Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philosophie du spectacle'

À la fin des années 1950, Guy Debord entreprend de confronter ses thèses et intuitions, initialement construites au sein des avant-gardes artistiques, avec la philosophie allemande. Il étudie Hegel et Marx, découvre le marxisme « hétérodoxe » (Karl Korsch, Georg Lukács, Anton Pannekoek), discute les théoriciens et commentateurs de son temps (Jean Hyppolite, Henri Lefebvre, Lucien Goldmann), et importe certains concepts issus de cette tradition (totalité, aliénation, marchandise, etc.) au sein de sa propre pensée. Quelles ont été les conséquences de ce « tournant » philosophique ? Comment l’étude de ce tournant peut-elle permettre de mettre en question la réduction de l’auteur de La Société du Spectacle à un sociologue critique de « la société de consommation » ? L’objectif de ce travail, comportant trois parties – Esthétique (I), Philosophie critique (II), Philosophie du temps et de l’histoire (III) – est de faire émerger la singularité de Guy Debord dans le champ philosophique, en plaçant notamment la question du temps au cœur de cette singularité
At the end of the 1950s, Guy Debord sought to confront with German philosophy the ideas and intuitions he first developed within the artistic avant-gardes. He studied Hegel and Marx, discovered heterodox Marxism (Karl Korsch, Georg Lukács, Anton Pannekoek), questioned theorists and commentators of his time (Jean Hyppolite, Henri Lefebvre, Lucien Goldmann) and started using several concepts from these traditions (eg. totality, alienation, commodity, etc.) in his own speech. This work aims to analyze the consequences of his philosophical “turn” in order to question the portrait of Guy Debord as a sociologist who criticized “consumer society”. It is presented in three parts – Aesthetics (I), Critical Philosophy (II), and Philosophy of Time and History (III). Its ambition is to reveal the philosophical singularity of the author of The Society of the Spectacle, especially on matters concerning Philosophy of Time

Dans un contexte de mondialisation, de relativisme culturaliste et de crise de la raison, l’étude de certaines pratiques corporelles et arts gestuels japonais (danses, théâtres, arts martiaux) montre qu’il existe une forme d’universalité par le corps, une pensée immanente, incarnée, fondant un espace de publicité et d’intelligibilité à même l’intuition, le mouvement, la sensation, la croyance. Cette pensée du corps est essentielle à la philosophie, au renouvellement et à l’affinement de ses formes. De même que l’art crée de façon immanente les conditions de sa réception, et porte en puissance une force réformatrice des goûts et des valeurs, ainsi, les pratiques du corps et les arts gestuels japonais instaurent un climat esthétique et philosophique propre, constituent un laboratoire où s’expérimentent les possibles philosophiques de la communauté. Cette recherche, en s’appuyant d’abord sur une série d’exemples, de « cas » significatifs permettant de tirer des conclusions sur le fonctionnement général des facultés mentales et physiques de l’homme, est une mise en lumière de cette philosophie incarnée et immanente, et de cette pensée du corps
In a context of globalization, of culturalist relativism and of rationality crisis, the study of some Japanese bodily practices and gestural arts (dance, theatre, martial arts) shows that a certain form of universality relies on the body and on an immanent embodied thought which create a sphere of publicity and intelligibility within intuition, movement, sensation, belief. This embodied thought is essential to philosophy and to the renewal and the refinement of its forms. Just as art creates immanently the conditions of its own reception and has the power to alter tastes and values, so do Japanese bodily practices and gestural arts institute a philosophical and aesthetic climate of their own, and work as a laboratory where the philosophical possibilities of the community are tried, tested and modified. By focusing on a series of examples and significant “cases”, which allow to draw some conclusions on the general functioning of human mental and physical abilities, this research brings to light an embodied and immanent philosophy, and its embodied thought

Notre travail a pour objectif de traiter de la médecine des arts de la scène, et plus largement de la méde­cine des arts du spectacle vivant. En Europe et dans le monde, ce domaine médical n'est en effet pas tou­jours connu, compris, organisé ou reconnu. À partir d'une discussion sur la signification philosophique et épistémologique de ce sujet, et en nous appuyant sur notre pratique de médecin phoniâtre depuis vingt deux ans, notamment dans le domaine de la bioéthique et de la médecine de la voix, nous avons entrepris une lecture éthique et bioéthique visant à comprendre ses limites et ses possibilités, ainsi que ce qui est partageable et compréhensible par les pro­fessionnels susceptibles de l’exercer: médecins, rééducateurs, enseignants en art (de la voix, de la musique, de la danse ou du cirque), philosophes et, évidemment, ar­tistes. Il nous est apparu que, loin d’appartenir aux thérapeutiques "complémentaires" ou "non fondées sur des preuves", la médecine des arts et du spectacle ne doit pas être comprise uniquement comme une médecine multidisciplinaire, mais comme une branche interdisciplinaire reposant sur des connais­sances philosophiques et pédagogiques utiles à la santé physique, psychique et émotionnelle des artistes. En analysant plusieurs modèles internationaux, dont plusieurs auxquels nous contribuons, nous avons pu faire le constat que cette interdisciplinarité n'est pas toujours évidente. Nous avons enfin émis l’hypo­thèse que la médecine des arts et du spectacle vivant est une méde­cine non seulement pour l'artiste mais aussi et avant tout pour les arts du spectacle eux-mêmes qui, parfois, doivent également être soignés. Nous avons approfondi ce dernier sujet en conduisant une étude historique et éthique du phénomène du soin et de la cure de l'art et de l'interprète, des origines à nos jours
Performing Arts (PA) Medicine, meant as a "medicine for the art of living entertainment", is still not known and not well un­derstood and framed and recognized, in Europe as well as in the other Continents. Starting from a discussion on the philosophical and epistemolo­gical meaning of this branch of medicine, we have arrived at a personal ethical and bioethical reading in order to un­derstand its limits and strengths for doctors, rehab professionals, teachers of the arts of voice, music, dance and circus, philoso­phers and, obviously, artists. PA Medicine (whose name we also dealt about) is far from that me­dicine to­day called "complementary"/"not-Evidence Based", and is a branch of medical and philosophical and pedagogi­cal knowledge useful to the artist's and art's physical, psychic and emotional health. PA Medicine is a Medicine not only for the artist but for the PA themsel­ves which, at times, also need to be cured. We have deepened this last topic also starting from an historical and ethic study of the phenome­non of the “care and curing” of arts and of performers, from the origins to today

Le tableau vivant, qui est à l'origine une pratique théâtrale articulée à la représentation picturale et artistique en général, est ici abordé comme un médium de l'image, au sens où l'entend Hans Belting, à savoir une modalité de captation des images. Le corps, singulier ou collectif, est conduit, dans la pratique du tableau vivant à « faire tableau », en regard d'une référence iconique, textuelle, mémorielle. Le vivant se modélise sur ce qu'Alain Roger a nommé des « schèmes artialisants », qui revêtent la plupart du temps, l'aspect de références culturelles connues. L'objet de cette thèse est à la fois de retracer l'histoire du tableau vivant en tant que pratique depuis le milieu du XVIIIe siècle, pour en examiner l'usage dans les arts visuels contemporains, plus particulièrement à partir des années 1980, où il apparaît que le tableau vivant opère un retour, légitimé surtout par sa nature de simulacre. Trois approches nous paraissent en effet déterminantes dans la nature de cette forme: son caractère de représentation, en relation avec le regard et la complicité d'un spectateur; sa nature de simulacre, qui entraîne le corps humain sur le terrain d'une déréalisation ; et enfin le jeu établi avec la frontière du tableau. L'étude de ces différents aspects nous a conduit à concevoir le tableau vivant comme une forme située sur un espace frontalier, entre le réel et l'illusion. Les usages du tableau vivant, servent par conséquent souvent à produire de l'hétéroclite, de l'hybridité, à rendre l'œuvre d'art à sa qualité de créature, de simulacre, c'est-à-dire d'image vivante.

