Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philosophie du genre'
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Van, der Meeren Sophie. "Protreptique et philosophie, étude sur la constitution d'un genre." Lille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL3A006.
Full textGrino, Claire. "Corps, genre et nouvelles technologies biomédicales : reconfigurations antinaturalistes au sein des théories féministes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26834.
Full textThe biological materiality of the human body has become an object of unprecedented interventions through “new biomedical technologies” as medically assisted procreation, genetic tests, or hormonal contraception. This thesis interrogates the difficulties inherent to anti-naturalist approaches in order to address the biological dimension of sexed bodies. “One is not born a woman, one becomes one”, but is this also true for the body? The analytical frames of materialist or deconstructivist feminism cannot cease the modalities through which biomedical technologies invest the flesh. Do biomedical technologies make constructivist approaches obsolete through the revenge of a biological – hormonal, genetic, molecular – ground that tops the anatomical effects of socialization? Partisans of a feminist “material turn” seem to think so. After analyzing how the molecular biology revolution changes the very concept of nature in defining it as “life itself”, I offer an alternative interpretation by defining biomedical technologies as technologies of power that stem from a molecular biopolitics of gender. Instead of overturning constructivist perspectives, these new social mediations (residing on a new epistemic paradigm) help understanding a shift in what has been seen as the limits of gender. This shift creates unprecedented identities, experiences and subjectivities of gender. In exposing the coordinates of the biomedical apparatus, this comparative study between disciplinary techniques and molecular biopolitics of gender pleads for a renewed anti-naturalist critique that takes the form of a critique of technology in order to allow for a collective appropriation of biomedical technologies.
Riout, Denys. "Histoire de la peinture monochrome : (l'invention d'un genre)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010534.
Full textThe radical monochrome was for many years considered the ultimate reduction of pictorial possibility, the final stage of the art of painting. And yet, since the beginning of the century, gallery and museum walls have exhibited an increasing number of such works. This thesis sets out to show how monochrome painting, though constantly threatened by cliché, has become a genre in its own right. The first part describes the efforts made by Yves klein to present himself as the inventor of a genre he knew he had not created. It analyses the works he rejected in order to consolidate his own inaugural position, and also looks at monochromes by his contemporaries. The second part follows the destiny of the genre after klein's tour de force had captured public attention. The noteworthy success of the monochrome since the seventies has in turn stimulated research into its pre-twentieth century forerunners. Their work is discussed in the third part. Given the prevailling artistic dogma of representation, the monochromes of Alphonse Allais, like those of his predecessors and followers, were invariably presented as paradoxical and comic works of mimesis. Having analysed its history, it becomes clear that monochrome. .
Brouillette, Xavier. "La philosophie Delphique de Plutarque : l'itinéraire des "Propos pythiques"." Paris, EPHE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EPHE5010.
Full textThis thesis is based on a reading of the Pythian Dialogues as a coherent collection of texts. We postulate that the "Delphic themes evoked in these texts are intimately linked with philosophical themes", as is apparent in the title of the corpus, the "puthikoi logoi" (De E, 384E). Within the text this interweaving is termed the "topological synthesis". This concept is developped in four chapters. The first chapter "Philosophy and dialogue in the Pythian Dialogues" looks at both dialogues as a literay genre and at how discussion is staged in the Pythian Dialogues. The second chapter developpes into the question of "Delphic Theology" as discussed in the Pyhian Dialogues, analysing both the content of Ammonius' discourse on the Delphic Apollo and his remarks concerning Dionysus. The third chapter "Delphic meditations" provides a study of the mediating figures presented in the "De defectu" and the "De Pythiae", analysing the themes of the daemons and the pneuma. The section closes with remarks on the intermediary-soul of the Pythia. The fourth and final chapter, "Delphic Anthropology", addresses the human condition, not only though the words of Ammonios in a discussion on temporality and change but also through a reflection on the epistemological consequences of this condition. A brief discussion on the problems of the Academy and the scepticism of Plutach precede the conclusion on the value and the purpose of the Pythian Dialogues
Bahuaud, Ndayishimiye Sara. "Un genre littéraire entre critique et poétique : le dictionnaire." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030019.
Full textThis research is focused on the dictionary as an object, from the first inventories to the literary dictionary and the parodic dictionary. It seemed relevant to start with a historical survey of the different forms of the classification of knowledge (lists, miscellanies, collections…) so that a typology of the dictionaries and their themes could be established. The Dictionnaire des idées reçues by G. Flaubert and The Devil’s Dictionary by A. Bierce give evidence of the questioning of knowledge that took place in the 19th century. A dictionary cannot possibly contain all words nor the encyclopaedia represent the universe epitomized. The dictionary that dictates, fixes norms and meanings is now used to denounce stereotypes and forms that have been frozen. Besides, it is an instrument for social criticism. The 20th century questions the content and limits of knowledge, the dictionary also produces a parody of knowledge or becomes an instrument of humour such as the Dictionnaire Khazar by M. Pavic, Le Fabuleux Bestiaire de madame Berthe by F. Tristan or Le Livre des êtres imaginaires de Borges. From a work endowed with authority it remains a tool which is in prolific use, a “dream machine” which can be read as a new genre of fragmented fiction, flashes of knowledge, brief forms of literature. The alphabetic constraint, a lever to the imaginary, liberates expression and opens up the personal universe of authors - Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes, Uno y el Universo by E. Sàbato, Ce que je crois A/Z by C. Fuentes, Du retour, Abécédaire biopolitique by A. Negri, Le sens de la visite by M. Deguy - the dictionary breaks all conventional aesthetics with Bardadrac by Gérard Genette
Elsingaby, Sara. "Métamorphose du genre utopique durant le siècle des Lumières." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010734.
Full textLaumonier, Lucie. "Au miroir de l'amour médecine, philosophie et représentations dans l'oeuvre d'Évrart de Conty." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2680.
Full textProst, Camille. "Une ontologie du quatuor à cordes : philosophie de la musique pour quatre instrumentistes." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30058/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to build an ontology of the string quartet. The designation ‘string quartet’ can refer to three different meanings: a group of four musical instruments (formation), a genre, or a group of four musicians who play together. In musicology, a string quartet is distinguished by the homogeneity of the timbres, the individuality of voices, the quaternity and the specific dialogism of the voices. This work proposes to describe these three semantic levels and their essential characteristics, hence a wide selected corpus: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Reicha, Bartók, Schönberg, Feldman, F.Baschet amongst others. The first part consists of an ontology of the instrument formation and shows that a quartet is a “structure of performing means” which became autonomous with regard to the “pure structure” as defined by Jerrold Levinson. From that point of view, the string quartet is a reliable paradigm to think of the birth of other formations and their historical developments. The second part consists in constructing an ontology of the genre and demonstrates that the historical evolution of the string quartet is not paradigmatic but exemplary; and that its development is determined by a balance between plasticity and crystallisation. The final part examines the ontological limits of the string quartet: on the one hand, the timbre, and on the other, the musicians’ bodies through specific physical gestures. This thesis, therefore, aims to develop an ontological system that is characterised by its different essential elements, its specific rules (plasticity versus crystallisation), and its limits. These philosophical analyses not only relate to existing musicological research, but also involve a consideration of dance performance, film and various other artistic works
Vannouvong, Agnès. "Jean Genet ou les revers du genre : esthétique du genre et mise en scène de l' identité dans le théâtre de Jean Genet." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082792.
