs. Study 3 examines the sensori-motor correlates of processing action-related language in presuppositional constructions (complement clause of factive verbs) and non-presuppositional ones (complement clause of non-factive verbs). The results show that the former elicit a greater sensori-motor activation than the latter, thus revealing that presupposed information, whose truth is taken for granted, is processed differently from information whose truth has not been established in discourse. Overall, this thesis contributes to the study of presupposition by providing empirical evidence in support of the theoretical distinction between different layers of meaning. On the one hand, it shows that their employment leads to different commitments in discourse and has implications on the interpersonal negotiation of trust. On the other hand, it shows that while presupposition processing is not inherently more costly from a cognitive perspective, its cognitive correlates (such as the engagement of the sensori-motor system) can differ from those mapping information with a different discourse status
Cremers, Alexandre. "On the semantics of embedded questions." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE006/document.
Full textTwo important questions arise from the recent literature on embedded questions.First, Heim (1994) proposed that embedded questions are ambiguous betweena weakly and strongly exhaustive reading. Spector (2005) recently proposedan intermediate exhaustive reading as well. Second, adverbs of quantity such as’mostly’ can quantify over answers to an embedded questions (Berman, 1991). Ananalysis of this phenomena reveals an analogy between embedded questions andplural determiner phrases, and suggests a fine-grained structures for the denotationof questions (Lahiri, 2002).The first part of the dissertation consist of three psycholinguistic studies on theexhaustive readings of questions under ‘know’ in English, the acquisition of thesereadings under ‘savoir’ by French 5-to-6-ear-olds, and the properties of emotivefactivepredicates such as ‘surprise’. The second part presents a theory of embeddedquestions built on Klinedinst and Rothschild’s (2011) proposal to derive exhaustivereadings as implicatures, although it differs in the fine-grained structureit adopts for questions denotations in order to account for plurality effects as well.The theory solves problem raised by B. R. George (2013) and makes predictions fora larger range of sentences
Noirard, Stéphanie. "Faire,défaire, refaire : George Bruce, Iain Crichton Smith, Norman MacCaig, trois poètes de la Renaissance écossaise en quête d'un nouvel espace poétique." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070087.
Full textThe three contemporary scottish poets studied in this work come from contrasting geographic, cultural and linguistic backgrounds and the aim has thus been to highlight the differences and similarities of their poetic writing. The idea behind this comparison was first to analyse influence of the poet's scottishness on their writing and then to study how their texts depart resolutely from traditionalist works in order to fit in and stand the test of a world's modern literature. Space is the leading notion and the unifying thread of this study whether as a purely geographic theme or as a psychological, relational or textual notion
Sav, Anca-Maria. "Etudes expérimentales sur la mentalisation chez des adultes présentant le syndrome d’Asperger." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/165282339#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textAutism is a disorder that has fascinated and, at the same time has been a challenge for both clinical psychologists/clinicians and researchers. One of the main research fields in the autism arena during the past thirty years is related to the deficit of the theory of mind. Acknowledged as a complex process standing at the crossroad between cognitive and social psychology, the theory of mind continues to be explored. The aim of our PhD research was to analyse the different aspects of the metallization process in the clinical context of the Asperger Syndrome which is an autism spectrum disorder. Our first study explored the understanding of a particular case of non intentionality attribution, the fake steps, in adults with Asperger Syndrome. The findings of the study indicate that the adults with Asperger Syndrome identify correctly the occurrence of fake steps, but encounter empathy problems and difficulties in understanding the content of fake steps. The second study analyzed the role of the executive functioning in the interpretation of various social contexts using a multiple choice task in adults with Asperger Syndrome. The study has also examined the impact of the opinion modulation on the interpretation of social contexts. On one hand, the results have revealed that the responses in the two groups (the one of adults with Asperger Syndrome and the one of adults without any disorders) were similar. On the other hand, we observed that the adults with Asperger Syndrome tend to accept easier an external opinion when formulating their response. The third study investigated the reinforcement based learning in adults with Asperger Syndrome. The implication of the preservation of the learning capacity associated with reinforcement has been discussed considering possible compensation mechanisms of the social deficit within this population
Lao, Newman. "Le problème de la politique et de la religion chez William James et Théodore Flournoy." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010505.