Working through methods of abstraction and comedic mimicry I choreograph awkwardly balanced sculpture with objects of adornment as a means to defuse personal sensitivities surrounding my experiences of gender, desire, and home. The research that follows is concerned with the adjacent, the in between, above and underneath, because I feel that this kind of looking means that you are, to some degree, aware of what lies at the edges. Maybe this is what Gertrude Stein means to act as though there is no use in a center—because this concerns a way of relating, though there are many things in the room. ‘A spectacle and nothing strange’ is an arrangement of gestures, of made difference, of kinships, of orientations and possible futures, sustained tension, coded adornment, big dyke energy, shifts in hardness, leaning softness, much more than flowers, ...and in any case there is sweetness and some of that.

Ce travail de recherche consiste en une réflexion sur le statut de ce corps performatif contemporain, sur le procédé esthétique de remédiation et sur la « démocratisation » qu’il subit dans les performances live actuelles. Pour comprendre les raisons et les effets de ce phénomène, il a fallu analyser l’événement théâtral tout d’abord de façon systémique et relationnelle, puis analytique, en essayant de reconstruire avant tout un réseau de détails interdépendants et connectés au sujet et au contexte, plutôt que de partir d’une diégèse de chaque spectacle. Quatre exemples artistiques internationaux contemporains – sélectionnés pour leur importance et leur hétérogénéité – représentatifs d’une interaction particulière entre le performeur et les nouvelles technologies, ont été analysés. La réflexion a portée sur la manière dont cette interaction créait chez les acteurs et les spectateurs – lorsque cette distinction subsiste – une perception de l’espace et du temps complètement nouvelle selon trois modalités relationnelles et expressives que nous pourrions définir comme : « présent ici et maintenant » (proximité immédiate), « présent à distance » et « absent/virtuel ». Dans les expériences prises ici en considération, le corps contemporain, bien loin de ce qu’il représentait à l’origine, n’est plus élément représentatif de l’identité, d’une seule identité : il est privé de sa subjectivité et ramené à une sorte de « degré zéro » de sa nature ; il devient liquide, ouvert, fragmenté. Dans ces performances, et plus particulièrement dans celles qui ont pour point de départ la danse, c’est le corps comme objet, ses caractéristiques matérielles qui sont mises au premier plan, si bien que la manipulation de la corporéité ou la dislocation de l’agent en-dehors du corps semblent annuler la notion de « présence ». Il serait plus correct – et c’est le défi de notre réflexion – d’analyser la reconfiguration de cette présence à la lumière d’une vérité médiatisée, un effet de réalité qui pousse à considérer comme réel ce qui nous est montré à travers un support, filmé, reproduit de façon digitale, reconstruit à travers la lumière et le son
In the present analysis four contemporary international artistic examples will be analysed, chosen for their significance and at the same time their heterogeneity, representative of a peculiar interaction of the performer with the technological medium. It has been shown that this interaction produces in actors and spectators – where this distinction still subsists – a perception of space and time that is quite new ; in keeping with three relational and expressive modes that we could anticipate here as : “present in the here and now” (immediate proximity), “present at a distance” and “absent/virtual”. Again in the experiences considered here, the contemporary body, far from what it represented at the origins, is no longer representative of identity, of a single identity : it is deprived of its subjectivity and reduced to a kind of “degree zero” of its nature. It becomes liquid, open, fragmented. In these performances, and in particular those that start from dance, the object and material characteristics of the bodies are brought into the foreground ; so that the manipulation of the body or the displacement of the agent outside the body would seem to efface the notion of “presence”. Rather it would be more correct – and this is the challenge of this investigation – to evaluate the reconfiguration of this presence in the light of a mediated truth, an effect of reality that leads us to regard as real what is shown to us on a support, filmed, reproduced digitally, reconstructed through light or sound. The present research therefore consists in an investigation of the status of this contemporary performative body, of the aesthetic process of remediation and of the “democratisation” that it undergoes in current live performances. To understand the reasons for and effects of this phenomenon, it was necessary to conduct an analysis of the theatrical event in a systemic and relational rather than an analytical way, seeking to reconstruct a network of details connected to and interdependent of the subject and the context, before presenting a diegesis of individual spectacles
Si sono qui prese in esame quattro esperienze performative internazionali contemporanee - scelte per la loro rilevanza e nello stesso tempo per la loro eterogeneità - rappresentative di una peculiare interazione del performer con il mezzo tecnologico. Si è evidenziato così come quest’interazione produca in attori e spettatori – ove sussista ancora questa distinzione – una percezione dello spazio e del tempo affatto nuova ; secondo tre modalità relazionali ed espressive che potremmo qui anticipare come : “presente nel qui e ora” (prossimità immediata), “presente a distanza” e “assente/virtuale”. Sempre nelle esperienze qui considerate, il corpo contemporaneo, lontano da ciò che poteva rappresentare in partenza, non è più elemento significativo dell’identità, di una sola identità : viene privato della propria soggettività e condotto a una specie di “grado zero” della propria natura ; appare così frammentato, aperto, liquido. In queste performance, e in particolare in quelle che partono dalla danza, sono le caratteristiche oggettuali e materiali dei corpi a essere messe in primo piano ; cosicché la manipolazione della corporeità o la dislocazione dell’agente al di fuori del corpo sembrerebbero annullare la consueta nozione di “presenza”. Più corretto invece – e questa è la sfida di questa indagine – ci è sembrato valutare la riconfigurazione di questa presenza alla luce di una verità mediata, quell’effetto di realtà che induce a ritenere reale ciò che ci viene mostrato su un supporto, filmato, riprodotto digitalmente, ricostruito attraverso la luce o il suono. La presente ricerca consiste quindi nell’esplorazione dello status di questo corpo performativo contemporaneo, del processo estetico di rimediazione e di “democratizzazione” che esso subisce nelle performance live attuali : per comprendere le ragioni e gli effetti del quale si è reso necessario lo svolgimento di un’analisi dell’evento teatrale sistemica e relazionale, prima che analitica ; cercando di ricostruire una rete di particolari connessi e interdipendenti al soggetto e al contesto, anziché limitarci a una semplice diegesi dei singoli spettacoli

Going beyond the biological and physiological limitations imposed on us by the human body is something which the human race has strived to do throughout its history. There is something about our human nature that compels us to strive for improvement and enhancement in our physical and mental performance, and to stretch ever further the boundaries of human accomplishment. Nowhere can a stronger desire for enhanced performance be found than in the realm of competitive sport and, it is certainly arguable that, there are very few sports that can rival the competitiveness, endurance and physical exertion involved in the sport of boxing. Transhumanism is borne of this desire for continuous improvement and the refusal to resign ourselves to the restrictions placed on us by our natural biological constitution and environment, enhancing human capabilities and capacities by way of new and emergent technologies. With regard to sport, transhumanism could provide us with the ability to train longer, run, swim or cycle faster, jump higher, throw further and, in the case of boxing, punch harder. However, it is not restricted or confined to the enhancement of our physical powers, but could equally-well serve to improve our psychological capacities and alter the way in which we perceive and experience the world. In this way transhumanism could be employed to change the content of experience.