Full textInverse, reverse, queer. Boundaries, between-ness, gap. Such terms describe the instability of the subject’s position as represented in Jean Genet’s theatre. In his work, the low brushes against the high, the masculine blends within the feminine —and vice versa—, the sexual flirts with the religious, and opposites mingle. This dissertation, « Jean Genet ou le revers du genre », (Jean Genet or the other side of gender), demonstrates that Genet’s dramatic representation of sexual polymorphism paves its way toward a poetics of ambiguity. First, this study shows how the androgynous and transvestite fictional figures that the playwright brings onto the stage embody the distortion and queerness of the sexualized image he has in mind. The deconstructionist framework within which this research is carried out establishes a criticism of the normative binary system. It begins by focusing on the playful imaginary aspects of the visual element of Genet’s dramatic representation. Secondly, it demonstrates that his theatrical conception relies on a model of surveillance that questions the status of the spectator. Then, the third part of this study gives a more precise definition of what is envisioned here as the expression of a « polysexual », aesthetics, constructing on stage a circulation of sexual, social and imaginary identities through the manipulation and distortion of scenic images. This study then concludes with an analysis of the way in which Genet goes beyond these dramatic games to establish his identity politics and aesthetics as social and cultural constructs. The author seizes the metamorphic quality of identity, bringing the disconnectedness of the subject to the forefront by doing and undoing gender. Jean Genet’s unclassifiable body of work escapes traditional literary categorizations, disturbing us as it interrogates our humanity and exposes the fluidity of each of our identities. It destabilizes our foundations as it embodies our sexual urges before our eyes in an object of desire which may be feminine, masculine or which perhaps stems from a third sex
Grino, Claire. "Corps, genre et nouvelles technologies biomédicales : reconfigurations antinaturalistes au sein des théories féministes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010523/document.
Full textThe biological materiality of the human body has become an object of unprecedented interventions through “new biomedical technologies” as medically assisted procreation, genetic tests, or hormonal contraception. This thesis interrogates the difficulties inherent to anti-naturalist approaches in order to address the biological dimension of sexed bodies. “One is not born a woman, one becomes one”, but is this also true for the body? The analytical frames of materialist or deconstructivist feminism cannot cease the modalities through which biomedical technologies invest the flesh. Do biomedical technologies make constructivist approaches obsolete through the revenge of a biological – hormonal, genetic, molecular – ground that tops the anatomical effects of socialization? Partisans of a feminist “material turn” seem to think so. After analyzing how the molecular biology revolution changes the very concept of nature in defining it as “life itself”, I offer an alternative interpretation by defining biomedical technologies as technologies of power that stem from a molecular biopolitics of gender. Instead of overturning constructivist perspectives, these new social mediations (residing on a new epistemic paradigm) help understanding a shift in what has been seen as the limits of gender. This shift creates unprecedented identities, experiences and subjectivities of gender. In exposing the coordinates of the biomedical apparatus, this comparative study between disciplinary techniques and molecular biopolitics of gender pleads for a renewed anti-naturalist critique that takes the form of a critique of technology in order to allow for a collective appropriation of biomedical technologies
Möser, Cornelia. "Les débats féministes sur le "genre" en France et en Allemagne : théories voyageuses et traductions culturelles." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/178876976#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the feminist gender debates in the 1990s and 2000 in France and Germany in order to examine the processes of translation. It follows the paths of the cultural transfers that took place in the feminist gender debates and focuses on the productivity of the transformations that occur through translation. Starting from an analysis of these debates and their contextualization, the author argues that the theories that the participants in these debates identify as “gender theory” are in fact primarily theories that are strongly influenced by so-called “French theory”. The conspicuous similarities between the tense debates on “French feminism” in the US in the 1980s and the French and German gender debates provide insight into the strategic construction of theoretical canons, that then undermine or even attack hegemonic theoretical sets. Looking more closely at the “French feminism” debate in the US, the author goes onto examine the 1980s “culture wars”: the competing constellation of critical theory and so-called postmodern theory or deconstruction. What appears to be conflicting here actually had earlier moments of non-conflictual interrelation as the analysis of the French obsession with German modernist theory from the 1960s to the end of the 1980s show. In this context, translation must be understood as a central factor in the globalized knowledge production. For feminist researchers in France and Germany, the gender debates correlate with their institutionalization what also led them to write the history of feminist thinking. I discuss the teleological pitfalls in this project by considering the gender debate’s most frequently-occurring narratives
Martinek, Claudia. "Les identités de genre dans la littérature camerounaise et française contemporaine : Images du "Soi", images de l'"Autre"." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CERG0226.
Full textAlmost half a century after the official decolonization of the largest part of Africa, the number of representations of Africa and Africans is increasing in Europe today. Along with other forms of representation, African literature is becoming more and more popular among European readers. What are the reasons for this renewal of interest? This thesis investigates the literary images of Africans which are transmitted via contemporary African literature: How do the characters presented by African writers relate to the European “Self” as it is depicted in contemporary European literature? From a European point of view, is the “Other” really so different? Focusing on gender identities presented by Cameroonian and French novelists, our analysis shows that the images of the “Self” and of the “Other” overlap in gender-related issues. Moreover, all characters suffer from a painful discontent and engage in actual quests in order to fight it. In a progressively “globalized” world, French readers seem to recognize some of their own preoccupations in Cameroonian literature, which is a possible explanation for the increasing success of African literature in Europe today. The novels analyzed are: Philomène M. Bassek, La tache de sang (1990) ; Calixthe Beyala, Tu t'appelleras Tanga (1988), Maman a un amant (1993) ; Yodi Karone, À la recherche du cannibale amour (1988) ; Evelyne Mpoudi Ngolle, Sous la cendre le feu (1990) ; Patrice Nganang, La promesse des fleurs (1997) ; Simon Njami, African Gigolo (1989) ; Frédéric Beigbeder, Vacances dans le coma (1994) ; Marie Darrieussecq, Truismes (1996) ; Virginie Despentes, Baise-moi (1994), Les Jolies Choses (1998) ; Michel Houellebecq, Plateforme (2001)
Langlet, Irène. "Les théories de l'essai littéraire dans la seconde moitié du XXème siècle : domaines francophone, germanophone et anglophone : synthèses et enjeux." Rennes 2, 1995. https://acces.bibliotheque-diderot.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.15122/isbn.978-2-406-05668-3.