Full textLn this dissertation, the psychologies and philosophies of William James and Théodore Flournoy have been compared and analyzed through their respective conception of poli tics and religion. Indeed, by comparing their ideas, the question of politics and religion proved to be important as these two academies, who were first of all friends, had developed their thoughts ever since their first meeting in 1889 from a common ambition to reconcile science and religion. Accordingly, this investigation had to begin with their different conceptions of religion. To this domain they applied a psychological perspective to identify, from the basis of results achieved in 1901-1902, sorne theoretical differences that enlighten two opposed philosophical viewpoints. ln fact, it's from their psychological theories on religion that one can perceive two orientations, which exposes contradictory political stances. The question of politics is particularly relevant since William James didn't want philosophy to remain on a theoretical level, given that the vocation of philosophy according to him was verification, whereas Flournoy had â rather idealistic view on philosophy, which he considered as an area without obstacles where the freedom of imagination provided for the interplay of heterogeneous and experimental elements (telepathy and telekinesis). ln this regard, Flournoy's conception of creative imagination points out the originality needed to understand the subversive dimension of his thought
Vinsonneau, Geneviève. "Appartenances culturelles et sub-culturelles, inégalités sociales et variations des expressions identitaires : études expérimentales parmi quelques populations défavorisées en systèmes hétérogènes." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H049.
Full textIt is with the effects of situation and interaction in mind that the research for this thesis was undertaken. The approach is at the crossroads between psychology and sociology. This, in order to analyze the different forms of expression of identity of "social actors" in various situations of comparisons to groups better placed in society at large. The data is organized into two main direction , one subcultural and the other hetero-cultural. The former concerns the meeting of the sexes in french culture and its' consequences ont the expression of identity in women. The latter examines the way north africans present their group when facing the french. Three aims were simulteneously followed. To point the effects of the conditions of expression on the variations in the elaborations of social identity. To test the hypothesis of the coherence of identity of a person by confronting the different levels of answers obtainde. And to develop arguments in favour of a cultural psychology, having shown the shortcomings of a model of identity built on social inequality
Clergue, Gérard. "L'avènement de la complexité dans la construction des apprentissages : application à la pédagogie des recherches menées en informatique sur le chaos déterministe et les réseaux de neurones artificiels." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100081.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to explore the following areas: - to set out the many new concepts linked to complexity theory, using recent developments in determinist chaos theory. - To evolve means of applying them to theories of human learning and to begin exploring the relevance of these principles and models in the educational field. - The use of connectionist models of artificial neural networks, especially the most dynamic of them, to understand the processes of human cognition. Learning can be seen as a trajectory in the phase’s space of cognitive system of the individual. Into this phase’s space: (a) concepts emerge from the convergence created by existing basins of attraction while the student tries to apply the real to the schemata he has already constructed for himself. (b) At the same time new attractors are formed in the chaotic disorder by adapting to the unpredictable variations of the environment and constantly reshape this landscape. During the learning period the emergence of a new concept appears as a transition of phase from the earlier state of knowledge to the new state. The student has to continuously confront the duality of stability-plasticity which contains as many potential frustrations as successful solutions. This duality cannot be temporarily resolved without taking action, and so we can say with von foerster "if you want knowledge learn to act"
Gardes, Marie-Line. "Étude de processus de recherche de chercheurs, élèves et étudiants, engagés dans la recherche d’un problème non résolu en théorie des nombres." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10231/document.
Full textOur thesis deals with the transposition of mathematician’s reserach activity in mathematical classroom, in the domain of number theory. Our research focuses on the study of a research process for researchers, pupils and students involved in the research of an unsolved problem: the Erdös-Straus conjecture. Our mathematical and epistemological analyses allow us to identify different aspects of the mathematician’s work and the elements for progress in his research. The notion of “gesture” is developed to describe, analyze and contextualize different research processes. This analysis reveals the potentiality of this problem to create a research situation in classroom, where pupils are in a position similar to the mathematician’s one. Didactical analyses are based on the construction of such a situation and its experimentation in laboratory. We study the research process of the students with the methodological tools developed in mathematical and epistemological analyses. This analysis shows several potentiality of this situation: a wealth of procedures implemented, effective work on the dialectical aspects of the mathematical research activity and implementation of experimental approach. The notion of “gesture” is relevant to consider the question of the transposition of mathematician’s work
Leyssen, Sigrid. "Perception in Movement. Moving Images in Albert Michotte's Experimental Psychology (1881-1965)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0142.