This thesis, The Arab as Spectacle, is about representation. It is about the limits and the contradictions of representation. It is about the burden and the violence of representation. It is about the persistence of Orientalism and how the hierarchies of race and gender intersect with discourses on sexuality to inform and inflect the representation of Arabs in contemporary literary and media spheres of Australian popular culture. This thesis comprises two sections. Part One is a research dissertation that explores the strategies, devices and parameters of the representation of Arabic culture and identities through close readings of specific texts. This theoretical project inaugurates the second part of my study which takes up the question of the contradictions of representation through a collection of ficto-critical writings. Through these satirical narratives, I seek to expose and disrupt the hegemony of Orientalist representations that proliferate in English language literature and news media by bringing into focus the inherent paradox of representation, working within and against Orientalist representational traditions. In so doing, it is not my aim to 'correct' the Orientalist logic and imagery that I theorise in the first part of this thesis, but rather to undermine the spurious truth-value of Orientalist representations by deploying the literary weapons of satire, parody and irony. In this way, my fiction works to engage creatively and critically with the very tropes that I theorise in my research dissertation.

A distinctive feature of Sade’s writings is the amount of theatricality involved in libertine activities. Every episode of libertinage is charged with an awareness of performativity on behalf of the characters, and a conscious employment of theatrical vocabulary on the author’s behalf – e.g. the participants are often called actors, the events drama, and so on. At the same time, I have noticed how there are close resemblances in specific contemporary European drama to what constitutes Sadean intersubjectivity. These semblances occur most specifically when the dramatic text is addressing a paradoxical concept, where paradox is defined as that which confronts common opinion or doxa. The intention of this research is, first, to establish what comprises Sadean theatricality, and second, to examine how Sadean intersubjectivity is represented in selected dramatic texts. This objective calls for a comparative approach and a focus on meta-theatricality. I begin with exploring definitions of libertinage before and through Sade, with particular attention paid to performative and theatrical properties of libertinage. Next, I proceed to investigate, in each chapter, one aspect of libertine intersubjectivity in certain dramatic texts. The main challenge in this research is to create a balanced dialogue between two analyses which occur simultaneously. Even so, I have found that studying Sadean intersubjectivity in parallel with contemporary drama facilitates the isolation of those elements within the Sadean text which are required for a paradigm to be formed. Similarly, observing contemporary dramatic texts through a Sadean lens offers a novel way of looking at concepts such as violence, apathy, and a self/other interaction that feeds on the desire for absolute autonomy. A dialectic conversation between the two narratives, I maintain, generates a better understanding of how Sade’s paradoxical ethics is theatrically represented in our time.

Cette thèse tente d'atteindre deux objectifs : premièrement, produire une analyse générale du cinéma de spectre contemporain dont nous définissons le point de départ en 1998 avec le film Ringu d'Hideo Nakata. Les films de spectres diffèrent des films de fantômes par le fait que leurs motifs sont à comprendre à partir des doutes technologiques, sociaux et métaphysiques de nos sociétés contemporaines. Par ailleurs, ce concept de spectre, que nous définissons tout au long de la recherche, est intrinsèquement lié à l'histoire de l'art et à la philosophie de l'image. C'est ainsi que nous arrivons au second objectif que tente d'atteindre notre recherche : proposer une théorie de notre rapport contemporain à l'image à partir de ce genre cinématographique. L'intuition théorique de départ est que nous vivons à une époque où l'image a une valeur politique prédominante, au point d'influencer l'agir, et que nous pouvons trouver, en l'image elle-même, une matière pour penser cette influence croissante. Ainsi, le cinéma « spectral », en tant que cinéma où le spectre est défini comme « une forme invisible qui va tout faire pour se rendre visible », nous semble être le cinéma même où se jouent cette puissance de l'image et sa part d'incarnation
This thesis attempts to achieve two objectives: first, to produce a general analysis of contemporary cinema of spectre where we define its genesis with Ringu (Hideo Nakata, 1998). What distinguishes spectral films from ghost films is the fact that their patterns are intimately linked to technological, social and metaphysical doubts of our contemporary societies. The concept of spectre, defined throughout this research, is intrinsically linked to the history of art and the philosophy of the image and perception. This is how we arrive at the second objective: to propose a theory of our contemporary relationship to the image based on this cinematographic genre. The initial theoretical intuition is that we live in times where the image has a predominant political value, to the point of influencing action and that we can find, in the image itself, the material for thinking about this growing influence. Thus, the "spectral" cinema, as a cinema where the spectre is defined as "an invisible form which will do everything to make itself visible", is to us the very cinema where this power of the image and its part of incarnation are played out

L'institution limite souvent l'art à une pratique culturelle et sociale divertissante, au sein de laquelle médiatisation et commercialisation vont de concert. Face à cette situation qui maintient selon Bourdieu, le clivage entre art et " non-initié" , j'envisage un autre de l'art, explorant la création faite par et pour la population, au sein de mon quartier d'habitation. L'intervention y opère dans la marge, questionnant la liberté d'expression en rapport à la législation de l'espace public. Influencée par les happenings, Fluxus ou l'art sociologique de Forest, l'intervention de rue interroge la notion d'altérité explorant notre identité en rapport à la territorialité et au tribalisme. Le passage d'une pratique picturale à l'intervention répond au besoin d'engager un contact direct avec le passant, acteur et auteur, dans l'élaboration collective de l'œuvre. " L'expérience du visage", définie par Levinas, instaure la rencontre dans une attitude martiale des corps. De l'ordre de l'art et de la sociologie. L'intervention de rue, opère dans " l'entre" comme pourvoyeur d'émotions, de communications, utilisant aussi bien la parole, le sondage que la carte postale. Art contextuel, l'intervention, préétablie dans le cadre d'une partition, agit dans notre réalité quotidienne, en tant qu'espace social transformateur. Ephémère, elle questionne notre besoin de survivance et la notion d'archivage. Récusant le prima du visuel, la trace se fait témoignage, privilégiant le vécu: c l'art comme expérience ", dans la lignée des réflexions menées par Dewey. Sorte d'ekphrasis enregistrée sur bande, la vidéo, fait renaître le conteur oublié au travers de la parole d'un vécu singulier. La pluralité des témoignages et la diversité des interprétations font alors de l'intervention "oeuvre ouverte" au sens où l'emploie Eco

Concentrating on six plays in the 1610s, this thesis explores the ways theatrical visual effects described as “strange” channel the period’s moral anxieties about rhetoric, technology, and scepticism. It contributes to debates in repertory studies, textual and material culture, intellectual history, theatre history, and to recent revisionist considerations of spectacle. I argue that “strange” spectacle has its roots in the materialisation of morality: the presentation of moral ideas not as abstract concepts but in physical things. The first part of my PhD is a detailed study of early modern moral philosophy, scepticism, and material and textual culture. The second part of my thesis concentrates on Shakespeare’s Cymbeline (1609-10) and The Tempest (1611), John Webster’s The White Devil (1612), and Thomas Heywood’s first three Age plays (1611-13). These spectacular plays are all written and performed within the years 1610-13, a period in which the changes, challenges, and developments in both stage technology and moral philosophy are at their peak. I set these plays in the context of the wider historical moment, showing that the idiosyncrasy of their “strange” stagecraft reflects the period’s interest in materialisation and its attendant moral anxieties. This thesis implicitly challenges some of the conclusions of repertory studies, which sometimes threatens to hierarchise early modern theatre companies by seeing repertories as indications of audience taste and making too strong a divide between, say, “elite” indoor and “citizen” outdoor playhouses. It is also aligned with recent revisionist considerations of spectacle, and I elide divisions in criticism between interest in original performance conditions, close textual analysis, or historical-contextual readings. I present “strangeness” as a model for appreciating the distinct aesthetic of these plays, by reading them as part of their cultural milieu and the material conditions of their original performance.