Full textA synthesis of the theoretical and critical studies of the literary essay brings to light three types of stakes. As regards the theory of literary genres, the essay demands particular strategies for being legitimated as a literary genre ; it implies a overhaul of the general theory of literature and of the concept of literariness. At philosophical level, it gives rise to a critical deepening of the principles of occidental epistemology, of the notion of conscious subject, and of the concept of culture. Lastly, from a socio-critical point of view, it needs the setting of new theoritical tools for being apprehended azs a literary event, being the concern of both writer and publisher in the global context of production and legitimation institutioins of nonfictionnal texts. The concepts of conditional literariness and of attentional object of the aesthetic experience give a theoretical frame which allows to integrate the equisitions of recent rhetoric research, of reception theory, of research on the paratext of literary works and of pragmatic analysis of dicourse. This frame offers possibility for having the previously stakes brought to light converged for a study of the literary essay
Auguet, Gérard. "La discussion à visée philosophique aux cycles 2 et 3 : un genre scolaire nouveau en voie d'institution?" Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30064.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to point out how a new not yet established practice,the philosophically-oriented debate, tends to form a new school genre in itself. Once a theorical model of the genre, taking into account its build-up and the various stakes eamarked by the theoricians and practitioners of the philosophy for children has been put togheter, the analysis of a corpus including the 1st and 2nd cycles of primary school aims to put this theorical genre to the test of the concrete, leading to didactic suggestions. Then it is wondered in a third part whether the genre belongs to the field of philosophy in order to show that only its deliberate inclusion in that field enables it to form a genre and contribue towards achieving the priority targets of the main trends which assert themselves within the philosophy for children, i. E. Learning what philosophy is, command of the language, civics, structuring the topic, cognitive remedial
Melançon, Jérôme. "Merleau-Ponty et la politique : aux marges de la philosophie." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070050.
Full textThis work attempts to show how politics is a horizon of philosophy for Merleau-Ponty: it is its atmosphere and it makes up its situation. Philosophy can turn back unto itself and become political philosophy and, with Merleau-Ponty, it becomes cultural action. It always acts with power and the state in sight, but without being an action of government. As a phenomenologist, Merleau-Ponty unveils the proper place of politics: the flesh of the world and of history, the place of our apparition to each other, of which our common life consists. His political texts deal as much with our avowed intentions and with the goals at the origin of our actions as with what we inevitably do together through those actions, that is, instituting our interpersonal relationships and found them anew from our existing and available relationships. Understood in a dialectic manner and according to the movement of institution, politics emerges from society and returns to it in order to transform it. Philosophy will then have for Merleau-Ponty the task of unveiling our ties to others as well as the possibilities of the present, in order to overcome the lack of understanding of the regimes in place, the jamming of a thought bogged down in oppositions, and the crisis of rationality. This unveiling is a political action - and it takes place as much in The Visible and the Invisible as in The Adventures of the Dialectic. By reading over the whole of Merleau-Ponty's texts, this work thus examines the relationship of Merleau-Ponty to phenomenology and to Marxism, in order to extricate what he found in their intermixture. It seeks to sketch the manner in which we can think about politics from now on
Bachelet, Michel-Pierre. "Etudes sur les règles de l'art oratoire suivies d'une esquisse d'anthologie raisonnée de scènes de théâtre de langue française." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030179.
Full textEvery one agrees today to transfer the emphasis of meaning elements of the speech acts from the enunciate towards the enunciation, and from the enunciation to the commune activity between a locutor and an interlocutor. Can such a doctrinal point not affect the analysis of some phonetic and prosodic mecanisms ? using as a starting point the most recent acquisitions of the philosophy of langage in the field of pragmatics, this dissertation intens to draw somme particular conclusions related to this particular aspect of rhetorics known as "oratory art", i. E. The act of speaking out a discourse. The commitment of linguistics in the field of an extended conception of enuncia, tion within the framework of a pragmatic approach of langage leads to describe the diction and elocution mecanisms in connexion with discourse signifying, i. E. In respect with the different types of discursive strategy's actuated by their internal dialogism degree. A certain number of voice modulations can then be analysed as "schemas" capable of making abstact sructures perceptible to imagination. These abstract structures, both discursive and argumentative, are connected to the more or less converging orientation of discourses, witch is in no way accidental. The rules of oratory art, thus cease to appear as mere figures and flowers of speach, solely determinded by stylistic and sociological concerns. The contrast between the polemic mode of talking and the dialogic mode of de, clamation of person who speaks can be enlightened in this perspective. Such an angle confirms, at the anthropological level, the relevance of a dialogical principle instituted under the primacy of the the interpersonnal relationship in relation with referential concerns
Chifflot, Thierry. "L'ontologie de Claude Bruaire : de l'ontologie comme logique de la liberté." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040171.
Full textClaude Bruaire (1932-1986), within the framework of positive metaphysics, develops a philosophy of existence which can give a rational foundation and a sense to Man's desire to be and to know. Going beyond dialectic aporias renewed by combinations of the three existential powers : Freedom–Desire–Language, and reconciling them in the three corresponding successive syllogisms , he allows logic to go beyond itself in ontology. Man, relative freedom, infinite desire, discovers expectation for the former and satisfaction for the latter, by the universal Language allowing him to gain access to the answers of an absolute, original Freedom, the intelligence of his language. Man, inextricably spirit and body, is then in debt to his being and finds a means to redeem this with an ethic of gift, authentic ontology of gift, " ontodology "
Nait, Ahmed Salima. "Le féminin dans les écrits de Theodor W. Adorno : une critique de l'aliénation à l'épreuve du genre." Thesis, Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0056.
Full textStarting from the assumption that Theodor W. Adorno's work is still relevant, this thesis proposes a feminist updating of his critique of alienation. In the first part, gender issues at the Institut für Sozialforschung (IfS) are explored in order to shed light on the following paradox: while these issues gave rise to flourishing research at the beginning of the Institute's history, they underwent a surprising eclipse, precisely from the time of Adorno's official integration into the Institut für Sozialforschung in 1938, and even if his reflection on gender-related alienation seemed to be the most radically critical. The evolution of the treatment of gender issues from the legacy of the last Marx to Adorno through the important phase of Erich Fromm's transition to the Institute is examined. A second part of the work is then devoted to the critical interpretation of the figures of femininity in Adorno's work. The thread of Adorno's dialectic between history and nature [Naturgeschichte] allows us to overcome their appearance of totally alienated figures, even against Adorno's first intention, to consider them in their historicity, going beyond, in a materialist way, the binary alternative between essentialism and constructivism, without concluding to a femininity which would be "already there". Finally, we show that the feminist potential of Adornian thought is to be found in the least explicitly feminist corpus. The Negative Dialectic (1966) can thus offer the conceptual resources of an anti-capitalist and feminist thought of alienation, which is capable of operating a synthesis between the new theories of alienation and the properly feminist critique of alienation and reification
Castilleja, Magdaleno Diana Patricia. "Émergence d'un genre littéraire au Mexique de 1950 à nos jours : l'essai comme écriture." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030056.
Full textSariols, Persson Deerie. "Figures de l'altérité au XXe siècle : des bestiaires aux monstres." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030077.