Full textI explore new ways to study the history and historicity of perception, through a double portrait: of the francophone psychologist Albert Michotte, and of a set of well-preserved rotating paper discs. In their interaction, new experimental images were generated, shedding light on the intricacy of perception. I have searched different archives, object-archives and instrument collections in Belgium, France and Germany. Newly discovered sources, together with my historical re-animations, allowed me to combine history of science with media studies, in close interaction with the history of philosophy and religion.The portrait of Michotte shows a bridging-figure between different psychological paradigms, science and religion, filmology and experimental phenomenology, performing science diplomacy to navigate two wars, religious politics and institutional change. Studying the paradoxes he embodied is developed into a historiographical tool. The portrait of the discs, contextualised in terms of 'action contexts', shows how they related to experimental practice, cinema, art and the material culture of the laboratory. This dynamic double portrait shows how Michotte and the discs together create moving images for the study of dynamic perceptions, such as the perception of causality. Motion is central to this thesis, not only for explaining the dynamic perception of movements, but especially for understanding how such perceptions are generated and transported. Studying these 'movement-perceptions' makes it possible to grasp how perception is context dependent, how it is shaped through inter-actions, and how it changes – giving it a history
Teneggi, Chiara. "Lo spazio senso-motorio come rappresentazione dei comportamenti intersoggettivi : una nuova ipotesi sperimentale dalla filosofia alle neuroscienze." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010614.
Full textThis research arises from the following three main hypotheses: 1) Low and high-level cognitive processes are bound together; 2) Sensorimotor space is a subjective perception; and 3) Sensorimotor space varies as a function of different types of social behaviours. The thesis argues that sensorimotor space is shaped by both mere co-presence of another human body and cooperative or uncooperative interactions. Chapters l, Il, III aim at analyzing and explaining the meaning of the first, the second and the third hypothesis in order to advance the primary thesis. Chapter V opens up an ethical perspective about a possible bound between spatial perception and moral evaluations during social interactions. This work is enriched by several constitutive disciplines of cognitive sciences : conternporary philosophy, philosophy of mind, experimental neuropsychology and some topics studied by social psychology
La ricerca ha preso le mosse da tre ipotesi fondamentali: 1) Esiste un legame tra processi cognitivi di basso ed alto livello; 2) Lo spazio senso-motorio è una percezione soggettiva; 3) Lo spazio senso-motorio varia in funzione delle diverse modalità di interazione sociale. La tesi sostiene che lo spazio senso-motorio si lascia modulare dalla semplice co-presenza di un altro agente umano e da interazioni cooperative e non cooperative. I capitoli I, II, III, hanno lo scopo di scomporre e spiegare il significato della prima, seconda e terza ipotesi; giungendo a formulare la tesi centrale che sarà poi dimostrata sperimentalmente nel capitolo IV. Il capitolo V introduce future linee di ricerca nell’ambito dell’etica proponendo una nuova ipotesi sul legame che potrebbe sussistere tra la percezione dello spazio durante l’interazione sociale e i giudizi morali. Il lavoro svolto chiama ad operare insieme diverse discipline che concorrono a formare le scienze cognitive: la storia della filosofia, la filosofia della mente contemporanea, la neuropsicologia sperimentale ed alcuni temi della psicologia sociale
Camolezi, Marcos Daniel. "La causalité chez Henri Bergson : formation d'une pensée au contact des sciences expérimentales." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H210.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand the formation and the role of the causality concept in the philosophy of Henri Bergson (1859-1941 ), notably in the period from 1889 to 1907. Its first part is devoted to exposing the redefinition of causality concept within Time and Consciousness (1889). In this book, a set of statements were assumed by the philosopher so that causality in general becomes a sort of "psychological causality", particularly in order to question the importance of the concept of causality itself in determining the inner experience of time. It is our intent to underscore how this change is operated on a cautious philosophical basis. In the second part of this work, we try to disclose how Bergson abandons the path of the theory of knowledge on behalf of an ontology based on controversial physiological bases, notably regarding the idea of body, which the author presents in Matter and memory (1896). It is from the conceptual unfolding of a causality conceived as the "feeling of effort'' that we are concerned here. Finally, the third part of the thesis presents an overall reflection on the points of view mentioned above. In it, the relevance of the two causalities is highlighted by the analysis of an unpublished course by Georges Canguilhem, in which the problem of causality in Bergson's philosophy is valued according to the way in which we Il)' to understand and reveal it here. Thus, the discussion on the difficulties of material action may represent a prelude to the comprehension of the specificity of the problem of technical invention