Le Yuju 豫剧(traduit de manière impropre par « opéra du Henan ») est une forme spectaculaire chinoise chantée et codifiée, dite « traditionnelle », en provenance du Henan. Sa présence puis son maintien depuis plus de soixante ans dans le sud de Taiwan sont surprenants. Le Yuju est arrivé à Taiwan en 1949 avec le gouvernement et l’armée nationaliste battant en retraite face aux communistes. Depuis, le Yuju est toujours présent au répertoire d’une seule compagnie taïwanaise, la compagnie Henan bangzi : Taiwan Yuju 河南梆子：台灣豫劇. Les relations politiques entre la Chine continentale et Taiwan dictent la politique intérieure de l’île depuis 1949. Une indigénisation du régime et de la population réfugiée succède alors à une forte politique de sinisation où les arts classiques chinois étaient favorisés au détriment de la culture locale. Désormais, au contraire, la dimension multiculturelle est encouragée pour construire une identité taiwanaise propre. L’environnement taiwanais, pris dans cette tourmente politique, est a priori hostile au développement et à l’épanouissement du Yuju sur l’île. Ainsi pour la compagnie Henan bangzi : Taiwan Yuju, la question de la survie est fondamentale et il est essentiel pour elle de se constituer un public. Aussi nous interrogerons-nous sur les différentes stratégies mises en place par la compagnie depuis son arrivée à Taiwan (1953) jusqu’à aujourd’hui, pour assurer sa pérennité et attirer de nouveaux publics. Dans ce contexte spécifique, nous analyserons les différentes orientations esthétiques choisies par la compagnie, de la promotion des arts traditionnels à l’expérimentation esthétique
The Yuju 豫劇 (improperly translated as "Henan Opera") is a comprehensive performing art from Henan, a province located in the central part of China. It blends stylized action, singing, dialogue and mime, to represent a story or depict different characters. It is often considered as a “traditional performing art”. Its presence and its preservation for more than sixty years in the southern Taiwan are quite surprising. The Yuju arrived in Taiwan in 1949 with the government and the Nationalist army retreating from the communist’s expansion in the mainland. Since then, the Yuju is always played by a unique Taiwanese company named Henan bangzi: Taiwan Yuju company 河南 梆子: 台灣 豫劇. Since 1949, internal politics of the island is largely determined by relations with Mainland China. An indigenization of both, the regime and the refugee population, comes up following a strong policy of bringing Taiwan under Chinese rule and culture. At that time, Chinese classical arts were favoured far beyond local culture. Nowadays, the multicultural aspect of the Taiwan society is encouraged in order to develop a specific Taiwanese identity. Such political context in Taiwan should be significantly hostile to the development of Yuju on the island. Thus, the survival of the Henan bangzi: Taiwan Yuju Company is fundamental and the company have to look for new audiences. Hence, we shall analyse what strategies the company implemented from its arrival in Taiwan in1953 till today, ensuring its sustainability while attracting new audiences. In this specific context, we shall analyse the different aesthetic directions chosen by the company from the promotion of traditional arts to aesthetic experimentation