Full textXXth century’s Western culture has inherited from the past to recreate its own animal and monstrous imaginary. But the founder myths of modern alterity are born in the XIXth century : Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus, by Shelley, Dracula, by Stoker, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, by Stevenson. The Horla, by Maupassant embodies the unspeakable monster. The Island of Doctor Moreau, by Wells is an example of “humanimal”, between man and beast. Literary genres as fantasy, science-fiction or horror, in fiction, films, comics or computer games, have adopted monsters and animality in classical or new forms, especially concerning the approach to the body as a theme. Animality reflects life’s nonsense in Kafkas’s Metamorphosis, but sometimes it chooses rather irony and humor in short genres (Borges and Cortázar), in animal fables (Truismes, by Darrieussecq, Great Apes, by Will Self) or in a renewal of traditional fairy tales (The Company of Wolves, by A. Carter). The three main stakes from the monster as a confrontation with the other are fear, death and evil. So it can be idealized (as in Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles) or taken as an enemy (as Lovecraft’s Great Old Ones). Death can be represented by zombies or vampires, also in a search for immortality, through the figure of artificial man, golem (The Golem, by Meyrink), robot (R. U. R. By Čapek), mutants or cyborgs. Absolute evil is incarnated by Satan. Today’s society believes rather in man’s inner evil, as Bradbury’s A Clockwork Orange describes. Orwell’s 1984 shows the monstrous political system. The comic Maus, by Spiegelman, describes how horror has actually been in real history. Solaris, by S. Lem, on the contrary, goes beyond good and evil in a rather metaphysical science-fiction story
Aftassi, Damien. "Réflexions sur le droit à l'identité de genre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080034.
Full textAnthropological changes or simple sectional claims, shortcomings of identity are being undeniably suffer to the attract of the self-determination. Grasped by a dualistic legal logic, breaking with the biological social life, from the feelings to the perceived, the right to gender identity offers a field of reflection renewing the legal treatment of the person.The empirical approach related to transsexual and intersexual syndromes established exclusively by medical diagnoses should not serve as a restrictive reason for gender recognition. When it is part of the temporality, and without upsetting the situations of the past, gender identity must be fully considered. The primary challenge is to mitigate the effects of sexuation.The exercice of rights can be ensured while either by the gender or by integrating of specific characteristics beyond any perception distorted by third parties.Thus, the traditional mechanisms of personal and family law deserve to be readjusted, in accordance with such paradigms.The topic also leads to questions regarding the development of the subject in accordance with its gender, to separate form any innate references. By safeguarding the abilities of the subject, the right to control its own body could be used as a criterium for its modelling. Transcending the fixed legal representation of the person, could gender constitute a singular fact of the autonomy of the will beyond the natural properties of man ?
Morneau-Caron, Pierre-Alexandre. "Les protreptiques comme exercices spirituels." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27209/27209.pdf.
Full textBlanchard, Pierre. "La satire poétique de Thermidor à l’Empire : crépuscule d’un genre au couchant des Lumières." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20086.
Full textAt the turn of the 18th and 19th century, a large satiric production showed a wave of distrust of the Enlightenment philosophy, accused of being responsible for the exactions committed during the French revolution. The objective was to eradicate the legacy of the Enlightenment: in a period characterized by such a political instability, the Luciana verse-satire, then a declining kind of satire is made again legitimate thanks to a new fad. The social and moral disorders justified the use of such a sharp polemical genre. Satire became a perfect way for people to understand all the tensions which permeate the country in terms of political, religious and philosophical aspects. The satirist was nonetheless a marginal poet. The pretended performativity of his poetry and the danger it represented for the targets of his denunciation made the satirist suspicious. He constantly had to find a way to get his polemical speech "allowed". The analysis of the satirist ethics helps us to see the link between our corpus' authors and the great authors who gave the genre its literary honorability. The latters didn't stop claiming the legacy of the first ones. Creating a steady ethical "persona", the satirist made his denunciation legitimate. He also justified the use of the invective in the name of some higher ideal: maintenance of the State, return of values and moral, regeneration of Art. Every field was concerned. In the satirical work that emerged between Thermion and the Empire, the satirists were judging their century. They were actually part of the ronsardian and albinean tradition of the political satire. Politics, philosophy and religion are all subjects of reflection, debates and polemics in the satirical production of this period. The redefinition of Church’s status during the Revolution, unsuccessful attempts to create a cult able to counter Catholicism, and larger antagonisms between incompatible world views created opposition networks which structured the turmoil of the age. These are atheism versus religion, republic versus monarchy and reason versus faith. During the 18th century, the satire was a neglected and despised genre. It was experiencing the end of its era. The analysis of satire poetics between Thermidor and the Empire illustrates the decline of the genre, which only survived through the violence of its accusations. Emotions of sadness were flattered and the satire sometimes aroused polemics with eventual tragic human consequences. Ironically, the study of the violence in the satirical invective reveals the vitality of a genre that couldn’t survive long its renewed dynamism
El, Majdoubi Ilham. "Désir, genre et identités dans les premières œuvres de Tennessee Williams." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20018.
Full textThe theatre of Tennessee Williams covering the period from 1940-1960, most significantly the plays written and produced under McCarthyism, arouses interest through its suggestive force. Desire and sexuality, considered as largely taboo subjects for the stage, are only obliquely and allusively approached. Their potentiality remains nevertheless subversive. Williams, a committed but not sectarian writer, gives voice to those who are voiceless in the normative and binary structured heteropatriarcal society. He raises very disturbing questions about gender (sexually determined social relations) in his works, where the boundaries between masculinity and femininity, between homosexuality and heterosexuality, are not always clear-cut. Far from reasserting sex/gender differences, the playwright defends a rather hybrid view of identity in which subjects appear as a sum of the different identities they hold. His creation offers a wide range of possible identifications and introduces the queer idea claiming that identity is a socially and culturally constructed site of multiplicity and permanent becoming
Koike, Miho. "Entre philosophie et didactisme : le cas des Discours philosophiques de Pontus de Tyard." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100033.
Full textPontus de Tyard (1521 or 1522-1605), poet, philosopher and theologian, brings together the six dialogues, first published separately from 1552, in a joint publication : the Discours philosophiques (1587). The dialogue in the sixteenth century, often meets a didactic intention, as it facilitates knowledge diffusion by its form. Tyard’s dialogues do indeed seem to try to contribute to knowledge collection and diffusion by being part of the general movement of knowledge popularization that book historians highlighted. However, on the other hand, these dialogues seem to have a real philosophical inquiry, a quest for truth, mixed with a query about the possibility of achieving such a truth, whose intentions are more difficult to grasp. Therefore we sought to observe the coexistence of these two aspects. Our work is organized into three main parts. The first part presents Tyard’s books composition in the context of his career and the circles he moved in. The second one relates to layout and content issues (from a literary and typographical standards point of view). The last section attempts to finally bring some answers to the original question, through a specific examination (limited to the exemplary case of Premier Curieux) of how Tyard, through his characters, deals with philosophical questions. With this aim in view, we conducted a comparison study with contemporary cosmological treatises, analyzed the compilation method initiated by Tyard, and demonstrated the importance he attaches to the expression of doubts and paradoxes
Ostuzzi, Silvia Maria Teresa. "Derrière la pensée : instants de ravissement dans l'écriture de Clarice Lispector." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080107/document.