Esta tese tem por objetivo compreender a formação e o papel do conceito de causalidade na filosofia de Henri Bergson (1859-1941), notadamente no período de 1889 a 1907. Sua primeira parte é dedicada à exposição da redefinição do conceito de causalidade dentro do Ensaio sobre os dados imediatos da consciência (1889). Neste livro, para que a causalidade em geral torne-se certa “causalidade psicológica”, uma série de posicionamentos teve de ser tomada pelo filósofo no intuito de questionar a importância de tal conceito na determinação da experiência interna do tempo. É nosso propósito pôr em evidência como essa mudança é operada sobre bases filosóficas seguras. Na segunda parte deste trabalho, procuramos expor como Bergson abandona a via da teoria do conhecimento em prol de uma ontologia fundamentada em bases fisiológicas inseguras, notadamente no que concerne à ideia de corpo que o autor apresenta em Matéria e memória (1896). Do ponto de vista filosófico, sua concepção de subjetividade, definida a partir de um campo de possibilidades, deixa em aberto modo como esse campo transforma-se, em retorno, da possibilidade à realidade. Dito de outro modo, o filósofo garante a especificidade da ação metafísica com precisão filosófica, mas não avança sobre o problema da realização com grau de precisão comparável. Com efeito, em algumas circunstâncias no ínterim de Matéria e memória (1896) e A evolução criadora (1907), Bergson ocupa-se do problema da realização em referência explícita ao próprio problema da causalidade. É dos desdobramentos conceituais desta causalidade concebida como “sentimento do esforço” que nos ocupamos aqui. Por fim, a terceira parte deste trabalho apresenta uma reflexão de conjunto sobre os pontos de vista acima mencionados. Nela, a relevância das duas causalidades é posta em destaque através da análise de um curso inédito de Georges Canguilhem, em que a problemática da causalidade na filosofia de Bergson é valorizada segundo o modo como procuramos entendê-la e expô-la nesta tese. Assim, a discussão das dificuldades da ação material poderá representar um prelúdio à compreensão da especificidade do problema da invenção técnica
Delprat, Etienne. "Architectures expérimentales : penser et agir une pratique située (généalogie, contexte et éléments théoriques) : l'expérience de YA+K." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H318/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop a new conception of architectural practice defined by its experimental value and an in situ approach. At the same time, practitioners from various fields whose work is based on different working formats share a new way to conceive of ‘the project’. They no longer work remotely following the traditional project process – analysis, design and construction. They immerse themselves working for, with and on a context, using actions and productions to set the context to work. This research invites the reader to explore and critically analyse a redefinition of traditional architectural methods and formats, linked to this approach. This thesis takes as its starting point the work of YA+K– interdisciplinary group that I co-founded in 2011. Using my experience within our practice, I first critically analyse a group of projects produced by YA+K (installations, residences and workshops). I then outline several issues that provide the structure of the manuscript, and follow this by situating our approach in a genealogy of practices and practitioners. Then, in order to position this research in its current professional and disciplinary context, I identify several challenges now faced by the architectural field – the evolution of cities, the relationships between practitioners and techniques, and the fragility of the discipline and profession. For each of these points, I develop a theoretical framework, incorporating three major lines of reflection: 1) thinking and working in the urban context through the concept of intermediary urbanism, 2) thinking in relation to technologies based on a DIY approach, and 3) the need to reshape the approach to architectural projects in light of the current crisis in the profession. Lastly, I draw on lessons from these lines of thought in order to articulate three theoretical proposals offering ways to reconceptualise the approach to architectural projects: 1) think around the site(s) and not the context, 2) conceive of different approaches to projects and their classical conflicts (in particular between thinking and doing) through the use of workshops, and 3) try to redefine architectural production, emphasising its experimental value and multiple formats
Mauffrey, Nathalie. "La cinécriture d'Agnès Varda : pictura et poesis." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC019.
Full textThis thesis was born from a will to understand the sensation, which we had viewing Agnès Varda's films, of the smell of glue on one's fingers and the recognition of a unique style beyond the heterogeneousness of her work, which includes photographies, albums, short and full-length films, documentary as well as fiction, for the cinema, the television as if to feed the home-made edition of DVDs, and, finally, of audiovisual setting-ups. The numerous written documents on Agnès Varda's work show a keen interest from the critics for this singular way which French university research have little relayed, since only two magazine issues and one collective work in french language have made up our first documentary fund. She who was named the mother of the New Wave remained on the fringe and one must go « over-see » to find consistent monographs on her cinema, derived from gender studies and, paradoxically, from the French Theory. To embrace the heterogeneousness of this work and bring to light our sensory intuitions under a « Varda method » which the film-maker calls cinécriture, we have conciliated textual analysis and comparatist approach in the tradition of the ut pictura poesis. From these analyses organized in four key words – think, reflect, dream, tinker - , have emerged a coherent thought on cinema and the plastic dimension of the gesture of the film-maker : a materialistic dialectic of the imaginary inherited from Bachelard in which the putting-on a show of the couple, like lanscapes with figure in painting, constitutes an allegory of creation, a cinematographic poïethic, which conciliates the doing and the saying, the sensitive and spiritual approach of a world in which the otherness, artistic included, is constituent of the self ; the writing at last of a movement to be looked for in the depth of an image, constantly recycled, of which the film rebuilds the quest at the term of a bris-collage which is articulated in three stages – the prise, reprise and surprise
Agius, David. "Quand le seuil fait œuvre." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H304.