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In French Enlightenment, theatre was one of the main subjects discussed among its thinkers they used to be called philosophes, who fiercely expressed their ideas about the theatrical performance phenomenon and its possible pedagogical effectiveness, as well as about its social and political implications in 18th Century France. Jean-Jacques Rousseau playwright, musician, poet, novelist, that is: a philosophe found, on his view about theatre, the metaphor of the human laceration, that occurred in the passage of man's state of nature for that of life in society. The conflict between being and seeming, as well as the duel between amour de soi, which is present in the natural being, and amour propre, which artificializes the social being, is a fundamental matter for the understanding of the Genevan philosophe. Though this subject runs trough all his work, it is in the Lettre à d Alembert sur les spectacles that Rousseau devotes himself exclusively to perform his criticism about spectacles. Besides that, the text also brings a definition of the talent and the craft of the comedien, which is also suitable to the acteur, that is, the acting artist as a whole, be they a singer at Ópera Royal de Paris or a tragedian at Comédie Française. Thus, this research opted for the term actor, once it has the advantage of updating both the terms comédien and acteur of the French context at that time. Published in 1758, the Lettre constituted the response to d Alembert who, in his entry Genève, da Encyclopédie, defended theatre and its actors, then seen as socially inferior and devoid of political and religious rights. For that reason, the philosopher proposed the formation of a theatre company in Genève, in order to help educate the taste of Genevan citizens, an idea which would be strongly and radically rejected by Rousseau. The Lettre directly addresses the relation among the spectacles, the actor s performance and the corruption of the man in the society, and the aforementioned conflict between being and seeming is once again present. Such opposition is focused on the scope of the Parisian spectacles, designed as signs of a society which was accustomed to appearances and trivia that made the man more and more artificial, and therefore alienated from their essence and the virtues which are necessary for the constitution of a worthy citizen. 7 The work also offers a synthetic definition of the talent of the comedian and their art of imitating, that is, of adopting a character which is different from the one they have. Thus, the actor's craft is the simulation, the clear expression of the conflict between being and seeming, once it lives in their ability to deceive, to seduce the audience, seeming to be what they are not, offering themselves as a show in exchange for money. Rousseau therefore criticizes the luxurious habits and morals of the actor, mainly because it makes use of those artifices to corrupt the youth. To the author of the Lettre, the interpreter, because of their ability to switch characters in scenic play, becomes a metaphor for the paradoxical condition of man, which distanced themselves from nature and created the spectacle of culture. Rousseau's passion for theatre did not stop him from criticizing it so ruthlessly, as he saw in it not only a specific type of artistic representation, but also the representation of the condition of the human laceration. It was necessary, therefore, a new theater, with new actors capable and true in their craft of lying. That is the critic of representation that ran through the Lettre à d'Alembert and that made theater an essential paradigm of its author's thinking. It is worth noticing, yet, that the actor's craft may gain scenic efficiency from the criticism processed by Rousseau in that work. The parties that he throws to replace the French spectacles have as their main feature the figure of the citizen - actor and spectator of himself. The character - the one that the actor represents, often as a mere projection of themselves - must earn truth so that the theater earns strength. This new actor, with their ability to conceal through their scenic truth, is related to the philosophe and the artist who was Rousseau. That because he obsessively sought, in the practice of his thought, its coherence, making his life the stage for his aroused imagination
No Iluminismo Francês, o teatro era um dos principais temas discutidos entre seus pensadores os chamados philosophes, que expressavam de forma acirrada suas ideias sobre o fenômeno da representação teatral e sua possível eficácia pedagógica, bem como acerca de suas implicações sociais e políticas na França do século XVIII. Jean-Jacques Rousseau dramaturgo, músico, poeta, romancista, enfim: um philosophe encontrava, na sua visão sobre o teatro, a metáfora do dilaceramento humano, que se deu na passagem do homem do estado de natureza para aquele da vida em sociedade. O conflito entre o ser e o parecer, tanto quanto o duelo travado entre o amor-de-si, presente no homem natural, e o amor-próprio, que artificializa o homem social, são questões fundamentais para a compreensão do philosophe genebrino. Ainda que este tema percorra toda a sua obra, é na Lettre à d Alembert sur les spectacles que Rousseau se dedica exclusivamente a realizar sua crítica a respeito dos espetáculos. Além disso, o texto traz também uma definição sobre o talento e o ofício do comédien que é igualmente válida para o acteur, isto é, o artista da cena de modo geral, seja ele um cantor da Ópera Royal de Paris ou um ator trágico da Comédie Française. Assim, esta pesquisa optou pela adoção do termo ator, na medida em que ele proporciona a vantagem de atualizar para os nossos dias tanto o comédien quanto o acteur do contexto francês da época. Publicada em 1758, a Lettre constituía resposta a d Alembert, que, em seu verbete Genève, da Encyclopédie, fazia uma defesa do teatro e de seus atores, então vistos como socialmente inferiores e desprovidos de direitos políticos e religiosos. Por esta razão, o filósofo propunha a montagem de uma companhia de teatro em Genebra, de modo a auxiliar na educação do gosto dos cidadãos genebrinos, ideia que será recusada forte e radicalmente por Rousseau. Na Lettre, é abordada de forma direta a relação entre os espetáculos, a representação do ator e a corrupção do homem na sociedade, na qual torna a se fazer presente o conflito supracitado entre o ser e o parecer. Tal oposição é focalizada no âmbito dos espetáculos parisienses, concebidos como sinais de uma sociedade afeita a aparências e futilidades que tornavam o homem cada vez mais artificial e, portanto, distanciado de sua essência e das virtudes necessárias para a formação do digno cidadão. 5 A obra oferece ainda uma sintética definição acerca do talento do comediante e sua arte de imitar, isto é, de adotar um caráter diferente daquele que se tem. Assim, o ofício do ator constitui a simulação, a clara expressão do conflito entre o ser e o parecer, uma vez que vive de sua capacidade de enganar, de seduzir a platéia, parecendo ser o que não é, se dando como espetáculo em troca de dinheiro. Rousseau, portanto, critica os hábitos luxuosos e a moral do ator, principalmente porque este pode servir-se daqueles artifícios para corromper a juventude. Para o autor da Lettre, o intérprete, em razão de sua capacidade de trocar de personagens no jogo cênico, torna-se uma metáfora da condição paradoxal do homem, que se distanciou da natureza e criou o espetáculo da cultura. A paixão que Rousseau tinha pelo teatro não o impediu de criticá-lo de modo tão implacável, pois nele enxergava não apenas um tipo específico de representação artística, como também a representação da condição do dilaceramento humano. Fazia-se necessário, pois, um novo teatro, com novos atores capazes e verdadeiros no seu ofício de mentir. Eis a crítica da representação que percorreu a Lettre à d Alembert e que fez do teatro um paradigma essencial do pensamento de seu autor. Há de se notar, por fim, que o ofício do ator pode ganhar eficácia cênica a partir da crítica processada por Rousseau naquela obra. As festas que ele oferece em substituição aos espetáculos franceses têm como centro a figura do cidadão ator e espectador de si mesmo. O personagem o outro que o ator representa, muitas vezes enquanto mera projeção de si mesmo deve ganhar verdade para que o teatro ganhe força. Esse novo ator, com sua faculdade de iludir a partir de sua verdade cênica, está relacionado com o philosophe e o artista que foi Rousseau. Isto porque buscou, obsessivamente, na prática de seu pensamento a coerência deste, fazendo de sua vida o palco de sua imaginação inflamada

This thesis examines the projects outlined by the Situationist philosophers and their impact on revolutionizing consciousness. Alongside of this examination this thesis demonstrates how the appropriate rhetorical means in conjunction with street art—specifically the work of Banksy—may lead to the successful implementation and execution of the Situationist's projects. This thesis examines the concept of the spectacle as developed by the Situationists as its object of critique and the concepts of culture, unitary urbanism, psychogeography, détournement and dérive as the framework in which the spectacle can be successfully critiqued in order to foster a more critical consciousness. In addition to this framework my claim is that the aforementioned elements are accomplished by the work of Banksy and his ability to alter the material conditions of our reality through his rhetorical construction of material enactments by creating appropriate and kairotic works which provide life to the Situationist's projects and affords the potentiality of revolutionizing consciousness. In Figure 1. Banksy critiques the idea of spectacularization. There is a fear that technology will distract individuals’ from living and experiencing their lives to the fullest, that their desire to record moments will get in the way with actually living through experiences. In fact the concept of recording events, for many people, is bringing more life to those events than the event itself. We’re currently living in a society where the record of the thing itself is greater than the thing itself. Of course, whenever something is recorded it can be spectacularized--elevated to a greater degree of importance--and shared with many. At the same time, urban architectural achievements have become idols unto themselves. People visit the Eiffel Tower for the purposes of visiting the Eiffel Tower. Even in the act of being a tourist or a spectator we are being placed in positions of passivity. The goal is to absorb whatever man made phenomena has been constructed for the purposes of enjoying it intrinsically without understanding why. In their article "Rhetoric and Materiality in the Museum Park at the North Carolina Museum of Art" Kenneth Zagacki and Victoria Gallagher rhetorically analyze the complex and interwoven spaces of the North Carolina Museum of Art. Their research claims that "the move from symbolicity to materiality involves a shift from examining representations (what does a text mean/what are the persuader's goals) to examining enactments (what does a text or artifact do/what are the consequences beyond that of the persuader's goals) and, as Carole Blair suggests, to considering the significance a particular artifact or text's material existence: What does it do with or against other artifacts? And how does it act on persons?" (Zagacki and Gallagher 172). This move from the purely symbolic importance of a text or artifact to its materiality is exceptionally important when discussing how potential Situationist projects can be materialized into and implemented effectively in the real world. The Situationists were essentially radical realists—their critiques need to exist in the most material form possible in order to generate the conscious liberation that they desired. That being said Margaret LaWare and Victoria Gallagher "...suggest that material rhetorics contribute to discourses of public identity by inviting visitors to see and experience landscape (or physical context) around them in new, and very much embodied ways" (as cited in Zagacki and Gallagher 172). The recursive nature of material rhetorics allows us to analyze exactly how environment's are affecting individual's subjectivities and how they too can go about affecting their world in new ways. I turn to this article specifically for the methodology that Zagacki and Gallagher construct in order to discuss in a more concrete fashion the rhetorical complexity of these spaces and their potential affect on visitors: we argue, through two material enactments of the human/nature interface that we characterize as ‘‘inside/outside’’ and ‘‘regenerative/transformative.’’ By ‘‘inside/outside,’’ we refer to the experience of moving (1) between constructed spaces, such as a museum space or an urban landscape, to less constructed, more organic spaces such as the outdoor park or the rural landscape; and (2) between what we refer to as natural history and human history. By ‘‘regenerative/transformative,’’ we mean moving (1) from natural states to human-constructed states and back again to nature, and (2) from one state of understanding to another. The capacity to create spaces of attention that call forth particular experiences reveals the potential rhetorical impact and reach of the Museum Park’s material forms. (173) The framework established here is specifically most affective when discussing these specific spaces—not every material space will have an inside/outside which would lend itself to phenomenological observation. However, for the purposes of this project, I find it important to reflect on how the "static/dynamic" enactments produced by the space harboring Banksy's work functions as a method to produce the "concrete/utopia" enactment by détourning expectations of space via messages whose kairotic nature—its location in time and place—and content create a specific psychogeography which can revolutionize our expectations and engagement with the world.