Full textThe writing of Clarice Lispector is inhabited by a deep tension to rapture. This term, which may correspond to the Brazilian words êxtase, enlevo, is not common in the lexicon of Lispector; however, we chose to build a question observing the multiple occurrences of ecstatic figures which belong to her work. First, the rapture unfolds as a fracture in the temporality plan: it tears the opacity of the daily life, exposing the female protagonists of Lispector’s stories and novels to a different order of meaning and of reality, placing them outside the scope of understanding. The tension triggered by this rupture, the (des)encontro, leads the speech into a space that is, in Lispector’s terms, behind the thought. This work explores the possibility of addressing some of Clarice Lispector’s texts to highlight the range and depth of the tension which characterizes rapture, pursuing the highly non-thinking power of the writing of Clarice Lispector: its hieroglyphic character. In this perspective, the work of the Brazilian writer can be (re)thought as a struggle toward the not knowing, to which the writer refers in her text Água Viva (1973) as « thought behind the thought »
Lavoie, Frank. "Vie, existence et dignité humaine : "rencontre" entre Albert Camus, l'écrivain, et Albert Jacquard, le généticien /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textGérardin-Laverge, Mona. "Le langage est un lieu de lutte : la performativité du langage ordinaire dans la construction du genre et les luttes féministes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H223/document.
Full textHow is gender constructed and deconstructed in ordinary practices of language? First of all, I demonstrate that ordinary language philosophy – and more specifically the austinian theory of speech acts – can lay the ground for a constructivist approach and help to understand the role of language in the social construction of gender. I show that gender is naturalized both by our representation of language itself – as a mere reflect of reality and as an unequally shared “capacity” – and by ordinary and scientific practices of language. Understanding this idea involves going beyond the dichotomy of ideological and material, in order to analyze construction and representation of gender together in both discursive and non-discursive practices. Butler’s theory of gender performativity makes it possible to understand both construction and deconstruction, or the contingency of gender. But does not highlighting the strength of this construction lead to deny our power and agency? To answer this question, I study feminist discursive practices. I highlight transformative power of subversions and insurrectional speech acts. I analyze discursive practices of denaturalization that challenge both social and discursive orders, and practices that use language performativity to change the social conditions that give power to speech acts. These practices deconstruct gender and produce political and collective subjects: a radical constructivist approach to gender thus opens rich perspectives for feminism and collective activism
Blanchard, Pierre. "La satire poétique de Thermidor à l'Empire : crépuscule d'un genre au couchant des Lumières." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937270.
Full textChevallier, Jean-Frédéric. "Essai d'approche et de définition d'un tragique du XXème siècle (vers une tragédie des impossibles)." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030028.
Full textGreek tragedy is the full and entire expression of the tragic phenomenon. From the former we can deduce three elements capable of defining latter. The tragic concerns the being of man. To be perceived, an ontological continuity needs to be established. It takes the shape of a aporie. Anti-Hegelian philosophers such as Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche demonstrate this hypothesis. The tragic produces a feeling : anguish for the first one, disgust with life for the second one and joy for the third one. A more strickly aesthetic definition of the phenomenon, offered specifically by Maeterlinck and Wagner, shows the tragic mainly as an effect. This first study highlights the conceptual tools needed to comprehend the tragic in the tramatic texts of the twentieth century, and shows how the tragic is invested in the transition between modernism and postmodernism. .
Esmer, Franck. "Le portrait de soi selon Rousseau : une entreprise philosophique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10034.
Full textMorethe, Louis-César. "'Citadelle' d’Antoine de Saint Exupéry : poème ou oeuvre de philosophie ? : réception et étude du statut générique de l’oeuvre posthume de l’écrivain aviateur." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC038.
Full textAs soon as it was published, Citadelle, considered by Saint Exupéry as the work of his life, received a mixed reception."Its mixture of lyricism to vague philosophical considerations" was denounced by the Critique and a few years later, the French and foreign universities split into more or less two major movements of interpretation of the work : one, major in France, which judged Citadelle as a Poem and Saint-Exupéry as a Poet, and the other which deemed it as a philosophical work above all, or even of Philosophy, and Saint Exupery as a proper Philosopher (with no academic experience). As a result, this thesis studies first Citadelle’s Critical Reception both in France and abroad. In order to try to understand these differences of opinion as to the positioning of the work within the genericity, the second part tries to enlighten Saint-Exupéry’s last Poetic Art, while showing the originality of this scriptural step which rests on two essentially related components : conceptual as well as figurative and symbolic, which the Critique seems to have constantly opposed to one another in its interpretation.The third part of this thesis attempts a new answer in the light of the preceding elements in order to determine to what extent Citadelle - which is certainly a Poem in the Saint-Exupéry sense of the term - can be considered as a work of Philosophy, in the light not only of the History of Philosophy but also what would make the discursive specificity (ies) of the text produced by "Philosophy". Finally, in order to understand the origin of some fundamental concepts of the author's thought, which illuminates both his scriptural approach and the originality of this misunderstood and insufficiently studied work, we deal with Saint-Exupéry as a reader of some major philosophers
Camenen, Gersende. "Écrire au temps de l'image : les enjeux du visuel chez Roberto Arlt." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/152360425#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textRoberto Arlt's work (1900-1942) is contemporaneous with the increasing importance of new media (photography and cinema) in the Argentinian cultural field. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the influence of image on Arlt's writing. By examining his notes on cinema, his reflections on and pratice of photography, I analyse Arlt's views on the transformation of modes of representation and of the status of writing entailed by the new media. This cultural change also provokes different poetic responses in Arlt's novels, plays and travel writings. The relation to images in Arlt's work goes through three different periods. Arlt makes his literary "début" by elaborating in his first novel a powerful author-figure and giving a major role to images in the formation of subjectivity and the apprenticeship of writing. This construction conditions his relation to tradition and "avant-garde", defining his place in the literary field in a particularly subversive way. Then the period of the great novels and of "Aguasfuertes porteñas" reveals the decisive impact of cinema on Arlt's narrative art, imposing a new lecture of the subject, the narrative rhythm and finally of the powers of literature, challenged by the new narrative art that is cinema. Finally, a last stage opens with the theatre and the experience of travelling. A visual origin and a form of confrontation to the other seem to link together these very different writing pratices. The theatre, visual art and textual other, then the cultural other perceived through a web of both old and new images, half-way between reality and imagination dramatically change the relation of writing to image
Hanus, Gilles. "Jean-Paul Sartre et Benny Levy, l'espoir maintenant : le dialogue comme Praxis philosophique : génèse et interprétation." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070037.
Full textThe only trace left from Sartre and Benny Levy's dialogue is the publication of their interviews called Hope now (L'Espoir maintenant) not long before Sartre's death. Sartre and Lévy both declared how important this dialogue had been for them, but the scandal that followed the publication of the interviews prevented them from being taken seriously. It is now time to consider these interviews more objectively. In order to do so, we had to place them back in the vaster context of the Sartre-Lévy dialogue and that dialogue first had to be reconstituted. The opening of Benny Levy's personal archives made it possible. This source was completed with numerous recordings of the interviews as well as a series of conferences and articles which showed evidence of the common work Sartre and Lévy had undertaken. Once the reconstitution was made, we decided to reconsider the published interviews with the globality of the dialogue in mind. This approach required going back to previous texts from Sartre or consulting posterior ones from Benny Lévy. It showed this dialogue as the interaction of two thoughts confronting each other and taking shape at the same time. Hope now is a very dense text, based on countless preliminary exchanges, that needs explanations to be fully comprehended and to understand what is at stake. It turns out that the dialogue, rather than being an anecdotic form occasionally taken to express a thought, actually gives birth to a specific form of thought, which Sartre himself used to call "Pensée du nous" ("thought of the we")
Dumas, Christa. "Les formes sociales de la séduction : une approche sociologique du genre à partir de l'analyse de la séduction comme phénomène social." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30038.