Full text"When the threshold becomes art" is a research project developed in the field of visual arts. Through a poiesis approach, it is based on the conception of visual production and on a rigorous theoretical development. It tends to make the threshold explicit in order to understand when it actually become art. This quest for the threshold is built through Espace-Jeu, a performance in which bodies wander and trace in and out of the exhibition. If performance allows all overruns, actions reveal unsuspected and impassable limits that paradoxically reintroduce the threshold within its original boundaries. If the human body is a problem, it is appropriate to exclude it so that the threshold can be fully deployed. Then comes a phase of experimentation on non-human living organisms. Placed in almost scientific devices, they literally give (their) bodies to the threshold, revealing the vital interstice in the depths of their flesh. Their bodies then become molds allowing the threshold to emerge; they then protect the threshold at the risk of their lives. Despite these surgical experiments, the threshold resulting from organic bodies always responds to predictable stimuli. And for good reason: our current thinking model is based on thresholds that go so far as to influence artistic creation itself. Then comes the time to raise machines to deconstruct this threshold by reducing it to unintelligible data. Thus questioned and emptied of its substance, the threshold can essentially become art
Pereira, Barbosa Lenice. "L'effet couleur au cinéma - Manifestations chromatiques du temps." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835009.
Full textNizzi, Marie-Christine. "Le Propre et l'Etranger : le concept d'identité vécue en première personne." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598343.
Full textMorales, Hernandez Mauricio. "Médiatisation technologique et voix du réel. : une anthropologie historique du regard — de la trace à l'écran." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0041.
Full textWe begin by observing the importance of the image in the anthropogenesis’ process because the fixed image reveals temporal mediation, namely, the creation of reported time, mediatizing our relation to the real and thus, transgressing our fields of the perceptual. On this basis, the image’s history appears as a development of various static eidetic models that are going to be in a negotiation and permanent relationship with dynamic eidetic models: language, gestures, equipment, music, dance, the habitat; models that, in return, are mediations enabling us to invest the space and divide it up. The intermingling of the dynamic and static models would constitute the character defining man as a political animal, in the myriad and diversity of the elements that are components for each culture. That is how we are able to detect an ontological difference at the time when the photographic trace appears, a trace not resulting from a formal, symbolic idealization but from an idealization of distance, from which the screen materializes by articulating the eye from a new operative scale. The image’s essential contribution would thus have entered a new phase that would have transformed man into a media animal after almost two centuries. That is where the history of the new trace becomes the core of all political issues in its most consistent manifestation, under the surge of digital technology, that of cinematographic expression.In doing so, we have addressed and favoured one of cinema’s histories at a time when there was a development of specific issues in relation to the real, notably using the work of a Mexican filmmaker, Téo Hernández, mainly done in Europe between 1968 and 1992 as an example. Its powerful phenomenological dimensions — the importance of the body while filming — and also the deep reflexion on the medium and its relation to the real, have provided us with a keystone that enables us to understand the major changes in media that happened during the 1980s and determined the political outlook of the world today
Néron, Antoine. "Démocratie expérimentale et philosophie pour enfants." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24360.
Full textRecently in Quebec, a majority of eligible voters have expressed their discontent with the current political system. Citizens say they experience disempowerment and feel a lack of real choice in the political process. In the age of rising populism, this represents a pressing concern to ensure the vitality of our democracy. The purpose of this thesis is to engage with the issue of civic engagement and social reform from the standpoint of Philosophy for children (P4C). The research question can be formulated as such: “How can P4C contribute to an effective response towards the unsatisfied aspirations that a majority of citizens feel toward the current political system?” In order to answer this question, we assess P4C’s democratic value and democratic potential through a radical social and political theory. We depart from more “traditional” political philosophies and direct our attention to Democratic Experimentalism developed by Roberto Unger to show how it can offer a way to envisage P4C as a means to disrupt the mere reproduction of the structure of society and bring it closer to an activity that transforms it through experimentation and collective engagement. To do so, we examine how P4C’s practices and theoretical underpinnings can be said to be compatible with such a vision of democratic life and how nonetheless its democratic potential is limited by the lack of practicality and the absence of institutional support capable of enabling experimentation and collective engagement.