Depuis la fin des années 1960, la scénographie suscite un intérêt croissant, surtout au théâtre mais aussi dans les autres arts, dans l'exposition, au cinéma, ou encore dans les meetings politiques, etc. En France, le nombre de thèses touchant au sujet a augmenté considérablement depuis 1985, pour atteindre le chiffre de 182 début 2017. Or, sa définition reste pour le moins floue et suscite des débats et des positionnements forts, voire radicaux, surtout quant à sa dépendance au théâtre et à sa qualité d'espace. Il s’avère alors d'un grand intérêt de proposer une approche théorique et scientifique pertinente de la scénographie contemporaine, afin de lui donner une définition claire qui pourrait servir de matériau commun aux théoriciens comme aux praticiens ou encore aux étudiants.La démarche de cette recherche relie l'élaboration d'une théorie systémique de la scénographie, dans un premier temps, avec son itinéraire historique depuis la Grèce antique enrichie de nouvelles traductions des textes de référence, dans un second temps. Elle intègre aussi, comme cas d'expérimentation de la théorie dans un troisième temps, l'analyse d'un corpus particulier qui retrace le mouvement de «déreprésentation» du Courant 0 au XXe siècle. Elle termine enfin son parcours, dans un quatrième temps, avec l'approfondissement des véritables enjeux humains de la théorie à travers le prisme de l'émotion. Un quatrième temps d'expérimentation « en laboratoire », analyse une production pratique. L'approfondissement du rapport humain ménagé par la machine dans l'investissement émotionnel de l'être humain récepteur, rend compte d'une place fondamentale laissée à autrui. Elle termine enfin son parcours, par l'observation de capacités particulières de la machine (attribution d'intégrité et médiation) à travers l'étude d'applications spécifiques (marionnette et exposition). Avec la récurrence de la notion de représentation, c'est la machine à représenter qui se découvre. Elle déborde de loin l'idée d'espace pour se définir comme création et maniement de représentations, d'images et d'imaginaires. Ce qu'on pourrait aussi appeler conception de mise en situation d'image, repose sur une gradation du rapport entre image, usage, support et expérience. Elle crée et structure une idée de rapport. Elle se pose ainsi comme média en conditionnant la relation de l'humain au monde de part son rapport et sa représentation à travers l'émotion
Since the late sixties, scenography became a trend in France, the majority being for the theater but also featured in art, exhibition, movies, or political summits, etc. In France, the number of Ph. D. theses touching this subject rose exponentially since 1985, and boasting a total of 182 pieces in early 2017. Nevertheless, its definition remains blurred, leading to debates and strong statements, particularly about the inherent dependency to the theatrical domain and its spatial essence. Thus, the goal of this research is to provide an accurate theoretical and scientific approach to contemporary scenography, outlining a clear definition that can serve as common material for professionals, theorists and students.Firstly, this research elaborates upon the concept of a systemic theory of scenography, baring the historical path that scenography went threw since the time of ancient Greece. Secondly it introduces new translations of referential texts. The third point is about a special corpus analysis which traces the movement of the unmaking representation by the Stream 0 (Courant 0) during the XXe century as an experimental case for testing the theory’s validity. The fourth point opens a practical laboratory. The human paradigm is deepened through an emotional investment as the theory’s real life challenge. Lastly, this research studies three special habilities of the machine related to the emotional investment (integrity attribution and mediation) trhough three specific applications (puppetry and exhibition).The prevalence of the notion of representation is what ultimately reveals the representation making machine. It goes far beyond the idea of space to define itself as creation, as well as the manipulation of representations, images and imagination. What could be known as image situation design is based on a gradation of the relationship between image, use, support and experience. The machine orchestrates and structures the idea of a relation ratio. It positions itself then as a tangible medium by conditioning the link between humanity to the world - by its relation and its representation - through emotion

Vi vill med det här kandidatarbetet ifrågasätta begäret efter övermäniskan som vi menar att reklam för modeindustrin idag porträtterar. Med hjälp av Guy Debords skådespelssamhälle och Gilles Deleuze och Felix Guattaris teorier ifrågasatter vi vad det är vi begär och varför vi gör det. Vi ifrågasätter övermänniskan som modeindustrin producerar med förhoppningen att det ökar medvetenheten för personer i samhället.    Ifrågasättandet av begäret har resulterat i två gestaltningar, en klänning av sönderrivna sidor ur boken Mein Kampf och en kreation av hönsnät formad som en naken kvinna. Vi känner oss fångade av modeindustrin och känner oss illa till mods över hur den mänskliga kroppen porträtteras i reklam för mode. Vi menar att det i klädreklam snarare handlar om avsaknaden av den mänskliga kroppen då bilderna retuscheras till en artefakt.     Vi ser vår undersökning som en grund till en fortsatt undersökning om ett alternativ och förhoppningsvis kommer vårt begär i framtiden förflyttats från övermänniskan till något mer mänskligt.
In this Bachelor thesis we question the desire for the übermensch that we mean advertising for the fashion industry portrays today. With help of Guy Debord's “Society of the Spectacle” and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's theories we question our desire and why we desire it. We question the übermensch that the the fashion industry produces with the hope that it will increase the society’s awareness.    The questioning of desire has resulted in two designs, a dress of torn pages from the book Mein Kampf and the creation of chicken wire shaped like a naked woman. We feel trapped by the fashion industry and feel uneasy about how the human body is portrayed in advertisements for fashion. We believe that the advertising for clothing is more about the lack of the human body when the images are retouched into an artifact.    We see our study as a basis for a continued research for an option and in the future hopefully our desire will be moved from the übermensch into something more human. In this Bachelor thesis we question the desire for the übermensch that we mean advertising for the fashion industry portrays today. With help of Guy Debord's “Society of the Spectacle” and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's theories we question our desire and why we desire it. We question the übermensch that the the fashion industry produces with the hope that it will increase the society’s awareness.    The questioning of desire has resulted in two designs, a dress of torn pages from the book Mein Kampf and the creation of chicken wire shaped like a naked woman. We feel trapped by the fashion industry and feel uneasy about how the human body is portrayed in advertisements for fashion. We believe that the advertising for clothing is more about the lack of the human body when the images are retouched into an artifact.    We see our study as a basis for a continued research for an option and in the future hopefully our desire will be moved from the übermensch into something more human.