Full textThis research is based on the following question : to what extent do masculine, feminine categories represent the underpinnings of seductive heterosexual behavior here and now ? This study is intended to help understand the complexity of seduction by focusing on the field of feminist research. In the first part of this work we will describe our methods ; the following two sections will use this methodology to answer our questions. The second part will show the development of the seductive image. We will explore general images formed by our society in order to show how modern heterosexual seduction may be influenced and even sometimes determined by the myths, legends and literature that tend to follow our gender system. In our analysis of myths, legends and literature we will meet emblematic figures of seduction, and in the final part of our study we will see how their images and representations as conveyed by our contemporary society and the representations of the seductive individuals - men and women - are present in our real lives. We often hear about supposed changes, transformations of sexual-determined roles and equality. In contradiction, our analysis supports scientific points of view that continue to reveal often invisible evidence of the same androcentric system
Demetriou, Demetra. "La femme et la poésie engagée : Louis Aragon, Pablo Neruda, Yannis Ritsos." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040133.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to explore the question of woman in the poetry of three major committed poets of the twentieth century : Louis Aragon, Pablo Neruda and Yannis Ritsos. Having adopted a comparative type of approach, this study gives a general vision of woman in militant poetry, while at the same time it highlights the specificity of the authors and their works. This poetry forms part of a universal and intertextual dialogue placing the relationship between love, history and politics at the centre of the authors’ relation with women and the creative process. Within the scope of the sexual difference problematic, as well as the interplay between class and gender, and by employing a method that moves from the particular to the more general – and thus, from the personal to the collective –, this thesis, centered on the Cold War literary production of the authors concerned, focuses on their personal development with respect to the evolution of the committed poetry more generally. Indeed, the different images of woman come to represent the vision of the world of the committed writer, profoundly disrupted during the period in question. Moving progressively from a construction to a de-construction of the collective identity, from high to low tones, from epic to lyric flair, from revolutionary myths to myths outlining the inalterable character of human condition, from physics to metaphysics, lastly, from the ideal of Progress to a depreciation of History – expressed by cyclical figurations –, the committed writer is found on the outermost boundary of his undertaking, where contradictions are often unreconciliable
Montanaro, Mara. "Françoise Collin : La révolution permanente d'une pensée discontinue." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974109.
Full textOsten-Sacken, Esther. "Théâtres de l'écriture dans l'oeuvre d'Hélène Cixous : "La ville parjure" et ses autres." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081387.
Full textThe scene of this play is a cemetery, a city of the dead, and the play stages not only the illness and the "state of mourning" of our times, or the city that is the world of our western democracies, but it also stages language, the a gun that language fights in a theatre that is also the theatre of a trial as in greek tragedy. The play thinks and stages theatre and poetry. It is a poem by itself, and my lecture concerns rather the work of writing than the theatrical action. I tried to hear the philosophy that is expressed by the theatrical form. The reading follows the scenes, which are like chapters, each exploring a different motivating question. They succeed one another, following a mental and philosophical logic, related to the different libidinal economies that struggle with each other, represented by the characters and their manners of speaking. The driving force of the play is the desire for justice, a desire that is transformed as the play progresses. The question of how this desire searches (its way), how it expresses itself, how it is productive or destructive, is investigated through a reflection on creative language and on legal language. The desire of a justice that is heterogeneous to the legal system leads to the question of a messianic day of an apocalypse that happens, paradoxically, all the time in the light of a fantomatic day haunted by the future. Turning to "la fiancee juive" and "messie" i than explore the simultaneity of two different temporalities, anachronic and diachronic. The question of a kind of writing the material of which is silence itself is connected with two important terms of "la ville parjure" : perjury, which underlies all intentional language, and pardon. The writing of cixous searches and waits for pardon, even something beyond, and in the same time it is pardon itself: gift (don) of the poem
Lopez-Betancur, Olga del Pilar. "La philosophie tragique chez Clément Rosset : un regard sur le réel." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100188/document.
Full textStarting from the concept of “tragic philosophy”, we offer a complete analysis of the complete philosophy of Rosset, up to now little studied in France. We contemplate the link in his work between tragic philosophy and the arts, based on his analysis of works of dramatic art, literature and music. In doing this, we analyse even the term ‘tragic’ itself, the fortune of ancient drama and the usage of tragedy proposed by Nietzsche, in order to establish the philosophical approach that belongs to Rosset. We thus present a mapping of the whole of his works in order to analyse the new tactics that he puts to work in order to re-invent the approach to tragic, and in this manner, evaluate the singular manner of the philosopher that he puts to work. Analysing in his earliest works on tragic by means of the tragic event and his personnel experience, Rosset then enlarges his field of reflexion to make tragic the object of the philosophy of reality. This twist in his work brings us to think not of the tragic as a circumstantial question or the reserve of the dramatical or artistic analysis but as the plan for a new philosophy, which contests the idea of nature, and offers a new philosophy of reality. By clarifying this philosophy as the « logic of the worst », « anti-nature » and the philosophy of chance, we thus consider his works with the maturity of his first philosophical gesture that sets out the philosophy as tragic. This method in his work leads us to distinguish the absurd tragic from that of pessimism, whilst insisting on the paradoxical link of the joy that it brings, that determines the tragic as a philosophy of approval. The role played by literature and music is thus evaluated in the light of this new encounter that Rosset proposes to us, between an art of the subtle and the ethics of tragic approval. We hope in this manner to contribute to opening France up to the philosophy of Clément Rosset
Esta tesis tiene como objetivo comprender y precisar los términos a partir de los cuales Clément Rosset retoma y reelabora el termino filosofía trágica. Para hacerlo, hemos hecho una travesía que abarca el conjunto de su obra, para así hacer visibles los diferentes estratos que conforman este concepto. En primer lugar, la filosofía trágica de la que Rosset nos habla en sus libros de juventud aparece a une escala humana: él se interroga sobre el acontecimiento trágico y la relación del humano con ese tipo de situaciones. El describe, por tanto, el sujeto trágico que se sorprende cada vez que esas situaciones aparecen. Su elaboración no solamente su nutre y está ligada definitivamente a Nietzsche, sino también a las tragedias antiguas y modernas, reforzando así el lazo entre estética y filosofía. En segundo lugar, Rosset extiende su visión de lo trágico al mundo. Así él nos invita a pensar en la actividad misma de la materia, lo cual implica que no solamente el individuo es trágico sino el mundo en su totalidad. En este momento de la reflexión es necesario precisar que Rosset no comprende lo trágico como el “hecho lamentable”, sino que su visión es mucho mas compleja, puesto él debe entenderse como el “indeterminismo” que acompaña cada acto de nuestra vida y la actividad del mundo en su conjunto. Así una filosofía trágica se dedica a pensar ese ingrediente crucial, el “indeterminismo”, de donde surgen todos los determinismos que vemos y habitamos constantemente: los acontecimientos y los seres (animados e inanimados). En tercer lugar, si Rosset instaura una nueva concepción de lo trágico, ella va permitirle, algunos años más tarde, conducir su reflexión hacia lo “real”. Es así que la palabra “trágico” se diluye, pero no su sentido, el “indeterminismo”, el cual se incrusta en el centro mismo de sus reflexiones sobre lo real. Vemos así como Rosset desliza su pensamiento hacia una filosofía de lo real que por tanto es completamente equiparable a la filosofía trágica de sus primeros libros. Eso no significa que la reflexión de Rosset permanezca estática, todo lo contrario, ella es muy activa - pero guardando una profunda coherencia -, puesto que se dedica a reformular el problema de lo real, esta vez a partir del “indeterminismo”, que aparecerá como la verdadera “naturaleza” de lo real. Finalmente si la filosofía de Rosset se dedica pensar lo real, su solo objetivo es proponernos una reconciliación con lo inmediato, con el empirismo de las cosas que nos rodean. De esta manera su filosofía es una celebración de lo real, la cual también podría leerse como una celebración del “indeterminismo”. Para garantizar mejor nuestra cohabitación con lo real, Rosset la refuerza a través de un campo de sensaciones provenientes de la música y la literatura. Es así que una filosofía de lo real, puede mejor comprenderse por las sensaciones que nos producen estas manifestaciones estéticas. De esta manera Rosset conserva el lazo entre filosofía y estética que habíamos descubierto al comienzo de su reflexión sobre lo trágico
Destailleur, Audrey. "Configurations disciplinaires du débat au cycle 3." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30037/document.
Full textEducational research conducted as part of this thesis aims to explore ways of formalizing gender debate in three subject areas in elementary school : literature, science and philosophy. More specifically, this research focuses on the update of this school disciplinary gender in different areas of the school building in cycle 3 (CE2 - CM1 - CM2): spaces prescription, advocacy, and reported practices actual practices. The study disciplinary configurations debate in each of these spaces is constructed empirically using a collection and analysis of specific data: Official Instructions for the three disciplines of debate for analyzing spaces prescription, 25 editions textbooks (18 French and 7 in science) for the analysis of spaces recommendation statements cycle 3, 184 teachers on their practice debates for analysis of areas reported practices and the transcript of three sets of debates in discussion literature , science and philosophy led respectively by four teachers from cycle 3 of the suburbs of Lille (two teachers teaching classes in classical and two teachers in alternative education classes). This methodological and disciplinary approach that allows comparisons lead us to highlight the specific disciplinary formalization of debate based on different spaces. We observe how particular instructions made to students in textbooks guide disciplinary debates how management discussions by teachers reveals a tension between the development of a consistent place left to students during debate and building contents disciplinary, or why and how the script content by teachers during times of debate allows students to establish as teaching subjects
Larrieu, Gérald. "Genre et transgression dans trois romans de Manuel Puig : La traición de Rita Hayworth (1968), The Buenos Aires affair (1973) et El beso de la mujer araña (1976)." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040137.
Full textCan the psychosexual gender provide texts with a distinctive generic character? This work sets out to move from a sexual identity to a textual identity by studying the double transgression of the writer and of his works. The idea of gender (género in Spanish) cannot be separated from the pattern it is woven into with specific ties starting from the symptom leading to Manuel Puig's distinctive artistic creation. The remarkable feat of this “woman's voice” (phrase coined by Borges) is to interweave the criticism of the sign which transgresses -by its heterogeneousness and its creative act of enjoyment (not of reproduction)- the androcentered sociocultural order to be found in the Bourgeois novel with the "Name-of- the-Father"; the political censorship aimed at the three novels analysed herein: La traición de Rita Hayworth, The Buenos Aires Affair and El beso de la mujer araña points to it
Chaintreuil, Ulysse. "L'Unité de la forme : sur les parties de la substance formelle chez Aristote." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H218.
Full textThe form is not, in Aristotelian thought, a simple object, but because it is expressed by a definitional statement, it is a complex reality, composed of parts. The nature of the parts of the form and their relations with the latter is problematic insofar as the form is the first substance: it must as such constitute a unity. This unity is problematic since the form, a complex totality, maintains a necessary relation to the compound of which it is the form. This problem of the unity of the form is declined according to two aspects. On the one hand, it is a question of identifying the nature of the parts of the form, and the main issue for Aristotle is to avoid making the matter of the compound of which it is the form a part of it, while affirming the radical unity of the hylemorphic compound. In other words, one must affirm the radical unity of the substantial compound while preserving the integrity of the form within it, by showing that it is not necessary to make matter a part of the form to explain the unity of the sensible compound. On the other hand, it is a question of explaining the unity of the parts of the form and more particularly the way in which these parts can constitute a properly substantial and complex totality, and not simply a pile of disparate parts assembled. It is then a question of knowing how the different parts of the form can constitute a substantial totality properly one from an elementary multiplicity. It is this double problem - that of the integrity and that of the totality of the form - that we want to treat in the present work
Nel pensiero aristotelico, la forma non è un oggetto semplice, ma, poiché si esprime in un enunciato definitorio, è una realtà complessa, composta di parti. Ora, la natura delle parti della forma e delle loro relazioni con quest'ultima è problematica nella misura in cui la forma è la sostanza primaria: come tale, deve costituire un'unità. Questa unità è problematica poiché la forma, una totalità complessa, mantiene una relazione necessaria con il composto di cui è la forma. Il problema dell'unità della forma ha due aspetti. Da una parte, si tratta di individuare la natura delle parti della forma, e il problema principale per Aristotele è evitare di rendere la materia del composto di cui è la forma una parte di quest'ultima, affermando allo stesso tempo l'unità radicale del composto ilemorfico. In altre parole, l'unità radicale del composto sostanziale deve essere affermata preservando l'integrità della forma al suo interno, mostrando che non è necessario rendere la materia parte della forma per spiegare l'unità del composto sensibile. D'altra parte, si tratta di spiegare l'unità delle parti della forma e, più in particolare, il modo in cui queste parti possono costituire una totalità complessa, propriamente sostanziale, e non semplicemente un ammasso di parti disparate assemblate insieme. Si tratta allora di capire come le diverse parti della forma possano costituire una totalità propriamente sostanziale a partire da una molteplicità elementare. È questo doppio problema - quello dell'integrità e quello della totalità della forma - che vogliamo affrontare nel presente lavoro
Papaioannou, Amalia. "Du "goût à la grecque" au "genre étrusque" (1750-1800) : sources archéologiques et imaginaires "à l'antique" dans l'évolution du décor européen." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010566.
Full textGrigoropoulou, Marina. "Mémoire et imagination dans « Le labyrinthe du monde » de Marguerite Yourcenar et la « Lettre au Greco » de Nikos Kazantzaki." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030031.
Full textMarguerite Yourcenar’s The Labyrinth of the world and Nikos Kazantzaki’s Report to Greco constitute the personal and familial narratives of the authors, written around the end of their lives and belonging generally to personal literature. Between a desire for the truth on one hand, and the erosion of time and the transformations of the conscience on the other, objective reminiscence and imaginary intervention coexist. Memory and imagination are therefore constitutive components of the Works, making difficult a determination of their exact genre. In this thesis, we explore each as well as their connections with each other. For the analysis of memory, of time, of consciousness and of fantasia, we will call upon philosophy and above all a phenomenological approach ; for the study of images of experience elaborated by the unconscious, we will direct ourselves to psychoanalysis and more precisely to the Freudian, Jungian and Lacanian contribu! tions. Thus, by evaluating the importance of each on of these components for the symbolic construction, we will try to determine the dominant with a view to finally describe the generic status of the Works
Remes, Sirkka. "Métamorphoses des genres : l'oeuvre littéraire de Gilles Zenou." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030157.