Il y aurait interaction constante entre théâtre comique, masque et pouvoir que nous examinons à travers une lecture intertextuelle et comparative des pièces françaises, francophones et égyptiennes des XIXe et XXe siècles, en mettant l’accent sur les techniques de camouflage et leurs objectifs, témoins d’une continuité entre les cultures. Nous démontrons que la distanciation, bien que rattachée au monde sérieux de la dramaturgie brechtienne, excelle surtout dans le théâtre comique du masque. Ce projet comporte en fait trois parties. Dans une première partie, nous passons en revue dans le premier chapitre les métamorphoses du masque avec ses procédés en arrimant théâtre comique et notion du pouvoir. Nous posons ensuite dans un second chapitre l’assise théorique et méthodologique qui sert de base à notre étude, en abordant le théâtre du masque comme un procédé dramaturgique de distanciation. Nous examinons premièrement la distanciation à travers les zones du texte (didascalies, prologue, spectacle enchâssé), où le théâtre se dit comme tel. Nous consacrons la deuxième partie à l’exploration de tous les procédés d’étrangéisation employés par les dramaturges en vue de distancier le personnage portant le masque du pouvoir, en mettant en lumière son caractère bouffon et carnavalesque. Le travestissement sous ses divers aspects impose un rapport de forces entre les personnages qui se manifeste à travers l’échange verbal et non verbal derrière le masque ainsi que l’espace et la temporalité, et constitue un vecteur de distanciation, comme on le voit dans la troisième partie. Le cadre spatio-temporel, étant le support d’un jeu de faire-semblant, enracine la relation de domination occasionnée par le masque. Du fictif se dégage une image du réel
There would be constant interaction between comic theater, mask, and power that we examine through a comparative and intertextual reading of French francophone, and egyptian plays from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; focusing on the techniques of camouflage and their targets, which affirm continuity between cultures. We show that “distanciation”, although attached to the serious world of Brechtian dramaturgy, excels in the comic theater of the mask. This project comprises of three parts. In the first chapter of the initial part, we review the metamorphoses of the mask with its processes, by matching comic theater and concept of power. Then we put in a second chapter ,the theoretical basis and methodology, used as the basis for our study; addressing the theater of the mask as a dramatic process of “distanciation”. Firstly we examine the distance through the zones of the text (stage directions, prologue, & embedded shows), where the theater is presented alike. We devote the second part to the exploration of all the processes employed by the playwrights, in order to distance the character wearing the mask of power, highlighting its comic and carnivalesque aspects. The travesty in its various facets imposes a balance of power (relationship of power) between the characters. Which is manifested through verbal and non verbal exchange behind the mask ,space, and time which are vectors of distanciation (as seen in the third part). The spatio-temporal framework, being the holder of a game of make-believe, rooted the relationship of domination caused by the mask. The fictitious emerges an image of reality

Basée sur l’hypothèse que le théâtre est susceptible d’intervenir sur le « vivre-ensemble » des hommes, cette étude prend la mesure du bouleversement à l’œuvre sur les scènes théâtrales françaises contemporaines pour définir théoriquement ses potentialités. À cette fin, elle construit des correspondances entre deux objets : le rapport acteurs-spectateurs à l’œuvre dans quinze spectacles contemporains (2005-2008) et certains textes philosophiques de Georges Bataille et Michel Foucault. De l’« archéologie du présent » de Naissance de la biopolitique au geste de la « dépense » de La Part maudite, les deux philosophies, qui se complètent l’une l’autre, s’inscrivent en réaction à un « vivre-ensemble » fondé sur l’utilité et le jeu des intérêts particuliers. L’étude analyse de façon répétée un élément constitutif d’un ou de plusieurs spectacles pour ensuite le corréler à un point spécifique des deux pensées a-dialectiques. La réflexion s’élabore en trois étapes : la scène, le spectateur, l’acteur. Au fur et à mesure, un théâtre prend forme, fondé sur la co-existence des contraires et dévolu à la communication, qui, un temps, rompt l’isolement des êtres séparés. En conclusion, l’étude dégage les effets de fragilisation auxquels ce théâtre soumettrait notre mode d’organisation politique. La thèse comprend en annexe dix-neuf entretiens avec les artistes des spectacles du corpus
This research is based on the hypothesis that drama could potentially influence the « being together » among people. It measures the big change taking place in French contemporary theatres in order to define theoretically its capacities. The study aims at finding links between two notions : the actor-spectator relationship in fifteen contemporary performances (2005-2008) and philosophical texts by Georges Bataille and Michel Foucault. From the « archeology of the present » in Naissance de la biopolitique to the act of « spending » in La Part Maudite, these two philosophies which add one to the other stand as a reaction to a « being together » based on usefulness and the intervention of private interests. This study analyses repeatedly one element of one or several performances and correlates them to a specific point in the two a-dialectical thoughts. It has three parts : the stage, le spectator, the actor. A theatre gradually takes shape, based on the co-existence of opposites and dedicated to communication which puts an end to the isolation of separate beings for a while. At the end, the study highlights the fact that this theatre could undermine our political organisation. This thesis includes nineteen interviews with the artists from the performances of the corpus

Parmi toutes les écritures, celle du théâtre engage le corps d’une manière particulière : elle l’accueille non seulement comme une représentation mais aussi comme un instrument, un matériau, une présence. Le dramaturge se trouve confronté au corps de la manière la plus étroite ; aux prises avec sa constitution, ses ressources, ses limites et, en définitive, avec son essence. C’est pourquoi nous abordons le rapport qui lie Paul Valéry au corps précisément à travers son expérience théâtrale : le drame est sans doute le domaine privilégié où cet auteur explore et approfondit sa relation au corps -une relation qui, pour être problématique et conflictuelle, n’en est pas moins riche. Valéry est un grand écrivain du corps. La première partie de notre étude se penche sur le rapport que l’auteur entretient vis-à-vis de l’incarnation scénique : son théâtre suppose-t-il, appelle-t-il ou, du moins, tolère-t-il le corps ? Nous sommes amenés, dans une deuxième partie, à analyser la manière dont le dramaturge se saisit de la présence vivante de l’interprète et l’incorpore dans son écriture scénique ; à définir donc la place que le corps occupe à l’intérieur de l’esthétique théâtrale de l’auteur. Dans la troisième partie, nous cherchons à préciser les représentations, les visions ou les conceptions du corps qui se dessinent au fil des drames et des ébauches tracés par l’écrivain ; en d’autres termes à déterminer quels sont les discours sur le corps que tient ce discours du corps qu’est l’oeuvre théâtrale de Valéry
Among all the literary genres, theatre deals with the human body in a unique way: not only is the body figured in a play but it also becomes a substance, an instrument, a presence on the stage. A playwright will always, in some way or another, be confronted with the body in the meaning of its biological constitution, its shape and movement, its resources and limitations and, ultimately, its essence. Theatre is therefore one of the most interesting fields for studying Valéry’s approach to the human body : in no other part of his work does the writer embrace the body in such an immediate, complex, profound - and nonetheless problematic and ambiguous -way. Valéry is an immense artist of the body. The first part of this work explores how Valéry contemplates the experience of theatrical embodiment: do his dramatic works and projects need and call on the actor’s active matter ? Or do they, at least, tolerate it ? The second part analyses the different ways in which Valéry’s aesthetic principles incorporate the presence and movement of the body in dramatic writing: how are the expressive means of the actor seized and transformed by artistic conventions, processes or techniques ? The last part aims to specify the conceptions of the body that emerge from Valéry’s plays and drafts: what does this theatre, as a language of the body, tell us about the human body ?

Ce texte d'accompagnement a pour but de rendre compte de l'expérimentation de la mise en implication de la déconstruction derridienne et de certains de ses concepts constitutifs dans le processus de mise en chantier de deux sphères fondamentales de l'activité théâtrale, soit l'écriture du texte et la mise en scène, à partir de matériaux textuels existants. Ce mémoire cherche donc à témoigner de la trace de la déconstruction et de l'espace que celle-ci a occupé dans le processus de réécriture et d'adaptation de trois oeuvres (Hamlet, Faust et Punch) ainsi que dans le processus d'élaboration de la mise en scène de cette adaptation. Cette adaptation sous forme de lecture croisée et ce compte rendu de la trace qu'occupe la déconstruction dans notre processus de création sont précédés d'une étude non-exhaustive de la déconstruction comme concept philosophique général, puis comme protocole de lecture et enfin en tant que possible principe moteur à la création d'une oeuvre théâtrale multidisciplinaire ou pluridisciplinaire. Pour réaliser l'étude, Derrida (l'homme et le philosophe) et le parcours de sa pensée à travers ses oeuvres sont au préalable présentés. Puis, la déconstruction est définie de manière générale, ensuite précisée en fonction de son contexte théâtral d'utilisation, et enfin disséminée en neuf concepts ou groupes concepts constitutifs jugés essentiels à l'expérimentation : le joint et le dis-joint, la marge, la trace, la ruine, le texte, la différance, la spectralité, le cadre et la signature. Dans ce document, certaines hypothèses découlent de l'emploi de ces concepts dans le processus d'écriture (ou de réécriture) dramaturgique et de mise en scène, la principale étant que la déconstruction, par le protocole de mise en lecture qu'elle implique, oriente la création en s'avérant génératrice de nouvelles écritures, donc libératrice de nouveaux sens. Il va de soi qu'elle engage une certaine responsabilité du créateur face aux oeuvres qu'il déconstruit, c'est-à-dire non pas celle de la relecture, mais bel et bien celle de la lecture, de la lecture active et responsable, propice à la création d'une oeuvre de théâtre transdisciplinaire. L'utilisation de l'exemple déconstructionnisté de Glas de Jacques Derrida comme expérience d'analyse et d'écriture en lecture croisée contribue également à l'encadrement de l'expérimentation d'un point de vue formel. Le texte Et cetera de Derrida servira quant à lui de guide idéologique à notre définition de la déconstruction derridienne. Afin de définir et de cerner plus avant la déconstruction derridienne, ses concepts constitutifs et leurs possibilités de mise en influence sur le processus d'écriture (ou de réécriture), qu'il soit dramaturgique ou scénique, les travaux de plusieurs auteurs comme Marc Goldschmit, Stratos E. Constantinidis, Nathalie Roelens, Peter Brunette, David Wills, Béatrice Picon-Vallin, André Green, André Dabezies et bien sûr Derrida lui-même (avec principalement Glas et Et Cetera) serviront d'assises théoriques à l'analyse. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Derrida, Déconstruction, Hamlet, Faust, Punch, Théâtre multidisciplinaire, Interdisciplinarité.

La medicina delle arti, frequentemente e anche in àmbito medico, in Europa come negli altri Con­tinenti, non è ancora conosciuta, ben compresa, inquadrata e ri­conosciuta. Abbiamo voluto oc­cuparcene anche per questo. Partendo da una disamina sul suo si­gnificato filosofico ed episte­mologico, siamo approdati a una sua lettura etica e bioetica al fine di comprenderne limiti e punti di forza per provare a trovare quelli che siano potenzialmente condi­visibili da (e intellegibili a) tutti i professionisti che se ne occupino: medi­ci, riabilitatori, insegnan­ti di arti della voce, della musica, della danza e del circo, filosofi, artisti etc. Cer­tamente lontana dalla medicina oggi detta “com­plementare” e “non-evidence based”, la medicina delle arti performatiche (del cui nome ci siamo anche occupati di trattare lungamente perché, se non se ne tro­va uno idoneo, la branca non può sperare di definirsi) non va intesa sol­tanto come una medicina multidisci­plinare per la salute dell'artista bensì come branca del sapere medico, filosofico e pedagogi­co utile a otte­nere una piena salute fisica, psichica ed emotiva del­l'arte e dell'artista. Per far que­sto, serve una interdisci­plinarità che non sempre si nota negli ap­proccî da noi studiati analizzan­do ateoretica­mente i mo­delli inter­nazionali con cui, personalmente o tramite intermediarî, ci siamo confrontati. Medicina non so­lamente del­l'artista ma anche e soprattut­to, dell'arte stessa (che, a volte, abbisogna essa pure di essere cu­rata), ci siamo occu­pati di parlarne prendendo il via, non senza diversi limi­ti, anche da uno studio stori­co ed etico del­l'esigenza e della fattualità della cura dell'arte e di quella del performer dalle origi­ni a oggi.
Performing Arts (PA) Medicine, meant as a "medicine for the art of living entertainment", is still not known and not well un­derstood and framed and recognized, in Europe as well as in the other Continents. Starting from a discussion on the philosophical and epistemolo­gical meaning of this branch of medicine, we have arrived at a personal ethical and bioethical reading in order to un­derstand its limits and strengths for doctors, rehab professionals, teachers of the arts of voice, music, dance and circus, philoso­phers and, obviously, artists. PA Medicine (whose name we also dealt about) is far from that me­dicine to­day called "complementary"/"not-Evidence Based", and is a branch of medical and philosophical and pedagogi­cal knowledge useful to the artist's and art's physical, psychic and emotional health. PA Medicine is a Medicine not only for the artist but for the PA themsel­ves which, at times, also need to be cured. We have deepened this last topic also starting from an historical and ethic study of the phenome­non of the “care and curing” of arts and of performers, from the origins to today.
Notre travail a pour objectif de traiter de la médecine des arts de la scène, et plus largement de la méde­cine des arts du spectacle vivant. En Europe et dans le monde, ce domaine médical n'est en effet pas tou­jours connu, compris, organisé ou reconnu. À partir d'une discussion sur la signification philosophique et épistémologique de ce sujet, et en nous appuyant sur notre pratique de médecin phoniâtre depuis vingt deux ans, notamment dans le domaine de la bioéthique et de la médecine de la voix, nous avons entrepris une lecture éthique et bioéthique visant à comprendre ses limites et ses possibilités, ainsi que ce qui est partageable et compréhensible par les pro­fessionnels susceptibles de l’exercer: médecins, rééducateurs, enseignants en art (de la voix, de la musique, de la danse ou du cirque), philosophes et, évidemment, ar­tistes. Il nous est apparu que, loin d’appartenir aux thérapeutiques "complémentaires" ou "non fondées sur des preuves", la médecine des arts et du spectacle ne doit pas être comprise uniquement comme une médecine multidisciplinaire, mais comme une branche interdisciplinaire reposant sur des connais­sances philosophiques et pédagogiques utiles à la santé physique, psychique et émotionnelle des artistes. En analysant plusieurs modèles internationaux, dont plusieurs auxquels nous contribuons, nous avons pu faire le constat que cette interdisciplinarité n'est pas toujours évidente. Nous avons enfin émis l’hypo­thèse que la médecine des arts et du spectacle vivant est une méde­cine non seulement pour l'artiste mais aussi et avant tout pour les arts du spectacle eux-mêmes qui, parfois, doivent également être soignés. Nous avons approfondi ce dernier sujet en conduisant une étude historique et éthique du phénomène du soin et de la cure de l'art et de l'interprète, des origines à nos jours.