Full textThe author and philosopher Gilles Zenou (1957-1989), born in a Jewish Moroccan family and emigrated in France, treats in his texts the problematic of identity and otherness. In this study, the focus is in his literary production that includes three novels and two tale collections. However, the philosophical texts of the author, especially his two doctor’s theses, are used as a support in analysing his fictional texts. The term “genre” is used assuming its polysemy in the French language; the method of analysis associates the study of the interaction between different literary genres to the gender studies. In the work of Zenou, the research of beauty goes together with a spiritual and ethical research. The analysis of the metamorphoses of genre and gender shows how the writing resists and contours the power relationships by transforming itself
Ferrando, Stefania. "La liberté comme pratique de la différence : philosophie politique moderne et sexuation du monde : Rousseau, Olympe de Gouges et les saint-simoniennes." Doctoral thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0064.
Full textThe Saint-Simonian Suzanne Voilquin writes that an "unknown" appeared in social life with women's equality and freedom. This research aims to analyze how this "unknown" of social life was thought and practiced as it became part of political discourses as well as revolutionary and post-revolutionary philosophical reflections. First, by analyzing th "Rousseau dispositif" - a set of texts dealing with the problem of the " women's position" and discussing Rousseau's thesis - we examine the discourses that exclude women from knowledge and politics as well as the need to secure the transmission between the father and his children in a world of free individuals. Afterwards, we focus on the writings of Olympe de Gouges and her development of a new political approach to revolutionary society, based on her position as a "placee et deplacee" in both knowledge and politics. Finally, we follow the Saint-Simonian women who created the periodical La femme libre. We examine their collective political practices and the "symbolic work" on the "unknown" that came with their research for freedom. These practices allow, within social life, new experiences, through which women can cease to be "social life sleepwalkers" and act in it to change it, as full-fledged subjects
Andrès, Christian. "Connaissances et croyances au siècle d'or d'après l'oeuvre théâtrale de Lope de Vega." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100152.
Full textThe author of this Ph. D. Dissertation dedicated himself to an analysis of Lope de Vega’s (1562-1635) "comedias", and wanted to study and explore the popular and scientific culture hidden within each word and each declamatory speech. He also emphasizes lope's theatrical use of knowledge and believes. This investigation about lope's culture and imaginary world throughout his "comedias" resumes the duality of the title, underlining thus the heterogeneity of the audience of "corrales" during the Spanish Golden Century. A first part analyses a medical culture concerning both knowledge and believes, and takes into account the illiterated as well as the educated spectator's interest for it. Different subjects such as human anatomy, physiology, pathology, surgery, death, psychology, mental diseases and madness, therapeutic believes will be analyzed. In a second part, the author, while going on his research upon mentalities through "comedias", stresses on Lope's philosophic culture : logic, physics, metaphysics, ethics through the Aristotelian and neo-platonic point of view of that time. A third part gathers different kinds of believes, from religious faith to Golden Age myth, through demonism and witchcraft, astrology, alchemy, a few great ancient myths, legends, the "limpieza de sangre", the fear of the other, a mythic bestiary, mineral believes, dreams. . . Finally, the conclusion will sketch a portrait of lope much more complicated than one could imagine, and will stress on the extent of a culture often despised by those who criticize it. A list of “comedias” read by author and a thematic index are improved at the end of the dissertation. (256 mots)
Mozziconacci, Vanina. "Le sujet du féminisme peut-il faire l'objet d’une éducation ? Essai sur les théorisations féministes de la relation et de l'institution." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN044/document.
Full textThis thesis examines and seeks to resolve some paradoxes in feminist conceptions of education. Dominant paradigms in first- and second-wave French feminism conceptualize education in ways that discount one of its fundamental aspects: either its social or its individual nature. While first-wave liberal feminism tends to promote a form of educational individualism, second-wave materialist feminism only considers education through the lens of socialization. Both paradigms fall prey to substantialism because they reify either the individual or society, and thus forget that the two stand in relation to each other. Contemporary Anglo-Saxon feminist pedagogies avoid these symmetrical pitfalls thanks to a relational conceptualization of education. Starting from a definition of consciousness as relation, these theories conceptualize “consciousness raising” as a dialectics between individual consciousness and collective consciousness. In this perspective, the feminist subject is neither the individual woman as rights-bearer nor the social class of women as produced by domination. Instead, the feminist political subject is defined by a specific relation to the condition of women. Nevertheless, subjectivist tendencies within feminist pedagogies reveal that building this relation requires rethinking educational institutions; otherwise feminist pedagogy can become a depoliticized practice. Because educational institutions contribute to producing the hierarchical division between productive and reproductive labor, they must be radically transformed. Such work can be done through a political project of care at the institutional level
Constantinesco, Thomas. "Ralph Waldo Emerson : l'Amérique à l'essai - lectures de l'oeuvre en prose." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070049.
Full textUpon his death in 1882, Ralph Waldo Emerson had already become a literary monument and was recognized as a founding figure of American culture. Published in 1837, "The American Scholar" is indeed hailed by many to be America's "intellectual Declaration of Independence. " However, if the "Belles Lettres" did contribute to creating the representation of a common imaginary whereby the American nation could invent itself and if, in the course of the nineteenth century, America wrote itself into existence, such an enterprise remained largely the province of fiction. Yet Emerson was always suspicious of fiction, which for him rhymed with illusion, choosing instead to write non-fictional prose, and more particularly essays. Contrary to some of his contemporaries who turned tales, romances, and novels into indigenous genres, free at last from the shackles of European Letters, Emerson turned towards the genre of the essay and made it one of America's privileged forms of literary expression. This thesis thus offers to read Emerson's essays as so many ways of approaching what "Experience" describes as "this new yet unapproachable America," considering them as the locus where the American democracy repeatedly writes and rewrites its social compact and continuously reinvents itself. By the same token however, and despite Emerson's aversion for fictional forms, the essays yield to the desire for fiction that haunts them in secret and become what he called "romances of character," fashioning the character of America's representative men even as the letters, the characters, take shape on the page
Ambassa, Marie-Thérèse. "Langage-société-imaginaire : le théâtre populaire francophone au Cameroun (1970-2003) : thèse." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2010.
Full textThe French-speaking popular theatre in Cameroon is a new form of oral literature born from the encounter of French and Cameroonian languages. It is the product of the imagination of pioneer authors such as D. Ndo (Otsama), D. Afana Ebogo (J. M. Kankan), D. Kemseu (Dave K. Moktoï) and Essindi Mindja. The imagination of authors associated with the collective imagination constitute the language of this theatre that reflects the Cameroonian society. This research reveals the specificity of the French language currently used in Cameroon. Our work is divided into three parts : the transcription of plays, their analysis or interpretation, and the results of the encounter (the re-actualized French language and reception). The contributions of anthropology, sociology, mythocriticism of G. Durand, theories of the theatre of A. Ubersfeld, J. J. Roubine and works of A. Martinet, among others contribute to the clarity of the analyses